Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Carcass characteristics, chemical composition, physicochemical, texture, and sensory properties of meat from White Kołuda® geese.","authors":"Dariusz Kokoszyński, Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak, Arkadiusz Nędzarek, Hanna Jankowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.106983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the effects of muscle type and gender on the proximate composition, concentrations of selected minerals, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat, as well as on carcass and edible offal characteristics in White Kołuda® geese. The research material consisted of 32 eviscerated carcasses and edible offal of the White Kołuda® goose breed at the age of 15 wk. Male White Kołuda® geese had a higher carcass weight (4475.2 g) compared to females (3955.1 g). The carcasses of males had a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of neck and wings and a lower percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat (P = 0.024), and higher weight of the heart, liver, and feet than females. A higher intramuscular fat content and less protein in the breast muscles, and more collagen in the leg muscles of males than females, were found, as well as a higher intramuscular fat and collagen content in the leg muscles than in the breast muscles, and a significantly higher protein content in the breast muscles. In addition, higher phosphorus and potassium content was found in the breast and leg muscles of females compared to males, and significantly higher phosphorus, iron, and copper content and lower sodium, zinc, manganese, and chromium concentration in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles. The male breast and leg muscles had significantly higher thermal loss and yellowness compared to the muscles of female geese. In addition, higher electrical conductivity, redness, and lower pH and lightness were found in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles. Male geese had significantly worse tenderness, hardness, aroma intensity, and greater springiness, chewiness, and gumminess of breast muscle compared to female muscles. Breast muscles had lower aroma intensity and desirability, tastiness intensity, and juiciness than leg muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the hatch window by preincubation and temporal changes in extra-embryonic structures in grey partridge (Perdix perdix) hatching eggs.","authors":"Jakub Biesek, Sebastian Wlaźlak, Marek Adamski","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to determine the effect of preincubation of hatching eggs of grey partridge (Perdix perdix) on hatch window dynamics, hatchability parameters, and physicochemical changes in extraembryonic structures during incubation. The experiment was conducted on 630 hatching eggs obtained from a breeder flock at 56 weeks of age. The eggs were divided into two groups: a control group (CON; standard storage conditions) and an experimental group (PRE; subjected to pre-incubation under controlled heating conditions at 37.7°C). In the PRE group, the following preincubation model was applied: 6 h of heating, 12 h of cooling, 12 h of heating, and 6 h of cooling prior to the onset of proper incubation. Hatchability, embryo mortality, hatch window characteristics, and chick quality were evaluated. Changes in the physicochemical properties of the eggshell, albumen, amniotic fluid, and yolk were analyzed on selected days of incubation. Preincubation did not significantly affect hatchability or embryo mortality. However, it significantly modified the hatch window by accelerating and synchronizing the hatching process. Chick quality did not differ between the groups. However, the relative body weight of chicks was lower in the PRE group (P = 0.006). Egg weight loss was higher in the PRE group only during the first week of incubation (P = 0.023). A significant effect of preincubation on the physicochemical properties of egg contents was also observed, including a decreased pH of albumen and amniotic fluid, changes in viscosity, and increased lysozyme activity, particularly in the amniotic fluid. Changes in the content of selected mineral components in the yolk were also detected. Preincubation of grey partridge eggs effectively improved hatch synchronization without negatively affecting hatchability or chick quality. The accompanying physicochemical changes may indicate mechanisms supporting embryonic development and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat particle size in low soybean meal diets did not alter broiler growth performance.","authors":"Milan Kandel, Shemil P Macelline, Mehdi Toghyani, Reza Barekatain, Ali Khoddami, Peter H Selle, Sonia Y Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing soybean meal (SBM) inclusion through the combined use of non‑bound amino acids (NBAA) and alternative protein meals may increase the proportion of fine ingredients in the diet. Including coarser particles or whole grain in wheat‑based, low‑SBM diets may help to restore growth performance. Therefore, this study evaluated the interactive effects of wheat particle size and SBMinclusion level on broiler growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 366 day-old off-sex male Ross308 birds from the female parent line were used in a 4 × 2 factorial designed experiment, including four wheat particle size arrangements (3.2 mm, 6.0 mm, combination of 3.2 mm or 6.0 mm, and whole wheat) and two levels of SBM inclusions (standard or low/ nil). Each dietary treatment had 7 replicates with 6 birds per replicate from day 0 to 35 post-hatch. There was no interaction between wheat particle size and the SBM inclusion level on any growth performance parameters. Across 0-35 days post-hatch, low/nil SBM diets decreased body weight gain (BWG) by 3.3% (P < 0.001), increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 2.9 points (P = 0.002) compared to standard-SBM diets, regardless of wheat particle size. However, an interaction was observed for the relative weights of the pectoralis minor muscle (P = 0.021) and gizzard (P < 0.001). Low/nil-SBM diets also decreased pH in the gizzard (P = 0.045), jejunum (P = 0.032), and ileum (P < 0.001), irrespective of wheat particle size. Coarser particle size diets increase apparent protein digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum (DJ) (P = 0.004) and distal ileum (DI) (P = 0.019) compared to fine-particle diets. In conclusion, wheat particle size did not impact growth performance in broiler chickens offered diets with varying SBM inclusion. However, reducing SBM by 50%, 75%, and 100% in the starter, grower, and finisher phases, respectively, compromised BWG, FCR and breast meat yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive exclusion modulates broiler microbiota structure and microbial interaction networks.","authors":"Arianna Peruzzo, Alessia Tiengo, Maddalena Furlan, Barbara Salerno, Giovanni Ortali, Lisa Barco, Carmen Losasso","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive exclusion (CE) strategies represent a promising complementary approach to control foodborne pathogens in poultry production by modulating gut microbiota assembly. This field study evaluated the impact of a CE intervention applied at chick placement on cloacal microbiota temporal development, structure, and pathogen integration in commercial broiler chickens. Fifteen broiler farms with a history of Salmonella Infantis persistence were enrolled, including CE-treated farms and untreated controls. Cloacal samples were collected at 7, 18, 31, and 42 days of age and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbiota dynamics were evaluated through diversity metrics, differential abundance analysis, and microbial association network inference. CE treatment significantly altered microbiota composition and structure throughout the production cycle. Treated flocks showed a progressive increase in microbial richness and Shannon diversity from day 18 onward, while evenness remained largely unaffected. Beta-diversity analyses revealed persistent separation between treated and Un-Treated communities at all time points, indicating long-lasting treatment effects. Differential abundance analysis highlighted enrichment of beneficial genera, including Lactobacillus, Faecalicoccus, Roseburia, and Butyricimonas, in treated birds, whereas untreated flocks showed higher relative abundances of Campylobacter and other taxa associated with unstable community dynamics. Microbial network analysis revealed marked treatment-dependent differences in community organization. CE-treated networks exhibited higher modularity and edge density, suggesting increased structural complexity and potential resilience. Notably, Campylobacter showed strong early network integration and hub-like behaviour in untreated birds, while being completely disconnected in treated flocks at early life stages, indicating reduced ecological embedding. Overall, these findings demonstrate that competitive exclusion modulates broiler microbiota not only at the compositional level but also through restructuring microbial interaction networks. Early-life microbiota modulation appears to constrain pathogen ecological integration, providing a mechanistic framework for microbiota-driven control strategies under commercial poultry production conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Campylobacter hepaticus as an indicator organism to assess biosecurity on commercial egg farms.","authors":"L A Wythe, Y Z Farnell, S Chitlapilly Dass, M B Farnell","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spotty liver disease (SLD), caused by Campylobacter hepaticus (CH) has become an increasing problem in cage-free production in brown feathered layers. Limited research exists monitoring the presence of CH in aviary style systems in the United States. This study was performed to investigate sources of CH in aviary style systems as a biosecurity indicator organism. A layer farm with two pullet and seven hen barns with a history of SLD was experiencing an outbreak in a 26-week-old single combed white Leghorns (SCWL) flock. Samples were collected from surfaces in employee areas and the production facilities, as well as insects and livers from pullets and hens, for a total of 214 unique samples. Samples were enriched for 48 h and struck onto brucella agar with 5% lysed horse blood and incubated microaerophilically for 72 h at 37 °C. Colonies from presumptive positive plates underwent DNA isolation and PCR analysis targeting the glycerol kinase and 16S rRNA genes. Livers from 6- and 12-week-old pullets (SCWL in both barns) were 90% positive for CH. Birds from all hen houses were 78% positive for CH, regardless of age or feather color. Birds in the barn exhibiting clinical symptoms and gross liver lesions were 80% positive for CH. All insects collected throughout the complex were positive for CH. Rodent stations were 75% and 93% positive in pullet and hen houses, respectively. Environmental samples from each barn were 77-100% positive for CH. Floor samples in restrooms, locker and break rooms were 100% positive at pullet facilities, but only 50% at hen facilities. Complex vehicle floor mats were 80% positive. These results suggest widespread contamination with CH; therefore, this bacterium may not be a viable biosecurity indicator organism on complexes with multiple flock ages. This is the first reported evidence of SLD in 6-week-old pullets. Next steps for this research should include further genomic characterization of CH and refined assessments of host-pathogen interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary gallic acid supplementation alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in chickens at an early age.","authors":"Taidi Xiong, Zhilong Chen, Mubashar Hassan, Yunmao Huang, Jinling Ye, Qiuli Fan, Cui Zhu, Shouqun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.106964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 750 1-day-old \"817\" male crossbred broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, with six replicates per group: basal diet (CON), basal diet following LPS-challenge (LPS), and basal diet supplemented with 150, 300, 450 mg/kg GA following LPS-challenge (GA150, GA300, and GA450). On days 14, 17, and 20, chickens in the LPS, GA150, GA300, and GA450 groups received intraperitoneal injections of LPS, while chickens in the CON group received the same dose of saline. The results showed that, compared with broilers in CON, dietary supplementation with GA eliminated the negative effects of LPS on reducing BW on day 21, as well as the 1 to 21d ADFI and ADG compared to broilers in CON group (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, dietary supplementation with 300 and 450 mg/kg GA significantly upregulated the relative expression of superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), and 150 mg/kg GA significantly upregulated the relative expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in ileal mucosa. Compared with the LPS group, dietary GA supplementation significantly increased the percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells in the ileum, while decreased the percentage of BU-1⁺ B cells (P < 0.05). In addition, the plasma content of TNF-α was significantly increased under LPS stimulation. Supplementation with 150 and 300 mg/kg GA increased the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, reduced the level of TNF-α in plasma, and upregulated the relative expression of occludin (OCLN) and mucin 2 (MUC2) in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, LPS challenge significantly increased the crypt depth in the ileum (P < 0.05). However, supplementation with GA significantly increased the villus height and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR) while significantly decreasing crypt depth after LPS challenge (P < 0.05). Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in cecal microbiota; LPS stimulation disrupted cecal microbial homeostasis, while GA exerted dose-dependent differential regulatory effects on this LPS-induced dysbiosis: 150 and 300 mg/kg GA alleviated the LPS-induced reduction in Bacteroides abundance, and 450 mg/kg GA modulated the abundance of Proteobacteria and multiple relevant bacterial genera. In conclusion, dietary GA supplementation up-regulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes in the ileal mucosa, modulated immune function, and alleviated LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage and gut dysbiosis, thereby improving the growth performance of broilers challenged with LPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligilactobacillus salivarius 8-2 attenuates intestinal mucosal injury in chicks via the mitochondrial fision-glycometabolism reprogramming axis.","authors":"Yuping Hua, Minyao Zou, Lingzhi Zhang, Leixiao Chen, Xi Rao, Guozhen Wei, Jiaxin Wei, Mingping Wei, Yihang Wei, Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal mucosa is crucial for nutrient absorption and barrier function. In this study, a newly identified strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. sa. 8-2) exhibited a mucosal protective effect in chick intestinal injury models. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. In vivo, chicks were pre-fed with L. sa. 8-2 supernatant or its precipitate and then challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Salmonella Typhimurium (STm). The results showed that L. sa. 8-2 and its supernatant significantly reduced intestinal epithelial apoptosis, increased goblet cell density and Muc2 mRNA abundance, and upregulated Claudin1 protein levels. Specifically, compared with the LPS-challenged group, L. sa. 8-2 supernatant accelerated epithelial renewal, as shown by elevated protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and increased mRNA abundance of cell cycle regulators Ccnd1 and Cdk2. Moreover, the L. sa. 8-2 supernatant markedly increased protein levels of both the active intestinal stem cell (aISC) marker LGR5 and the reserve ISC (rISC) marker HOPX in the intestinal crypt. In vitro, the enteroids were pre-treated with L. sa. 8-2 supernatant and then challenged with LPS. It was shown that the L. sa. 8-2 supernatant elevated the protein levels of LGR5 and HOPX compared with the injured group. Moreover, co-staining of LGR5 and HOPX revealed that more HOPX⁺ cells were co-localized with LGR5⁺ cells in the L. sa. 8-2 supernatant pretreatment group, suggesting the activation of rISCs. Additionally, compared with the injured groups, L. sa. 8-2 supernatant preserved mitochondrial morphology and upregulated the fission-related protein FIS1. At both the mRNA and protein levels, L. sa. 8-2 supernatant upregulated the pyruvate metabolism-related enzyme LDHA and LDHB, while decreasing mRNA levels of Sdha (an oxidative phosphorylation-related enzyme), suggesting a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis and an enhancement of pyruvate utilization. Taken together, L. sa. 8-2 alleviates intestinal mucosal injury and promotes epithelial renewal by activating ISCs, which is mediated by promoting mitochondrial fission and subsequent enhancement of pyruvate utilization in the intestinal crypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oregano essential oil: a pre-harvest tool to reduce Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in market-age broilers.","authors":"Christina L Swaggerty, Santiago Sasia, M Dolores Cabrera, J Allen Byrd, Kenneth J Genovese, Robin C Anderson, Gabriel Cabrera, Rafael Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess oregano essential oil (OEO) as a pre-harvest intervention to reduce Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) colonization in broilers. Two identical floor-pen trials were conducted with a total of 200 Ross 708 straight-run chicks (0 to 43 days). Each trial included 2 pens (50 chickens/pen). All chickens received a common basal corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet from 0 to 4 days-of-age and followed a phase-feeding program consisting of starter, grower, and finisher diets to match nutritional requirements. At day 4, pens were assigned to either the basal corn-SBM diet without OEO (control) or the same diet supplemented with OEO (300 g/ton in the feed from 4 to 43 days and 6 oz/gal of stock solution from 28 to 43 days via the water source; Ecodiar®, Nutrinae LLC). At 7 days, chickens were challenged via oral gavage with SE (1 × 10⁵-10⁶ CFU/0.5 mL per chick). At day 43, one cecal pouch per bird was collected for SE enrichment to determine prevalence, and cecal content was analyzed for SE load using standard microbiological procedures. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, with significance declared at P < 0.05. OEO supplementation reduced SE prevalence from 49% in the control to 34% (P = 0.03). Cecal SE counts were also reduced by approximately 1 log₁₀ with OEO compared with the control (2.7 × 10³ vs. 1.9 × 10² CFU/g; P = 0.02). Mechanistically, OEO supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced protein expression of key inflammatory cytokine (IL-21) and chemokine (MIP-1β) in the cecal tonsil compared to tissue from control-fed chickens. Therefore, OEO supplementation in the feed and water reduced SE prevalence and load in broilers, indicating greater resistance to colonization by reducing inflammation in important lymphoid tissue. This effect may potentially reduce flock-level transmission risk and supports OEO application as a pre-harvest strategy to reduce SE colonization in market-age broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection of poultry processing wastewater using advanced oxidation processes.","authors":"Seth Adesope, Mark Carlson, Nikolay Barashkov, Casey Owens, Tomi Obe","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the increasing demand of poultry products, poultry processing continues to generate a large volume of wastewater rich in diverse foodborne pathogens that require effective treatment to support safe reuse. This study evaluated the disinfection rate of photo-electrochemical (PEC) treatment, which combines electrochemical (EC) and photochemical (PC) treatments for poultry processing wastewater. Wastewater from the scald and inside-outside bird washer (IOBW) units were treated using independent 7 L and 30 L PEC reactors operated at 70 V and 100 V EC with a fixed 1.6% curcumin for PC. Treatment was conducted for 300 minutes with aliquots collected every 30 minutes for quantification of aerobic bacteria (AC), Enterobacteriaceae (EB), coliforms (CC), and E. coli, on Petrifilm™. Furthermore, samples at 0, 150 and 300 minutes were selectively enriched and plated on Campylobacter agar and xylose lysine tergitol-4 for Campylobacter and Salmonella detection, respectively. Microbial reductions were reported as log₁₀ CFU/mL and analyzed using linear mixed-effects model on R software (p ≤ 0.05) with a limit of detection of 1 CFU/mL. Across all wastewater types and reactor scales, PEC treatment at 70 V and 100 V achieved substantial reductions in AC, reducing initial loads of 5.4 - 6.2 log CFU/mL to 2.0 - 2.9 log CFU/mL within 300 minutes. Specifically, treatments at 100 V reduced AC to below the regulatory threshold of 500 CFU/mL (2.70 log CFU/mL) for wastewater reuse. EB, CC, and E. coli were completely inactivated, with faster disinfection generally observed at 100 V (120-180 minutes) compared to 70 V (180-210 minutes). Although differences between pathogen reductions were insignificant between 70 V and 100 V (p> 0.05), disinfection at 100 V showed a trend of quicker and greater microbial reduction across all microorganisms tested. Furthermore, Campylobacter and Salmonella were consistently eliminated within 150 minutes across all treatments. Overall, these findings demonstrate PEC as a viable, sustainable disinfection strategy which effectively reduced microorganisms including Campylobacter and Salmonella in processing wastewater, supporting safe reuse while reducing environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: Cosinor-based rhythmometry reveals how heat stress disrupts the circadian rhythm of core body temperature in broilers.","authors":"Chris Major Ncho, Meg Aui Delmonte, Vaishali Gupta, Yun-Ji Hwang, Yang-Ho Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.106934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the global increase in ambient temperatures, heat stress (HS) has emerged as a significant concern for livestock production. Core body temperature (CBT) has been a reliable indicator of HS in broilers; however, most research has focused on single-time-point measurements, thereby limiting our current understanding of thermoregulation in broilers. Consequently, the objective of this study was to conduct a time-dependent measurement to evaluate the effect of HS on the diurnal pattern of CBT in finishing broilers. To this end, n = 96 mixed sex chicks were divided into a thermoneutral group (CON, 21°C, 49% relative humidity (RH)) and a cyclic HS group (maximum 33°C, 53% RH, from 10:00 h to 16:00 h) from 34 to 40 days of age. Each group consisted of 8 replicates, each with 6 birds. Both environmental temperature and CBT were recorded every 5 min using a thermohygrometer and an ingested telemetry-based sensor, respectively, throughout the trial. Data were analyzed using both linear mixed models and cosinor-based rhythmometry. The results indicated that HS significantly (P < 0.01) modulated the hourly CBT of broilers for 7 consecutive h throughout the days, with the HS group recording higher CBT from 12:00 h to 16:00 h but lower CBT at 18:00 h and 19:00 h compared to the CON group. However, no significant difference was found in the hourly average of CBT between male and female broilers, irrespective of thermal treatment. Additionally, cosinor-based rhythmometry highlighted that rhythmicity parameters were significantly (P = 0.022) influenced by thermal challenge, with the HS group exhibiting a slightly higher mesor (41.19°C vs. 41.00°C), greater amplitude (0.66°C vs. 0.21°C), and an expedited acrophase (13:52 h vs. 15:25 h) compared to those of the CON group. Besides, the CON male broilers exhibited a slightly higher amplitude (P < 0.01) compared to their female counterparts. Overall, the current study demonstrated that HS disrupts the circadian rhythm of CBT in broilers by increasing their mesor and amplitude and synchronizing their acrophase to the time of the peak environmental temperature. Furthermore, broilers may be able to adapt to cyclic HS by substantially decreasing their basal CBT during cooler times of the day.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 7","pages":"106934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}