Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"The effects of using different levels of banana (Musa acuminata) peel powder on productivity performance, egg quality, blood parameters, fatty acid profile, and intestinal histopathology of laying quails.","authors":"Ahmet Yusuf Şengül, Turgay Şengül, Şenol Çelik, Hakan İnci, Gülüzar Şengül, Muhammet Bahaeddin Dörtbudak, Elif Ekiz Terzioğlu, Aydın Daş","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the effects of banana peel powder (BPP) supplementation to quail diets on production performance, egg quality, some blood parameters, fatty acid profile, egg cholesterol and small intestinal histopathology were investigated. The experiment was conducted with 180 laying quails over a seven-week period. The birds were fed diets containing different levels of dried banana peel powder (0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5 % BPP). Each treatment group consisted of 45 quails, with 9 birds per replicate. According to the results, BPP supplementation had no significant effect on egg production, feed conversion ratio, shape index, yolk weight, yolk index, albumen weight, albumen index and Haugh unit. However, feed intake and egg weight decreased significantly with BPP supplementation (P < 0.01). Positive effects were observed in the 2.5 % and 5 % BPP groups regarding eggshell weight (P < 0.01), in the 7.5 % BPP group for eggshell thickness (P < 0.05), and in the 2.5 % BPP group for yolk color (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in some egg yolk fatty acid parameters between the control and BPP groups, including C16:1, C17:0, MUFA, PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and n-6 (P < 0.05), and C18:2 (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found among groups in terms of blood parameters. On the other hand, BPP supplementation caused dose-dependent adverse effects on small intestinal histopathology (P < 0.01). In conclusion, while BPP supplementation at increasing levels had some beneficial effects (e.g., on yolk fatty acid composition, shell weight, shell thickness, and yolk color), it also led to negative outcomes (e.g., reduced feed intake and egg weight, and intestinal tissue damage). Therefore, it can be concluded that BPP should be included in the diets of laying quails at levels lower than 2.5 %.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in pathogenicity of gut microbiota during fasting-induced molting in laying hens and their impact on spleen immune function.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Chenxu Wang, Yujie Gong, Yidan Zhu, Mengyan Zhang, Donghua Li, Yadong Tian, Ruili Han, Yujie Guo, Yanhua Zhang, Xiangtao Kang, Ruirui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasting-induced molting (FIM) leverages the natural molting mechanism of aging laying hens to enhance their egg production and egg quality. However, fasting may also increase the risk of pathogen infection and activate immune regulation in the spleen. Understanding the specific types of pathogen infections triggered during FIM and their impacts on the spleen's immune regulation mechanisms is crucial for enhancing the immunological resilience of poultry. A total of 90, aged 60 weeks, late-laying hens were randomly assigned to undergo FIM. During FIM, hens kept regular feed and 16 hours light initially. A 3-day fast with 8 hours light followed. Then, they gradually resumed water and feed, increasing from 30 g to 120 g daily, with light returning to 16 hours. This study investigates the effects of FIM on the gut microbiota and metabolites through metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics. Additionally, blood routine tests and ELISA assays were conducted to measure serum Ig concentrations. Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors and immune cell markers in the spleen. The study also analyzed gene expression levels in the PI3K/AKT pathway, systematically exploring fasting's regulatory impact on gut-spleen immunity. Results showed that during FIM, the abundance of pathogens utilizing non-carbohydrates as an energy source initially increased and then decreased, while the abundance of pathogens relying on carbohydrates as an energy source declined. Correspondingly, with beneficial metabolites initially decreased before increasing, while harmful metabolites exhibited the opposite trend. During fasting, the concentration of eosinophilic leukocytes in serum significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the concentration of IgA significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the spleen, significant increase in the expression of immune-related metabolites, including NF-κB, IFN-β, iNOS, IL-1β, and IFN-α, were observed, along with significant increases in the secretion of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-8, suggesting a significant activation of the immune response. After refeeding, these factors in serum and spleen returned to pre-fasting levels. Notably, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was significantly activated during fasting, indicating that fasting exerts broad effects on the immune system via the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study holds significant theoretical and practical value for enhancing the immunity of molting laying hens, reducing pathogenic bacterial infections, and optimizing production performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Salmonella from food animals in Shandong, China.","authors":"Fengzhi Liu, Peng Duan, Huaping Xiao, Hui Zhang, Hongmei Guo, Ruihua Zhang, Shijin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella is a significant zoonotic pathogen affecting both humans and animals. Between April 2023 and May 2024, we obtained 124 Salmonella strains from 1,413 samples (8.78 %) collected from food animals in Weifang, Zibo, Heze, Taian, Linyi, Binzhou, and Jining regions of Shandong Province, China. This study aimed to analyze serovar distribution, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility, and plasmid typing of isolated strains. The 124 Salmonella isolates were serotyped into 5 distinct serovars, and S. Typhimurium (58/124, 46.77 %) was the predominant serotype. MLST revealed six distinct sequence types, among which ST19 (40/124, 32.26 %) was the most common. Of the 124 isolates, 83 (66.94 %) displayed multidrug resistance, with ampicillin resistance (88/124, 70.97 %) being the most prevalent phenotype. The bla_TEM gene (57/124, 45.97 %) was the most common resistance gene, followed by bla_CTX-M (45/124, 36.29 %), qnrS (39/124, 31.45 %), aph(3')-II (36/124, 29.03 %), oqxA (29/124, 23.39 %), and oqxB (28/124, 22.58 %). These Salmonella strains carried a total of six plasmid incompatibility groups, with IncFII (35/124, 28.23 %) being the most prevalent. Conjugation experiments demonstrated successful transfer of the bla_TEM gene from 36 donors (36/57, 63.16 %) to Escherichia coli J53. The spread of resistance genes is largely driven by antibiotic misuse. In conclusion, controlling Salmonella prevalence and limiting antibiotic use in pigs and ducks are crucial for safeguarding public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal low-protein diets influence sex-specific growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal morphology of broiler offspring.","authors":"Yaqin Li, Mengyu Li, Qiufeng Zeng, Shiping Bai, Yan Liu, Xuemei Ding, Shanshan Li, Keying Zhang, Ruinan Zhang, Jianping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of the maternal low-protein diet on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal morphology in broiler offspring by sex. Three hundred 10-week-old Tianfu broiler breeders were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments: normal protein (NP) or low CP diets (LP), and fed these diets for 24 weeks. Diets were isocaloric across three phase, with LP diets containing 30 g/kg less CP than NP diets [phase 1 (10 to 18 wk): 150 vs 120 g/kg; phase 2 and 3 (19 to 21 wk; 22 to 33 wk): 160 vs 130 g/kg]. Employing a 2 × 2 factorial design (maternal diet:NP/LP; offspring sex), 364 one-day-old chicks (7 replicates of 13 birds each) were fed standard diets for 84 days. Results showed that maternal low-protein diet did not effect offspring growth performance (final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio; P > 0.05). However, it reduced the initial body weight of all broiler offspring (P < 0.01). In males, maternal low-protein diet did not effect slaughter performance (P > 0.05); increased thymus index and breast shear force (P < 0.05); and reduced breast muscle fiber cross-sectional area and diameter (P < 0.01), and the jejunal crypt depth (P < 0.05). In females, unlike males, it did not effect immune organ index, breast meat quality, or breast muscle fiber characteristics (P > 0.05); increased semi-eviscerated and eviscerated rate (P < 0.05); and reduced jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the NP, it reduced nitrogen intake by 21.97% and nitrogen excretion by 15.56% in male offspring. In conclusion, maternal low-protein diets exerted sex-specific effects on broiler physiology without compromising overall growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pullulan, beet, and Artemisia princeps coatings on quality of table eggs during room temperature storage.","authors":"H N Lee, G L Yeom, Y B Kim, J Y Park, G Y Park, J W Shin, W Park, J Choi, J H Cho, J H Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this experiment was to investigate effects of pullulan (PL), beet (BT), and Artemisia princeps (AP) coatings on quality of table eggs during room temperature storage. A total of 1,200 non-fertile eggs were collected from 48-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens. These eggs were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates consisting of 10 eggs per replicate. A total of 60 eggs per treatment were analyzed weekly throughout the study. Uncoated eggs were used for the CON group, while eggs coated with PL, BT, and AP were used for PL, BT, and AP groups, respectively. Results indicated that BT and AP groups exhibited greater (P < 0.05) Haugh unit than CON and PL groups. Albumen height was greater (P < 0.05) in PL, BT, and AP groups than in the CON group. PL, BT, and AP groups had greater (P < 0.05) yolk height than the CON group. The yolk index was less (P < 0.05) in PL and CON groups than in BT and AP groups. Albumen and yolk pH were greater (P < 0.05) in PL, BT, and AP groups than in the CON group. The foam volume was increased (P < 0.05) in all coated groups compared to that in the CON group. PL and AP groups had greater (P < 0.05) total microbial counts than CON and BT groups. In conclusion, PL-based egg coatings, particularly those blended with AP, were effective in maintaining egg quality and egg freshness during room temperature storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharide on Salmonella Enteritidis cecal colonization and immune response of broiler chickens.","authors":"Allison Milby-Blackledge, Yuhua Farnell, Christina Swaggerty, Morgan Farnell","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella causes 1.35 million cases of foodborne illness in the United States annually. We hypothesized that the administration of ActiveMOS®, a prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) product, would reduce Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) cecal colonization and improve immune function in young broilers. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of MOS on SE cecal colonization, serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). This study consisted of two independent 14 d trials. Day-of-hatch broilers (n = 240/trial) were evenly distributed across eight floor pens and randomly assigned to four treatments. Treatments were as follows: control (0.0), 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg of MOS/metric ton (MT) of feed. Broilers were orally gavaged with PBS for unchallenged treatments or SE for challenged treatments at 7 d of age. Birds were euthanized one week post gavage. Salmonella Enteritidis cecal colonization, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines- interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-16, IL-21; anti-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines- IFNα, IL-10; chemokines- regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), MIP-3α; colony-stimulating factors- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IgM titers, and LPS concentrations were evaluated. Data were analyzed via a two-way ANOVA with an α = 0.05. In the first trial, Salmonella was significantly reduced by 1.07 and 0.84 log in the 1.5 kg/MT and 2.0 kg/MT MOS inclusions, respectively. In trial two, a significant 1.14 log reduction of SE in the 1.5 kg/MT MOS diet was observed. For unchallenged birds, all MOS treatments decreased IFNα levels. However, in the control basal diet, levels of IFNα were significantly diminished in SE challenged chicks. Decreased expression of IL-16 and MIP-1β was detected (p < 0.05) in SE challenged broilers compared to unchallenged birds. Levels of RANTES were significantly increased in 1.0 kg/MT and 2.0 kg/MT MOS inclusions compared to all other diets. No significant differences were observed with any other cytokines or LPS. The isotype IgM was reduced in all treatments compared to the control diet in both unchallenged and SE challenged birds, suggesting depressed humoral immunity when MOS was fed. Although a mechanism of action was not determined, these data suggest that MOS at the 1.5 kg/MT inclusion was efficacious in reducing SE.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine sources and total sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio regulate the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers.","authors":"Lu Gong, Huiping Xu, Qi Zhu, Tahir Mahmood, Yves Mercier, Jianyang Fu, Qiqi Han, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary methionine (Met) sources and total sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio (TSAA:Lys) on broilers' growth and immune response challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 792 Arbor Acre broiler chicks at one-D-old were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with two Met sources (DL-Met and DL-2‑hydroxy-4-[methylthio]-butanoic acid (HMTBA)), three TSAA:Lys ratio (0.58, 0.73, and 0.88) and two immunological states (LPS challenge or saline). The experiment was divided into 1-14 d and 15-28 d. At 15, 17, 19, and 21 d, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or an equal amount of saline. The results showed that LPS significantly decreased feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) of broilers at 15-21 d (P < 0.001). Met source and TSAA:Lys level (P = 0.064), Met source and LPS challenge (P = 0.080) both had a tendency of interaction effect on BWG. LPS significantly increased gene expression of inflammatory factors in the spleen and ileum, as well as serum inflammatory factors and acute phase protein levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the DL-Met group, HMTBA supplementation significantly decreased the gene expression of inflammatory factors in the spleen and ileum (P < 0.05), but up-regulated TLR4 expression level (P < 0.05), as well as increased serum levels of ovotransferrin (P = 0.047), α1-acid glycoprotein (P = 0.009), and IgA (P = 0.050). LPS increased ileal crypt depth (P = 0.001) and decreased villus height/crypt depth (P < 0.001). Compared with the DL-Met group, HMTBA treatment significantly increased Occludin and Mucin2 expressions in the ileum (P < 0.001). Further, HMTBA treatment also significantly increased the villus height (P = 0.021), villus height /crypt depth and goblet cell number (P < 0.001), and the short chain fatty acid production in the ceca (P < 0.05). When TSAA:Lys ratio was 0.73, HMTBA significantly increased broiler' BWG and helped maintaining the animal immune homeostasis by alleviating prolonged over-response of the immune system in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall assessment of antimicrobial peptides in broiler chickens: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Xinru Luo, Ying Chen, Yuxuan Xiao, Yongfei Hu, Yuqing Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics for promoting growth and reducing disease incidence in livestock. However, the effects of AMP additives on broiler chickens remain uncertain. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 43 studies published from January 2000 to January 2024 to evaluate the effects of AMPs on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune organ development in broiler chickens. Our findings indicate that the addition of AMPs significantly improved the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), along with notable effects on the overall average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05). AMPs enhanced small intestinal morphology by increasing the villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) without decreasing crypt depth. Furthermore, the addition of AMPs promoted immune system development by increasing the weights of the thymus and spleen during the starter period (P < 0.05). Notably, AMPs outperformed conventional antibiotics in improving the ADFI and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05), demonstrating comparable efficacy in improving the FCR (P > 0.05). Our meta-analysis suggests that AMPs can serve as effective alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The right fit: A decision tree to select a protocol for assessing the welfare of laying hens.","authors":"Muhammad Fathin Hanif, Liesbeth G W Van Damme, Charlotte Vanden Hole, T Bas Rodenburg, Vera Bavinck, Xavier Averós, Inma Estevez, Ali Agus, Frank A M Tuyttens","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring robust and context-appropriate welfare assessments in laying hen production systems requires the use of protocols that align with diverse operational conditions, user capabilities, and regulatory or market expectations. This study developed a structured decision-making framework in the form of a decision tree to guide stakeholders in identifying welfare assessment protocols most appropriate for their specific needs. The decision tree was constructed by synthesizing criteria and decision points identified from a comprehensive review of existing assessment protocols. A systematic literature search conducted across 24 languages identified 12 eligible protocols, which were subsequently analyzed based on the type of assessment (whether the protocol involved self-assessment by farmers or external assessment by independent parties), inclusion of animal handling, benchmarking capacity, and implementation feasibility. Results indicate that self-assessment protocols provide practical advantages in terms of accessibility and frequency of use, particularly when supported by mobile technologies and visual guidance. However, the effectiveness of self-assessment protocols may be constrained by variability in observer expertise and the absence of objective benchmarking, particularly in cases where adequate training and support are lacking. External assessment protocols, which frequently include animal handling procedures, enable more rigorous and standardized evaluations but may present challenges related to cost, logistical complexity, and producer acceptance. The proposed decision tree provides a transparent and systematic tool to direct users toward protocols that best match their operational realities and assessment goals. By offering tailored guidance rather than prescriptive choices, the framework enhances the consistency, usability, and real-world impact of welfare evaluations in the laying hen sector. Further refinement of existing protocols to improve flexibility and digital integration is recommended to support broader implementation across varying production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Responses of intestinal morphology, immunity, antioxidant status and cecal microbiota to the mixture of glycerol monolaurate and cinnamaldehyde in laying hens\" [Poultry Science 103 (2024) 103645].","authors":"M Y Chen, Y L Duan, Y Zhu, J H Wang, Q B Hu, S S Guo, B Y Ding, Z F Zhang, L L Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}