Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of a natural phytogenic feed additive on broiler performance, carcass traits, and gut health under diets with optimal and reduced energy and amino acid density.","authors":"Maged A Al-Garadi, Rashed A Alhotan, Elsayed O Hussein, Mohammed M Qaid, Gamaleldin M Suliman, Mohammed A Al-Badwi, Esam H Fazea, Isiaka O Olarinre","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytogenic feed additives are gaining attention as potential alternatives to enhance broiler growth performance and feed efficiency. The experiment investigated the effects of supplementing broiler diets over 35 days with two levels of Fibrafid (0.15 % and 0.25 %) under two dietary regimes: normal amino acid density and metabolizable energy (ME) levels (referred to as positive control diet plus Fibrafid: PC1+0.15 % or PC1+0.25 % Fibrafid) and diets with a 5 % reduction in amino acid density and a 1.5 % reduction in ME (referred to as negative control diet plus Fibrafid: NC1+0.15 % or NC1+0.25 % Fibrafid) on performance parameters and carcass attributes of Ross 308 broilers. These were compared to standard positive control diets (PC1 and PC2, without or with TURBO Grow) and negative control diets (NC1 and NC2, without or with TURBO Grow). Performance indicators were estimated during 0-9, 11-23, 24-35, and 0-35. On day 35, the carcass characteristics and jejunal histopathology were evaluated. Results demonstrated significant improvements in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with Fibrafid inclusion, particularly at 0.25 % over trail. Fibrafid supplementation compensated for reduced dietary energy and protein, leading to improved growth performance, and gizzard and Bursa weights compared to negative control diets. Compared to NC1, the PC1+0.25 % Fibrafid show a significant improvement in jejunal villus morphology, leading to an increase in villus width, height, surface area, and goblet cell density by 5.3 %, 4.8 %, 12.5 %, and 56.7 % respectively. In conclusion, Fibrafid supplementation positively impacts growth performance and intestinal structure, potentially improving nutrient absorption, and jejunal integrity in broilers, proving Fibrafid's promise as a viable option in modern poultry nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"105014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: In vitro anticoccidial activity of protein and lipid extracts from the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)","authors":"Laura Sedano ,&nbsp;Maryline Abert Vian ,&nbsp;Côme Guidou ,&nbsp;Francoise I. Bussière ,&nbsp;Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé ,&nbsp;Christophe Trespeuch ,&nbsp;Bertrand Méda ,&nbsp;Anne Silvestre","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian coccidiosis, caused by <em>Eimeria spp</em>., is the main parasitic disease in the poultry industry, responsible for high economic costs worldwide. Faced with anticoccidial resistance and societal pressure to reduce inputs in livestock sector, insects could provide a relevant alternative to anticoccidial molecules. The larvae of the black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) are easy to rear, and can be used to enhance the value of by-products and food waste. Here, anticoccidial activities of protein extracts solubilized in water and lipid extracts solubilized in methanol of <em>H. illucens</em> larvae were evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. Larvae were either blanched and freeze-dried or dried and pressed. The maximum noncytotoxic dose of each extract (20 g/L and 35 g/L of dry matter equivalent) was assessed in avian cells, using a series of tenfold dilutions. The parasite strain <em>Et</em>-INRAE was modified to express nano-luciferase reporter gene. Parasites were pre-treated with extracts. Then, avian cells were infected and incubated in the presence of the extracts. Inhibition of cell invasion and parasite development were assessed by quantification of the luminescence detected. Lipid extracts and protein extracts inhibit <em>Eimeria</em> growth at, at least, a 10⁻⁶ dilution. Further research is required to confirm these results <em>in vivo</em>, assess potential antinutritional effects, and possibly identify active compounds from fractionated extracts to optimize the observed anticoccidial activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 105009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of two strains of recombinant lactobacilli expressing the HA2 protein of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 in different ways and study on the effect of immunisation","authors":"Wenzhe Liu ,&nbsp;Wentao Tang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Li ,&nbsp;Haiyang Wu ,&nbsp;Youxiang Diao ,&nbsp;Jingdong Hu ,&nbsp;Yi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the H9N2 subtype of LPAI has become one of the most widespread diseases in poultry in the world, and infected poultry usually show no obvious symptoms, mainly in the form of reduced performance. However, when secondary infection with other pathogenic bacteria occurs, it can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of poultry, causing huge losses to the poultry industry. At present, vaccination is still the most common way to prevent and control avian influenza, but the traditional vaccine has deficiencies such as short duration of maintaining immunity, poor mucosal immunity and re-enforcement of virulence. Probiotics for feeding have the advantages of green, safe, non-polluting, etc., and have become a more ideal antibiotic substitute for livestock and poultry farming. Microecological preparations using lactic acid bacteria as carriers to deliver antigenic proteins via the mucosal route have a wide range of applications. These products are safe and non-toxic, can be taken orally directly to stimulate the body to produce mucosal immunity, and have the probiotic effect of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, the HA2 gene, the main protective antigen of H9N2 AIV, was introduced into the constitutive and inducible expression systems of Lactobacillus casei, and the constitutive recombinant Lactobacillus casei pSIP409-p32-HA2/NC8 and inducible recombinant Lactobacillus casei pNZ8149-HA2/NZ3900 were constructed, and both of them were able to express the HA2 protein of avian influenza virus successfully. After immunisation of SPF chicks, both recombinant Lactobacillus strains induced mucosal and humoral immune responses in the organism and were able to effectively reduce viral emissions. Taken together, the constitutive pSIP409-p32-HA2/NC8 recombinant Lactobacillus is easy to produce and has a non-significant difference in immunocompetence from the inducible recombinant Lactobacillus pNZ8149-HA2/NZ3900, which is expected to be a novel agent for the prevention and control of H9N2 AIV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 105010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals the population structure and domestication processes of endemic endangered goose breeds (Anser cygnoides)","authors":"Shangzong Qi ,&nbsp;Teng Wu ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Liang ,&nbsp;Wenming Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Guohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the dwindling population of these endangered geese has hindered our understanding of their phenotypic variations and the genes associated with important traits. To investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of this breed, the whole-genome data of 90 individuals from a conservation farm were obtained using the Illumina 6000 paired-end platform. The research results indicate that each locally endangered goose variety has formed a monophyletic population. The Baizi (<strong>BZ</strong>), Lingxian White (<strong>LX</strong>), and Xupu (<strong>XP</strong>) geese exhibiting higher genetic diversity than the other goose breeds. Tree-Mix analysis revealed the presence of five gene flows events between goose populations, with Yangjiang (<strong>YJ</strong>) geese consistently exhibiting significant genetic distance from the other breeds. Under strong pressures from the natural environment and artificial selection, whole-genome selective scanning revealed 394 overlapping genes. Gene Ontology (<strong>GO</strong>) enrichment analysis of the putative candidate genes (<strong>PCGs</strong>) revealed significant enrichment of 20 terms (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (<strong>KEGG</strong>) enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of PCGs in 23 terms (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Examination of overlapping genes identified through at least two selection methods revealed a set of genes associated with key traits, including growth and development (<em>CCND1, DES, CCNO, SMC5, and NUBP1</em>), immunity (<em>ABCA2, ABCC8, UHRF2,</em> and <em>ABCA1</em>), and body aging (<em>KAT6B</em>). Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of endangered geese at the whole-genome level, laying the foundation for future molecular research on genetic variation and phenotypic changes. In summary, our results provide invaluable resources for delineating the uniqueness of endangered goose breeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 105004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary selenium mitigates cadmium-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chicken testicles by inhibiting oxidative stress through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway","authors":"Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is highly toxic to testicle. Selenium (Se) is known to possess antagonistic effects against Cd toxicity, yet the precise mechanisms through which Se counteracts Cd-induced testicular damage in chickens through Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway, oxidative stress (OS), apoptosis, and inflammation remained unclear. In the present study, the experimental model of chicken testis was established by incorporating CdCl₂ and Na₂SeO₃ into the dietary intake. After 60 days, chickens from each group were euthanized, and testicular and serum samples were subsequently collected. Ultrastructural assessment revealed that Se supplementation significantly mitigated the testicular damage induced by Cd. Se effectively suppressed the Cd-induced elevation in ROS, MDA, and H₂O₂ levels, while also preventing the downregulation of CAT, GSH, and T-AOC levels. Furthermore, Se administration ameliorated the reduction in the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 induced by Cd, and counteracted the overexpression of Caspase-3, Bax, Cyt-c, and Caspase-9, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence data demonstrated that Se attenuated the Cd-induced decrease in Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and the upregulation of IL-6 expression. In conclusion, this study elucidated that Se might mitigate Cd-induced oxidative stress in chicken testicles through the stimulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, and was beneficial in reducing Cd-induced testicular injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 104990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of antimicrobials epidemiological cut-off values of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolated from goose","authors":"Yangshuo Li ,&nbsp;Jingyi Liang ,&nbsp;Weihuo Li ,&nbsp;Yixin Jia ,&nbsp;Sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuee Hou ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</em> (MG) poses a significant threat to the goose breeding industry, with antimicrobial agents commonly employed for its treatment. However, the absence of standardized criteria for antimicrobial selection complicates clinical decision-making regarding the choice and dosage of these agents, contributing to the emergence of clinical resistance. In this study, we isolated 102 clinical strains of MG from geese in Guangdong. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for various antimicrobials frequently used in MG treatment, including danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tilmicosin, tylosin, tylvalosin, valnemulin, tiamulin, and spectinomycin. After conducting a statistical analysis of the susceptibility test results, we employed ECOFFinder to establish the wild-type cutoff values (ECOFFs) for these antimicrobials against the MG isolates. The findings revealed a significant reduction in sensitivity among the clinical isolates to the eight tested antimicrobial agents. While valnemulin and tiamulin maintained relatively good sensitivity, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and spectinomycin exhibited notably diminished effectiveness. The determined ECOFFs for MG isolated from geese against the aforementioned antimicrobials were 3.2, 3.2, 0.8, 0.8, 0.08, 0.05, 0.05, and 3.2 μg/mL, respectively. This study is crucial for identifying resistant strains and investigating resistance mechanisms, in addition to providing a precise assessment of the resistance levels of MG isolated from geese in Guangdong. The insights gained from this research will serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and treatment of MG infections and will promote more effective clinical strategies regarding the use of antimicrobials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 104974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of testis and epididymis identifies key genes and pathways regulating gander sperm motility","authors":"Shenqiang Hu ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Jiasen Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong He ,&nbsp;Guibi Li ,&nbsp;Tanze Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyu He ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Li ,&nbsp;Zhujun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiwei Hu ,&nbsp;Hehe Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Wanxia Wang ,&nbsp;Jiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sperm motility is a critical indicator of semen quality and determines the reproduction performance in male poultry. However, compared to chickens and ducks, very little is known about the physiological basis of varying levels of sperm motility as well the underlying regulatory mechanisms in geese. To address this, in the present study, a systematic comparison of semen quality parameters and histomorphological characteristics and genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of testes and epididymis were performed in ganders with high and low sperm motility. Our results showed that the size, weight, and organ index of bilateral testes and epididymis of ganders from high sperm motility (<strong>HSM</strong>) group tended to be higher (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) than those of ganders from low sperm motility (<strong>LSM</strong>) group, implying better reproductive organ development in HSM. The ejaculate volume, sperm density, sperm viability, and semen quality factor of the ganders were observed to be significantly higher in HSM than in LSM (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the opposite was seen in sperm deformity rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the ganders in HSM showed significantly higher testicular seminiferous epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), higher number of Sertoli cells (<strong>SC</strong>), spermatids (<strong>Sd</strong>), and spermatozoa (<strong>Sa</strong>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), as well as greater diameter and area of epididymal proximal efferent ductule (<strong>PED</strong>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than those in LSM. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 1,828 and 483 differentially expressed genes (<strong>DEGs</strong>) in the testis and epididymis of ganders between HSM and LSM, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in the Wnt signaling, Apelin signaling, melanogenesis, and GnRH signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction network analysis further highlighted the hub genes. The testicular DEGs including <em>PLCB1, PLCB2, WNT11, WNT4</em>, and <em>LRP6</em> were identified to regulate sperm motility through the Wnt signaling pathway, while the epididymal DEGs including <em>WNT3A, WNT9B, SOX2</em>, and <em>SOX10</em> could affect sperm motility by regulating epididymal cellular proliferation and differentiation. These data provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of male poultry reproductive organ development and sperm quality and would be helpful for developing molecular approaches in the genetic improvement of goose fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 105012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tianjihuang compound alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by targeting PPARα-TGF-β pathway in ducklings","authors":"Hongxu Du ,&nbsp;Kunzhao Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengke He ,&nbsp;Lijuan Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Tan ,&nbsp;Zhangxun Li ,&nbsp;Weijie Song ,&nbsp;Liting Cao ,&nbsp;Yue Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a potent mycotoxin, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, particularly affecting the health and growth of ducklings. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the Tianjihuang compound (HRS), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, on AFB₁-induced chronic toxicity in ducklings. Firstly, 30 ingredients, including neochlorogenic acid, kaempferol 3-alpha-D-galactoside, quercetin, hispidulin, caffeic acid, and myricetin, were identified from HRS with UPLC-MS/MS method. Then, over a 25-day experimental period, a total of 100 one-day-old Sichuan Sheldrakes were randomly divided into five groups: control, AFB₁ model, and HRS high (4 g/kg), medium (2 g/kg), and low dosage (1 g/kg) groups. Results indicated that HRS effectively mitigated the negative impact on the productivity, reduced the levels of liver index, AST, ALT, and AST/ALT in serum, increased the levels of serum TP content, and obviously alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, liver fibrosis, and liver steatosis induced by AFB₁. Additionally, HRS enhanced the levels of GST, CAT, and T-AOC, and decreased the levels of MDA and AFB₁-DNA, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and AFB₁-DNA generation caused by AFB₁. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HRS may improve liver injury in AFB₁-chronically poisoned ducklings by regulating the ECM receptor interaction, fatty acid metabolism, cell adhesion molecules, <em>TGF-β</em> signaling pathway, and <em>PPAR</em> signaling pathway. Further RT-qPCR analysis revealed that HRS might downregulate the expression of <em>ASCL4</em> gene by promoting the activation of <em>PPARα</em>, thereby inhibiting the activation of the <em>TGF-β</em> signaling pathway and improving liver steatosis and fibrosis caused by AFB₁ in ducklings. In conclusion, the HRS exhibits hepatoprotective effects against AFB₁-induced chronic toxicity in ducklings by restoring liver function, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and its mechanism of damage resistance may be related to the improvement of liver steatosis and fibrosis in ducklings by inhibiting the <em>PPARα-TGF-β</em> signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 105006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a novel gene site to develop a duplex real-time TaqMan MGB probe PCR method for the SNP detection and differentiation between the MS-H live vaccine strain and wild-type Mycoplasma synoviae strains","authors":"Luru Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Tang ,&nbsp;Weiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoheng Peng ,&nbsp;Lijun Ye ,&nbsp;Yinan Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Liang ,&nbsp;Mingxing Tian ,&nbsp;Yanqing Bao ,&nbsp;Jingjing Qi ,&nbsp;Shaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma synoviae</em> (MS) is a globally prevalent avian pathogen responsible for airsacculitis and synovitis. The temperature-sensitive (ts)+ vaccine strain MS-H, a live attenuated variant, is the most effective and widely used vaccine for controlling infections in the poultry industry. Consequently, accurate detection is essential for a strategy known as differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, we developed a duplex real-time TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probe PCR (The DRTM-probe PCR) method to differentiate the MS-H live vaccine strain from wild-type strains by targeting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the <em>ktrB</em> gene. This gene overcomes the restoration of the genotype of wild-type 86079/7NS in specific regions. With a detection limit of 6.25 copies/μL, the DRTM-probes PCR method demonstrates a good specificity in distinguishing in one hour. For simulated clinical samples, the method achieved over 95 % sequence identity with reference fragments, confirming its accuracy. The established DRTM-probe PCR method offers a specific, rapid, and reliable approach for SNP detection with significant application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 105011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow reveals the immune response mechanisms of lymphocytes under avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection","authors":"Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruyu Liao ,&nbsp;Lecheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Tan ,&nbsp;Keyun Xu ,&nbsp;Haiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Qigui Wang ,&nbsp;Yongju Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhifu Cui ,&nbsp;Xi Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) can induce tumorigenesis and immune suppression by acting on lymphocytes in the bone marrow. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to analyze chicken bone marrow lymphocytes under Avian Leukosis Virus subtype J (ALV-J) infection. Using subgroup-specific marker genes and cell state analysis, we identified 18 distinct cell clusters, including 8 T cell clusters, 2 B cell clusters, 5 tumor-like cell clusters, and 3 unidentified clusters. Gene expression analysis revealed that in the 10 T/B lymphocyte clusters, the differentially expressed genes in double-positive T cells, B1-like B cells, and cytotoxic T cells were highly enriched in pathways related to viral infection and immune response. These three cell populations exhibited high proportions and significant changes after infection, suggesting a strong immune response to ALV-J infection. Additionally, during ALV-J infection, the proportion of regulatory T cells and <em>CTLA4</em> T cells increased, while immune suppressive factors <em>TGFB1</em> and <em>IL16</em> were highly expressed across the cell populations, indicating an immune-suppressive state in bone marrow lymphocytes. Moreover, ALV-J infected all cell populations; however, within the same cluster, only a fraction of the cells expressed ALV-J viral genes. Notably, in all cells expressing ALV-J viral genes, the \"Rho family GTPase signaling pathway\" associated with antiviral responses was activated. The Rho family, which is a key regulator of cytoskeletal reorganization and cell polarity, also plays a critical role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Further analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software predicted key upstream regulators of immune response, such as <em>MYC</em> and <em>MCYN</em>. In conclusion, this study identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in immune responses of different lymphocyte subpopulations triggered by ALV-J infection in bone marrow. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms in ALV-J-infected bone marrow lymphocytes and provide insights for discovering breeding loci for ALV-J resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 104995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}