Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Integrative metabolic and lipidomic analysis reveals microbiota-associated mechanisms of thigh meat quality variation in spent laying hens from different rearing systems.","authors":"Fang Chen, Na Zhao, Qiwen Fan, Wenjing Tao, Encun Du, Jintao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to elucidate the differences in poultry meat quality between cage-rearing (CR) and free-range (FR) rearing systems and to dissect the underlying microbiota-mediated mechanisms. A total of 200 Jianghan laying hens (50-week-old) were equally assigned to either FR or CR group. At 56 w, 10 hens from each group were selected and underwent integrated analyses of gut microbial metagenomes, muscle nutrient composition, amino acid, and lipid profiles. The results showed that the FR group had lower abdominal fat yield but higher leg muscle yield (P < 0.01). Leg muscle of FR hens exhibited lower crude fat content, drip loss, malondialdehyde levels, but higher pH_24h, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and DPPH radical-scavenging rate (P < 0.05). Additionally, the FR group showed significant increases in glutamic acid, alanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine and total flavor amino acids (FAA, P < 0.05). Lipidomic profiling identified 38 differentially abundant lipids and an elevation in total fatty acyls in FR muscles. Subsequent fatty acids composition analysis revealed higher proportions of C20:4 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the FR group (P < 0.05). Cecal microbiota analysis indicated FR rearing increased the relative abundances of Ligilactobacillus aviarius, Enterococcus faecium, Corynebacterium stationis, C.glutamicum, and C.casei (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses demonstrated that L. aviarius was positively correlated with FAA content, while the three Corynebacterium species were positively correlated with GSH-Px activity, pH_24h, FAA, and PUFA, and negatively with drip loss (|r| > 0.6, P < 0.05). Collectively, free-range rearing improves meat quality and nutritional traits, which may be linked to changes in the gut microbial community.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-CaSR egg yolk antibody improves calcium absorption and bone mineral deposition through intestinal CaSR modulation.","authors":"Jiakun Yan, Chong Pan, Lirong Fan, Sen Li, Peng Li, Shuangshuang Guo, Yanli Liu, Xiaojun Yang, Binying Ding, Zhouzheng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a key negative regulator of intestinal calcium transport, and targeting CaSR represents a promising strategy to improve mineral retention. Egg yolk antibodies can be used as a feed-based approach to modulate intestinal physiological processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether anti-CaSR egg yolk antibodies could modulate intestinal calcium transport and enhance calcium and phosphorus retention in broilers. Hy-Line Brown laying hens were immunized over a 4-week period with either a CaSR peptide vaccine or an adjuvant control (without CaSR peptide). High titers of anti-CaSR antibodies were detected in egg yolk at week 5, indicating successful antibody production. The egg yolks were subsequently collected, freeze-dried into powder, and incorporated into broiler diets at a supplementation level of 0.5%. A 14-day feeding trial demonstrated that dietary supplementation with anti-CaSR antibodies markedly increased serum calcium and phosphorus levels, improved apparent ileal digestibility of both minerals, and enhanced tibial ash as well as calcium and phosphorus deposition. Mechanistically, dietary supplementation with anti-CaSR antibodies upregulated components of the transcellular calcium transport pathway, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) and calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k), and elevated serum calcitriol level, indicating activation of a vitamin D-dependent regulatory axis. Furthermore, anti-CaSR increased the expression of key phosphate transporters in both the intestine and kidney, supporting its broader role in mineral homeostasis. These findings demonstrate that anti-CaSR antibodies enhance the expression of calcium and phosphorus transport proteins, thereby improving mineral retention and promoting bone mineralization in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in the broiler production chain: the role of parent stock and hatchery\" [Poultry Science, Volume 105 2026 10684].","authors":"Moniek Ringenier, Bert Bogaerts, Filip Boyen, Kevin Vanneste, Sigrid C J De Keersmaecker, Junjia He, Mathieu Gand, Mathias Devreese, Nancy Roosens, Jeroen Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) cakes in laying quails feeding: egg nutritional and sensory properties.","authors":"Bianca Palumbo, Marco Cullere, Erika Pellattiero, Antonella Dalle Zotte","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the effect of including 15% Camelina sativa cake in the diet of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) on egg nutritional composition, oxidative stability, and sensory properties. A total of 240 quails (70 days of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a control diet without camelina cake and three diets containing 15% camelina cake derived from the commercial variety Calena or from the improved lines Pearl and Alan. Dietary treatment significantly modified the fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 FA, mainly α-linolenic acid, and markedly reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio. These effects were observed from the first week and became more pronounced at week 6 of the trial, when differences in monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids also emerged, especially in the Alan group. Most importantly, all eggs of the tested camelina sativa cakes' groups reached the nutritional claim \"source or rich in omega-3 fatty acids\", in agreement with the European Regulation No. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Amino acid (AA) composition was not affected at week 1 but showed differences at week 6, with the Pearl group displaying a lower total AA content, whereas the Alan group maintained values comparable to the control. Despite the higher PUFA content, oxidative stability of egg yolk was not affected during 28 days of storage. In contrast, dietary treatment influenced sensory properties, with increased intensity of vegetable and metallic flavors and greater flavor persistency in camelina cake-treated groups. These changes were associated with reduced consumer acceptance, particularly in the Pearl and Alan groups, while the Calena group showed intermediate responses compared with the control. Consumer characteristics influenced perception, as higher scores were assigned by older and more frequent egg consumers. In conclusion, the inclusion of camelina cake is an effective strategy to produce n-3 enriched quail eggs that qualify for a nutritional health claim under EU legislation, without adversely affecting oxidative stability. However, varietal differences and sensory acceptability should be considered in the development of functional egg products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From environmental perception to reproductive allocation: the microbiome-membrane-mitochondria axis in poultry.","authors":"Guillermo Tellez-Isaias","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive performance has traditionally been interpreted through the physiology of reproductive organs, endocrine regulation, and genetics. Although these approaches have substantially advanced poultry production, they do not fully explain why reproduction consistently reflects the overall physiological condition of the organism. This review proposes an integrative conceptual framework in which reproductive success emerges from the coordinated activity of the entire host-microbiome ecosystem, not from the reproductive system alone. We examine current evidence supporting the concept that the intestinal microbiome functions as a major ecological and metabolic partner that can contribute to whole-organism homeostasis through effects on intestinal barrier integrity, immunometabolism, endocrine signaling, microbial metabolite production, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this model, microbially derived signals, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acid metabolites, tryptophan derivatives, polyamines, vitamins, extracellular vesicles, and microbial-associated molecular patterns, form an extensive communication network linking the intestinal ecosystem with distant tissues. Central to this model is the recognition of mitochondria as major bioenergetic and signaling integrators within the host-microbiome system. Beyond ATP production, mitochondria participate in redox homeostasis, immune activation, metabolic adaptation, endocrine responses, steroidogenesis, and cellular quality control, thereby integrating microbial, nutritional, immune, and environmental signals into cellular responses. Diverse stressors, including dysbiosis, heat stress, pathogens, mycotoxins, oxidative stress, nutritional imbalance, and chronic inflammation, converge upon mitochondrial and immunometabolic pathways that can alter systemic resource allocation and reproductive resilience. Reproductive performance is therefore considered here as an emergent, condition-dependent physiological outcome rather than as a hierarchically superior biological function. The intestinal microbiome does not directly regulate reproduction; instead, it contributes to the systemic conditions that can support reproductive investment, whereas microbial communities within the reproductive tract may interact more directly with reproductive tissues and gametes. The revised framework further emphasizes reciprocal communication: endocrine and reproductive states can reshape metabolism, immunity, intestinal physiology, mitochondrial function, and microbial ecology. Finally, maternal programming and optimization of host-microbiome interactions are considered as potential strategies for strengthening reproductive resilience across generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro study on the role of endoxylanase-driven fibre solubilisation and fibre particle size in improving fibre fermentation in broilers.","authors":"Paulien Vanderghinste, Ninive M Aguilar Trujillo, An Bautil, Steven J Simmonds, Michael R Bedford, Gemma González-Ortiz, Christophe M Courtin","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoxylanases are commonly used in broiler production, but a better understanding of their role in stimulating fibre fermentation can improve the associated performance and health benefits. Combining particle-size-reduced bran with endoxylanase can increase fibre accessibility for microbial fermentation, but it is unclear if this is driven by the precaecal fibre solubilisation by endoxylanase or by its action within the caecal lobes. Endoxylanase action was studied under simulated ileal and caecal conditions using different wheat bran particle sizes. First, the effects of bran particle size (29 to 1312 µm), pH and endoxylanase (Econase XT 25, 1 mg/g bran, 160,000 BXU/kg bran) on fibre solubilisation were evaluated under ileal in vitro conditions. Endoxylanase addition and bran particle size reduction increased water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) content during incubations between pH 4 and 8 (P < 0.050). WE-AX content also increased with decreasing bran size without endoxylanase (P < 0.001). Next, the effect of bran size (coarse, 1312 µm, and fine, 134 µm) and endoxylanase treatment (pretreatment-added, fermentation-added, no addition) on fermentation was studied through an in vitro fermentation using broiler caecal inoculum. The endoxylanase-pretreatment of bran resulted in a rapid early fermentation, while the fermentation-added endoxylanase resulted in the highest gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, but only after 24 h (P < 0.050). Fine bran tended to increase gas production (P = 0.062) and linear VFA production (P = 0.041) after 6 h, while it increased branched-chain VFA production after 24 h (P = 0.026). The combination of endoxylanase and particle-size-reduced bran increased gas production and lactic acid content after 6 h (P < 0.050). The addition of endoxylanase during the pretreatment and directly to the fermentation elicited distinct fermentation responses, although both actions seem to benefit fibre fermentation in a fermentation-time-dependent way. These results indicate that endoxylanase activity may be important in both ileal and caecal conditions to improve fibre fermentation in different ways, potentially enhancing gut health and broiler performance in vivo as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic extract of Polygonatum sibiricum fibrous root improves growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and cecal fermentation in yellow-feathered broilers.","authors":"Linyu Zhang, Maoru Yang, Lu Zhang, Yu Zhou, Jiahui Yin, Wei Xiang, Jianguo Zeng, Hongqi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with an ethanolic extract of Polygonatum sibiricum fibrous root (PFRE) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to four diets (5 replicates of 10 broilers each). The control group received a basal diet, while the experimental groups were supplemented with 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg PFRE, respectively, with an experimental period of 56 days. The results showed that body weight (P < 0.05) and ADG (P < 0.05) were greater at 800 and 1,600 mg/kg than in the control group in the 1 ∼ 28 days of age. Over the entire trial, PFRE increased (P < 0.05) final body weight and ADG, whereas F/G was lower (P = 0.008) at 400 and 1,600 mg/kg. Semi-eviscerated yield increased and breast muscle shear force decreased with PFRE supplementation (P < 0.001). Serum, hepatic, and jejunal malondialdehyde concentrations were reduced (P < 0.001), although other antioxidant indices showed tissue and supplementation level specific responses. Jejunal villus height increased at 800 and 1,600 mg/kg (P < 0.001). Acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid concentrations increased (P < 0.05), whereas alpha and overall beta diversity were unaffected (P > 0.05). Several bacterial genera differed among treatments and were associated with SCFAs and host phenotypic indexes. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PFRE significantly enhanced growth performance, decreased lipid peroxidation, modified intestinal morphology, and improved cecal fermentation in yellow‑feathered broilers. The 800 mg/kg level produced the most balanced overall responses among the doses tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149239387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented agricultural by-products improve growth performance in indigenous chickens in association with altered ileal microbiota, microbial functional potential, and mucosal responses.","authors":"Shiyu Chen, Shunfen Zhang, Chen Liu, Kun Wang, Le Xu, Zhenhui Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermented agricultural by-products may improve poultry health through microbiota-host interactions, but the underlying microbial and transcriptional responses remain incompletely understood. We assigned 160 Wuliangshan black-bone chickens to diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% fermented feed from 8 to 120 d of age. The fermented feed was produced from soybean hulls, rapeseed meal, and vegetable waste by sequential fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Ileal microbial communities were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by shotgun metagenomics and ileal mucosal transcriptomics in the control and 10% groups. Fermented feed increased average daily gain (ADG) and ileal villus height and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 10% diet increased the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus from 1.05% to 74.47%, while reducing Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella. Metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of microbial pathways and carbohydrate-active enzymes associated with starch and plant cell-wall polysaccharide degradation. Ileal butyrate concentration increased, whereas predicted virulence determinants, including cereulide, β-hemolysin/cytolysin, and LPS/LOS-related factors, decreased. The resistome shifted toward efflux-related determinants without broad enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes. Ileal mucosal transcriptomics revealed lower expression of proinflammatory and innate immune genes and higher expression of genes involved in growth signaling and nutrient transport. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lactiplantibacillus abundance and butyrate concentration were associated with higher ADG, villus height, and expression of growth-related genes and with lower FCR. Lactiplantibacillus abundance was also positively correlated with selected nutrient transport genes and negatively correlated with selected immune-related genes, whereas the depleted potentially opportunistic genera generally showed opposite correlation patterns. Collectively, fermented feed improved growth performance and intestinal health in association with Lactiplantibacillus enrichment, reduced predicted microbial virulence potential, attenuated mucosal immune activation, and enhanced host responses related to growth and nutrient transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable near-infrared spectroscopy combined with machine learning for rapid detection of broiler breast myopathies.","authors":"Yazavinder Singh, Silvia Magro, Arianna Goi, Jean Christophe Parisse, Angélique Travel, Cécile Berri, Massimo De Marchi, Carmen L Manuelian","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth-related breast myopathies are among the major meat quality defects encountered in modern broiler production, affecting breast meat quality and requiring affected fillets to be diverted to further processing. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a pocket-sized near‑infrared (NIR) spectrometer for detecting white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM) in broiler breast meat. A total of 4579 broilers from a commercial crossbred and a broiler breeders line were sampled across 8 flocks and multiple slaughter days, and fillets were categorized by a trained evaluator for WS, WB, and SM severity. Breast surfaces were scanned five times at standardized anatomical locations using a portable spectrometer (740-1070 nm), and the spectra were averaged prior to chemometric analyses. After data cleaning, 4500 samples were retained, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‑DA) models (70% training set; 30% testing set) were developed and evaluated using balanced accuracy (BA), sensitivity, and specificity. Results revealed models that BA in the testing ranged from 50 to 78%, depending on the classification scenario. Models for SM and isolated WS or WB showed limited discrimination (≤56%), reflecting class imbalance and spectral overlap with concurrent myopathies. Intermediate discrimination was obtained for Non-defect (ND) vs WS and/or WB (75%), ND vs any defect (75%), WS severity (74%), and WB severity (73-74%). The highest BA values were achieved for models contrasting ND fillets with WS-associated myopathies (78%) or WB-associated myopathies (77%). For the ND vs any defect model, sensitivity and specificity were 67% and 82%, respectively, indicating a higher ability to identify ND fillets than defective fillets. Variable‑importance analysis showed defect‑specific spectral regions: 800-900 nm for SM (water‑related absorptions), 900-950 nm for WS (lipid‑related features), and 1000-1070 nm for WB (protein/collagen‑associated absorptions), reflecting underlying biochemical alterations. In conclusion, a pocket‑sized NIR spectrometer can serve as a practical, rapid first‑pass screening tool for detecting combined broiler breast myopathies at processing lines, although isolated and low‑prevalence defects remain challenging to classify reliably.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13636439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intelligent housing systems on meat quality and flavor of different cuts of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.","authors":"Xiao Jun Ju, Ming Zhang, Yi Fan Liu, Gai Ge Ji, Yan Ju Shan, Yun Jie Tu, Yan Ping Wu, Jing Ting Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107843","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study systematically compared the differences in objective indicators of eating quality, texture properties, free amino acids, volatile flavor compounds, and metabolomic profiles in breast and thigh muscles of yellow-feathered broiler chickens reared under an environmentally controlled, enclosed intelligent cage system and a floor litter rearing system, and correlation analyses among these parameters were conducted. The results showed that, compared with floor rearing, cage rearing significantly reduced L* values while significantly increasing a* and b* values in both breast and thigh muscles (P &lt; 0.05). Free amino acid and volatile flavor compound analyses revealed diametrically opposite trends between the two muscle types: cage rearing significantly decreased the contents of free amino acids and volatile flavor compounds in breast muscle, yet markedly increased their levels in thigh muscle (P &lt; 0.05). Ser, Glu, Ala, Val, Ile, Phe, Lys, and Arg were identified as important amino acid contributors to chicken meat flavor under both housing systems, with Lys playing the dominant role in breast muscle and Glu being the most prominent contributor in thigh muscle. Hexanal, ethanol, 2-butanone, and pentanal were identified as the key volatile flavor compounds discriminating the flavor profiles between the two housing systems. Metabolite analysis revealed that meat quality-related metabolites, including propionylcarnitine, isoleucyl-asparagine, alanylarginine, ADP-ribose, and 4-aminobutyric acid, were downregulated in breast muscle, whereas umami-related metabolites such as glutamic acid, N-acetylasparagine, and 4-guanidinobutanoic acid were upregulated in thigh muscle. Purine metabolism, alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were identified as the key metabolic pathways contributing to flavor divergence between the two housing systems, and inosine emerged as a potential metabolic marker for discriminating meat quality differences between cage-reared and floor-reared chickens. Correlation analysis demonstrated that acylcarnitine metabolites, including (9Z)-3-hydroxydodecenoylcarnitine, 2-octenoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine, and 6-keto-decanoylcarnitine, exhibited broad-spectrum significant positive correlations with bitter-tasting amino acids and core volatile flavor compounds, whereas bile acid metabolites displayed significantly negative correlations (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that acylcarnitine accumulation may promote the enrichment of bitter amino acids while concurrently suppressing the synthesis of characteristic aroma compounds. In conclusion, although the intelligent cage housing system partially diminished the meat quality of breast muscle, it markedly enhanced the nutritional value and flavor quality of thigh muscle, which may represent a key target site for meat quality improvement under cage rearing conditions. This study systematically elucidates the regu","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}