Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Potential of Postbiotics in the Biodegradation of Antinutrients in Foods.","authors":"Nader Khani, Amir Hessam Shakeri, Mansour Rabie Ashkezary, Baharak Aghapour, Roya Abedi Soleimani, Negin Hosseinzadeh, Negin Rezaei-Savadkouhid, Ramin Khorrami, Seyed Mohamad Javad Shkouhian, Aziz Homayouni-Rad","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10649-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10649-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antinutrients, frequently called as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), comprise a class of compounds prevalent in numerous plant-derived foodstuffs that can impede the bioavailability of essential nutrients or serve as precursors to harmful substances. The impact of ANFs on human health remains a topic of contention, primarily contingent upon their concentrations. While the beneficial ramifications of these compounds are extensively documented, the associated risks they present and the methodologies to mitigate such risks have not received equivalent scholarly attention. It is unequivocal that various ANFs detrimentally influence the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and proteins, inhibiting certain enzymatic activities, thereby adversely affecting the bioavailability of nutrients within the human organism. The principal aim of this investigation is to examine the potential for modulating the levels of ANF in food products via fermentation. This review focuses on possibly controlling ANF levels in food through biological methods. The use of probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) is a novel approach to ANF control. Postbiotics are defined as soluble entities (either direct products or metabolic byproducts) that are secreted by living bacteria or released after bacterial lysis; these include enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, muropeptides derived from peptidoglycan, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids. The interest in these postbiotics is attributable to their well-defined chemical structures, established safety dose thresholds, prolonged shelf lives, and the presence of diverse signaling molecules that may exhibit nutraceutical properties (such as cholesterol assimilation, the degradation of undesirable or anti-nutritional compounds, and the production or enhanced bioavailability of antioxidants). This review highlights the role of postbiotics in the degradation of ANFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Hydrogel Formulation Combining Phycocyanin and Probiotic for Enhancing Skin Regeneration and Accelerated Wound Healing: A Preclinical Investigation in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Asmaa Negm El-Dein, Tarek N Soliman, Asmaa Ezzat, Marwa Adel Abd El-Fattah, Hanan Farouk Aly, Eman A Younis, Nasser S Flefil","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10635-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10635-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin repair is a global concern that requires multifunctional wound healing platforms that accelerate healing and shield the wound from external contamination. Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a natural protein that shows favorable characteristics for skin repair. The present study aims to investigate the synergistic wound healing potential of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus and C-PC hydrogel formulation. C-PC whey protein nanofibrils (WPINF) were first prepared and evaluated for particle size, % entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential. Selected WPINF was used to prepare several hydrogel formulations which were further evaluated for physical properties and in vitro C-PC release. Formulation with acceptable physical properties and C-PC release was studied for oxidative stress markers, antioxidant biomarkers, and wound healing effect in animal models. WPINF had acceptable particle size (26.59-153.5 nm), % EE (65.76-95.98%), and zeta potential (22.3-26.1 mV). The developed hydrogels exhibited neutral pH values (6.97-7.10), optimal spreadability (5.60-7.50 cm), and viscosity (123-209 Pa). HEC-based hydrogel (F1) showed superior C-PC release which was found to follow Higuchi diffusion. In vivo, hydrogel formulations (with and without probiotic) showed significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, with MDA reduced by 54.76-98.58% and antioxidant biomarkers (GSH and TAC) ensuring successful delivery of therapeutic compounds. Histological analysis showed improved re-epithelialization, reduced inflammation, and well-formed granulation tissue in treated groups, with probiotic-C-PC group demonstrating additional immunomodulatory effects. The study highlights promising potential of C-PC-probiotic hydrogels as a safe and effective biotherapeutics for wound healing, supporting their advancement into further clinical investigations to validate their efficacy in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Functional Characterization of an Ancestral Hepcidin-Like Antimicrobial Peptide in the Lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum).","authors":"Jiayi Qiao, Xiaxia Wang, Chaoyue Zhou, Chennan Li, Yue Pang, Qingwei Li, Yimu Luan, Meng Gou","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10654-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10654-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepcidin, also known as LEAP-1 (liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide), is a cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptide found in vertebrates that plays a key role in iron transport and immune response. Although hepcidin has been characterized in various vertebrates, including fish and mammals, its evolutionary origin remains unclear. In this study, the ancestral hepcidin gene (named Lc-HAMP) was cloned and characterized from the liver of the primitive jawless vertebrate Lethenteron camtschaticum (lamprey). The gene encodes a 25-amino-acids signal peptide and a mature 23-amino- acids peptide. Despite relatively low sequence similarity with other species, the mature Lc-HAMP peptide retains eight conserved cysteine residues that form a core structure of four disulfide bonds. Lc-HAMP expression is significantly upregulated upon multiple immune challenges, and the mature peptide exhibits dose-dependent in vitro antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Aeromonas, but shows no activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lc-HAMP induces bacterial membrane damage and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts in bacteria. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicate that overexpression of Lc-HAMP in HEK293T cells affects endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione metabolism, similarly to observations in higher vertebrates. These findings shed light on the evolutionary origin of hepcidin, a key antimicrobial peptide, and suggest potential strategies for preventing and controlling immunosuppression in lower vertebrates such as fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus pentosus THF59 via Inhibition of Differentiation and Promotion of Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Cells.","authors":"Qiwen Zheng, Trang Thi Minh Nguyen, Xiangji Jin, Gyeong-Seon Yi, Tae-Hoo Yi","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10663-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10663-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the probiotic properties and anti-adipogenic activities of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus THF59, isolated from blueberries. THF59 exhibited several probiotic traits, including antimicrobial activity, tolerance to simulated gastric juice and bile salts, non-pathogenicity, and strong adhesion to intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. To evaluate its anti-adipogenic potential, MDI-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with THF59 cell-free supernatant (CFS). At the highest tested concentration (100 μg/mL), THF59 CFS significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by 68.40%, as evidenced by Oil Red O staining. It also decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 27.45%, potentially suppressing adipogenic differentiation by disrupting ROS-mediated early signaling events. Moreover, THF59 alleviated MDI-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, suggesting interference with early-stage preadipocyte differentiation. At this concentration, THF59 CFS significantly downregulated key adipogenic transcription factors involved in various stages of differentiation, including SREBP-1 (68.91%), PPARγ (50.75%), C/EBPα (41.99%), and AP-2 (37.44%). These findings indicate that THF59 suppressed adipogenesis through multi-level regulatory interference, from early commitment to terminal differentiation. Notably, THF59 also promoted late-stage apoptosis in mature adipocytes by 6.55%, representing an additional lipid-lowering mechanism through the removal of lipid-storing cells. In conclusion, THF59 exerted anti-adipogenic effects in MDI-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting differentiation and promoting apoptosis, supporting its potential as a functional probiotic candidate for obesity prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Efficacy of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-Expressed Enterocin RM6 Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.","authors":"Yan-Xia Liu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Zhen-Chuan Fan","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10641-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10641-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2013, enterocin RM6, an antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from Enterococcus faecalis in raw milk. This antimicrobial peptide exhibits certain antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. However, since its discovery, its antibacterial activity remains uninvestigated. In this study, we utilized the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to express N-terminal hemagglutinin and 6 × His double-tagged triple tandem repeats of enterocin RM6 (3 × Enterocin RM6). The expression of 3 × Enterocin RM6 remained stable after continuously passaging transgenic cells for 6 months; this yielded 0.45% of total soluble proteins. C. reinhardtii-expressed enterocin RM6 inhibited the growth of six bacterial strains, encompassing both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 25-70 μg/mL. Recombinant 3 × Enterocin RM6 exhibited significant stability across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pH levels, exhibited tolerance to proteolytic enzymes, displayed minimal hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes, and demonstrated low cytotoxicity toward Vero, BHK21, HEK293, and MDBK cell lines. In addition, C. reinhardtii-expressed 3 × Enterocin RM6 exhibited effective cell membrane penetration and caused morphological disruption in the targeted bacterial cells. Our study results indicate that C. reinhardtii is a viable host for producing bioactive enterocin RM6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bifidobacterium's Influential Role in the Battle Against Obesity: Going Beyond Probiotics.","authors":"Nazanin Daneshpour, Mahsa Rajabi, Nima Zafari","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10645-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10645-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has emerged as a major global health concern, contributing to the development of many chronic illnesses and metabolic conditions. Recent studies underscore the critical role that gut bacteria play in controlling the body's metabolism, with Bifidobacterium species gaining prominence for their diverse effects on the management of obesity. This review considers the knowledge currently accessible about the processes that how Bifidobacterium affects obesity, extending beyond the conventional understanding of probiotics. We explore the probiotic characteristics of Bifidobacterium, which encompass the enhancement of gut homeostasis, the strengthening of intestinal barrier integrity, the mitigation of inflammation as a key factor in obesity pathogenesis, and various other widely recognized beneficial effects. In addition, we discuss the role of Bifidobacterium in metabolic functions and its effects on weight management and associated mechanisms. This review also addresses Bifidobacterium and the multiple elements that lead to obesity, including the interaction with dietary and nutritional elements, the effects of exercise and lifestyle choices, and the consideration of impacts from both the environment and genetics. The evidence and mechanisms presented highlight the beneficial role of Bifidobacterium in managing obesity; however, there remain significant gaps in our comprehensive understanding of its impact on obesity, which we have aimed to address in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evidence on the Health Benefits and Safety of Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yu Yang, Jing Sui, Wang Liao, Shaokang Wang, Da Pan, Guiju Sun, Peng Gao, Xuesong Xiang, Hui Xia","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10646-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10646-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the health benefits of probiotics have received increasing attention. As one of the most common probiotics, the health efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) have become the research focus. For this reason, the review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of L. rhamnosus on human health and various diseases. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of L. rhamnosus and multiple diseases. A digital search was conducted following systematic review guidelines, and 51 studies met inclusion criteria from a total of 1595 articles. The results of this review indicate that L. rhamnosus provides potential health benefits in various diseases. For example, studies have shown that it may alleviate clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children, modulate gut microbiota to improve symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and potentially reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. L. rhamnosus is generally considered safe for healthy individuals, with no serious adverse events commonly reported in the general population. However, occasional adverse effects have been documented in special populations such as critically ill patients, pregnant women, and infants, and caution is advised when used in these groups. Future studies investigating the health benefits of L. rhamnosus still need to design more comprehensive RCTs and expand the sample size to better study the impact of L. rhamnosus on various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Adhesion/Colonization Efficacy of Probiotics by Polysaccharide Surface Decoration for Remission from Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Ting Liu, Qiang Meng, Yijun Zhang, Jianming Ye, Yingju Shang, Wei Song, Yane Luo","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10653-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10653-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the colon, with a rising global incidence. Probiotics have been explored for treat UC due to their regulation roles on the gut microbiota. However, issues such as low survival rate, limited colonization time, and poor therapeutic effects have been observed following the oral administration of free probiotics. Thus, techniques for surface modification of probiotics have emerged to enhance the adhesion of encapsulation materials at inflammation sites, thereby to improve the retention time of probiotics and their therapeutic effects on UC. Here, we investigated the altered physio-biochemistry environments in the gastrointestinal tract of UC patients, and the factors influencing the molecular interactions between probiotics and the mucosa. We also clarified that encapsulation materials such as chitosan, sodium alginate, and thiolated hyaluronic acid could target the colon wall through electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, or the formation of disulfide bonds, thereby elongating the adhesion time of probiotics in the intestine. Additionally, the degradation patterns, potential beneficial or harmful impacts of these encapsulation materials were summarized. Finally, the current status of probiotics and polysaccharide-based treatments for UC in clinical trials were discussed. This research will facilitate the preparation of probiotic microcapsules with colon adhesion properties and also provide recommendations for the clinical application of encapsulation materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Time Reliable Effect of Probiotic Clostridium butyricum on the Growth of Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus).","authors":"Yiqin Deng, Liwen Xu, Keng Yang, Ziyang Lin, Shujun Zang, Kui Jiang, Wangdong Li, Nabil A Ibrahim, Hongling Ma, Changhong Cheng, Juan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10652-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10652-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotic Clostridium butyricum has been demonstrated to enhance the growth of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). However, the time reliable effect of C. butyricum application for L. maculatus growth promotion is poorly understood, limiting our ability to make informed decisions about when the C. butyricum should be added and why. To address this, we employed multidisciplinary approach to investigate the growth response (including growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, and gut microbiome) of L. maculatus to C. butyricum supplementation throughout the entire breeding cycle (from juvenile to marketable size). The C. butyricum supplementation significantly increased the weight of L. maculatus during its early life stages. Correspondingly, 16S rRNA sequence showed that C. butyricum addition increased probiotic bacteria (including Lactobacillales), decreased pathogenic bacteria (including Enterobacterales, Burkholderiales, and Fusobacteriales), and reduced bacterial virulence processes (including quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and bacterial secretion systems) of gut microbiota in L. maculatus. Concurrently, C. butyricum supplementation increased intestinal villus height (up to 32.1%), muscle thickness (up to 115.8%), and digestive enzyme activities (up to 77.8%). Nevertheless, during the later stages of incubation, treatment with C. butyricum did not result in further improvements or even showed similar outcomes to the non-supplemented treatment. These findings emphasize that C. butyricum supplementation during the early breeding stage can significantly benefit L. maculatus growth, rather than adding it during later stages. This study provides evidence on the appropriate timing for C. butyricum supplementation in L. maculatus culture, offering timely information and technical support for its culture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in Disease Regulation.","authors":"Yingying Ding, Yingjian Hou, Xingzhen Lao","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10642-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10642-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), as a representative of the core gut commensal bacteria, has shown outstanding therapeutic potential in the field of microecological interventions due to its unique mucin degrading ability and host-interaction mechanism. A. muciniphila is first isolated from human feces in 2004. It colonizes the intestinal mucus layer, utilizing mucin secreted by goblet cells as its primary carbon and nitrogen source. In 2013, researchers found that supplementation with A. muciniphila could improve obesity, demonstrating the potential of A. muciniphila in the treatment of disease. Recent studies show that A. muciniphila strengthens intestinal barrier integrity, improves metabolic diseases, and mitigates inflammation through multiple mechanisms, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway activation via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 stimulation and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. A. muciniphila and its derivatives also exhibit potent anti-tumor effects. They induce tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) upregulation, triggering extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathways in tumor cells. Additionally, A. muciniphila promotes M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through NLRP3 activation and remodels the tumor microenvironment via metabolic crosstalk with intratumoral microbiota. Notably, A. muciniphila combined with programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody boost CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, thereby overcoming host resistance to PD-1 blockade. Moreover, A. muciniphila contributes to the growth of butyric acid-producing bacteria and suppresses the growth of specific bacterial populations, playing an important role in the gut microbiome network. This review evaluates recent discoveries regarding A. muciniphila's multifaceted roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, ameliorating metabolic and inflammatory disorders, and enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. We also discuss its ecological effect on the gut microbiota flora and point out the therapeutic limitations and prospect which provides theoretical references to promote the development of Akkermansia muciniphila in clinical diseases, especially in tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}