Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Multi-mycotoxin occurrence and their risk to poultry health in semi-intensive broiler farms in Kenya","authors":"Jane K Njaramba ,&nbsp;Dishon M Muloi ,&nbsp;Mario V Velde ,&nbsp;Sarah D Saeger ,&nbsp;Eugine L Ibayi ,&nbsp;Arshnee Moodley ,&nbsp;Gunther Antonissen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scarcity of feed ingredients, unregulated feed mills, and limited monitoring of mycotoxin levels in feed increase the risk of mycotoxin exposure for poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined mycotoxins in feed from 122 Kenyan broiler farms and an association between on-farm feed handling practices and mycotoxin levels. Using a validated multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS), all feed samples contained at least one mycotoxin and 93 % (<em>n</em>=113) had &gt;3 mycotoxins. The most prevalent EU-regulated mycotoxins detected were fumonisins (93 %; 79.2 – 1285.3 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (88 %; 96.6 – 2131.2 μg/kg), aflatoxins (34 %; 4.6 – 87.8 μg/kg), and ochratoxin A (4 %; range 14.90 – 59.20 μg/kg). Deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and zearalenone frequently co-occurred in the feed samples. Among the surveyed farms, 33 % (<em>n</em>= 40) were at risk of subclinical exposure to deoxynivalenol, while 14 % and 7 % faced similar risks from total aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively. Univariate analysis found no significant associations between farm-specific feed handling practices and mycotoxin levels in feed. This study found a high co-occurrence of mycotoxin at low to moderate concentrations in compound broiler feed from the selected farms. While these levels pose a potential risk, no direct link to broiler health outcomes was found. Our findings highlight the need for further research to explore the effects of subclinical mycotoxin exposure on broilers and to develop context-specific mycotoxin level guidelines for the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 105008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of chicken breast meat freshness based on hyperspectral imaging technique and high-throughput sequencing","authors":"Xingyu Shen ,&nbsp;Lujuan Xing ,&nbsp;Leiqing Pan ,&nbsp;Yujia Miao ,&nbsp;Wangang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, the hyperspectral imaging technique and the high-throughput sequencing were combined to construct prediction models for the freshness of chicken breast meat. The quality indicators including color, pH, TVC, TVB-N and TBARS were measured to reflect the freshness changes of chicken breast meat under 4 ℃ storage. Meanwhile, spectral images of chicken breast meat were obtained using visible near-infrared (400-1,000 nm) hyperspectral imaging. Through high-throughput sequencing, the major spoilage bacteria including <em>Pseudomonas, Brochothrix</em> and <em>Escherichia</em> were screened out to construct the models for predicting chicken freshness. After spectral preprocessing and characteristic wavelength selection, the prediction models were established using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine (SVM). Among the models, the SNV-PLSR model based on characteristic wavelength for <em>Pseudomonas</em> content (R_p²=0.84, RMSEP=0.38, RPD=3.79) posed stronger predictive and generalization abilities. Therefore, the <em>Pseudomonas</em> count was chosen as a characteristic indicator for establishing an HSI-based prediction model to reflect the freshness of chicken breast meat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 104999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improved egg quality by modulating intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota in post-peak laying hens","authors":"Haojie Gong,&nbsp;Fengjia Liang,&nbsp;Chunyan Cai,&nbsp;Xuemei Ding,&nbsp;Shiping Bai,&nbsp;Keying Zhang,&nbsp;Qiufeng Zeng,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yue Xuan,&nbsp;Shengyu Xu,&nbsp;Xiangbing Mao,&nbsp;Jianping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fermentation product (<strong>SCFP</strong>), a postbiotic feed additive, has potential to improve animal growth and productivity. However, its effects on post-peak laying hens have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of SCFP on production, egg quality, intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota in post-peak laying hens. A total of 600 45-week-old Lohmann pink laying hens were randomly assigned into three treatments, with ten replicates and twenty hens per replicate. The hens were fed either a basal diet (<strong>CON</strong>) or basal diet supplemented with SCFP at 750 mg/kg (<strong>SCFP1</strong>) and 1250 mg/kg (<strong>SCFP2</strong>) for 16 weeks. The results showed no significant effects on the laying performance (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). SCFP supplementation increased Haugh unit, yolk color, albumen height, and eggshell ratio compared to the CON diet(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Hens received SCFP diets exhibited a higher intestinal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of jejunal occludin, zonula occluden-1 (<strong><em>ZO-1</em></strong>), and mucin 2 (<strong><em>MUC-2</em></strong>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, SCFP supplementation increased the concentration of jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A (<strong>SIgA</strong>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin A (<strong>IgA</strong>), IgG, interleukin-10 (<strong>IL-10</strong>), and interferon-γ (<strong>IFN-γ</strong>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, dietary SCFP tended to decrease ovarian cell apoptosis and enhanced antioxidant capacity in laying hens (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared to CON group, the SCFP1 and SCFP2 groups had lower total bacteria and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, higher <em>Lactobacillus</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and a greater abundance of <em>Streptococcus, Pedosphaerales, Christensenellales</em>, and <em>Prevotellaceae</em> in cecum. Significant correlations were observed between egg quality, intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota. In addition, cecal microbial functional prediction indicated that SCFP altered various nutritional metabolism pathways. Dietary SCFP supplementation effectively improved egg quality in post-peak laying hens by modulating intestinal health, ovarian function, and cecal microbiota. Collectively, SCFP could be used as a valuable feed additive for post-peak laying hens, with 1250 mg/kg SCFP showing the better effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 104979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA A2ml2 inhibits fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome progression and function as ceRNA to target LPL by sponging miR-143-5p","authors":"Qingxing Xiao ,&nbsp;Sibao Yang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Ni ,&nbsp;Zongdi Li ,&nbsp;Chengwen Wang ,&nbsp;Wuyang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Han ,&nbsp;Yumei Li ,&nbsp;Yonghong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (<strong>FLHS</strong>) is the most common metabolic diseases in laying hens during the late-laying period, and it causes a significant economic burden on the poultry industry. The competing endogenous RNA plays crucial roles in the occurrence and development of fatty liver. Based on the previously constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks, we selected the axis of ENSGALT00000079786-<em>LPL</em>-miR-143-5p for further study to elucidate its mechanistic role in development of fatty liver. In this study, we identified a novel highly conserved lncRNA (ENSGALT00000079786) in poultry, which we designated as lncRNA A2ml2 based on its chromosomal location. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (<strong>FISH</strong>) revealed that lncRNA A2ml2 was localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the targeted relationship between lncRNA A2ml2, miR-143-5p, and the <em>LPL</em> gene. To further analyze the lncRNA A2ml2 and miR-143-5p function, lncRNA A2ml2 overexpression vector was successfully constructed and transfected into Leghorn male hepatocellular <strong>(LMH</strong>) cells, which could remarkably inhibit cellular lipid deposition was detected by oil red staining (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), the opposite occurred for miR-143-5p (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). qPCR demonstrated an inverse correlation between miR-143-5p expression and lncRNA A2ml2 expression, and confirmed that miR-143-5p directly target lncRNA A2ml2. Similarly, we found an inverse correlation between expression of <em>LPL</em> and the expression of miR-143-5p. To further investigate the interactions among these three factors and their effects on cellular lipid metabolism, we assessed the expression levels of <em>LPL</em> by co-transfecting lncRNA A2ml2 with miR-143-5p mimic and miR-143-5p mimic binding site mutants. Co-transfection experiments showed that miR-143-5p diminished the promoting effect of lncRNA A2ml2 on <em>LPL</em>. Meanwhile, miR-143-5p has the capacity to mitigate the suppressive impact of lncRNA A2ml2 overexpression on lipid accumulation in LMH cells. The results revealed that lncRNA A2ml2 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation through negatively regulating miR-143-5p and enhancing <em>LPL</em> expression in LMH cells. Our findings offer novel insights into ceRNA-mediated in FLHS and identify a novel lncRNA as a potential molecular biomarker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 105003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How concerned should we be about broiler breeder fertility declines?","authors":"Cara Cash,&nbsp;Kolton Witherspoon,&nbsp;Giridhar Athrey","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broiler breeder fertility is the bedrock on which modern broiler production rests. Over the last decade, fertility and hatchability issues have emerged as key topics of interest for both breeders and producers. In this study, we took an analytical approach to interrogate declining fertility trends among U.S. broiler breeders from 2013 to 2022, leveraging data from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Despite an increase in the number of eggs set and broilers raised to meet the rising demand for poultry, projections indicate that hatchability rates could decrease to approximately 60 % by 2050 without corrective action. Our Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis reveals significant declines in essential production metrics, including hatchability, chick livability, and production efficiency. The analysis also includes 95 % credible intervals that confirm a persistent downward trend across these parameters. We developed the Broiler Breeder Performance Index (BBPI) to deepen our understanding of these trends, utilizing both Gaussian and Cauchy models to evaluate predictive performance. The BBPI projections suggest a decline below baseline values over time, underscoring the urgent need for interventions to counteract the fertility crisis in the broiler industry. Several factors contribute to this decline, including management practices and genetic selection strategies. Effective flock management techniques, such as sex-separate feeding and careful weight monitoring, are vital for improving reproductive viability among broiler breeders. Our findings highlight the necessity of addressing these fertility issues to ensure the long-term sustainability of U.S. poultry production. As the global demand for poultry meat grows, the poultry industry faces significant challenges in maintaining productivity. By pinpointing the causes of fertility decline and implementing effective management strategies, stakeholders can better navigate the complexities of poultry production and contribute to food security. This study aims to draw attention to the urgency of addressing broiler breeder fertility issues. It encourages further research into solutions that can enhance reproductive performance across various genetic stocks in the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 104992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of a novel recombinant GI-19 infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northeastern China","authors":"Zhe Zeng ,&nbsp;Lun Yao ,&nbsp;Helong Feng ,&nbsp;Zichen Wang ,&nbsp;Liren Jiang ,&nbsp;Haojie Wang ,&nbsp;Chengli Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Shang ,&nbsp;Hongcai Wang ,&nbsp;Huabin Shao ,&nbsp;Guoyuan Wen ,&nbsp;Qingping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 1980s, despite vaccination, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection rate in commercial broilers and layers in China has continued to rise significantly, causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, an IBV strain was isolated from a layer farm in northeast China and named CK/CH/LN/2302. The whole genome sequence analysis revealed that CK/CH/LN/2302 shared a high level of homology (96.41%) with the GI-19 strain SC/SDL/19. The phylogenetic tree based on the S1 gene indicates that CK/CH/LN/2302 belongs to the GI-19 lineage. Notably, recombination analysis using RDP5 and SimPlot software suggested that the GI-19 strain and a 4/91-like strain likely contributed to four recombination events in the CK/CH/LN/2302 genome. Phylogenetic analysis of these four regions further supported this conclusion. Protein structure analysis revealed that most of the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2), main protease (M^pro), S1, and 5a protein regions were replaced by sequences from the 4/91-like strain. After infecting 1-day-old SPF chickens, CK/CH/LN/2302 presented a mortality rate as high as 60%. Higher viral loads were detected in tissues such as the larynx, trachea, lungs, duodenum, jejunum and kidneys, indicating the multitissue tropism of this strain. Neutralization assay results revealed that the serum from 28-day-old commercial chickens immunized with the H120 vaccine was unable to effectively neutralize CK/CH/LN/2302. Compared with the S1 subunit of H120, CK/CH/LN/2302 demonstrated conformational changes, particularly in the hypervariable regions (HVRs), which may facilitate immune evasion. The genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of CK/CH/LN/2302 highlight the ongoing evolution of GI-19 IBV strains in China, emphasizing the urgent need for appropriate control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 104985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with a polyherbal based product on sporozoites viability and on growth performance, lesion score, gut permeability, oocyst shedding count, tight junction, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant enzyme in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp","authors":"Jihwan Lee ,&nbsp;Hanseo Ko ,&nbsp;Doyun Goo ,&nbsp;Milan Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Guanchen Liu ,&nbsp;Hanyi Shi ,&nbsp;Deependra Paneru ,&nbsp;Venkata Sesha Reddy Choppa ,&nbsp;Brecht Maertens ,&nbsp;Cinta Sol ,&nbsp;Woo Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> studies were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of a natural polyherbal mixture (<strong>PHM</strong>) manufactured from selected herbs in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. For the <em>in vitro</em> trial, <em>E. tenella</em> and <em>E. maxima</em> sporozoites were used to test how PHM affected sporozoites viability at 24, 48, and 72 h. The treatments were as follows: negative control with phosphate buffered saline (<strong>NC-PBS</strong>), solvent control containing 1 % dimethyl sulfoxide (<strong>DMSO</strong>), salinomycin at 12 mg/kg with 1 % DMSO in PBS (<strong>SAL</strong>), and 500 mg/kg PHM in PBS (<strong>PHM</strong>). For the <em>in vivo</em> trial, a total of 288 0-day-old male Cobb 500 were randomly distributed into 3 treatments with 8 replicates, and study lasted for 28 days. Treatments were as follows: non-challenge control with a basal diet (<strong>NC</strong>), <em>Eimeria</em> spp. challenge with a basal diet (<strong>CC</strong>), and <em>Eimeria</em> spp. challenge with a basal diet containing 500 mg/kg of the PHM (<strong>PHM</strong>). Chickens in challenged groups were inoculated with 62,500 oocyst of <em>E. acervulina</em>, 12,500 oocyst of <em>E. maxima</em> and <em>E. tenella</em> on 14 days. <em>In vitro</em> results showed that PHM increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) a <em>Eimeria</em> sporozoite reduction percentage. As for <em>in vivo</em> results, the PHM group had similar body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency compared to the NC group. The use of PHM reduced fecal oocyst counts of <em>E. tenella</em> and <em>E. maxima</em> from 6 to 9 days post inoculation (<strong>DPI</strong>; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, PHM supplementation decreased duodenum and ceca lesion scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The PHM group also had reduced expression levels of claudin 1 (<em>CLDN-1</em>), interleukin 1 beta (<em>IL-1β</em>) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (<em>TNF-α</em>) in the jejunum compared to the CC group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the supplementation with 500 mg/kg of polyherbal mixture both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> reduced the viability of <em>E. tenella</em> and <em>E. maxima</em> sporozoites, and this could explain that PHM effectively mitigated negative effects caused by the challenge with <em>Eimeria</em> spp., suggesting that it could be a dietary strategy to improve performance and gut health in broilers under coccidiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 105002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorogenic acid mitigates avian pathogenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal barrier damage in broiler chickens via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects","authors":"Leyi Wei ,&nbsp;Xinghuo Liu ,&nbsp;Zichao Tan,&nbsp;Bingying Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Wen,&nbsp;Zhigang Tang,&nbsp;Yanmin Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Yueping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (<strong>CGA</strong>) on intestinal health in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<strong>APEC</strong>). One hundred and eighty one-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into three groups with six replicates of ten chicks each for a 21-day trial. The birds in the control and APEC groups were fed a basal diet, while birds in the CGA-treated group received a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg of CGA. At 14 days, birds in the APEC and CGA groups were administered with an APEC suspension Compared with the APEC group, CGA incorporation decreased mortality and cecal <em>Escherichia coli</em> colonies in bacterially challenged broilers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, CGA reduced the relative weight of the heart, liver, kidney, gizzard, proventriculus, and intestine, as well as serum triglyceride level and alanine aminotransferase activity in APEC<em>-</em>challenged broilers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementing CGA reduced the concentrations of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and/or interleukin-6 in serum, duodenum, jejunum, and/or ileum in APEC-challenged broilers presumably through the inactivation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CGA administration reduced serum diamine oxidase activity and d-lactate and endotoxin concentrations, but increased the ratio between villus height and crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum of APEC<em>-</em>infected chickens, accompanied by the restored intestinal expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, claudin-2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1) and genes involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein, B cell lymphoma-2, and cysteine-requiring aspartate protease 9) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, CGA increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, and glutathione levels in serum and intestinal mucosa, but inhibited the accumulation of intestinal malondialdehyde in APEC<em>-</em>challenged broilers possibly via activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The results suggested that CGA alleviated APEC-induced intestinal damage in broilers by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, its potential application in practical poultry production is contingent upon both its efficacy and cost-effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 105005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Hidden Mechanism: How LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system drives antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella pullorum through activation of the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC","authors":"Ziheng Xu ,&nbsp;Can Wang ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Jingzhen Liang ,&nbsp;Changcheng Li ,&nbsp;Wenyan Chen ,&nbsp;Ping Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanism of <em>Salmonella pullorum</em> (SP), which is widespread among yellow chickens in China, is crucial for reducing significant economic losses in the industry. In this study, we explored the AMR mechanism by which the LuxS/AI-2-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system regulates the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in the SP. The results showed that the <em>luxS</em> gene and the signaling molecule AI-2 had no effect on the growth of the SP strains. However, the <em>luxS</em> gene knockout strain (SP129∆<em>luxS</em>) was sensitive to antimicrobials (ampicillin, methoxypyrimidine, sulfaisoxazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid), whereas SP129 was resistant. The SP129 strain was resistant to antimicrobials which had previously been proved to be sensitive to the antimicrobials following incubation with AI-2. Moreover, the expression levels of the <em>soxS, acrA</em>, and <em>acrB</em> genes, as well as the SoxS protein were significantly increased by knocking out the <em>luxS</em> gene or by incubating with Al-2. Crucially, there was no interaction between the LuxS protein and the SoxS or SoxR proteins. However, these two proteins were found to be bound to AI-2 via hydrogen bonds. In summary, AMR in SP isolates was enhanced by AI-2 through the promotion of the the expression of the <em>soxS</em> gene and the SoxS protein, activating the efflux pump. Exploring the AMR mechanism of the SP strain provides important baseline information for controlling outbreaks of yellow chicken salmonellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"Article 104972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposium: Essentials of scientific writing for publications","authors":"Jo Ann Chew ,&nbsp;Jason L. Emmert ,&nbsp;Kirk C. Klasing ,&nbsp;Mike Kogut ,&nbsp;Brian Fairchild ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.104989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manuscript writing is an essential process in research; it is the vehicle through which knowledge dissemination occurs from experimental findings. This manuscript aims to equip students, researchers, and professionals alike with the necessary skills and insights for publishing in scientific journals. Each section of a scientific paper is discussed: abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and conclusion, along with advice on the order by which these are written. Various techniques are explored to best engage readers and convey research findings in a memorable and impactful manner. Lastly, adherence to journal guidelines is discussed, along with common mistakes made by authors when submitting to journals. The importance of clarity and innovation in conveying research findings effectively is emphasized. Practical strategies for organizing manuscripts and enhancing the overall impact of research publications are covered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 5","pages":"Article 104989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}