Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Decoding the B-cell immune landscape in duck hepatitis A virus type 3 through single-cell genomics.","authors":"Saisai Zhao, Yaru Fan, Dalin He, Mian Wu, Xinyuan Xu, Xinhong Man, Siming Zhu, Ruiqi Shi, Yafei Qin, HongYu Ma, Qiang Feng, Yi Tang, Youxiang Diao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies protect the organism against many diseases. How the protective antibody memory response against Duck Viral Hepatitis type 3 (DHAV-3) activates transcriptional programs, cell proliferation, and antigen-specific antibody production is unknown. To explore the mechanisms of DHAV-3 immunity and identify potential therapeutic targets, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and B cell receptor (BCR) library analyses to characterize the cellular landscape of splenic B-cells from mice immunized with DHAV-3. We observed significant changes in the number and proportion of B cell populations induced by DHAV-3. Through integrating single-cell gene expression profiling and BCR analysis, we have creatively identified a novel IGHV1 germline clone, IGHV1-20, which has not been previously described in the literature. Interestingly, a trend of enhanced cellular communication was observed between a novel B-cell subset, Gm37915+ B cells, and Nuggc+ B cells. Furthermore, we identified two specifically upregulated integrin subunits, ITGAL and ITGB2, in the experimental group (EG), which possibly correlated with the activation status of B cells and enhanced immune-cell interactions. Our findings not only shed light on the immunological characteristics of splenic B cells in the context of DHAV-3 immunity but also provide important advances in our understanding of targeted antibodies against this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sesame and Cinnamon extract on physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, and antimicrobial activity in fresh poultry meatballs at refrigerated storage.","authors":"Md Golam Rabby, Md Numan Islam, Md Sakib Hasan, Md Nayim Hossain, Mahfujul Alam, Asraful Alam, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Rashida Parvin, Md Ashrafuzzaman Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research evaluated the capacity for longevity of fresh chicken meatballs with Sesame extract (SE) and Cinnamon extract (CE) and their combination as natural antioxidants in comparison with ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) while stored at 4 °C temperature for 1, 5, and 10 days. Six distinct meatballs were prepared based on the incorporated antioxidants: (C) control, (T1) 0.02 % BHT, (T2) 0.05 % AA, (T3) 0.1 % SE, (T4), 0.1 % CE and (T5) (0.05 % SE + 0.05 % CE). At the end of 10-day storage, natural antioxidants incorporated particularly T4 and T5 demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) efficacy in preserving lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), pH, cooking loss, total viable counts (TVC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value at minimal levels. T4 samples showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) free radical scavenging activity and redness values. The T5 samples exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) the lowest TBARS readings. T5 samples presented heme iron at levels equal to AA-treated samples; however, T4 exhibited the highest heme-containing iron content by a significant amount (P < 0.05). Cinnamon, Sesame, and their combined extract could be considered potential sources of antioxidants instead of AA and BHT in reducing oxidation, retaining natural colour, enhancing heme iron content, and decreasing the microbial load in meat products and carcasses during refrigeration storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12341592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of quantitative computed tomography for bone ash quantification may avoid euthanasia of young broiler chickens.","authors":"Jung Yeol Sung, Brittney J Emmert, Cara I Robison, Darrin M Karcher, Olayiwola Adeola","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the current study was to compare bone ash and digital bone mineral content (BMC) calculated from clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in young broiler chickens. A total of 576 male broiler chickens (initial BW = 190 ± 17 g) on d 8 post hatching were allotted to the 6 experimental diets in a randomized complete block design. The 6 diets included a phosphorus (P)-deficient basal diet based on corn and soybean meal, basal diet plus 0.9 or 1.8 g/kg of inorganic P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), and basal diet plus 500, 1,000, or 2,000 FYT/kg of exogenous phytase. On d 11 post hatching, 7 birds from each cage were euthanized and the 5 remaining birds were euthanized on d 18. The entire left leg was collected from the bird with median weight from each cage on d 11 and 18. Digital BMC of femur and tibia in the collected whole left legs was estimated using clinical QCT scan. Subsequently, the tissues attached to the left legs were manually removed using a scalpel, and bone ash of femur and tibia was analyzed. An interaction between bone trait (bone ash or digital BMC) and MSP or phytase was not observed. There was no statistical difference in femur and tibia on d 11 and 18 between digital BMC and bone ash. In conclusion, clinical QCT may replace sacrificing birds for bone ash estimation in young broiler chickens irrespective of their bone mineralization status.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient requirements and feeding management for ostrich during breeding and production: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan Akram, Zeshan Ali, Hassan Jalal, Muhammad Awais Sarfraz, Muhammad Umair Asghar, Abdul Rauf, Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi, Paolo Pezzi, Melania Giammarco, Isa Fusaro","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ostrich farming has emerged as a significant contributor to the livestock industry, driven by the high value of its meat, hides, feathers, and oil in international markets. With an average egg production of 40 eggs per season and yielding 58.59% carcass on live weight, ostriches offer substantial economic benefits. The nutritional needs of ostriches evolve across different life stages, impacting growth and reproductive performance. As herbivores capable of digesting high-fiber diets, ostriches thrive on roughage and pasture, with a digestive system similar to other poultry. Essential nutrients, including 20-24% crude protein (CP) and 12-19% crude fiber, are critical for optimal development, particularly in early growth, where their feed conversion ratio is 2:1. As ostriches reach sexual maturity, maintaining a diet rich in amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates becomes vital for optimizing fertility and reproductive performance. This review provides a detailed overview of ostrich nutrient requirements across different growth stages, focusing on how energy and protein levels affect overall growth and productivity. It also explores the importance of feeding management practices in enhancing ostrich health and performance, offering insights for improving commercial ostrich farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of antibacterial peptides in drinking water on growth and intestinal health of European meat pigeon.","authors":"Yuanhao Han, Yayan Liang, Yongquan Luo, Yuanrong Cai, Liubing Lan, Kunjie Xu, Baoning Wei, Linlei Shao, Peilong Zhan, Kaiyue Chang, Xiaoyu Chen, Ziying Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Sun, Pufei Hong, Ziyang Liu, Zhongping Wu, Yitian Chen, Xumeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated insect-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in European meat pigeon production. Using a randomized design, 360 breeding pairs with squabs were allocated to four groups (n = 90/group; 1:1 sex ratio). Controls received untreated water, while treatment groups received 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg AMPs in drinking water for 30 days. Squab growth parameters were monitored at five intervals, followed by slaughter trait analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and jejunal gene expression quantification. Key findings demonstrated that 600 mg/kg AMPs significantly enhanced live weight of squabs, breast/leg muscle percentage, and slaughter yield of squabs compared to controls, with those parameters exhibiting significant linear dose responses. This dosage concurrently improved feed intake and daily weight gain while substantially reducing feed conversion ratio. In breeding pigeons, 400-600 mg/kg AMPs promoted intestinal remodeling, evidenced by linearly increased villus height and up-regulated tight junction gene expression (Cldn2, Ocln, ZO-1), alongside reduced crypt-to-villus ratios. Microbiome modulation revealed enrichment of beneficial Lactobacillus and suppression of pathogenic taxa, correlating with enhanced barrier function. These results confirm that AMPs supplementation at 600 mg/kg optimizes growth performance through microbiota-mediated intestinal enhancement, establishing a viable antibiotic-free strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of vero and chicken embryo fibroblast cell-based newcastle disease vaccine efficacy in chickens.","authors":"Megersa Mindaye Yami, Mirtneh Akalu, Berecha Bayisa, Takele Abayneh Tefera, Takele Tesgera Hurisa, Getu Ayele, Kedir Sherefa, Abinet Legesse, Kassaye Adamu, Hunduma Dinka","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study was carried out to develop a chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) and Vero cell-adapted Newcastle disease virus thermostable strain (NDV-I-2) vaccine and evaluate its efficacy against challenge infection. CEF and Vero cells were infected with the vaccine virus, and serial passage was continued until passage 8 and 15, respectively. A characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by the virus was noted beginning from passages 3 and 10 in the CEF and Vero cell monolayers at 72 h post-infection. The infectious titer of the adapted virus demonstrated a consistent increase along the passage level. The culture supernatant of CEF and Vero cells adapted to NDV I-2 containing a higher concentration of infectious titer was formulated to generate a trial vaccine. CEF-adapted NDV-I-2, Vero cell-adapted NDV-I-2, commercially available NDV-I-2, and negative control were the designations given to groups one, two, three, and four, respectively. The virus-induced specific antibody titer was determined using a hemagglutination inhibition assay after vaccination of chickens through the intraocular route. The antibody titers measured from CEF, Vero cells, and commercially available NDV-I-2 vaccinated chicks were 75.8 ± 6.8, 50.0 ± 4.8, and 86.5 ± 9.2, respectively. Chickens immunized with the CEF-adapted NDV-I-2 vaccine develop higher antibody levels than those immunized with the Vero cell-adapted virus, and all vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in antibody titers, and 100 % safety was achieved. Chickens vaccinated with the CEF-adapted virus and the commercially available vaccine showed complete protection against challenge infection, while the Vero cell-adapted virus showed 95 % protection against very virulent NDV. All unvaccinated groups had 100 % morbidity and mortality. To sum up, the NDV-I-2 vaccine strain is well adapted to CEF and Vero cells, immunogenic, capable of inducing antibody development, and effectively protects chicks against challenge with the circulating field NDV isolate. Therefore, it is advised that the NDV-I-2 vaccine be produced on an industrial scale using CEF or Vero cell culture in order to overcome the drawbacks of using SPF embryonated eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Note: Oral administration with taurine alleviates the weight loss, intestinal atrophy, and redox imbalance induced by post-hatch transportation in yellow-feathered broiler chicks.","authors":"Wenling Huang, Yang Dai, Leru Deng, Shuhan Pan, Yucheng Yin, Shangcong Wu, Zhitong Fan, Yizheng Hong, Huihua Zhang, Cui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of oral taurine (Tau) administration on the weight loss, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal integrity, and redox status in yellow-feathered broiler chicks exposed to post-hatch transport stress (TS). A total of 180 newly hatched yellow-feathered broiler chicks were selected and randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, with 6 replicates each group and 6 chicks each replicate. The broilers were orally administrated with either physiological saline or 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % Tau followed by 5 h post-hatch transportation except the negative control (NC) group. The results showed that TS significantly increased the weight loss, rectal temperature, heart rate, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the crypt depth in duodenum and ileum, while reducing villus height of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in chicks (P < 0.05). However, oral Tau administration alleviated the weight loss induced by TS, and reduced plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and LDH activities, and MDA levels in chicks (P < 0.05). Additionally, the villus heights (VH) and the VH to crypt depth (CD) ratios in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, as well as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, were significantly increased by oral Tau treatment in yellow-feathered broiler chicks subjected to TS, while the crypt depths in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were decreased by Tau administration (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that oral Tau administration could mitigate TS-induced weight loss, intestinal atrophy and redox imbalance in yellow-feathered broiler chicks by enhancing intestinal integrity and improving antioxidant capacity. The optimal dose of Tau for newly-hatched chicks prior to TS is 2 % (equivalent to 575 mg/kg body weight) when administrated orally.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of calcium in wheat and soybean meal for growing quail chicks using direct method\" [Poultry Science, 104 (2025) 104830].","authors":"Sima Heydari, Mahmoud Ghazaghi, Mohammad Rokouei, Mehran Mehri","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"105311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the spatial heterogeneity of the gut microbiota of red-feather ducks and their interaction with environmental microorganisms.","authors":"Surong Zhang, Yun Ye, Boqi Wan, Rui Shao, Yuan Fang, Yuanxiu Wang, Jinyuan Wu, Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ducks are one of important economic waterfowl species, and their gastrointestinal microbiota play crucial roles in nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and host health maintenance. In this study, we collect 436 gastrointestinal content samples from red-feather ducks, including samples from the glandular stomach, muscular stomach, duodenum, ileum and cecum, as well as 10 environmental samples (water and soil). We then employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the gastrointestinal microbial communities of ducks and their interactions with environmental microbes from soil and water. The gastrointestinal microbial community of red ducks showed a spatial gradient distribution characteristic in a counterclockwise direction from the proximal glandular stomach to the distal cecum. Notably, key taxa such as Helicobacter and Bacteroides were identified as significant drivers of spatial microbial distribution. Furthermore, a random forest analysis revealed that 20 genera, including Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and Candidatus Arthromitus could serve as indicator bacteria for distinguish gastrointestinal segments with an accuracy of 93.18 %. Besides, the cecum exhibited the highest microbial α-diversity compared to other gut regions, with enrichment of some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbes like Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated the ileum exhibited the highest microbial connectivity. β-diversity analysis showed that, in comparison to the soil samples, the microbial composition of water samples exhibited greater similarity to the intestinal microbial community of ducks. Microbial source tracking further revealed that the microbial composition in water was primarily shaped duck gut microbiota, with a contribution rate of up to 72.77 %. These findings elucidated the spatial heterogeneity of gastrointestinal microbiota in red-feather ducks and explored the microbial transmission between the environment and the duck gastrointestinal tract (GIT), thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for comprehending waterfowl gut microbial ecosystem, refining husbandry practices, and enhancing understanding of environmental interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary effects of probiotics and stimbiotics inclusion on growth performance, protein utility, serum metabolites and behavioural observations in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress.","authors":"R M Mokonyama, U Marume, Ghaneshree Moonsamy","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated the complementary effects of probiotics and stimbiotics inclusion on growth performance, serum metabolites and behavioural responses in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress. Six hundred Cobb500 day-old-chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments: Standard broiler diet, with no inclusion of AGPs (NegControl); Standard broiler diet, with inclusion of AGPs (PosControl); Standard broiler diet + 0.01 % probiotics (Prob); Standard broiler diet + 0.01 % stimbiotics (Stim) and Standard broiler diet + 0.01 % probiotics and 0.01 % stimbiotics) (ProbStim). Each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times, with a pen holding 15 birds as the experimental unit. The experimental trial was conducted over three feeding phases: starter phase (day 1- 14), grower phase (day 15- 28) and finisher phase (day 29- 42). The birds were subjected to heat stress in the grower phase and finisher phase for 3 h (11:00- 14:00 h). Diet had no effect on ADFI in the starter, grower and finisher phase. Similarly, diet had no effect on ADG and FCR in both grower and finisher phase. The cumulative weight gain was consistently low in broiler chickens fed the Stim diet throughout the feeding phases, while those fed Prob diet had higher weights in week 2 and to 6. Dietary treatments did not affect protein consumed, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and growth efficiency across all the feeding phases. Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly affected by diet (P < 0.05) with broiler chickens fed PosControl in non- stressed environment having the highest total cholesterol (3.90± 0.18) and triglyceride level (1.77± 0.12). With regards to behavioral response to heat stress induced discomfort, broilers fed PosControl (2.33±0.26) and Prob (2.33±0.26) exhibited increased pecking feed activity and increased tendencies of seeking cooler areas. Overall, the birds did not show signs of severe stress. In conclusion, Probiotics and Stimbiotics could be used in combination to replace of AGPs without negatively affecting productivity in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}