Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of arginine supplementation on liver and pectoral muscle: Tissue-specific lipid metabolism in broilers.","authors":"Awais Ali, Xuan Liu, Mebratu Melaku, Waqar Lqbal, Bao Yi, Ruqing Zhong, Liang Chen, Teng Ma, Hongfu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal fat (AF) and intramuscular fat (IMF) are key carcass traits in broilers but managing both is challenging due to their contrasting effects. Arginine (Arg) supplementation has potential effect in lipid metabolism, however its tissue specific effect remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the tissue specific effect of Arg supplementation on growth performance and fat metabolism in both liver and pectoral muscle in broilers. A total of 480 Arbor Acre chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (0 g/kg), Arg (1.8 g/kg), 5 × Arg (9 g/kg) and 10 × Arg (18 g/kg), with 12 replicates of 10 birds each. Overall, high Arg supplementation (5 ×, 10 ×) significantly impaired growth performance, reducing average daily gain and feed intake, accompanied by elevated serum AST and IFN-γ levels (P < 0.05). Liver transcriptomics analysis revealed that 10 × Arg significantly enriched PPAR signaling pathway, promoting fatty acid oxidation while suppressing lipogenic genes. Conversely, in pectoral muscle, high Arg (10 ×) promoted intramuscular fat deposition which was associated with downregulation of PPAR-α (P < 0.05) and increased expression of key lipogenic genes involved in de novo lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC and SCD). Moreover, Arg supplementation modulated drug metabolism genes in liver, including EPX and RRM2, suggesting potential impacts on detoxification pathways. These findings underscore the importance of precise Arg dosing to optimize broiler growth, immune function, and carcass quality by targeting its tissue specific metabolic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 10","pages":"105601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of U.S. broiler establishments on Campylobacter Performance standards for parts.","authors":"Rafael E Rivera, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, Sanjay Kumar, Manpreet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen linked to poultry consumption and causes gastrointestinal illness. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) regulates pathogen control through performance standards targeting prevalence reduction at the processing operations. After revising Campylobacter performance standards in 2019, USDA-FSIS discontinued public reporting of testing results and categories. A survey of broiler processors evaluated Campylobacter post-harvest interventions and control strategies for chicken parts which was subsequently adopted by the U.S. broiler industry. A majority (62 %) of processing establishments were monitored for Campylobacter and 74 % have an established control program for Campylobacter for chicken parts. In 2021, 49 % of establishments met the USDA-FSIS Campylobacter performance standards for chicken parts, while 68 % met internal establishment sampling. Based on USDA-FSIS sampling, 38 % reported prevalence under 10 % in chicken parts, whereas 60 % of establishments reported prevalence under 10 % resulting from internal establishment sampling. Prevalence under 10 %, likely meets the USDA-FSIS threshold of 7.7 % for Campylobacter performance for parts. Notably, plant processing capacity did not influence prevalence. Over 90 % of establishments used peroxyacetic acid as an antimicrobial intervention for chicken parts. In response to the introduction of Campylobacter performance standards for chicken parts, the poultry processing industry has channeled investments into targeted interventions to mitigate contamination risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary chlorogenic acid enhances intestinal barrier function and modulates cecal microbiota in laying hens under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress.","authors":"Ming Yan, Yue Sun, Haitong Zhao, Rui Feng, Muxia Xie, Yurong Li, Yeshun Zhang, Yingjie Wang, Yujuan Zhang, Jie Liu, Mingkun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105922","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oxidative stress is a well-known challenge in poultry production. While chlorogenic acid (CGA) is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and lipid-lowering properties, its protective role against oxidative stress-induced intestinal damage in laying hens has not been extensively explored. This study investigated the effects of dietary CGA on the intestinal structure, barrier integrity, and cecal microbiota in laying hens exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). A sum of 240 Hy-Line Brown hens (43-wk-old) was divided into 4 groups (n = 6 replicates/group, 10 hens/replicate). Groups were fed a basal diet with CGA at 0 mg/kg (control, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) or 600 mg/kg (600 mg/kg CGA, 600 mg/kg CGA + H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) for 12 weeks. Intraperitoneal injections of 10 % H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were performed on days 64 and 78 in the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 600 mg/kg CGA + H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; groups. The results showed that CGA pretreatment prevented the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by reducing MDA and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels, along with enhanced activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px (P &lt; 0.05). CGA administration significantly countered the decline in productivity, villus height (VH), and the VH-to-crypt depth (CD) ratio, as well as the increase in CD caused by H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, CGA ameliorated the adverse effects of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and immune response, including preventing H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-induced downregulation of occludin, TGFβ, IL-10, IgA, cluster of differentiation 3D (CD3D), and CD4 gene expression, and upregulation of TLR4 and TNFα genes and MyD88 protein expression in the gut tissues. Additionally, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; was found to disrupt the structural composition of the cecal microbiota, resulting in an increased relative abundance of potential pathogenic taxa such as unclassified_f_Synergistaceae and uncultured_bacterium_Treponema. This disruption was accompanied by a decrease in the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial species, including Bacteroides_caecicola, Collinsella_massiliensis_g_collinsella, unclassified_g_Oscillibacter, and uncultured_bacterium_g_Turicibacter. Furthermore, elevated serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were observed. More importantly, pre-treatment with CGA ameliorated the microbiota structure and serum DAO and LPS levels in laying hens subjected to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Our findings collectively indicate that CGA may mitigate H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-induced oxidative stress, barrier dysfunction, and immune impairment, while enhancing egg production and gut microbiota in laying hens. These findings highlight the novel role of CGA in mitigating oxidative stress-induced intestinal damage and microbiota dysbiosis in laying hens, pr","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In ovo isoquinoline alkaloid injection alters gut microbiota and improves tight junction gene expression in broiler chickens.","authors":"Seif Hundam, Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul, Mohammad Mayyas, Rahmeh Dahadha","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In ovo feeding (IOF) is a modern technique that involves injecting beneficial substances into bird eggs prior to hatching, aiming to enhance poultry health and productivity. This study investigated the effects of in ovo injection of isoquinoline alkaloid (IQ) on hatchability, early growth performance, jejunal tight junction gene expression (OCLN, CLDN-1, and ZO2), and cecal microbiome composition in broiler chickens. A total of 460 Indian River hatching eggs were incubated and randomly assigned to either a control group (CON) or an IQ-injected group (INOVO) at a dose of 150 µg/egg. Post-hatch growth parameters, body temperature, jejunal tight junction gene expression, and cecal microbial profiles were studied. In ovo IQ injection did not significantly affect hatchability or alpha diversity indices; however, it led to a transient increase in body weight during the early post-hatch period (days .3-7 post-hatch). Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in microbial community composition between the groups. Notably, the relative abundance of beneficial taxa, such as Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, was significantly higher in the INOVO group. Furthermore, in ovo IQ injection significantly increased jejunal expression of OCLN and ZO2. These findings suggest that in ovo IQ administration may enhance early growth, promote beneficial microbial colonization, and strengthen intestinal barrier function without compromising hatchability, offering a natural approach to improve poultry performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly selenium nanoparticles from Capsicum annuum: Impact on growth efficiency, blood biochemistry, immune response, intestinal morphology, and profitability in broiler chickens","authors":"Hanan Al-Khalaifah ,&nbsp;Shabana Naz ,&nbsp;Raed Al-Atiyat ,&nbsp;Rifat Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Ala Abudabos ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Alhidary","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on performance, biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, selenium tissue deposition, immune response, and economic return in broilers. Green SeNPs were synthesized using <em>Capsicum annuum</em> extract and characterized via XRD, UV–Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. A total of 400 Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated into five dietary groups: control, 0.3 ppm inorganic selenium (T1), and 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ppm organic SeNPs (T2–T4). Over 35 days, growth performance, feed conversion, and blood and tissue parameters were recorded. Although feed intake, weight gain, and FCR were not significantly affected (P&lt;0.05), birds in T4 showed numerically superior growth. Higher levels of organic SeNPs (T3, T4) significantly (P&lt;0.05)) reduced ALT, AST, and urea levels, indicating improved hepatic and renal function. Villus height increased, and crypt depth decreased in Se-supplemented groups, particularly in T4, suggesting enhanced intestinal health. Selenium accumulation was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in liver and blood, especially in T1 and T4. Humoral immunity was not significantly (P&lt;0.05) influenced. Economically, despite slightly increased feed costs, organic SeNPs improved profitability, with T4 yielding the highest return. These findings support the use of biosynthesized SeNPs, especially at 0.5 ppm, as a cost-effective strategy to enhance broiler health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of dietary levels of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and supplementation of valine and isoleucine on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal microbiome in Ross 708","authors":"Doyun Goo ,&nbsp;Daniel Junpyo Lee ,&nbsp;Younghoon Kim ,&nbsp;Woo Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of additional valine and isoleucine in a high corn distillers dried grains with solubles (<strong>DDGS</strong>) diet on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal microbiome in broilers. A total of 800 0-d-old male Ross 708 were allocated into 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates. The five diet groups were as follows: 1) corn-soybean meal (<strong>SBM</strong>)-based control (<strong>CON</strong>) group; 2) 15 % DDGS (<strong>15D</strong>) group (replacing corn and SBM with 15 % DDGS); 3) 15D + additional valine and isoleucine to have the same leucine:valine and leucine:isoleucine ratios as the CON group (<strong>15DB</strong>); 4) 30 % DDGS (<strong>30D</strong>) group; and 5) 30D + additional valine and isoleucine to have the same leucine:valine and leucine:isoleucine ratios as the CON group (<strong>30DB</strong>). The reduction in growth performance, carcass weight, breast muscle, and lean weight was intensified with increasing dietary DDGS levels. The 15DB group showed similar body weight gain (<strong>BWG</strong>) and carcass weight compared to the CON group. The 30DB group showed significant differences in phylum- and family-level cecal bacterial diversities compared to the 30D group but did not create significant growth improvement. No significant differences were observed in growth performance, carcass weight, body composition, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression levels, and alpha and beta diversity of cecal microbiota between the 15D and 15DB, and 30D and 30DB groups. Additional valine and isoleucine did not show consistent improvements in intestinal health and growth performance in DDGS-supplemented diets. The effect of additional valine and isoleucine varied depending on how much corn and SBM was replaced with DDGS in the diet, which may have been affected by additional factors other than intestinal health. In conclusion, additional valine and isoleucine may play a role in growth and muscle deposition but not have significant impact on the intestinal health in broiler diets that replaced corn and SBM with high levels of DDGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision biotic modulates the impact of mixed Eimeria infection in broiler chickens fed wheat-corn-soybean meal diets.","authors":"Rama Devi Kolli, Bhargavi Kasireddy, Cristiano Bortoluzzi, Maria A Iuspa, Oluyinka A Olukosi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidiosis leads to gut damage, impairing nutrient digestibility and modifying the substrates available to the microbiome. This study assessed the supplementation of a precision biotic (PB) on growth performance, ileal amino acid digestibility, mRNA expression of nutrient transporter genes, jejunal histomorphology, and litter surface ammonia emission in broilers challenged with a mixed Eimeria inoculum (CH) and fed corn-SBM (C) or wheat-corn-SBM (W) diets. Zero-day-old male chicks (1,012) were used (6 treatments with at least seven replicates) in a randomized incomplete block design. Treatments were: C diet, no challenge (C-NCH); or with challenge (C-CH-0); W diet plus challenge, without PB (W-CH-0); W diet plus challenge, plus 300 (W-CH-300), 600 (W-CH-600), or 900 (W-CH-900) mg/kg of PB. On d 12, all birds, except C-NCH, were challenged with mixed Eimeria oocysts by feed inoculation to induce enteric stress. Jejunal tissues were collected on d 20 and 42 for gene expression and histomorphology. On d 42, ammonia emissions were recorded, and ileal digesta were collected for digestibility. The Eimeria challenge significantly (P < 0.05) reduced weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI) during the challenge phase, and increased FCR compared to C-NCH. PB supplementation tended to reduce FCR in a quadratic fashion (P =0.053). The expression of GLUT2 and EAAT3 was significantly reduced by the challenge (P < 0.05) compared to C-NCH. Apparent ileal digestibility of DM, N, and amino acids (AA) was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in challenged birds but improved quadratically (P < 0.01) with PB. Litter ammonia levels were significantly (P = 0.01) lower in W-CH-0 than C-CH-0. It can be concluded that PB supplementation improved the gastrointestinal tract functionality likely via modulation of microbiome metabolism, which produced increased digestible nutrient intake, especially during the compensatory growth phase, which might have contributed to partially reversing the adverse effect of the Eimeria challenge on the growth performance of the broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals key regulatory genes and pathways associated with feed conversion efficiency in Tianchang Sanhuang chicken","authors":"Jiale Li ,&nbsp;Shenghe Li ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhuansun ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Jin ,&nbsp;Kefeng Yang ,&nbsp;Man Ren ,&nbsp;Erhui Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaojin Li ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Jin ,&nbsp;Chunfang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving feed efficiency in Tianchang Sanhuang chickens is essential for reducing production costs and environmental burden. The objective of this study was to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify key regulatory genes, metabolites, and pathways associated with residual feed intake (RFI) and feed efficiency. In this study, 650 Tianchang Sanhuang laying hens with similar body weights at 36 weeks of age were evaluated for daily feed intake (DFI), RFI, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The chickens were classified by RFI (mean ± 0.5 SD) into high-RFI (HRFI, <em>n</em> = 165) and low-RFI (LRFI, <em>n</em> = 158) groups. Phenotypes, serum biochemistry, antioxidant indices, and intestinal traits were compared in subsets (<em>n</em> = 8 per group). Duodenal transcriptomes (RNA-seq) and serum metabolomes (LC-MS/MS) were profiled in independent subsets (<em>n</em> = 4 per group). Compared with HRFI, LRFI hens showed lower RFI, FCR, and DFI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with no differences in expected feed intake (EFI), metabolic body weight (MBW), daily egg mass (DEM), or average daily gain (ADG) (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The LRFI group showed increased breast muscle redness (a)* (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), higher leg muscle drip loss (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and significantly lower levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The intestinal morphology and molecular analyses revealed enhanced nutrient absorption and intestinal barrier function in the LRFI group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 237 differentially expressed genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 1) enriched in pathways related to digestion, energy metabolism, and appetite regulation. Metabolomic analysis detected 101 differentially expressed metabolites (VIP ≥ 1, |log2FC| ≥ 1), indicating that RFI is closely associated with protein and lipid metabolism. Integrated analysis identified candidate biomarkers for low RFI individuals selection, including genes such as <em>ACSM5, AHSG, CTRB1, PLA2G1B, AMY2A, CPA1, CCKAR</em> and metabolites including taurine, uridine, L-phenylalanine, D-glucose 6-phosphate and 5‑hydroxy-L-tryptophan. Overall, LRFI hens maintain production while achieving lower intake, potentially via reduced inflammation/oxidative stress and enhanced digestion, barrier integrity, appetite, and energy metabolism, offering targets for marker-assisted improvement of feed efficiency in local breeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double-edged sword: The multiple roles of endogenous retroviruses in chickens","authors":"Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Sifan Ji ,&nbsp;Tuanhui Ren ,&nbsp;Lei He ,&nbsp;Ke Ding ,&nbsp;Zuhua Yu ,&nbsp;Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chicken endogenous retroviruses (ChERVs), a class of retrovirus-derived elements, originated from ancient retroviral infections that became stably integrated into the avian genome through germline transmission. ChERVs account for 3∼5 % of the chicken genome, with sequences and insertion sites that uniquely illuminate the evolution of avian species and their interactions with viruses. Over their long evolution, ChERVs have undergone mutations and deletions that have widely disabled their autonomous replicability, and only a portion now exhibit transcriptional activity. Recent research has additionally demonstrated that the insertion of ChERVs can result in changes in the traits of chickens, including the production of blue-shelled eggs, the presence of white feathers, and henny feathering. ChERVs also exert a bidirectional regulatory function on the biological functions of chickens. In particular, their long terminal repeats can engage in expressing a host’s genes via cis-acting elements, such that they can modulate the expression of genes associated with embryonic development or interferon-stimulated genes. Beyond that, though endogenous retroviruses can generally be transcribed into antisense long non-coding RNAs, thereby activating the antiviral innate immune pathway, ChERVs can also recombine with exogenous viruses, which can give rise to tumors and immunosuppression. Last, ChERVs can cause disease by acting in concert with other avian pathogens, which poses a threat to poultry health. Although studying ChERVs is therefore essential for poultry farming, it remains underexamined in research on numerous avian diseases. In response, in-depth analyses of the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of ChERVs are imperative, as are studies on the molecular basis of their interactions with hosts, especially ones seeking to provide novel insights into disease-resistant poultry breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of fluralaner in plasma and liver in broiler breeder hens and roosters following the administration of fluralaner (Bravecto®) via medicated drinking water.","authors":"Hiroko Enomoto, Rocio Crespo, Laura M Neumann, Katie Shamoun, James Yeatts, Ronald E Baynes","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bed bugs have become resistant to traditional insecticides, and the demand for effective drugs to eradicate bed bugs on poultry farms (especially table-egg layer) and breeder farms (especially broiler breeders) is growing. Fluralaner has been shown to be effective in treating bed bug infestation in poultry. However, there is no product containing fluralaner labeled for use in chickens in the United States. In the present study, we prepared medicated drinking water using fluralaner dog chews (Bravecto®) and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol V). The present study aimed to determine the plasma pharmacokinetic profile and residues in liver as well as any adverse effects related to drug administration. All chickens were orally treated with fluralaner via medicated drinking water including 0.2 % (V/V) Transcutol V for 6 hours. The fluralaner dosage regimen was 0.5 mg/kg/day, twice, 7 days apart. Sparse blood collection was conducted after the first dose and tissue collection was performed the day after the second dose. The fluralaner concentrations in plasma and liver were determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry detection (UPLC/MS/MS). Fluralaner was dissolved completely in drinking water including 0.2 % (V/V) Transcutol V with 98 % recovery with some degradation of fluralaner confirmed over time. The highest fluralaner concentration (0.56 µg/mL) in plasma was observed 24 hours after removing the first dose. Fluralaner concentrations in plasma exceeded the 50-90 % lethal concentrations of bed bugs for 168 hours following the onset of the first dose. The mean fluralaner concentration detected in the liver was 1.25 µg/g at 21 hours after removing the second dose. No visual adverse effects were observed during the entirety of the study. Enlarged kidneys were observed by gross necropsy and mild multifocal, small aggregations of lymphocytes in the parenchyma and mineralization of a few tubules in kidneys were found on histopathological examination. However, it was unclear these findings were related to drug administration. This dosing method might be helpful in controlling bed bug infestations in poultry facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}