Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Phytogenic feed additives as an approach to prevent fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens","authors":"Mohammadreza Khodaei ,&nbsp;Mehran Torki ,&nbsp;Fariborz Khajali ,&nbsp;Iraj Karimi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a major concern in laying hen production, causing significant economic losses and animal welfare issues. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the preventive effects of three functional feed additives—a multi-mix (MM), citrus pectin (CP), and phytogenic additives (PA)—in hens fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-energy, low-protein challenge diet (CD) formulated to induce FLHS. A total of 384 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens (65 to 77 weeks of age) were randomly assigned in a 4 × 2 factorial design. Feeding the CD significantly reduced feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), and egg mass (EM) compared to the SD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Significant diet × additive interactions were observed for all performance traits across all periods (<em>P</em> = 0.0001). MM supplementation notably restored FI and significantly improved EP and EM in CD-fed hens, while also yielding the highest EW among CD treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CP improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the CD group (<em>P</em> = 0.0191), but reduced EW (<em>P</em> = 0.0237). Additives had minimal effect in hens fed the SD. For hematological parameters, significant diet × additive interactions were detected. MM significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<em>P</em> = 0.0001), uric acid (UA) (<em>P</em> = 0.0049), and triglycerides (TG) (<em>P</em> = 0.0001), whereas it increased total protein (TP) (<em>P</em> = 0.0001) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) (<em>P</em> = 0.0075) in CD-fed hens. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) was significantly reduced in SD + CP and SD + MM groups (<em>P</em> = 0.0001). Hepatic lesion scores were markedly higher in CD-fed hens (<em>P</em> = 0.001); however, MM supplementation significantly reduced liver damage in this group. In conclusion, MM showed the most consistent protective effect against FLHS, improving performance, blood parameters, and liver health under dietary challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of temperature and storage time on the stability of biochemical parameters in broilers","authors":"Katalina C. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Andriele F. Qualhato ,&nbsp;Luis F.D. Albuquerque ,&nbsp;Thays de C. Trentin ,&nbsp;Ronan R. Santos ,&nbsp;Carmen E.B. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Gonzalo M. Oviedo ,&nbsp;Marcos B. Café ,&nbsp;Ana F.M. Botelho ,&nbsp;Danieli B. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry farming is a strategic sector of Brazilian agribusiness, requiring high health standards to ensure productivity and competitiveness. Biochemical tests are essential for monitoring poultry health, but pre-analytical variables can compromise their results. This study evaluated the influence of storage time and temperature on the stability of 14 serum analytes in COBB 500 broilers, both males and females, aged 35 and 40 days. Samples were analyzed under different conditions: room temperature (27 ± 2°C), refrigeration (6 ± 2°C), freezing (−20 ± 5°C), and ultra-freezing (−80 ± 5°C), over periods of up to 365 days. Analyte stability varied according to the analyte and storage condition. Lactate was the only parameter that remained stable under all tested condition. It is concluded that the preservation of biochemical analytes depends directly on storage conditions, which must be carefully considered to ensure the reliability of results in healthy broilers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing white mushroom stem powder as a sustainable substitute for soybean meal in layer chick diets","authors":"Kayla G. Stamps ,&nbsp;Ahmed A.A. Abdel-Wareth ,&nbsp;Md Salahuddin ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Balan ,&nbsp;Maedeh Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Woo Kyun Kim ,&nbsp;Weihang Zhu ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Taylor Rounds-Carter ,&nbsp;Cassandra D. Gray ,&nbsp;Adrian M.W. Aviña ,&nbsp;Trahmilla Carr ,&nbsp;Amri Williams ,&nbsp;Adebowale Bakare ,&nbsp;Jayant Lohakare","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for sustainable and cost-effective protein alternatives to soybean meals in poultry diets is a growing priority. White mushroom stems (WMS), a nutrient-dense byproduct of mushroom cultivation, may offer a viable solution due to their content of protein, fiber, and bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the effects of dietary WMS powder on growth, organ development, blood biochemistry, and gas emissions in layer pullets. A total of 160 three-week-old Lohmann LSL Lite pullets were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments containing 0% (control), 2%, 4%, or 6% WMS powder with five replicates of eight birds each. Body weight was recorded weekly, while gas emissions (CO₂, CH₄, and NH₃) were measured using a sensor-based detection system. At the end of a 5-week-long trial, blood and internal organs were collected for further analysis. The inclusion of WMS at levels up to 6% had no significant effect (linear and quadratic P &gt; 0.10) on body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or relative organ weights. Serum biochemical markers, including liver and kidney function indicators, were unaffected by WMS supplementation (linear and quadratic P &gt; 0.10). However, WMS influenced serum mineral profiles, with significant linear or quadratic effects observed for calcium (linear P = 0.019; quadratic P = 0.047), phosphorus (quadratic P = 0.005), sodium (linear P = 0.033; quadratic P = 0.023), potassium (linear P = 0.017), and chloride (linear P = 0.015; quadratic P = 0.026) concentrations. Gas emissions exhibited dose-dependent responses, with CO₂ decreasing linearly (P &lt; 0.001), and NH₃ and CH₄ showing both linear (P &lt; 0.001) and quadratic (P &lt; 0.046) trends. In conclusion, adding WMS up to 6% had no negative impact on bird performance and may help reduce gas emissions, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable alternative to soybean meal in poultry diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe effects of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis on hatchability and first-week performance following inoculation of 18-day-incubated embryonated broiler eggs","authors":"T.T.M. Manders ,&nbsp;J.J. de Louwere ,&nbsp;R. Meijerhof ,&nbsp;A. Nangsuay ,&nbsp;M. van de Beek ,&nbsp;L. van der Graaf-Bloois ,&nbsp;A.L. Zomer ,&nbsp;F. Vargas ,&nbsp;J.J. de Wit","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In ovo</em> vaccinations have been widely used in the poultry industry over the past three decades. During vaccination, various factors, including bacterial contamination of embryonated eggs, can negatively affect hatchability, chick quality and first-week performance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inoculation with different bacteria at incubation day 18 on hatchability, chick quality and first-week mortality. Furthermore, the effects of different bacterial doses on the same parameters were assessed.</div><div>First, inoculation strains were selected by isolating bacteria from unhatched, <em>in ovo-</em>vaccinated eggs in commercial hatcheries. A total of 23 bacteria species were isolated, with <em>E. coli</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em> being the most commonly found species in eggs from all hatcheries. The virulence of ten <em>E. coli</em> and ten <em>E. faecalis</em> isolates was assessed using an embryo lethality assay. Subsequently, the most virulent strains of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em> were selected for an animal experiment. Eighteen-day incubated embryonated broiler eggs were inoculated with 0.1 ml of bacteria suspension or peptone physiological saline, using 36 eggs per group. Three different bacterial doses (10², 10⁴ or 10⁶ colony-forming unit/egg) were used. Hatching rate, time of hatch, chick length, and Pasgar score were determined at the end of the incubation process and mortality, time of death, and chick weight in the first week of life.</div><div>Hatchability did not significantly differ between the different doses when <em>E. faecalis</em> was inoculated, ranging from 56 to 69 %. First-week mortality in these groups ranged from 36 to 86 %, while chick quality did not differ from the control groups. <em>E. coli</em> was pathogenic at all tested doses, with no chicks hatching in any of these groups. In all groups (<em>E. coli</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em>), severe drops in hatchability and increased first-week mortality were observed. Therefore, strict hygiene measures should be implemented in hatcheries during <em>in ovo</em> vaccination to prevent contamination of eggs with low numbers (&lt;10² cfu/egg) of virulent bacteria, such as <em>E. coli</em> and <em>E. faecalis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metagenomics and metabolomic to reveal the effects of dietary comfrey polysaccharides on the oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of egg yolks in laying hens","authors":"Hongmei Shang ,&nbsp;Wenting Gou ,&nbsp;Shaonan Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Zihang Cao ,&nbsp;Yang Guo ,&nbsp;Nanyi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the influences of comfrey (<em>Symphytum officinale</em> L.) polysaccharides (CPs) in the diet of laying hens on the oxidation stability and fatty acid composition of the egg yolks based on metagenomic and metabolomics techniques. Dietary CPs improved the total phenolic content in fresh and stored eggs. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased, and the content of malondialdehyde was reduced in the stored eggs of the 1.0 % group of CPs. Dietary supplementation with 1.0 % CPs increased some polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in stored egg yolk, including dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3n6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3). The abundances of <em>Methanobrevibacter, Parabacteroides</em>, and <em>Merdibacter</em> in the caecum were increased in the 1.0 % group of CPs. The content of melatonin was increased, and the contents of palmitic acid and myristic acid in the caecum were decreased by CPs. These results suggested that CPs could improve the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of egg yolks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric powder enhances growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and renal function in broiler chickens","authors":"Khanzada Khan ,&nbsp;Hanan Al-Khalaifah ,&nbsp;Nazir Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir Khan ,&nbsp;Rasha Alonaizan ,&nbsp;Rifat Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Shabana Naz ,&nbsp;Ala Abudabos ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Alhidary","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary cinnamon and turmeric powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and renal function in broiler chickens. A total of 300 ROSS 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments: control, 0.5 % cinnamon, 1.0 % cinnamon, 0.5 % turmeric, and 1.0 % turmeric powder, each with six replicates of 10 birds. Birds were reared from day 1 to 42 under standard management, with treatment diets offered from day 6 onwards. Results revealed that birds receiving 1.0 % cinnamon and 1.0 % turmeric exhibited significantly higher body weight gain, feed intake, and improved feed conversion ratio throughout the trial (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). These groups also showed superior carcass traits, including higher dressing percentage and breast/thigh weights, along with reduced abdominal fat. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, fat, and fiber was markedly enhanced in the high-dose groups. Immune response, as assessed by antibody titers against infectious bursal disease (IBD), infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was significantly elevated in the 1.0 % cinnamon and turmeric groups. Additionally, these treatments resulted in significantly lower serum uric acid levels, indicating improved renal function. Overall, the inclusion of 1.0 % cinnamon or turmeric powder improved growth, health, and nutrient utilization in broilers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline immune profiles of local chicken breeds: linking biodiversity, animal health, and vaccination response","authors":"Luise Freier ,&nbsp;Josefine Stuff ,&nbsp;Nina Götzke ,&nbsp;Rudolf Preisinger ,&nbsp;Christian Grund ,&nbsp;Inga Tiemann ,&nbsp;Steffen Weigend ,&nbsp;Ulrike Blohm","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chickens are one of the world’s most important farm animals. With an increasing demand for poultry meat and eggs in recent years, chickens play an essential role in global nutrition and agriculture. However, a severe loss of genetic diversity in livestock has been caused by the focus on high-performance lines, with many traditional and local breeds being threatened with extinction. Although it is assumed that traditional local breeds are more resilient to disease and less susceptible to external influences, little is known about their immunocompetence. This study focuses on the immunological performance of three local chicken breeds (Altsteirer, Bielefelder, and Ramelsloher) in Germany. To evaluate general immunocompetence, blood samples from naïve chicken throughout their lifespan were analyzed by flow cytometry. In adult chickens, minor breed differences were detected regarding the composition of T cell subtypes. However, in day-old chicks the presence of these T cells differs greatly between breeds. To assess the immunological memory after Newcastle Disease Virus vaccination, cellular and humoral immune responses were analyzed. Both, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that the duration of immunity depends on the genetic background. Breed-specific proliferation phenotypes were observed up to tolerance induction in one breed after viral re-stimulation. The immune differences among local chicken breeds can explain their differential response to Newcastle Disease vaccination, providing immune markers for breed selection in organic farming. The results of the present study represent the genetic diversity of chicken breeds and show differences in the immunocompetence of local breeds. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic variation of immunological traits beyond commercial hybrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing","authors":"Yang-Guang Jin ,&nbsp;Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-Rong Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Yan-Ni Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Long-Ji Sun ,&nbsp;Shi-Hao Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Xing-Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated both single and multiple dosing regimens of difloxacin administered via different routes to Sichuan Shelducks: single intramuscular (<strong>sIM</strong>), intravenous (<strong>sIV</strong>), oral gavage (<strong>sPO</strong>), and multiple intramuscular (<strong>mIM</strong>) and oral gavage (<strong>mPO</strong>) administrations. The sIV, sPO, and sIM groups received a single dose of difloxacin at 10 mg/kg body weight (<strong>BW</strong>). The mPO and mIM groups received multiple doses of 10 mg/kg BW at 12-hour intervals: the mPO group received 10 oral doses, and the mIM group received 6 intramuscular doses. Blood samples were collected at various time points from 0 to 48 hours, and plasma concentrations of difloxacin were analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (<strong>HPLC</strong>) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Phoenix software and non-compartmental analysis (<strong>NCA</strong>). The peak plasma concentration (<strong>C_max</strong>) values were 2.05 ± 0.60, 2.26 ± 0.36, 2.81 ± 0.92, and 3.42 ± 0.59 μg/mL for the sPO, sIM, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively, with corresponding peak time (<strong>t_max</strong>) of 0.75 ± 0.17, 0.77 ± 0.26, 0.96 ± 0.61, and 0.65 ± 0.33 hours. The PO and IM bioavailability (<strong>F</strong>) after single administration were 96.00 % ± 22.03 % and 87.62 % ± 9.81 %, respectively. Following single IV administration, difloxacin exhibited extensive distribution, with a volume of distribution (<strong>V_Z</strong>) of 6.12 ± 3.59 L/kg and a steady-state volume of distribution (<strong>V_SS</strong>) of 3.18 ± 1.09 L/kg. Difloxacin was eliminated slowly, with terminal half-lives (<strong>t_1/2λz</strong>) of 10.77 ± 1.78, 4.53 ± 4.44, 4.53 ± 2.97, 6.00 ± 2.00, and 5.33 ± 4.35 hours in the sPO, sIM, sIV, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively. Based on the AUC/MIC ratios, the current single IV and PO dosing regimens, as well as the multiple IM and PO regimens, appear effective against pathogens with MIC values ≤ 0.1 μg/mL. However, the single IM dose of 10 mg/kg BW may be inadequate for treating infections caused by organisms with MIC values &gt; 0.1 μg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking a thin line: Thinning broiler houses with Salmonella contaminated material","authors":"L. De Witte ,&nbsp;K. De Reu ,&nbsp;F. Van Immerseel ,&nbsp;J. Van Raemdonck ,&nbsp;N. Botteldoorn ,&nbsp;G. Rasschaert","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> Infantis and <em>Salmonella</em> Paratyphi B var. Java are important human pathogens that are mainly found on chicken meat and derivative products. Furthermore, both serovars are dominantly present in the Belgian broiler sector. In search of contamination routes in the sector, equipment used during partial depopulation or thinning was sampled at ten different broiler farms. All thinning materials, such as the trucks, crates and workwear of the catching crew were sampled before entering the broiler houses. To evaluate if the remaining birds became colonized by <em>Salmonella</em> strains introduced during thinning, the broiler houses were sampled twice using overshoes. Once immediately before thinning and approximately one week after thinning, immediately before final depopulation. The results show that during nine of the ten thinning events <em>Salmonella</em> was present on the equipment used. Especially the crates and loading surfaces of the trucks were frequently contaminated, 19.3 % (62/320) of the sampled crates and 50 % (11/22) of the sampled trucks were found contaminated with <em>S.</em> Infantis, Paratyphi B var. Java or Livingstone. The relative prevalences of <em>S.</em> Infantis, Java and Livingstone were, respectively, 31.3 %, 67.5 % and 1.3 %. Despite the presence of <em>Salmonella</em> during thinning, no cross-contamination to the remaining chickens was observed. A low abundance of <em>Salmonella</em> bacteria, a higher resistance of the older (five weeks), remaining chickens or a small sampling size can explain these results. Nevertheless, the results of this case report underscore the importance of appropriate biosecurity during thinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an ELISPOT assay for numerating IFN-γ-secreting T cells in chicken using novel monoclonal antibodies","authors":"Zhou Zhou ,&nbsp;Ji Wu ,&nbsp;Huining Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinjie Yuan ,&nbsp;Ye Meng ,&nbsp;Lina Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Hao ,&nbsp;Shaobin Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellular immune responses play critical roles in the control of pathogenic infection. The measurement of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells via an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (<strong>ELISPOT)</strong> is a valuable method for the evaluation of cellular immune responses. However, in chicken, few of monoclonal antibodies <strong>(mAbs</strong>) against chicken IFN-γ <strong>(chIFN-γ</strong>) are suitable for this application. In this study, three anti-chIFN-γ mAbs (2B10, 3F10, 5A7) were generated by immunization with pcDNA-chIFN-γ plasmid and recombinant Hela cell line stably expressing chIFN-γ (<strong>Hela-chIFN-γ</strong>). Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that these mAbs specifically recognized eukaryotically-expressed chIFN-γ in DF-1 cells and natural chIFN-γ secreted by mitogen-activated chicken splenocytes. Furthermore, using 3F10 as a capture antibody and biotinylated 5A7 as a detection antibody, an ELISPOT assay was established for numerating IFN-γ-secreting T cells of chicken. This chIFN-γ ELISPOT assay had higher reactivity than a commercially available kit and showed no cross-reactivity with activated lymphocytes from geese and ducks. This assay was further applied to detect the frequency of MDV antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells in the spleen of CVI988-immunized chickens. Collectively, we developed and validated an ELISPOT assay for detecting IFN-γ-secreting T cells in chickens using novel anti-chIFN-γ mAbs. Our study provides an important immunological tool for in-depth analysis of cellular immune response in chicken after infection or vaccination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}