Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Dietary supplementary with soya saponins alleviates the poor intestinal health of broilers challenged with coccidia via reshaping the structure of the intestinal microbiota.","authors":"Peng Li, Shaochen Han, Wenhui Shi, Mengjun Wu, Shuangshuang Guo, Bingying Ding, Yongqing Hou, Dan Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soya saponins (SS) have the ability to improve the intestinal microbiota and enhance intestinal immune function. While, there are few reports on their application in broiler production. The present study was designed to investigate effects of dietary supplementary with SS on the intestinal health of birds challenged with coccidia (CC). 180 male and healthy Cobb 500 broiler chickens with unifrom body weight were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, those groups were named as the control group (CTR), the coccidia challenged group (CC), and the SS treated group challenged with CC (SS+CC). There were 6 replicates in each group, and 10 birds in each replicate. Birds in the CTR and CC group were fed with the basic diet, and birds in the SS+CC group were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg SS. The animal trial lasted for 21 days, on day 10 and 12, birds in the CC and SS+CC group were challenged with CC, and birds in the CTR group were treated with normal saline, samples were harvested on day 14, and the growth performance from day 1 to day 10 as well as from day 1 to day 21 were recorded. Outcomes showed that the body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were descended, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was elevated with CC challenged (P < 0.05). The villi height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) in jejunum and ileum were decreased with CC challenged, as well as the levels of ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and acetic acid in the ileal chyme (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA level of ileal occludin was down-regulated, the transcriptional levels of ileal IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-1 (Caspase-1), and induced NO synthase (i-NOS) were up-regulated with CC challenged (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementary with SS tended to improve the FCR from day 1 to day 10 (P = 0.06), and was able to alleviated the above-mentioned negative effects induced by CC. Interestingly, dietary supplementary with SS contributed to reshaping the structure of the intestinal microbiota, specifically, reshaping the abnormal changes in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Romboutsia in the ileal chyme challenged with CC (P < 0.05). It was worth mentioning that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the ileal chyme, and it of Romboutsia was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of ileal IL-8, IFN-γ, Caspase-1, and i-NOS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementary with SS alleviated the poor intestinal health of broilers caused by CC via reshaping the structure of the intestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyric and valeric glycerides blend prevents adverse impacts of coccidiosis challenge in broiler chickens","authors":"Sm Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon ,&nbsp;Alip Kumar ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Shu-Biao Wu ,&nbsp;Kosar Gharib-Naseri","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic acids are well known for their antibacterial and antifungal effects, but their potential efficacy against coccidian parasites remains underexplored. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a butyric and valeric glyceride blend <strong>(BVg)</strong> in mitigating the adverse impacts of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. A total of 960 mixed-sex d-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments with 12 replicates, each containing 16 birds. The five treatments were: non-challenged control <strong>(NC)</strong>; coccidiosis challenged control <strong>(CC)</strong>; CC+ BVg (<strong>BV</strong>; 500, 500, and 250 g/ton in the starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively); CC + anticoccidial salinomycin, 60 g/t <strong>(AntS)</strong>; and CC + salinomycin + BVg <strong>(ABV)</strong>. Coccidiosis challenge was induced on d9 via oral gavage with <em>Eimeria</em> spp. Performance parameters were determined on days 8, 19, 28 and 35. Lesion scoring and ileal digesta sampling was performed on d16 and excreta samples were collected on d20 for oocyst enumeration. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test to separate means was applied to normally distributed data, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data that did not meet the normality assumption. The results showed that BVg supplementation significantly improved feed conversion ratio <strong>(FCR)</strong> during starter (d0-8), grower (d8-19) and overall study (d0-35) periods compared to the CC group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). BVg supplementation also numerically improved flock uniformity and significantly reduced oocyst counts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and duodenal lesions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to the CC group. Additionally, BVg inclusion shifted hock burn lesions and tibia length values from the CC group towards the NC and ABV groups, respectively. These findings suggest that BVg may offer a promising nutritional strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of coccidiosis, reducing oocyst loads and gut lesions, while supporting the feed efficiency and hock burn lesions of broiler chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green banana resistant starch as a candidate prebiotic in poultry diets: Mechanisms, limitations, and prospects.","authors":"Caven M Mnisi, Siphosethu R Dibakoane, Beautiful I Mpofu, Indibabale Kumalo, Karabo Sekano, Godfrey Mhlongo, Obiro C Wokadala, Victor Mlambo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing concerns over antimicrobial resistance and the presence of antibiotic residues in poultry products have led to widespread restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This shift has intensified the search for effective alternatives to maintain poultry health and productivity. Probiotics have emerged as one such alternative; however, their efficacy when used alone remains inconsistent across production settings. To overcome these limitations, synbiotics, combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, have gained attention due to their potential to deliver more consistent outcomes. In synbiotic formulations, prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial gut microbes, thereby enhancing probiotic colonization and functionality. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that resist host enzymatic degradation and are fermented by commensal gut microbiota, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and improved gut health. In poultry, prebiotics contribute to enhanced nutrient utilization, immune modulation, improved performance, and overall bird welfare, while also promoting sustainable production. Identifying accessible, cost-effective, and functional prebiotic candidates is therefore essential. One such promising candidate is green banana resistant starch (GBRS), which warrants critical evaluation as a potential prebiotic for poultry. Despite its promising functional properties, the application of GBRS in poultry nutrition remains underexplored. Existing studies have predominantly focused on rodent and human models, with limited translational research in the avian species. This systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on the physicochemical characteristics of GBRS, elucidates its potential mechanisms of action as a gut function modulator, evaluates available in vivo evidence, and critically assesses its limitations and practical prospects as a prebiotic in poultry production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression-based determination of cumin seed as a natural growth promoter in japanese quail","authors":"Mehran Mehri ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghazaghi ,&nbsp;Morteza Asghari-Moghadam ,&nbsp;Hamid-Reza Behboodi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rokouei","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of dietary cumin seed (CS) supplementation on the growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail chicks from 7 to 28 days of age. A total of 375 quail chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments consisting of 0.0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg CS, with five replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Results revealed that feed intake tended to be decreased by increasing CS (<em>P</em> = 0.133), whereas body weight gain increased linearly with CS inclusion, showing significant improvement compared with control (<em>P</em> = 0.017). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) exhibited a significant quadratic response, but overall differences among treatments were not significant (<em>P</em> = 0.117). Carcass traits were generally not influenced by CS, although breast meat yield tended to improve with increasing CS levels (<em>P</em> = 0.073). Regression analyses using various polynomial and broken-line models estimated the optimum dietary cumin seed inclusion to range between 21 and 35 g/kg diet for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency. Breast meat yield optimization was predicted at approximately 25 to 29 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of cumin seed can enhance growth performance in Japanese quail, with an optimal inclusion level estimated near 25 to 35 g/kg of diet. These findings provide guidance for using cumin seed as a natural growth promoter to improve productive efficiency in quail production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cecal bacterial communities and lung immunity in layers fed omega-3 fatty acids or yeast bioactives under different space allowance.","authors":"Paul Kibaba Waliaula, Xinhua Yin, Dion Lepp, Lindsey Clairmont, Elijah G Kiarie, Moussa S Diarra","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry-rearing environment and diet can influence gut microbiota and immunity. However, the long-term effects of early-life nutritional interventions on gut heath in layers under various spacing allowances (SA) are not well understood. This study investigated how early-life dietary yeast bioactives (YB) or co-extruded full-fat flaxseed, a source of omega-3 fatty acids (N-3 FA), from placement to 16 weeks of age (woa) influenced the development of cecal microbiota and immune function in Lohmann LSL Lite pullets reared under different SA, with follow-up to 72 woa. The experiment involved 2,832 newly hatched chicks reared in an enriched cage system under high (HSA, 348 cm²/bird) or low (LSA, 284 cm²/bird) SA and fed either control diet (C), C + 3 % N-3 FA, or C + 0.05 % YB. Ceca were sampled at 4, 8, 16, 35, and 72 woa for bacterial plate counts, 16S rRNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification. Lungs were analyzed for immune gene expression. At 4 and 16 woa, β-diversity (P = 0.01) revealed dissimilarity between the bacterial communities of birds under HSA and LSA groups. High Bacteroides abundances, propionic and iso-butyric acids concentrations were observed in LSA at both sampling points (P<0.05). At 16 woa, the highest and lowest n-butyrate concentrations were noted in N-3 FA- and control-fed birds, respectively (P < 0.05), regardless of SA. Barnesiellaceae positively correlated with n-valeric and acetic acid in N-3 FA-fed birds at 4 woa. In YB-fed pullets, Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae showed a positive correlation with n-butyric acid. In the lungs, about 15 genes, including IL1β,IL2, and IL8, were differentially expressed depending on SA and diets (P<0.05). Early dietary YB or N-3 FA under different SA modulated cecal bacterial community diversity and structure, SCFA profiles, and enhanced lung immune responses in layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of auditory enrichment on Pekin duck production and welfare.","authors":"J M Schober, G Ayres, G Chambers, E Stuart, B Peterson, J Curry, G S Fraley","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have looked at the effects of auditory enrichment on the production and welfare of poultry species, while none have looked at Pekin ducks specifically. We utilized 400 grow-out Pekin ducks obtained on day-of-hatch from a commercial hatchery and evenly and randomly placed into 4 pens in 3 rooms. Each room was randomly assigned one of three audio treatments: control (CON; no auditory enrichment), classical music (MOZ; Mozart's String Quintets) or pond sounds (POND; Pond Sounds - Relaxator on Apple Music®). Ducks were housed to closely approximate industry standards for density with30 ducks/pen. The POND and MOZ audio started on week 1 (day 7) and were played starting at 0300h (lights on) until 2100h (lights off) one hour on, one hour off, in a cyclic manner with a range of 65-75dB. Body condition scores were taken on 10 birds/pen/week (final N=80 ducks/treatment/week) using a published rubric. Production data were collected weekly. On weeks 2, 4, and 6, two ducks/pen were euthanized using pentobarbital and organ and body weights were recorded (final N=16 ducks/treatment/week). Body condition scores were analyzed using the PROC LOGISTIC procedure (SAS v9.4) and odds ratios were calculated. All other data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS v9.4) and Tukey's test for post-hoc analyses. A p≤0.05 was considered significant. The study was repeated, resulting in experiment 1 and experiment 2. For experiment 1, no significant differences were observed among groups for weekly body weights, dissection measures, or FCR. For experiment 2, ducks in the MOZ group weighed less than ducks in the POND (p=0.0010) and CON groups (p=0.0109). MOZ ducks had worse feather cleanliness scores, worse foot pad scores, and worse feather quality scores than POND and CON ducks. These present differing results, so future research is needed to fully understand how different auditory enrichment affects the production and welfare of Pekin ducks under more specific flock conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty-one degrees celsius enhances proliferation of chicken muscle satellite cells via mechanistic target of rapamycin activation and mitochondrial metabolism","authors":"Dongjin Yu ,&nbsp;Leecheon Kim ,&nbsp;Jongryun Kim ,&nbsp;Junseok Ban ,&nbsp;Kwanseob Shim ,&nbsp;Darae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chicken muscle satellite cells (<strong>CMSCs</strong>) possess a self-renewal capacity and myogenic differentiation potential, making them valuable cellular resources for cultured meat production. Enhancing the proliferation rate of CMSCs is essential to improve production efficiency, and cellular proliferation is highly sensitive to changes in the culture temperature. Generally, the standard culture temperature for most cells is 37 °C. however, this does not reflect the physiological body temperature of chickens. In this study, we cultured CMSCs at 37, 39, 41, and 43 °C to determine the optimal temperature for proliferation and investigate the metabolic responses of cells under these conditions. Cell counting and CCK8 assays revealed that CMSCs cultured at 41 °C exhibited a significantly higher proliferation rate than those cultured at other temperatures. Furthermore, compared to the 37 °C control group, cells cultured at 41 °C showed enhanced mitochondrial function and increased adenosine triphosphate (<strong>ATP</strong>) production, accompanied by the upregulation of genes associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (<strong>mTOR</strong>) signaling pathway. Although reactive oxygen species (<strong>ROS</strong>) generation was elevated at 41 °C, no significant change in the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1(<strong>SOD1</strong>) was observed, and the expression of Catalase decreased. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the expression of apoptotic pathway-related factors. These findings suggest that 41 °C is the optimal temperature for promoting the proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism of CMSCs, providing insights into the optimization of culture conditions for cultured meat production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"Article 105875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of spirulina powder (Arthrospira platensis) enhances growth, antioxidant status, immune function, and cardiac health in Japanese quails.","authors":"Arezoo Isazaei, Farzad Bagherzadeh-Kasmani, Mahmoud Ghazaghi, Mehran Mehri, Javid Esfandiari","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina powder) on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and lipid metabolism in Japanese quails. A total of 600 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with five replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments included a control group (basal diet with no additive) and three experimental groups supplemented with 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg/kg of Spirulina powder, respectively. Growth performance, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and immune responses were assessed between days 7 and 35. Results demonstrated that Spirulina supplementation linearly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and catalase) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle (P < 0.001). Relative weights of immune organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen) increased significantly, and serum immunoglobulins (IgY, IgM, IgA) were elevated in Spirulina-fed groups, showing predominantly linear and occasionally quadratic responses. Innate immunity markers including complement C3, interleukin-10, and lysozyme also increased. Furthermore, Spirulina supplementation decreased serum LDL and improved HDL concentrations and the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Spirulina powder exerted clear linear and, in some cases, quadratic dose-dependent effects on growth, antioxidant defense, immune responses, and lipid metabolism in Japanese quails, supporting its potential as a functional feed additive in poultry nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the ramp use of cage-free laying hens with deep learning technologies.","authors":"Bidur Paneru, Xiao Yang, Anjan Dhungana, Samin Dahal, Casey W Ritz, Woo Kim, Tianming Liu, Lilong Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mislaid eggs are management and economic challenges in Cage-free (CF) housing systems, producing about 10-15 % floor eggs, although approximately 40 % of table egg laying hens are now in CF production systems. Ramps may ease the use of nesting boxes by minimizing physical extension to hens, thereby reducing floor eggs, and increasing the number of eggs laid in the nest box. The objective of our study was to develop a deep learning method for monitoring hens' ramp use and the potential impact of ramp access to the nest box on the number of floor eggs and the number of eggs laid in the nest boxes. A total of 600 Lohmann LSL Lite hens were raised from day 1 to 413 in three identical research rooms (7.3 m L × 6.1 m W × 3 m H) following the Lohmann LSL Lite management guide. Each study room had four nest boxes placed at the four corners of the room. Two nest boxes were provided with ramp access (R), and two nest boxes had no ramp access (NR) in each study room and were replicated among three study rooms. The ramp use was video recorded at 15 frames per second (fps). We trained two You Only Look Once (YOLO) models, YOLOv5u and YOLO11, object detection models for 200 epochs each. A total of 2,000 images were used for training (70 %), validation (20 %), and testing (10 %) for the model. All models achieved a precision, recall, and mean average precision at 0.50 intersection over union (mAP@0.50) of at least 0.94. YOLO11n(nano) achieved the highest precision (0.9940), recall (0.9934), and mAP@0.50 (0.9848). Our best model provides a baseline for automatic ramp use detection with 0.99 precision. Ramp access did not lower the floor egg production statistically (p = 0.5468). Across bird weeks, ramp access (R) and no ramp access (NR) revealed opposite patterns in floor and nest-box egg production. Ramp access generally resulted in significantly higher floor egg production in several weeks (52, 54, 58), but also produced higher nest-box egg counts in other weeks (49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58), whereas no-ramp access showed more nest-box access in weeks when ramp access floor egg were high (48, 50, 53, 55, 57, 59). Overall, ramp access did not consistently increase or decrease egg laying in either location, but shifted the proportion of eggs between the floor and nest-boxes depending on bird age (week). Future studies are warranted to investigate the effect of ramp use on nesting behavior and floor eggs from egg laying to the end of the laying cycle. Data on floor eggs and nest box eggs with ramp access to the nest box from commercial aviary systems, as well as the CF system, also need to be compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12508830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on broiler production and blood biochemistry in phytase-supplemented diets.","authors":"Qian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Jingcheng Zhang, Shikui Wang, Zhenzhen Wang, Stephane Duval, Aaron J Cowieson","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous publications have reported the detrimental effects of calcium (Ca) over-feeding on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility, but its impact on blood biochemistry related to nutrient metabolism is not clear. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ca and phosphorus (P) on broiler production and blood metabolites in phytase-supplemented diets. A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied, including 3 Ca levels (Low, Medium or High) and 2 non-phytate P (nPP) levels (Marginal or Adequate). The experimental diets were corn-SBM based, and a phytase product (HiPhorius^TM, dsm-firmenich, Switzerland) at 1000 FYT/kg was supplied in all the diets. There were 40 birds/pen and 8 pens/treatment. The results showed significant interactions between Ca and P levels (P < 0.05) during the starter phase: High Ca increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma uric acid compared to Low Ca with Marginal nPP level, while High Ca improved (P < 0.05) tibia ash compared to Low Ca with Adequate nPP level. However, these interactions diminished as birds aged, only significant main effects of Ca level (P < 0.05) were observed on these parameters in the finisher phase. Compared to Low Ca, High Ca showed lower (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) gain and higher (P < 0.05) BW-corrected FCR at 0-42 d of age, higher (P < 0.05) tibia ash and breaking strength, and higher (P < 0.05) plasma uric acid at 43 or 44 d of age. The increase of plasma uric acid with High Ca may indicate a possible competition in the renal system to regulate nitrogen metabolism and Ca/P homeostasis, presumably compromising protein accretion. Additionally, High Ca showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) footpad lesion scores compared to Low Ca, especially with Marginal nPP level. In conclusion, a decrease of dietary Ca may improve growth performance and footpad lesion scores by alleviating renal burden through its hypocalciuretic effect, but this comes at the expense of reduced bone mineralization and breaking strength. Therefore, the dietary Ca level is recommended to be adjusted according to specific production objectives in broiler operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}