Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Novel insights into the mechanisms of seasonal cyclicity of testicles by proteomics and transcriptomics analyses in goose breeder lines\" [Poultry Science, 103(11), 2024 Nov, 104213].","authors":"Ichraf Mabrouk, Yupu Song, Qiuyuan Liu, Jingyun Ma, Yuxuan Zhou, Jin Yu, Jiahui Hou, Xiangman Hu, Xinyue Li, Guizhen Xue, Heng Cao, Xiaoming Ma, Jing Xu, Jingbo Wang, Hongxiao Pan, Guoqing Hua, Jingtao Hu, Yongfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and characterization of biofilm-forming and multidrug-resistant Shigella spp. in retail poultry meat and associated environments in Sylhet, Bangladesh.","authors":"Suchona Aktera, Md Hasan Alib, Hemayet Hossainc, Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhurya, Mohammad Nahian Rahmana, Sumaya Shargin Khana, Afroza Sultana Nitua, Tanvir Ahmada, Md Mukter Hossaina, Md Bashir Uddina, Md Mahfujur Rahmana","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shigella spp. are important foodborne pathogens increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and contamination within retail poultry-handling environments. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) determinants, virulence-associated genes, efflux pump genes, and biofilm-forming ability of Shigella spp. isolated from retail poultry meat and associated environments in Sylhet, Bangladesh. A total of 300 samples, including cloacal swabs, meat, handler hand swabs, utensil swabs, and wastewater samples, were collected and analyzed using culture-based methods, biochemical tests, and species-specific PCR. We also performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and molecular characterization. Overall, 50.0% (150/300) of samples were culture-positive for Shigella. Among the 150 culture-positive samples, 144 (96.0%) were confirmed by species-specific PCR, including 98 Shigella flexneri and 46 S. dysenteriae isolates. When calculated against the total number of samples tested, Shigella flexneri and S. dysenteriae were present in 32.67% (98/300) and 15.33% (46/300) of samples, respectively, with the highest prevalence observed in cloacal swabs (46.38% and 21.74%, respectively). AST revealed high resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (92.9% and 84.8%), tetracycline (87.7% and 87.0%), azithromycin (86.7% and 76.1%), and levofloxacin (76.5% and 56.5%) among S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae, respectively. In contrast, cefixime and gentamicin remained the most effective agents, showing susceptibility rates of 82.7% and 80.6% in S. flexneri and 67.4% and 58.7% in S. dysenteriae. The predominant resistance genes were tetA (72.45; 78.26%), qnrS (80.61; 89.13%), sul1 (50.0; 69.57%), and bla_TEM (38.78; 45.65%), while efflux pump genes acrAB (60.20; 80.43%) and tolC (77.55; 86.96%) were widely distributed. Biofilm formation was detected in 37.76% and 56.52% of isolates by Congo red agar and in 27.55% and 36.96% by microtiter plate assay for S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae, respectively. All isolates exhibited MAR indices >0.20, while MDR and possible XDR (P-XDR) phenotypes were detected in 38.78% and 61.22% of S. flexneri and 58.70% and 41.30% of S. dysenteriae isolates, respectively. These findings highlight the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and biofilm-forming Shigella spp. within the investigated retail poultry-handling environment and underscore the need for strengthened biosecurity, antimicrobial stewardship, and One Health surveillance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"The combination of RNA-seq transcriptomics and data-independent acquisition proteomics reveal the mechanisms and function of different gooses testicular development at different stages of laying cycle\" [Poultry Science, 103(10), 2024 Oct, 104007].","authors":"Qiuyuan Liu, Yupu Song, Jingyun Ma, Ichraf Mabrouk, Yuxuan Zhou, Jingtao Hu, Yongfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Integrated omics reveals the regulatory role of PKCα in Sertoli cell proliferation and apoptosis through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in goose testis\" [Poultry Science, 104(6), 2025 Jun, 105123].","authors":"Yupu Song, Qiuyuan Liu, Jingyun Ma, Ichraf Mabrouk, Yuxuan Zhou, Xinyue Li, Guizhen Xue, Xiaoming Ma, Jing Xu, Jingbo Wang, Hongxiao Pan, Guoqing Hua, Heng Cao, Jingtao Hu, Yongfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunocastration and testosterone supplementation alter testicular development and muscle collagen gene expression in male chickens.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Kota Hoshina, Miyu Uemori, Shiro Egawa, Shotaro Nishimura, Yoshinao Z Hosaka","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunocastration using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine offers a potential alternative to surgical castration in poultry, yet its effects on growth performance and meat quality in chickens remain poorly characterized. Thirty-six male Sakura chickens were allocated to three groups (n = 12): control (C), immunocastration with Improvac at 4 and 8 wk (I), and immunocastration plus subcutaneous testosterone implantation at 8 wk (T). Birds were sampled at 10 and 16 wk. Immunocastration induced anti-GnRH antibody production in both I and T groups compared with C (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). At 16 wk, serum testosterone was lower in I than in C (P < 0.05), whereas T showed levels comparable to C. Gonadosomatic index was markedly reduced in T at 16 wk compared with both C and I (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), possibly reflecting combined HPG axis suppression by immunization and negative feedback by exogenous testosterone. Body weight was higher in C than in I and T from 7 wk onward (P < 0.01), but overall average daily gain did not differ among groups. Muscle color (L*, a*) differed between groups in the thigh but not in the breast. Raw shear force of the iliotibialis lateralis (ITL) was lower in I than in C and T (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), suggesting that immunocastration may reduce connective tissue stiffness in thigh muscle. In the breast muscle, COL3A1 mRNA expression was elevated in T compared with C and I (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), suggesting that testosterone may influence collagen gene expression in a muscle-specific manner. Further optimization of vaccination protocols specific to chickens is warranted to improve the consistency and efficacy of immunocastration effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics reveals genistein-mediated protection of broiler intestine against heat stress via metabolic-microbial-barrier crosstalk.","authors":"Jing Liu, Yan Shi, Jing Zou, Siting Lin, Zhenni Liu, Yunfeng Chen, Jingyan Luo, Limei Duan, Jincheng Li, Siyan Zhou, Xiaona Gao, Xiaoquan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress severely impairs intestinal health in broilers, highlighting the urgent need for effective nutritional interventions. This study examined whether dietary genistein (150 mg/kg) mitigates heat stress-induced intestinal injury in Ningdu Yellow chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old chicks were assigned to a 2 × 2 arrangement of thermal environment (thermoneutral or intermittent heat stress at 37 ± 2°C) and diet (basal diet or basal diet plus 150 mg/kg genistein), forming four groups: control, genistein, heat stress, and heat stress plus genistein. Duodenal morphology, antioxidant indices, and tight-junction and inflammatory proteins were measured; duodenal transcriptomes, cecal microbiota, and serum metabolites were profiled and integrated by correlation analysis. Phenotypic analyses demonstrated that genistein supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated heat stress-induced duodenal morphological damage, oxidative stress, barrier injury, and inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing showed that heat stress downregulated duodenal genes in protein processing, metabolic pathways, and tight junction signaling, while genistein reversed suppression of the tight junction pathway, modulated co-expression modules linked to barrier genes, and restored protein levels of CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN5, and CDC42. Cecal 16S rRNA sequencing showed that genistein partially restored the abundance of beneficial genera (Akkermansia and Lactobacillus) and β-diversity disrupted by heat stress. Serum metabolomic analysis indicated that genistein regulated amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Multi-omics integration constructed a \"metabolic-microbial-intestinal barrier\" crosstalk axis, with key correlations including a putative Arg-Trp-Arg feature correlated with Lactobacillus and CLDN3, CLDN11, and JAM3. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that genistein exerts multi-target protective effects against heat stress together with improved duodenal antioxidant and inflammatory indices and changes in microbial-metabolic correlations, thereby providing a theoretical basis for its application as a functional feed additive to mitigate heat stress in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The degree of polymerization influences the effects of pectic oligosaccharide on intestinal histomorphology, barrier function and microbial community structure in broilers.","authors":"Chong Ling, Jiarong Fang, Songtao Liu, Shitang Zhang, Furui Liang, Hui Ye, Qingyun Cao, Jianjun Zuo, Weiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate whether the degree of polymerization (DP) influences intestinal health benefits of pectic oligosaccharide (POS) in broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old female Huanghua yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated into 3 groups (10 replicates/group), which received a basal diet alone or supplemented with 600 mg/kg low‑DP (DP = 10) POS (LPOS) or 600 mg/kg high‑DP (DP = 17) POS (HPOS) over a 21‑day experimental period. The results showed that supplemental LPOS and HPOS tended to reduce (P = 0.081) average daily feed intake, but tended to increase (P < 0.10) relative duodenal weight and length along with relative ileal length. They also increased (P < 0.05) relative cecal weight and length, ileal villus height (VH), as well as duodenal and ileal VH to crypt depth ratio (VCR). LPOS showed a greater (P < 0.05) effect on ileal VCR, whilst HPOS additionally increased (P < 0.05) duodenal VH. Both LPOS and HPOS reduced (P < 0.05) serum endotoxin level, with HPOS also lowering (P < 0.05) serum D-lactic acid level. LPOS upregulated (P < 0.05) duodenal Zonula Occludens (ZO)-1 expression, while HPOS upregulated (P < 0.05) ileal Claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. Cecal microbial analysis demonstrated that HPOS elevated (P < 0.05) most α‑diversity indices, including Simpson index, Shannon index, Chao1 index, and phylogenetic diversity, whereas LPOS only increased (P < 0.05) Simpson index. Notably, LPOS, rather than HPOS, reduced (P < 0.05) the within‑group β‑diversity index (heterogeneity) of cecal microbial communities, and caused greater microbial separation (P < 0.05) from control group. Further analysis indicated that HPOS enriched (P < 0.05) a greater variety of beneficial bacteria in the cecum than LPOS. Moreover, LPOS increased (P < 0.05) cecal isovaleric acid concentration, while HPOS elevated (P < 0.05) cecal concentrations of propionic, valeric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids. In summary, LPOS and HPOS differentially promoted intestinal health in broilers, with HPOS being superior to LPOS in improving intestinal barrier and microbial community structure. These findings highlight an influence of the DP on the efficacy of POS, supporting the efficient application of POS in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary safflower seed oil supplementation modulates antiviral immunity in specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with fowl adenovirus serotype 8a.","authors":"Zhihui Zuo, Bing Wang, Tianyu Wu, Xin Wang, Zongxi Han, Huixin Li, Deying Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fowl adenovirus serotype 8a (FAdV-8a) is an important cause of inclusion body hepatitis in chickens, but nutritional strategies for enhancing host resistance remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation with safflower seed oil affected growth performance, viral burden, and immune responses in specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with FAdV-8a. Chickens received a basal diet containing 1% corn oil or the same diet containing 1% safflower seed oil and were inoculated oculonasally with 10⁶ TCID₅₀ of the low-virulence FAdV-8a strain JL/170408 at 21 d of age. Safflower seed oil increased average daily gain during days 1-21 and average daily feed intake during days 1-21 and 21-45, without affecting feed conversion ratio. The safflower seed oil group developed an earlier antibody peak (12 vs. 16 dpi) and generally higher antibody levels. Hepatic viral DNA loads were lower in safflower seed oil-fed birds at 3 and 7 dpi, whereas differences in viral DNA loads in other tissues were limited. Safflower seed oil also produced tissue- and time-dependent changes in avian β-defensins, Toll-like receptors, cytokines, antioxidant-related genes, NF-κB signaling molecules, PPAR-γ, CD4, and CD8. Overall, safflower seed oil supplementation was associated with improved early growth, enhanced FAdV-specific antibody responses, lower hepatic viral DNA loads, and broad transcriptional changes in immune- and antioxidant-related pathways. These findings support a modulatory effect of safflower seed oil on antiviral immune responses, while the underlying mechanisms require direct functional validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GREEN DISCOLORATION OF FATTENED GOOSE LIVER Factors and mechanisms influencing green discoloration in vacuum-packed frozen fattened goose liver.","authors":"Koppány L Majzinger, Gábor Jónás, Karina I Hidas, Anna Visy, Vilmos Lehota, Zsuzsanna Mednyánszky, Zsuzsanna Jókai-Szatura, László F Friedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface discoloration, particularly green discoloration in vacuum-packed frozen fattened goose liver, is a common quality defect, adversely affecting product acceptability. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of evisceration timing and frozen storage on green discoloration (Trial I), and to use controlled chemical induction models to assess potential contribution of sulfhemoglobin formation (Trial II). Force-fed male Greylag Landaise geese (n=60) were randomly selected and allocated to two experimental groups. After slaughter and initial processing, 50% of the birds were immediately eviscerated. Remaining half of the carcasses was eviscerated after 8 h cooling. Hemoglobin content was determined. Livers were vacuum-packed, frozen, color was measured. Livers were stored at -18°C for 35 d. Surface color was measured every 7 d. After storage, elemental analysis was conducted, amino acid profile analysis was performed and hydrogen sulfide was investigated. Artificial induction of green discoloration was attempted. Results of Trial I showed that under conditions of study, surface color was significantly affected by evisceration timing (P<0.001). Liver surface removed by cold evisceration turned green by 21 d. Elemental analysis resulted in significant difference (Fe, K and Mn). Amino acid analysis did not reveal significant differences. Hydrogen sulfide was confirmed in greened livers. Artificial induction of surface greening (Trial II) was successfully executed by application of H₂O₂+SO₂. These findings suggest that delayed evisceration promotes conditions favorable for sulfhemoglobin formation, providing a plausible mechanistic explanation for green discoloration, likely through the interaction of hydrogen sulfide with residual hemoglobin under low oxygen conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the gut microbiome and resistome in Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowls by different dietary selenium forms.","authors":"Li Zhang, Mengjun Ye, Yifan Dong, Lijuan Yuan, Suyan Qiu, Huming Shao, Dawen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107919","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Selenium is a widely utilized supplement in poultry production. Its bioavailability and tissue deposition vary with chemical form and may affect the gut microenvironment. Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl (TBSF), a Chinese endemic breed with systemic melanin deposition, exhibit enhanced absorption and enrichment of diverse compounds. As a metalloid, selenium may also promote antimicrobial resistance in microbiomes, including those of the gut. However, its impact on the TBSF gut microbiota and resistome remains unknown. We therefore investigated how selenium chemical form influences the cecal microbiome and resistome. Four dietary treatment groups of TBSF (n = 120 birds per group; 60 males and 60 females) were fed for 80 days: CK (selenium-deficient control), YS (sodium selenite), JS (yeast-derived selenium), and DS (selenomethionine), with measured dietary selenium concentrations of 0.05 ± 0.002, 0.33 ± 0.023, 0.35 ± 0.017, and 0.36 ± 0.042 mg/kg, respectively. We performed metagenomic sequencing analysis to assess alterations in microbial composition and resistome profiles in cecum. Results demonstrated that selenium supplementation significantly modulated cecal microbiota structure in both male and female birds(Bray-Curtis distance-based analysis, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P &lt; 0.05), with pronounced sex-dependent differences. The relative abundances of three prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), bcrA, efrA, and fusA, were significantly elevated in selenium-supplemented groups compared with the CK group (Kruskal-Wallis H test, FDR-adjusted P &lt; 0.05). Selenium supplementation reduced mobile genetic element (MGE) type diversity while increasing overall MGE relative abundance. Transposases and recombinases were the two most abundant MGE-associated functional classes. Mantel correlation analysis revealed strong associations between cecal microbiota composition and both ARG and MGE profiles (r ≥ 0.5, P ≤ 0.001). The sexually dimorphic cecal microbiota composition in TBSF may underlie the observed sex-dependent resistome response: sodium selenite exerted the strongest effect on ARG and MGE enrichment in roosters, whereas yeast-derived selenium induced the strongest effect in hens. Further network analysis revealed that sodium selenite exerted the most pronounced influence on resistome-microbiota co-occurrence patterns. These findings underscored the dual-sided nature of selenium supplementation from the perspective of ARGs, indicating that selenium supplementation may alter the composition of the cecal microbiota, thereby modulating the relative abundance and community structure of ARGs and MGEs in the TBSF cecum. Given selenium's essential role and narrow therapeutic index, its chemical form and dosage must be evidence-based and rigorously optimized to minimize potential unintended contributions to antimicrobial resistance. This represents a potential ecological and antimicrobial resistance concern from a One Health perspective that warrants f","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}