Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Daidzein-betaine cocrystal alleviates high-energy and low-protein diet induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through gut-liver axis.","authors":"Yanling Sun, Tiantian Wang, Yu Zhang, Ning Ma, Xinghua Zhao, Xin He","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) severely endangers the health and productivity of laying hens, marked by hepatic steatosis and impaired lipid metabolism. Daidzein-betaine cocrystal improves lipid metabolism in the diet-induced obesity mice. We investigated the effects of daidzein-betaine cocrystal diet on production performance, egg quality, intestinal injury, cecal microbiota, the metabolites of intestinal microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism in FLHS laying hens. A total of 108 twenty-eight-week-old laying hens were allocated to 6 treatments: the control group (normal diet), model group (high-energy and low-protein (HELP) diet), daidzein group (200 mg/kg daidzein + HELP diet), betaine group (184.62 mg/kg betaine + HELP diet), physical mixture group (384.62 mg/kg physical mixture + HELP diet) and daidzein-betaine cocrystal group (384.62 mg/kg daidzein-betaine cocrystal + HELP diet). The findings showed that intake of daidzein, betaine, physical mixture and daidzein-betaine cocrystal effectively alleviated the disordered lipid metabolism in laying hens fed a HELP diet. Moreover, daidzein-betaine cocrystal was best supplement in the improvement of the lipid metabolism. The daidzein-betaine cocrystal modulated the dysbiosis induced by HELP-diet through reducing the abundance of Desulfovibrio and increasing the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, whereas enhancing β-diversity of the gut microbiome, to restore equilibrium. Fecal metabolomics analysis showed that the indicators related to the 6 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) of lipid metabolism were improved. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism. DAMs and DEGs were mainly co-enriched in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. To sum up, our results showed that dietary daidzein-betaine cocrystal could alleviate hepatic metabolic disorders associated with FLHS in laying hens by regulating the \"gut-liver axis\". This highlights the significant potential of the daidzein-betaine cocrystal as a therapeutic agent for counteracting the impacts of a HELP diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: a novel framework for investigating chronic intestinal stressors in commercial broiler chickens","authors":"Christos Gougoulias ,&nbsp;Alireza Khadem ,&nbsp;Joan Torrent","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional experimental models typically fail to capture the multifactorial stressors present in commercial environments, limiting their ecological validity. This study introduces a novel model designed to replicate cumulative production pressures by integrating mini-pens within an operational broiler house and applying bacterial enteritis (BE) scores and total mean lesion scores (TMLS) for <em>Eimeria spp.</em> as intestinal health indicators at fixed time points (days 21 and 28), where birds were subjected to a diet rich in non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) without enzyme supplementation to induce chronic intestinal stress (CS). Performance metrics and intestinal health indicators (BE and TMLS scores) were compared across three environments: CS birds, a conventional production farm and a controlled research facility (the birds in the latter two were fed a standard corn/soybean diet). At day 35, birds in the CS setup were significantly lighter (1.999 kg) and less efficient (feed conversion:1.642) than the research facility birds, representing perhaps the maximum genetic potential (2.751 kg, feed conversion: 1.268). Bacterial enteritis scores at day 21 were highest in the CS group (3.75), compared to the Research Farm (2.25) and Production Farm (2.12), but in line with industry-reported dysbiosis levels. However, and interestingly, the relative reduction between day 21 and day 28 was similar only between the CS and the PF (∼12 %) but pronounced in the RF group (56 %), likely reflecting the absence of cumulative stressors under typical research conditions. Total microscopic lesion scores (TMLS) remained low overall, although they were slightly elevated in CS at both days 21 (1.38) and 28 (1.12), relative to the conventional Production Farm (0.63 and 0.38 at days 21 and 28, respectively). Histological analysis showed no significant differences in villus-to-crypt ratios between CS and the conventional production farm, suggesting physiological comparability. Thus, the CS model successfully captured realistic subclinical gut stress, bridging the gap between laboratory conditions and commercial practices. It provides an ecologically valid platform for evaluating nutritional and management interventions targeting gut health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic fatty acid profile and gut microbiome responses of ducks induced by dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio.","authors":"Zhi Cao, Laidi Wang, Yang Zhang, Guobin Chang, Guohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimizing the dietary fatty acid profile has been recognized as an effective strategy for improving meat quality traits in poultry. The present study aimed to investigate how different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios influence hepatic fatty acid composition and gut microbiota in ducks, and to identify key microorganisms involved in gut-liver axis regulation. In this study, Runzhou white-crowned ducks were used as a model to explore the effects of dietary n-3 PUFAs content on liver fatty acid composition and intestinal microbiota, and to screen out key microorganisms that mediate gut-liver axis signaling. A total of 112 28-day old Runzhou white- crowned ducks fed with 2 types of diets (with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios of 1.97 and 17.37) were randomly divided into 2 treatments with 4 replications (14 ducks per replication) for 28 days. A low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly increased hepatic n-3 PUFA levels (P < 0.05) while reducing n-6 PUFA synthesis. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation altered the microbial composition in both the cecum and colon. It also supported intestinal development by maintaining villus structure and overall gut integrity. At the genus level, Bacteroides were enriched in the cecum (P < 0.05), whereas in the colon, n-3 PUFA increased Campylobacter abundance and reduced Pseudomonas. Using a random forest model, 20 and 50 key microbial taxa were identified in the cecal and colonic communities, respectively. Integration with Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong associations between hepatic n-3 PUFA levels and microbial changes. Notably, Caecibacterium_sporoformans showed a positive correlation with multiple n-3 PUFAs, and its abundance in both the cecum and colon increased significantly (P < 0.05). In summary, a low dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio promoted hepatic n-3 PUFA accumulation, reshaped gut microbial communities, and supported intestinal health, highlighting the gut-liver axis as a key pathway for nutritional regulation in ducks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal alterations in skeletal muscle fiber composition of myostatin-knockout chickens","authors":"Si Eun Kim ,&nbsp;Heesu Jeong ,&nbsp;Ismail Shaleh ,&nbsp;Soo Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Gap-don Kim ,&nbsp;Tae Sub Park","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a previous study, we identified a hypermuscular phenotype attributed to both muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy in <em>myostatin</em> (<strong><em>MSTN</em></strong>)-knockout (<strong>KO</strong>) chickens generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (<strong>CRISPR-Cas9</strong>) technology. In mammals, <em>MSTN</em> deletion results in increased production of fast glycolytic fibers, accompanied by decreased production of slow oxidative fibers. However, the effects of <em>MSTN</em> deletion on muscle fiber types have rarely been studied in avian species such as chickens. In this study, we analyzed muscle fibers in chickens at various ages to investigate whether <em>MSTN</em> deletion alters muscle fiber composition after hatching. Immunofluorescence and histochemical staining, including ATPase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen–tetrazolium reductase (<strong>NADH–TR</strong>) staining, were performed on <em>biceps femoris</em> (<strong>BF</strong>) tissues of wild-type (<strong>WT</strong>) and <em>MSTN</em>-KO chickens at hatching and at 10 and 18 weeks. BF muscle fibers were classified into three types (1, 2A, and 2B). <em>MSTN</em>-KO chickens produced more muscle fibers than did WT chickens at all ages. Fiber hypertrophy was not observed in <em>MSTN</em>-KO chickens at hatching, but was detected in all fiber types at 10 and 18 weeks. Compared to WT chickens, there was a significant decrease in Type 1 fibers and an increase in Type 2B fibers in the BF tissues of <em>MSTN</em>-KO chickens, whereas the amount of Type 2A fibers remained unchanged. Furthermore, <em>MSTN</em> deletion led to upregulated expression of genes in the glycolytic pathway and <em>MyoD</em> in skeletal muscles. Thus, <em>MSTN</em> deletion altered muscle fiber composition in chickens, inducing Type 2B fiber dominance and hyperplasia during the embryonic stage, whereas muscle hypertrophy due to nutritional uptake became predominant after hatching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"Article 105863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: The application and challenges of advanced detection technologies in poultry farming.","authors":"Weiqin Fan, Hui Peng, Diqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, poultry breeding management is undergoing a critical transition from traditional manual practices to intelligent and automated systems. Intelligent detection technologies have appeared as a key driver for enhancing breeding efficiency and sustainability. This review focuses on the application of computer vision (CV), infrared thermography (IRT), radio frequency identification (RFID), and sound analysis technology (SAT) within modern poultry farming systems. Multi-technology integration proves considerable potential in key areas such as monitoring poultry behavior, detecting early-stage diseases, assessing semen quality, evaluating egg quality, and regulating rearing environments. However, challenges such as environmental interference, limited algorithm generalizability, lack of data standardization, and high equipment costs persist in practical applications. Future advancements need multimodal data integration, lightweight model development, standardized ecosystem construction, and ethical considerations for animal welfare. Continuous innovation in intelligent sensing technologies will drive the advancement of precision-based and efficiency-oriented poultry breeding systems, significantly improving production efficiency while reducing operational costs, thereby offering substantial promise for bolstering global food security and sustainable livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature-driven optimization for growth and mortality prevention in poultry farms.","authors":"Suhendra, Hao-Ting Lin, Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi, Asmida Herawati","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry sector faces ongoing challenges in reducing mortality and improving growth performance under variable environmental and operational conditions. To address this, we developed and implemented a feature-driven optimization model to predict two key indicators: mortality and average weight (AvgWeight), based on five input variables-day, temperature, humidity, feed consumption, and water consumption. An 88-day dataset from over 20,000 Taiwan native broilers was preprocessed through outlier removal, normalization, and interpolation. Five machine learning models-Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression, and Neural Network (NN)-were initially evaluated. The baseline NN demonstrated superior multi-output accuracy and was further refined into three variants. Among them, the Ensemble NN-comprising five parallel networks-achieved RMSEs of 0.45 (Mortality) and 0.02 (AvgWeight), with Coefficient of Variation of RMSE values of 3.42 % and 1.62 %, respectively. Feature importance and sensitivity analyses identified \"Day\" as the most influential predictor for Mortality (importance: 20.391; sensitivity: 42.513), followed by feed (12.785; 13.285) and water (11.426; 13.648) consumption, while environmental variables had less impact under stable housing. Integrated into a MATLAB-based application, this intelligent system enables \"what-if\" scenario-offering practical decision support for poultry managers. By bridging traditional livestock management with deep learning-based soft sensors, this study contributes a scalable and accurate tool for advancing precision agriculture in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mannan oligosaccharide, Bacillus clausii, and their synbiotic supplementation on growth performance, humoral immunity, intestinal morphology, and ghrelin gene expression in broiler chickens.","authors":"Hanan Al-Khalaifah, Muhammad Mushtaq, Azizullah Khan, Naila Chand, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Muqadar Shah, Asad Sultan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Shabana Naz, Ala Abudabos, Ibrahim A Alhidary","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of a prebiotic (mannan-oligosaccharide, MOS), a probiotic (Bacillus clausii), and their combinations on growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology, and ghrelin gene expression in broiler chickens. Two hundred fifty day-old Hubbard chicks were randomly allotted to five treatments (control, prebiotic, probiotic, Combo-I 50:50, Combo-II 100:100), each with five replicates of 10 birds. Combo-II supplementation improved body-weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the starter (p = 0.0256 and 0.0428), grower (p = 0.0425 and 0.0483), and finisher phases (all p < 0.05). Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease antibody titers increased (p = 0.0445 and 0.0456) and mortality declined (p = 0.0428) in all supplemented groups, with zero mortality in the probiotic and combination treatments. Serum IgM, IgA, and IgG concentrations were elevated (p < 0.05), and duodenal villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and villus-height/crypt-depth ratio were significantly improved (all p < 0.05) in Combo-II birds. Ghrelin mRNA expression was up-regulated in pancreas and proventriculus (p < 0.05), peaking in Combo-II. These results demonstrate that full-dose prebiotic + probiotic supplementation optimizes broiler growth, immunity, gut morphology, and metabolic gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of patulin on quail muscle cells and the potential for microbiome-mediated recovery","authors":"Jeong woong Park ,&nbsp;Hana Kim ,&nbsp;Seon-Ae Choi ,&nbsp;Hak Kyo Lee ,&nbsp;Dong Hyun Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycotoxins pose a significant threat to livestock health and productivity by compromising immunity and inducing various toxicities. This study investigated the potential of specific <em>Bacillus</em> strains to mitigate mycotoxin-induced muscle damage in poultry cells. We treated quail muscle clone 7 (QM7<strong>)</strong> muscle cells with patulin, a common mycotoxin, to induce cellular injury. Subsequently, the damaged QM7 cells were treated with the candidate microbial strains, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. velezensis</em>. Our findings revealed that patulin treatment elevated stress-inducible gene expression and apoptosis markers, concurrently disrupting normal myoblast differentiation, as evidenced by altered expression patterns of Paired Box 7 (<em>PAX7</em>) and Myogenic Differentiation 1 (<em>MyoD</em>) and impaired myotube formation. Notably, treatment with the <em>Bacillus</em> strains significantly reduced these negative effects, reducing stress and apoptosis indicators while promoting a different pattern of myotube development. Although the exact mechanism of muscle recovery warrants further functional assessment, our results highlight the potential of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. velezensis</em> as agents for mitigating mycotoxin-induced damage in poultry, and offer novel strategies for enhancing animal health and agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial patterns analysis of clinical samples from free-range chickens raised in forest farms in Zhouqu county of Gansu Province, China","authors":"Hanyurwumutima Egide ,&nbsp;Jingyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Guowei Xu ,&nbsp;Kang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanping Yang ,&nbsp;Guolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Niyokwishimira Alfred ,&nbsp;Gufe Claudious ,&nbsp;Xueyan Gu ,&nbsp;Zhiting Guo ,&nbsp;Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianxi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, and resistant pathogens such as <em>Escherichia</em> coli (<em>E. coli</em>)<em>, Salmonella enterica</em>, and <em>Shigella flexner</em>i are acquired by humans through the food chain. AMR in poultry pathogens threatens both animal and public health, yet data on AMR in free-range systems, particularly forest-farmed chickens in understudied regions like Zhouqu County, China, remain scarce, poorly understood, and hinder targeted interventions. This study investigated bacterial and AMR prevalence in such a chicken-raising system to guide sustainable farming strategies. A total of 1,315 clinical samples, including oropharyngeal swabs (n=280), cloacal swabs (n=355), fresh feces (n=535), and intestinal contents (n=145), were collected from seven free-range farms experiencing severe health issues. Bacterial prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assessed using standardized bacterial culture, the VITEK 2 system, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion tests, and PCR assays. The most prevalent isolates were <em>E. coli</em> (14.52%), followed by <em>Shigella flexneri</em> (6.54%) and <em>Salmonella enterica</em> (4.94%). Antibiogram analysis revealed that <em>E. coli</em> exhibited (100%) resistance to oxytetracycline, ceftiofur, and ampicillin, with high resistance rates to doxycycline (94.76%), neomycin (85.34%), and tylosin (61.78%). <em>Shigella flexner</em>i showed high resistance to neomycin (66.28%), oxytetracycline (61.63%), and penicillin (58.14%), while <em>Salmonella enterica</em> displayed resistance to neomycin (66.15%) and oxytetracycline (61.54%). Among the isolates, multidrug resistance (MDR) accounted for 27.27% of the total isolates. These findings highlight the high prevalence of AMR among <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Shigella flexneri</em> in free-range poultry farms, posing a critical concern for poultry health, productivity, and food safety. The study underscores the urgent need for stakeholder awareness and intervention strategies to mitigate infectious diseases and curb the emergence and spread of AMR in poultry farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the differentiation of five Fowl adenovirus species (A to E): Application to field surveillance","authors":"HyeSoon Song ,&nbsp;HyeonSu Kim ,&nbsp;JiYe Kim,&nbsp;Moon Her,&nbsp;HyeRyoung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is non‐enveloped, icosahedral DNA virus that cause significant economic losses in poultry by inducing inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis‐hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and gizzard erosion (GE) via both horizontal and vertical transmission. FAdV comprises five species (A-E) and twelve serotypes (1-7, 8a, 8b, and 9-11 ) that frequently co‐circulate within flocks, making early and accurate detection essential for effective control. Here, we have developed a single‐tube multiplex PCR assay targeting conserved regions of the <em>fiber</em> and <em>penton base</em> genes, capable of simultaneously detecting all five FAdV species with a sensitivity of 25 copies/tube. When applied to 125 field strains from 79 naturally FAdV-infected cases, the assay achieved 100 % concordance with singleplex PCR and Sanger sequencing. At the infection level, infection profiling showed 53.2 % single‐species cases, 36.7 % dual‐species co‐infections, 8.9 % triple‐species infections, and 1.3 % quadruple‐species infections, with FAdV-D /E co‐infections most prevalent. At the strain level, FAdV‐E (34.4 %) was the most common, followed by D (31.2 %), B (20.0 %), C (8.0 %), and A (6.4 %). Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences of the <em>fiber, penton base</em>, and <em>hexon</em> genes confirmed species‐specific clustering perfectly aligned with the multiplex PCR results. Taken together, this rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost‐effective assay represents a powerful tool, providing a foundation for improved management and control of adenoviral diseases in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"Article 105856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}