Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of a novel IGFBP-2 transcript in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles: mRNA expression, function and effect of reproductive hormones and IGF1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (<strong>IGFBP-2</strong>), a binding protein of insulin-like growth factor (<strong>IGF</strong>) system, regulates the activity of IGFs and also influences cellular function with endogenous activity. In mammals, IGFBP-2 is reported to affect ovarian follicle development and steroidogenesis; however, its role in the chicken ovary is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression and function of a novel <em>IGFBP-2</em> transcript and the effect of reproductive hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1 (<strong>IGF1</strong>) on its expression in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles. The mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> was significantly increased in granulosa cells after follicle selection and was higher in hierarchical granulosa cells (<strong>Post-GCs</strong>) than in pre-hierarchical granulosa cells (<strong>Pre-GCs</strong>). IGFBP-2 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of both Pre-GCs and Post-GCs, enhanced the mRNA expression of genes involved in progesterone (<strong>P4</strong>) synthesis in Pre-GCs. However, in Post-GCs, IGFBP-2 inhibited the mRNA expression of these genes and suppressed P4 secretion. The mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> was inhibited by estradiol (<strong>E2</strong>) and follicle-stimulating hormone (<strong>FSH</strong>), but enhanced by P4 in Pre-GCs. In Post-GCs, FSH and IGF1 stimulated the mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> synergistically. Knockdown of <em>IGFBP-2</em> attenuated the stimulatory effect of IGF1 on the mRNA expression of the side chain cleavage enzyme cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (<strong><em>CYP11A1</em></strong>). These findings indicate that IGFBP-2 is regulated by FSH and IGF1, exerts different functions in Pre-GCs and Post-GCs in regulating IGF1 and plays an important role in chicken follicle development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and P4 synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed potential mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles.","authors":"Xinyue Hu, Yali Liu, Bincheng Tang, Jiwei Hu, Hua He, Hehe Liu, Liang Li, Shenqiang Hu, Jiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pectoral muscle development is an important economic trait. According to the different essence, muscle development can be divided into 2 processes: embryonic muscle fiber generation and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy, and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy has a greater impact on muscle development than the number of muscle fibers formed during the embryonic phase in poultry. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles have not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct transcriptome sequencing in pectoral muscles of both Landes (LD) and Sichuan White (SW) geese at 6, 10, and 30 weeks of age to reveal the molecular mechanisms regulating pectoral muscle hypertrophy through intra-breed and inter-breed bioinformatics analyses. Phenotypically, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD and SW geese increased from 6 to 30 weeks of age, and except for the pectoral muscle index at 10 weeks of age (P = 0.962), at the same age, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD geese were significantly higher than that of SW geese (P < 0.05). In transcriptional regulation, intra-breed bioinformatics analysis identified 3331 genes whose expression levels were opposite to the trend of pectoral muscle hypertrophy both in LD and SW geese, and the 3331 genes were mainly enriched into abundant KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism, proliferation/apoptosis, and immune response. Moreover, 23 genes (including SLC2A10, TNFRSF1A, PRKAA1, SLC27A4, ITGB2, THY1, RHOA, MYL10, ACTB, PRKCB, PIK3R2, RAC2, DMD, LATS2, YAP1, WWTR1, SMAD7, CTGF, FGF1, AXIN2, GLI2, ID2, and CCND2) who were enriched in 6 crosstalk pathways named viral myocarditis, insulin resistance, sphingolipid signaling pathway, hippo signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were identified as the key candidate genes regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles. In inter-breed bioinformatics analysis, abundant different expression genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism, immune response, and proliferation/apoptosis were identified between LD and SW geese too, and compared with SW geese, the expression level of MYL10 in LD geese was lower, while the expression levels of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 in LD geese were higher. These results suggested that the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles might be achieved through more lipid deposition and less leukocyte infiltration to promote the proliferation of cells within the muscles, and the low expression of MYL10 and high expressions of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 might the keys to induce the pectoral muscle hypertrophy of LD geese from 6 to 30 weeks of age over that of SW geese. All data the present study obtained will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of age-related changes in reproductive parameters of female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).","authors":"Maryam Taghipour-Shahbandi, Mahdi Zhandi, Zarbakht Ansari-Pirsaraei, Ali Reza Yousefi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decline in reproductive efficiency during post-peak period of production in poultry species holds significant economic implications. This study aimed to investigate the productive and reproductive performance of Japanese quails across distinct production stages and the association between these parameters and some genes expression and histometric alterations within the reproductive system. A total of 180 quails from a commercial flock were selected at varying egg production stages, including young, mature, and old, with 45 female and 15 male quails allocated to each group. The quails were maintained for six weeks. During recording period, daily records of egg production and egg weight were recorded. Additionally, oviduct histometric and Follicle biometric measurements, along with mRNA transcript abundance assessments related to follicular selection and yolk accumulation, were conducted on the oviduct, ovary, and small yellow follicles at the end of the experimental period. The results revealed a decrease in egg production in the old group compared to the young and mature groups (P < 0.05); meanwhile, the old group had the highest egg weight, and F1 follicle weight (P < 0.05). Additionally, the number of prehierarchical follicles was lower in the mature and old groups compared to the young group (P < 0.05). The lowest oviduct length, primary and secondary fold height, and thickness of the isthmus and magnum were noted in the old group (P < 0.05). Fertility and hatchability were lower in the old group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA transcript abundance of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), was highest in the old group and lowest in the young group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA transcript abundance of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) was higher in the mature group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the young quails had the highest occludin (OCLN) mRNA transcript abundance compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Overall, the study findings indicate decreased production and reproductive performance, as well as reduced hatchling quality over the production period, attributed to a declining number of follicles, noncooperative gene expression related to follicle selection and yolk accumulation, and diminishing oviduct fold size.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Pasteurella multocida induces chicken macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting the Zyxin-FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB axis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pasteurella multocida</em> (<em>P. multocida</em>) can cause infection in various animals, especially livestock and poultry, which can lead to substantial losses to the breeding industry. However, the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em> remains largely unknown. In this study, the mechanisms of avian <em>P. multocida</em> pathogenesis were explored. Chicken macrophage HD11 cells were infected with the avian strain PmQ and the bovine strain PmCQ2. PmQ induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis and exerted a stronger anti-phagocytotic effect on HD11 cells than PmCQ2. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that focal adhesion (FA)-related genes were significantly downregulated in PmQ-infected HD11 cells compared with that of PmCQ2. Subsequently, phalloidin staining of the F-actin assembly revealed that PmQ more significantly inhibited the formation of FAs in HD11 than PmCQ2. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of Zyxin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly decreased in PmQ-infected cells, confirming that PmQ inhibited FAs. Consequently, PmQ inhibited the FA downstream factor Akt, which decreased NF-κB and FoxO1 phosphorylation, as evidenced by the decreased expression of downstream anti-apoptotic genes (<em>GADD45B, BCL2L1, BCL2A1</em>, and <em>BIRC2</em>) and increased expression of downstream pro-apoptotic genes (<em>BCL6, PKL2, PKL3,</em> and <em>KLF2</em>). Conversely, pharmaceutically inhibiting FA formation using latrunculin A better enhanced PmCQ2-induced than PmQ-induced apoptosis in HD11 cells. Similarly, the knockdown of Zyxin or FoxO1 by siRNA both boosted the PmCQ2-induced apoptosis rates equal to those of PmQ. These results demonstrated that PmQ inhibited Zyxin-dependent FA formation and disrupted the FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB pathway to induce apoptosis in chicken macrophages. This study thus offers insights into the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em>, which could facilitate the development of new strategies against <em>P. multocida</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colistin-niclosamide effervescent dry suspension combats colistin-resistant Salmonella in vitro and in vivo","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing incidence of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (<strong>MDR</strong>) Gram-negative bacteria has deepened the need for new effective treatments. It has been reported that niclosamide (<strong>NIC</strong>) can restore the sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to colistin (<strong>COL</strong>). However, NIC is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents, leading to limited therapeutic applications. This study aims to prepare a COL-NIC effervescent dry suspension (<strong>CNEDS</strong>) and evaluate its antibacterial effect against COL-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> both <em>in vitro</em> and in broiler chickens. With the sedimentation volume ratio as an index, suitable suspending agent, wetting agent, filler and effervescent agent were screened through a single-factor method. The preparation conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface method to obtain the formulation for CNEDS. The quality evaluation results showed that the successfully prepared CNEDS had a sedimentation volume ratio of 0.99, a drying weight loss of 1.3%, and a re-dispersion capability of 1-2 times, all of which met pharmacopoeial requirements. In terms of pharmacological evaluation, we first demonstrated that CNEDS substantially restored COL sensitivity against COL-resistant bacteria<em>.</em> Subsequently, time-killing analysis, scanning electron microscopy (<strong>SEM</strong>) and live/dead assays confirmed the antibacterial activity of CNEDS against COL-resistant bacteria. Finally, a <em>Salmonella</em> infection model in broiler chickens was established to further assess the therapeutic effect of CNEDS <em>in vivo</em>. CNEDS improved the survival rate of broiler chickens, reduced the bacterial burden on organs. These findings suggest that CNEDS effectively overcome COL resistance, indicating its potential for the treatment of COL-resistant bacterial infections in broiler chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of amendment types and rates in reducing ammonia emissions from broiler litter.","authors":"Sabina Poudel, Debolina Chakraborty, Rishi Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several amendments have been used to reduce ammonia (NH₃) emissions from broiler litter (BL); however, a comparative study between amendments and their application rates has not been fully explored. This study evaluated the potential of biochar (B), zeolite (Z), Flue Gas Desulphurization-Gypsum (FGD-G), and sodium bisulfate (S) at four application rates in reducing NH₃ emissions from BL. The treatments comprised of amendment types (4) and their application rates (4), and a control with no amendment for a total of 17 treatments replicated twice and arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were incubated at 30 °C for 40 days at a moisture content of 40% (w/w), and NH₃ emissions were measured every day for the first 10 days and 3 days intervals afterward for 40 days. Results showed that the application of 13 and 17% B (w/w) reduced cumulative NH₃ emissions by 41 and 46%, respectively, compared to control over a 40-day period. Zeolite application at 8 and 11% reduced NH₃ by 20 and 33%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the different rates of FGD-G, and they were generally less effective; however, a 15% FGD-G rate reduced NH₃ by 9.1%. Application of S at rates of 2, 4, 6, and 7% significantly reduced NH₃ emissions by 91, 99, 100, and 100 %, respectively. The effectiveness of amendments to reduce ammonia emissions followed the order: S > B > Z > FGD-G. These findings contribute to an ongoing effort to identify non-acidic amendments to minimize NH₃ emissions in broiler houses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of substituting soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal mixture on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, blood biochemical indices and intestinal barrier function in Langshan Chickens.","authors":"Zhaochen Wang, Tong Xing, Lin Zhang, Liang Zhao, Feng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the effects of substituting soybean meal with a mixture of solid-state fermented rapeseed meal, apple pomace, and wheat bran on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, blood biochemical indices and intestinal barrier function of Langshan chickens. A total of 144 30-day-old Langshan chickens with similar body weights were randomly divided into three treatment groups, with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: the control group (CON) was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, while the rapeseed meal mixture group (RSM) and the fermented rapeseed meal mixture group (FRSM) were fed diets substituting 5 % of soybean meal with rapeseed meal mixture and fermented rapeseed meal mixture, respectively. The trial lasted from 30 to 58 days of age. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the RSM group exhibited no significant changes in average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (P > 0.05); the dressing percentage, half-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield decreased (P < 0.05); the pH_24h and yellowness of breast muscle increased (P < 0.05); the crypt depth of the jejunum decreased, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio increased (P < 0.05); the serum D-lactic acid content decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the FRSM group exhibited no significant changes in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P > 0.05); the eviscerated yield increased (P < 0.05); the serum glucose and uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.05); the crypt depth of the jejunum decreased, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio increased (P < 0.05); the serum D-lactic acid content decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the RSM group, the FRSM group exhibited no significant changes in ADFI, ADG and F/G (P > 0.05); the dressing percentage, half-eviscerated yield and eviscerated yield increased (P < 0.05); the pH_24h of breast muscle decreased; the serum glucose and uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.05).In conclusion, RSM reduced the slaughter performance of Langshan chickens, while FRSM improved their slaughter performance. Both RSM and FRSM improved the jejunal morphology and intestinal permeability in Langshan chickens. In conclusion, fermentation improved the feed value of the rapeseed meal mixture; replacing part of the soybean meal diet with fermented rapeseed meal mixture helped improve the slaughter performance and intestinal barrier of Langshan chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing low-protein diets with edible dock powder: Integrated effects on growth performance, slaughter quality, Organ weights, Muscle quality, and Cecal microbiota in growing Sanhua geese.","authors":"Xianze Wang, Huiying Wang, Yi Liu, Guangquan Li, Yunzhou Yang, Cui Wang, Shaoming Gong, Daqian He, Shufang Chen, Huiyan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with Edible Dock Powder (EDP) on the growth performance, slaughter traits, serum biochemical parameters, muscle quality, and cecal microbiota of Sanhua geese. A total of 288 healthy, five-week-old Sanhua geese were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three crude protein levels (16.00 %, 14.50 %, and 13.00 %) and two levels of EDP supplementation (0 % and 2.50 %). Two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were used for statistical analysis. EDP supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) during both growth phases (P<0.01). Lower protein levels significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increased the apparent digestibility of gross energy (ADGE) (P<0.01). EDP significantly improved slaughter rate and eviscerated yield (P<0.05), while reducing liver weight and webbed feet yield (P<0.01). Reduced protein levels decreased serum globulin (GLB) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (P<0.05), with significant interactions between protein levels and EDP supplementation (P<0.05). EDP also significantly altered the cecal microbiota composition, reducing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Megamonas, and Collinsella (P<0.05), and affecting KEGG pathways related to protein modification and secondary metabolite degradation (P<0.05). In conclusion, EDP supplementation in low-protein diets improved growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and cecal microbiota, showing potential as a sustainable feed additive for reducing environmental impact and improving the economic efficiency of poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary mangosteen peel powder and extract on the growth performance, meat quality and indicators for immunity, gut health and antioxidant activity in broiler chicks.","authors":"Da-Hye Kim, Hyeon Mo Yang, Ju-Yong Song, Jina Park, Byung-Yeon Kwon, Anh Viet Vu, Dae Sung Lee, Kyung-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary mangosteen peel preparations, either powdered (MspP) or ethanolic extract (MspE), on the growth performance, meat quality, immune response, gut health, serum biochemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of broiler chicks. A total of 480 day-old straight-run broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly placed into four treatments, with eight replicates of 12 chicks each, and subjected to one of the four experimental diets for 21 days. The corn and soybean meal-based diet was supplemented with 2% MspP (20 g per kg of diet) or 0.05% and 0.1% MspE (0.5 g and 1.0 g per kg of diet). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and post hoc comparisons of treatments were performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. From days 0 to 21, dietary mangosteen peel preparations did not affect growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), thigh meat and tibia characteristics, serum markers of innate immunity (interferon-r, interleukin-10, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and nitric oxide), and ileal morphology in broiler chicks (P > 0.05). Dietary mangosteen peel preparations increased the percentage of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased the relative concentrations of isobutyrate and branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta compared with the control chickens. Notably, dietary mangosteen peel preparations altered the antioxidant characteristics of the serum, liver, and thigh meat. Dietary MspE increased glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.039) in the serum and catalase in the serum (P = 0.008), liver (P = 0.05), and thigh meat (P = 0.01) compared to the control group. In addition, dietary MspP increased catalase levels in thigh meat compared to those in the control diet-fed chickens (P = 0.01). The concentration of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was lower in all chicks-fed diets containing mangosteen peel preparations; however, statistical significance was only noted in the serum samples (P < 0.0001). Collectively, our study shows that dietary mangosteen peel preparations are potent natural antioxidants that can be used as functional dietary additives to effectively mitigate oxidative stress in broiler chicks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Eimeria challenge on growth performance, intestine integrity, and cecal microbial diversity and composition of yellow broilers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasion of <em>Eimeria</em> causes damage to the intestinal barrier, nutrient leakage, and microbial imbalance in poultry. We aimed to investigate the effects of <em>Eimeria</em> infection on growth performance, intestinal integrity, and cecal microbial diversity and composition of yellow broilers. A total of 180 male yellow broilers were randomly divided into an unchallenged control and an <em>Eimeria</em> challenge treatment group within 18 floor pens (10 chicks/pen, 9 replicate pens/group). On day 10, 90 chicks received a cocktail of <em>E. maxima, E. acervulina</em>, and <em>E. tenella</em> oocysts (10⁵/chick) to induce coccidial infection, and the other 90 received an aliquot of PBS. The <em>Eimeria</em> challenge resulted in increased bird feed consumption and FCR from day 11 to 21 (all P &lt; 0.01). Higher fecal <em>Eimeria</em> counts, duodenal, jejunal, and cecal lesions were observed in the challenge group on day 12, 15, 15, 18 respectively (all P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the infected birds had larger livers and small intestines, deeper villus crypt, and decreased expression of <em>Claudin-1</em> on day 21 (all P &lt; 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that alpha diversity (Sobs, Shannon, Simpson, Ace, or Chao) of cecal microbials was not affected by <em>Eimeria</em> challenge (all P &gt; 0.05). However, the PCoA and LEfSe analyses indicated that the <em>Eimeria</em> challenge altered microbial distribution by decreasing the abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> and enriching the abundance of <em>Proteobacteria</em> at the phylum level. At the genus level, <em>Clostridia vadin BB60</em> and <em>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136</em> group were reduced, while <em>Escherichia</em>-<em>Shigella</em> were enriched in the challenged yellow broilers (all P &lt; 0.05). Correlation analyses demonstrated that the birds with higher <em>Lachonospiraceae NK4A136</em> group and <em>Clostridia vadin BB60</em>, and lower <em>Escherichia</em>-<em>Shigella</em> in their cecal content gained more BW and reached a lower FCR from day 11 to 21 (all P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, <em>Eimeria</em> infection compromised feed efficiency of yellow broilers by damaging intestinal barrier and shifting cecal microbiota towards colonizers associated with poor performance. Restoring the dysbiotic microbiome could be a potential strategy for improving feed efficiency in yellow broilers under coccidial challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}