Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Cysteine-Rich Peptides in Food Systems: Structure, Sources, Functional Properties, Potential Applications, and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Mao-Cheng Sun, Thanh-Do Le, Changhui Zhao, Itthanan Suttikhana, Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11244-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11244-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are structurally diverse bioactive peptides in which cysteine residues form disulfide bonds or, in some lanthipeptides, cysteine-derived thioether bridges. These constraints can improve resistance to thermal, chemical, and enzymatic stress, although stability and activity remain peptide- and matrix-dependent. CRPs have attracted interest as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory agents in food preservation, functional foods, and active packaging. Nisin provides the clearest regulatory and commercial precedent: this lanthipeptide is used in selected food categories to control susceptible Gram-positive pathogens and spoilage organisms. Evidence for most plant defensins, cyclotides, and engineered CRPs, however, remains based on in vitro, preclinical, or food-model studies. This review examines CRP structures, sources, functional properties, potential food applications, and regulatory considerations. It also evaluates quantitative efficacy data, manufacturing and delivery constraints, allergenicity and toxicity, possible resistance, and the need for matrix-specific validation. CRPs should therefore be considered candidate components of validated preservation and delivery strategies rather than universal replacements for conventional additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification and In Vitro Probiotic-Associated Characterization of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria from Raw Honey and the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Gut in Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"Ayat Fatima Malik, Muhammad Nawaz, Aamir Ghafoor, Muhammad Sohaib","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11252-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11252-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The honey bee (Apis mellifera) and raw honey constitute ecologically distinct, acidic and osmotically stressful niches that harbour autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with promising probiotic-associated properties. This study isolated and molecularly characterized Lactobacillus-related isolates from raw honey and honey bee gut samples collected from Chichawatni Reserved Forest, Punjab, Pakistan, and further identified selected strains by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. From 30 samples (10 raw honey samples and 20 honey bee gut pools, each collected from an independent Apis mellifera colony), 18 presumptive Lactobacillus isolates were recovered on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar and confirmed at the genus level by Lactobacillus-specific 16 S rRNA-23 S rRNA intergene amplification. In vitro probiotic-associated properties were evaluated, including tolerance to simulated gastric juice, bile salt tolerance, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation with four reference enteric pathogens, antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatants (CFS), and antibiotic susceptibility. Honey-derived isolates showed higher values for acid tolerance and auto-aggregation parameters in the evaluated assays than gut derived isolates. Isolate H1 showed the highest survival at pH 2, the highest auto-aggregation, and produced the largest inhibition zones against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, and Campylobacter jejuni. Neutralization of the CFS to pH 7 abolished the antimicrobial activity, and heat treatment reduced it only partially, a pattern suggesting that organic acids may contribute substantially to the observed antimicrobial activity. All isolates were intrinsically non-susceptible to vancomycin and polymyxin B, which is consistent with the intrinsic resistance profile of the genus. Three isolates showing complementary in vitro probiotic-associated phenotypes (H1, B4 and B13) were tentatively identified by partial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as best matches to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and the sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank under accession numbers PZ694971 (H1), PZ676443 (B4) and PZ676444 (B13). These isolates are proposed as candidates for further probiotic evaluation, pending multi-locus or whole-genome confirmation of species identity, formal safety testing (haemolytic activity, gelatinase production, biogenic amine synthesis and DNase activity), targeted characterization of the antimicrobial metabolites and in vivo evaluation. These findings identify Chichawatni honey and honey bee gut as an underexplored source of indigenous LAB and highlight H1, B4 and B13 as potential candidates for further probiotic evaluation, pending safety assessment, whole-genome characterization, adhesion assays and in vivo validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SX52-B Isolated from Centenarians' feces: Genomic Analysis and Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation.","authors":"Yueting Zhu, Congjie Ning, Yushan Ding, Weiwen Xiong, Poyu Liao, Guanfu Yang, Jingzhen Wu, Peihua Tang, Xinhe Luo, Lijun Lv, Hui Luo, Yi Qi, Xuemeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11230-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11230-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics have been reported to effectively modulate human glucose metabolism. Here, we aim to isolate and identify Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SX52-B (L. paracasei SX52-B) from the intestines of centenarians, investigate its hypoglycemic properties, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms through integration of genomic analysis. To evaluate the probiotic properties, L. paracasei SX52-B was subjected to growth characteristics, safety and functional tests. Whole-genome sequencing of L. paracasei SX52-B was performed to identify functional genes related to hypoglycemic properties. Genomic annotation was conducted by comparing against databases such as GO, COG, KEGG, and CAZy. Firstly, L. paracasei SX52-B exhibited great biosafety across a series of assays. It could survive in simulated gut microbiota juices, indicating significant tolerance to acidic conditions and bile salts. Moreover, L. paracasei SX52-B showed no hemolytic activity and exhibited antibiotic susceptibility within safe limits. In the acute oral toxicity test of mice, neither adverse reactions nor significant differences in organ indices were detected after they were fed different doses of L. paracasei SX52-B for 28 days. Genomic sequencing and analysis revealed that the genome size of SX52-B is 2,991,568 bp. Through functional annotations, relatively rare carbohydrate metabolism-related genes such as malX (maltose/glucose PTS system EIICB component), tpiA (triosephosphate isomerase) and E5.1.3.15 (glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase), were identified in L. paracasei SX52-B, which were rarely detected in common L. paracasei strains. These results suggest that L. paracasei SX52-B possesses distinct genomic features related to glucose-lowering pathways. On the other hand, the result of in vitro functional assay demonstrated that L. paracasei SX52-B exhibited a high α-amylase activity inhibition rate (94.67%) and favorable lipid-lowering capacity. The supernatant of L. paracasei SX52-B also exhibited significant antioxidant activity. To verify the hypoglycemic capacity of L. paracasei SX52-B in vivo, we employed a hyperglycemic zebrafish model. It is revealed that both supernatant and bacteria of L. paracasei SX52-B significantly reduced the glucose content in zebrafish (P < 0.001). The study findings highlight that L. paracasei SX52-B exhibits favorable probiotic properties and hypoglycemic capacity, holding promising potential for application in the development of functional hypoglycemic foods or pharmaceutical products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanistic Pathways to Therapeutic Interventions.","authors":"Weilun Lin, Zhiheng Shu, Gang Liu, Jun Fang, Sujuan Ding","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11246-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11246-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the global population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) has increased. Neurodegenerative diseases have complex pathogenesis and currently lack fundamental treatment methods. The gut-brain axis (GBA) participates in the pathogenesis of NDDs through bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS). This review systematically introduces the pathogenic characteristics of representative NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as the association mechanisms between these diseases and GBA. The pathogenic characteristics of NDDs are closely related to changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and differences in gut microbiota metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, tryptophan metabolites, etc.). These changes influence the CNS through multiple pathways, including neuroendocrine, vagus nerve, and immune regulation, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of the diseases. Furthermore, we have collected and summarized preclinical and clinical evidence from recent years regarding therapeutic interventions based on the GBA mechanism, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Nevertheless, major knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding causality between gut microbiota changes and NDDs, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the clinical efficacy of GBA-targeted therapies. This article aims to review the mechanisms of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain in neurodegenerative diseases, and based on the existing experimental evidence, provide theoretical basis and future development directions for future prevention and treatment strategies targeting GBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Scymidgutin_8-29 from Scylla paramamosain with Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities and Therapeutic Potential in DSS-induced Colitis in Mice.","authors":"Chang Zhang, Xianxian Dong, Ning Ding, Fangyi Chen, Ke-Jian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11247-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11247-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine-derived antimicrobial peptides possess both antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities, offering potential advantages for treating complex inflammatory conditions. Meanwhile, the management of inflammatory bowel disease is complicated by the interplay of microbial dysbiosis and bacterial-driven inflammation, which conventional single-target therapies frequently fail to address. In this study, we identified a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide, Scymidgutin_8-29, from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. This 22-residue peptide possesses a calculated molecular mass of 2658.23 Da, an estimated pI of 12.31, and 37.5% hydrophobicity. Scymidgutin_8-29 exhibited potent, broad-spectrum membrane-disrupting activity against clinically relevant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains, with MBCs of 1.5-3 µM against the tested multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and 6-12 µM against MRSA isolates, achieving > 99.9% killing within 20 min. Furthermore, the peptide demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity by promoting M2 macrophage polarization in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the downregulation of iNOS (to 0.24-fold of LPS control), NO (to 0.47-fold), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 to 0.67-0.73-fold), along with the upregulation of Arg-1 (to 1.80-fold) and IL-10 (to 1.38-fold). In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis mouse model, intrarectal administration of Scymidgutin_8-29 (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the disease activity index (from 7.0 to 3.0), restored colonic histopathology, rebalanced cytokine profiles, and altered gut microbiota composition, notably decreasing colitis-associated Akkermansia and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that Scymidgutin_8-29 possesses both direct membrane-disruptive antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory capacity, and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in the DSS-induced colitis model, positioning it as a potential multi-functional therapeutic candidate for intestinal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Potential of Native Lactic Acid Bacteria from Brazilian Canastra Cheese: Safety and Functional Characterization.","authors":"Gabriela Zampieri Campos, Elionio Galvão Frota, Gustavo Augusto Lacorte, Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira, Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov, Uelinton Manoel Pinto","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11233-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11233-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canastra artisanal Minas cheese is a traditional Brazilian raw-milk cheese whose fermentation relies on \"pingo\", an endogenous whey culture that harbors autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with technological relevance. This study evaluated the safety and technological properties of LAB isolated from pingo and cheeses from Serra da Canastra region, Brazil. Among 199 presumptive LAB isolates screened for hemolytic activity, mucin degradation, and antibiotic susceptibility, 116 met the preliminary safety criteria. Rep-PCR and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed 16 genetic groups, mainly represented by Streptococcus lutetiensis (32%), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (28%), Lpb. paraplantarum (14%), Lactococcus lactis (12%), and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (12%). Vancomycin resistance genes were not detected, whereas biogenic amine-related genes were identified in some strains, and Enterococcus durans 14A3 produced tyramine in vitro. Technological characterization showed variability in acidification capacity (ΔpH/t24 = 0.010-0.061), proteolytic and lipolytic activities, diacetyl production and enzymatic profiles. Genes associated with bacteriocin production, adhesion, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis were also detected in selected strains. The integration of safety and technological traits identified Lpb. plantarum 2B3 and L. lactis 6D5 as the most promising candidates, combining favorable safety profiles with consistent technological characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of the autochthonous microbiota of Canastra artisanal Minas cheese as a source of adjunct cultures for artisanal dairy production, while reinforcing the importance of strain-level safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum CKDB008 and Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus LDTM7511 Attenuate Visceral Hypersensitivity and Suppress Serum IgE in an Acetic Acid-Induced IBS-Like Rat Model.","authors":"Ji-Hee Kim, Soo Je Park, Chul Sung Huh, Chang Hun Shin","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11238-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11238-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by visceral hypersensitivity, impaired intestinal barrier, immune activation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, for which standardized treatment remains limited. In this study, we evaluated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CKDB008 (LP) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LDTM7511 (= CKDB511; LR), each administered at low (1 × 10⁸ colony forming unit [CFU]/day) and high (1 × 10⁹ CFU/day) doses for 14 days in an acetic acid-induced post-inflammatory IBS-like rat model. Visceral hypersensitivity was assessed by the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, and serum and distal colonic markers of stress, immunity, barrier function, and gut microbiota were analyzed. LR consistently attenuated visceral hypersensitivity at both doses, whereas LP reduced serum cortisol more strongly at the high dose, indicating distinct response profiles across endpoints. Serum IgE was significantly reduced in all probiotic-treated groups regardless of strain or dose (P < 0.01), and distal colonic zonula occludens-1 expression was upregulated primarily in the LR-treated groups, reflecting limited and marker-specific modulation of barrier-related readouts. In the gut microbiota, Kineothrix alysoides was significantly depleted in the low-dose LP group after false discovery rate correction (Q < 0.05), with a positive correlation observed between its abundance and AWR area under the curve. Predicted microbial pathway profiles also showed changes primarily in the LR-treated groups relative to IBS at the suggestive level. Collectively, these findings provide preliminary preclinical evidence that LP and LR alleviate several IBS-related phenotypes in this rat model, supporting their further evaluation as candidate probiotic strains for IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Protein and Lipid Cargo Sorting into Extracellular Vesicles of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei.","authors":"Huixue Hu, Ming Yang, Jiamu Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11239-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11239-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles that transport bioactive cargo. EVs from lactic acid bacteria show health benefits and drug-delivery potential, yet cargo encapsulation remains understudied. Here, EVs were isolated, purified, and characterized from the bacteriocin-producing strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei YCL29, which was isolated from fermented Yucha. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses were subsequently conducted to compare the EVs with their parental L. paracasei YCL29 cells. Nanoflow cytometry indicated EVs with mean diameter 86.0 ± 18.8 nm at 4.83 × 10⁹ particles/mL. Proteomic analysis identified 2,120 high-confidence proteins and revealed selective cargo sorting, with 313 proteins enriched in EVs and 446 downregulated relative to the parent cells. EV-enriched proteins were associated with stress tolerance, nutrient transport/metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, catalysis, and antibiotic biosynthesis, including cold-shock and antioxidant proteins were detected under non-stress conditions. Lipidomic analysis showed enrichment of phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides, defining a distinct EV lipid signature. These findings provide insights into potential cargo-sorting mechanisms and functions of L. paracasei EVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.","authors":"Wenfei Qin, Guangqiang Wang, Yang Fu, Yue Zeng, Yongjun Xia, Yi Sheng, Lianzhong Ai","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11236-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11236-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fp), a potential candidate for a next-generation, is widely distributed in the feces and intestinal tract of mammals. Accumulating evidence indicates that Fp and its metabolites exert anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and maintain intestinal barrier integrity. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of Fp and its nutritional cross feeding interactions with other microbial species. We further synthesize current evidence on the local roles of Fp in intestinal diseases and systemic effects on distant organs via the gut-organ axis. Furthermore, we outline the mechanisms by which its effector molecules, including butyrate, microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to disease amelioration. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for Fp. Collectively, as an important commensal bacterium in the gut, Fp provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel functional microorganisms with probiotic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Prioritisation of Fish-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides by Integrated Multi-Layer Immunogenicity and Structural Analysis.","authors":"Akshay Sasidharan, Ananya Pandey, Shreya Nandi Roy, Vinutha Anandhan Sujatha, Kanishk Prabhu, Rajasekaran Ramalingam","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11240-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11240-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising but underexplored source of therapeutic candidates. However, their immunological safety for potential human application has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we applied a multi-stage computational approach to 154 fish AMPs retrieved from the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD6). Sequential safety filtering reduced the dataset to 23 AMP candidates, which were subsequently evaluated using a composite safety and immunogenicity risk score based on MHC class I binding, MHC class II binding, B-cell epitope exposure, and residual hemolytic risk. B-cell risk was conditioned on MHC class II activation to account for the role of CD4⁺ T-cell help in class-switched antibody responses. Eight AMPs were classified as Predicted Low Risk based on their relative composite safety and immunogenicity risk. Both this classification and the rank order of the three highest-ranked candidates remained stable across the tested sensitivity scenarios. The eight Predicted Low Risk candidates were further evaluated for conformational variability, secondary structure, structural rigidity, and membrane interaction. NRC-01 showed the lowest composite safety and immunogenicity risk score (0.213), indicating the lowest predicted risk among the evaluated candidates. NRC-18 achieved the highest final multi-criteria score (0.764), combining a relatively low composite safety and immunogenicity risk score (0.296), strong predicted membrane interaction (ΔG = -5.2 kcal/mol), high helical content (69.0%), and the highest dominant cluster population among the top three candidates (57.86%). Overall, the combined computational analyses identified a small group of fish-derived AMPs with favourable predicted safety, immunogenicity, and structural characteristics that warrant further experimental investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}