Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-host metabolism-shell gland axis underlying eggshell deterioration in aged laying hens.","authors":"Xudong Zhao, Qinsong Liu, Yingping Tian, Xiongxiong Cui, Yun Du, Yong Yue, Xing Lei, Zhiwen Chen, Fuping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eggshell quality is an important indicator of the nutritional status, health, and welfare of laying hens and plays a key role in minimizing economic losses and maintaining egg marketability during extended laying cycles. During the late laying period, aged hens commonly exhibit progressive eggshell thinning and reduced shell strength, which increase egg breakage and limit productive lifespan. Although shell gland dysfunction has been implicated in eggshell deterioration, how intestinal microbial remodeling, host metabolism, and shell gland function are coordinated during this process remains unclear. In this study, we integrated eggshell phenotyping, shell gland histology, cecal microbiota profiling, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in Guizhou Recessive White-feather chickens at peak and late laying stages. We found that late-laying hens displayed impaired eggshell ultrastructure and shell gland mucosal degeneration, accompanied by a shift from Lactobacillus- and Limosilactobacillus-enriched microbiota to a dysbiotic community characterized by increased Escherichia-Shigella. Multi-omics analyses revealed disrupted tryptophan metabolism, altered indole-3-pyruvic acid and indoleacetic acid levels, and extensive remodeling of shell gland energy metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Key genes related to mitochondrial function and calcium transport, including MFN1, MDH1, ATP2A3, and SLC8A1, were dysregulated, suggesting impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and calcium handling in the shell gland. Integrated analysis further linked microbial genera, tryptophan-related metabolites, shell gland genes, and eggshell quality traits, supporting a coordinated gut microbiota-host metabolism-shell gland axis. These findings provide a systems-level view of eggshell deterioration in aged laying hens and identify potential microbial and metabolic targets for improving eggshell quality during extended laying cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requirement of phenylalanine and phenylalanine + tyrosine in broiler chickens fed purified amino acid diets and assessment of phenylalanine as a source of tyrosine.","authors":"K B Nelson, S W Hufford, R L Drysdale, L S Parisi, M B Williams, L J Urban, J C Valencia Beltran, M T Kidd, B W Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a paucity of information on the efficacy of Phe as a source of Tyr in chickens, a question that must be considered when expressing requirements for Phe and Tyr jointly (i.e. Phe + Tyr). The objectives of these experiments were to establish Phe and Phe + Tyr dose-response relationships in male Cobb 500 broilers using purified amino acid diets and to assess the efficacy of Phe as a source of Tyr. In Experiment I, Phe + Tyr requirement estimates were determined in diets devoid of Tyr. Dietary treatments were created by supplementing L-Phe in graded increments of 0.10% to achieve a range of 0.50 to 1.20% Phe. In Experiment II, Phe requirement estimates were determined using diets that contained excess Tyr (0.60%). Dietary treatments were created by supplementing L-Phe in graded increments of 0.10% to achieve a range of 0.20 to 0.90% Phe. In Experiment III, the efficacy of Phe as a source of Tyr was determined using a slope-ratio bioassay. Seven dietary treatments were created by supplementing 0.06, 0.12, and 0.18% of either L-Phe or L-Tyr to a purified basal diet that was devoid of Tyr and contained 0.60% Phe. There were 5 replicate pens of 5 male broilers per treatment in each experiment. In Experiments I and II, there was a quadratic effect of Phe on BW gain and gain:feed (P < 0.05). Linear one-slope broken-line regression analysis for gain:feed yielded an estimated Phe + Tyr requirement of 0.93% (R² = 0.96) in Experiment I and a Phe requirement of 0.44% (R² = 0.96) in Experiment II. In Experiment III, BW gain increased linearly in response to supplementation of both L-Phe and L-Tyr (P < 0.05). The estimated efficiency of L-Phe conversion to L-Tyr using multiple linear regression of BW gain on total Phe + Tyr intake ranged from 96.5 to 97.9% on a weight and molar basis. In conclusion, modern broilers can efficiently utilize Phe as a source of Tyr.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Weizmannia faecalis DSM 32016 probiotic supplementation reduces Salmonella colonization and supports growth performance in broilers challenged with Salmonella enterica serovars.","authors":"Lydia Zeibich, Alexandra Schlagheck, Ali R Al Sulaiman, Max Ingberman, Ala E Abudabos, Breno Castello Branco Beirão","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella colonization in broilers remains a major challenge for poultry production and food safety, increasing the need for non-antibiotic nutritional strategies that support intestinal health and pathogen control. This research evaluated the efficacy of Weizmannia faecalis DSM 32016 (WF-32016) as a dietary probiotic supplement in reducing Salmonella colonization and supporting intestinal health and growth performance in broilers under experimental challenge conditions. Two complementary experiments were conducted using Ross 308 broilers. In Study I, 216 birds were allocated to six treatments representing the combination of two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge conditions (non-challenged and challenged) and three dietary regimens: an unsupplemented control, WF-32016 at 400 g/t during the starter phase and 200 g/t during the finisher phase (WF 400/200), or WF-32016 at 400 g/t during both phases (WF 400/400). Growth performance was evaluated throughout the experimental period, and cecal microbial populations, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and ileal histomorphology were assessed on day 35. In Study II, 108 birds were allocated to three treatments: non-challenged control, Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota-challenged control, and Salmonella Minnesota-challenged birds receiving WF-32016 at 400 g/t during the starter phase and 200 g/t during the finisher phase (WF 400/200). Cecal Salmonella colonization and intestinal permeability were assessed on days 7 and 28. In Study I, Salmonella challenge impaired daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency factor, particularly during the finisher and overall periods. WF-32016 supplementation improved performance in challenged broilers, with the WF 400/400 regimen producing the most consistent response. Cecal Salmonella enumerations were numerically reduced by WF-32016 in challenged birds, with the greatest reduction observed in the WF 400/400 group. Supplementation also lowered serum MDA concentrations and numerically increased cecal Lactobacillus populations, while ileal morphology was not adversely affected. In Study II, WF-32016 significantly reduced cecal Salmonella colonization on both days 7 and 28, although intestinal permeability did not differ among treatments. Overall, dietary WF-32016 reduced Salmonella colonization and supported broiler performance under enteric challenge conditions, indicating its potential as a probiotic strategy for improving poultry health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, load and transport-associated risk factors of Salmonella spp. in chickens sold in informal live bird markets in Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Wendenso Patrick Bertrand Tiendrébéogo, Assèta Kagambèga, Arshnee Moodley, Tho Abou Da, Rasmané Tao, Brice Ouedraogo, Nicolas Barro, Michel Dione","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informal poultry trade is central to live-bird value chains in sub-Saharan Africa, but transport and handling practices may facilitate the spread of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella spp. This regional study assessed the occurrence, bacterial load, and transport-related risk factors of Salmonella spp. in indigenous village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) marketed through the Kaya live-bird market in the Centre-Nord Region of Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 49 poultry collectors. Four clinically healthy indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were selected from each collector's transported batch using a stratified random sampling procedure based on spatial position (front, middle, rear) yielding a total of 196 birds. Birds originated from smallholder households in surrounding villages and were selected for live sale. Cecal contents were analyzed for Salmonella spp. using ISO 6579:2012 protocols, bacterial loads were quantified by the Most Probable Number method, and isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Structured interviews documented collector characteristics, sourcing, transport, hygiene, and biosecurity. Logistic regression identified factors associated with Salmonella occurrence, while linear regression assessed predictors of bacterial load. Salmonella spp. was detected in 41.3% of chickens, with 59.2% of collectors having at least one positive bird. Transporting 21-50 birds and collectors having verified the vaccination status of birds when collecting chickens were associated with higher odds of detection. Higher bacterial loads were linked to temporary stops during collection or transport and reuse of dedicated work clothing without proper cleaning. This regional survey highlights the collector and live-bird market stage as a critical interface for Salmonella circulation in village poultry systems. Practical recommendation include reducing overcrowding during transport, improving confinement and hygiene practices, and strengthening biosecurity measures among poultry collectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral fish oil gavage alters relative fatty acid composition across brain regions in broiler chickens.","authors":"Hatem M Eltahan, Vishwajit S Chowdhury, Nasser S S Ben-Qasem, Hossam M El-Tahan, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play important roles in brain structure and function, but their short-term regional distribution in the avian brain remains unclear. This study evaluated whether oral fish oil (FO) administration alters relative fatty acid composition and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in different brain regions of broiler chickens. Forty 30-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were assigned to receive either corn oil (CT) or FO (2 mL/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage for 10 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the diencephalon, brainstem, telencephalon, cerebellum, and mesencephalon were collected for fatty acid and gene expression analyses, and serum biochemical variables were determined. Fish oil did not affect feed intake, body weight gain, serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, or interleukin-6 concentrations (P > 0.05). In contrast, FO was associated with region-dependent shifts in relative brain fatty acid composition. The telencephalon showed higher relative proportions of EPA, DHA, and total PUFA, whereas the cerebellum showed a higher relative EPA proportion and a nonsignificant tendency toward a higher DHA proportion. Relative EPA and DHA proportions were lower in the brainstem and unchanged in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. Fish oil altered relative fatty acid composition and NPY expression in a brain-region-dependent manner; however, the NPY responses did not consistently parallel EPA/DHA changes and were not associated with altered feed intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary chlorogenic acid improves sperm kinematics in aging breeder roosters via modulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway.","authors":"Xiangsen Zeng, Boxuan Fu, Xihui Sheng, Xiangguo Wang, Yaxi Xu, Cheng Long, Xiaolong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation on sperm motility parameters, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive hormone levels in aging breeder roosters. Ninety-six 63-week-old Jingfen No. 6 roosters were randomly divided into four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CGA for six weeks. Dietary CGA supplementation significantly improved sperm motility parameters, including straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), straightness (STR), and linearity (LIN) (P < 0.05), with most parameters increasing linearly with increasing CGA supplementation (P < 0.01). The 2000 mg/kg group generally had the highest sperm velocity and motility characteristics at week 6. CGA supplementation significantly affected plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) (P < 0.05), with the highest levels observed in the 500 mg/kg group. CGA significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of plasma, seminal plasma, and testicular tissue, manifested by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as enhanced scavenging capacity for superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced in all CGA-supplemented groups (P < 0.05), indicating reduced lipid peroxidation. At the molecular level, CGA supplementation upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and several antioxidant-related genes. Specifically, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression was significantly increased in all CGA-treated groups, whereas superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and CAT expression were significantly elevated in the 2000 mg/kg group. In addition, Nrf2 expression was significantly increased in the 500 and 2000 mg/kg groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CGA improved sperm motility and enhanced antioxidant capacity in aging layer breeder roosters, and these beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced antioxidant defense mediated, at least in part, through the Nrf2-related signaling pathway. These findings suggest that CGA is a promising functional feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of aging roosters.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Cupplant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) flavonoid supplementation is associated with changes in cecal microbial diversity and community structure in broiler chickens.","authors":"Kabelo Anthony Makatjane, Jiayin Xu, Wei Guo, Guanglong Liu, Yuhan Wang, Hongzhi Lin, Zhang Fang, Tengyuqi Li, Haizhu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cupplant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) contains flavonoids that may influence the intestinal microbiota, but their effects in broilers remain poorly defined. We examined cecal microbial responses to dietary Cupplant flavonoids. Two hundred forty one-day-old broilers were assigned to four diets containing 0 (CH), 100 (S1), 200 (S2), or 300 (S3) mg/kg flavonoid extract, with five replicate cages per treatment. At day 42, cecal digesta from six birds per treatment were characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; one cage per treatment contributed two sampled birds. QIIME2/DADA2 processing yielded 1,601,918 retained reads and 2,735 amplicon sequence variants. Observed ASVs, Chao1 richness, and Shannon diversity were higher in S3 than CH (adjusted P < 0.05), although responses were non-monotonic. Global Bray-Curtis PERMANOVA showed treatment-associated differences in community composition (pseudo-F(3,20) = 2.997, R² = 0.310, P = 0.001), while PERMDISP was non-significant (P = 0.168). All pairwise PERMANOVA comparisons remained significant after multiplicity correction. False-discovery-rate (FDR)-controlled metagenomeSeq identified six genera in the CH-S1 comparison and three in CH-S3, with Escherichia-Shigella, Desulfovibrio, and Anaerotignum recurring in both contrasts; CH-S2 had no FDR-significant genera. Reconstructed FDR-controlled networks retained only 6.8-12.0 % of nominal edges, and βNTI, NST, and iCAMP results did not support a monotonic dose-dependent shift in community assembly. Descriptive final body weight and average daily gain values were similar across treatments, but cage-level growth inference was not possible from the archived data. Cupplant flavonoid supplementation was associated with non-linear changes in cecal microbial diversity and composition, warranting confirmation in cage-aware, adequately powered studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary pterostilbene supplementation enhances growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers.","authors":"Xinyan Li, Jiajun Hao, Zhongyu Li, Haoyang Sun, Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of pterostilbene (PTE) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbial community in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers with similar initial body weights (36.68 ± 0.27 g) were assigned to four dietary treatments, each having six replicate pens containing ten birds: CON (basal diet), PTE150 (150 mg pterostilbene / kg diet), PTE300 (300 mg pterostilbene /kg diet), and PTE450 (450 mg pterostilbene / kg diet). Dietary supplementation of PTE significantly improved final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), during the periods of 1-21, 21-42, and 1-42 days (P < 0.05). Broilers fed PTE significantly reduced the pH_24h in muscles (P < 0.05). In breast muscle, PTE significantly decreased b*₁₅ _min, drip loss, and shear force, while it significantly increased the L*₂₄ _h (P < 0.05). In thigh muscle, PTE supplementation significantly increased L*₂₄ _h (P < 0.001), reduced drip loss and cooking loss (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary PTE supplementation significantly increased moisture content in breast muscle and crude protein content in thigh muscle (P < 0.001). In the serum GSH‑Px, CAT, and SOD were significantly increased (P < 0.05); breast muscle T‑AOC, GSH‑Px, CAT, and SOD were significantly increased (P < 0.05); thigh muscle T‑AOC and CAT were significantly increased (P < 0.05); and jejunal and ileal T‑AOC, GSH‑Px, and SOD were significantly increased (P < 0.05), with jejunal CAT significantly increased (P < 0.05). Concurrently, PTE supplementation resulted in extremely significant reductions in MDA in serum, thigh muscle, and ileum (P < 0.001). Additionally, pterostilbene optimized the gut microbial structure. At the family level, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospiraceae in the 300 mg/kg PTE group. PTE exerts significant benefits on growth performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality in yellow‑feathered broilers, along with favorable modulation of the cecal microbiota, supporting its potential as a promising feed additive in commercial broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted ovulator hens as a novel experimental model of fatty liver disease.","authors":"Daniel Junpyo Lee, Venkata Prathap Reddy Keshavareddy, Doyun Goo, Hemanth Reddy Katha, Venkata Sesha Reddy Choppa, Hamid Reza Rafieian Naeini, Ishwari Gyawali, Sai Kumar Reddy Ragyari, Deependra Paneru, Susan Michelle Williams, Robert Michael Gogal, Younghoon Kim, Woo Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common metabolic disorder in laying hens, characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced egg production. The development of reliable experimental models is essential for improving the understanding of FLD pathogenesis and for evaluating preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to determine whether restricted ovulator (RO) hens represent an effective experimental model for FLD based on hepatic lipid accumulation and the severity of the phenotype under dietary challenge, in comparison with wild-type (WT) hens. A total of 72 Hy-Line laying hens, including 36 WT hens and 36 RO hens, were fed a normal (N), low-choline (L), or low-choline and high-cholesterol (LH) diet for 4 weeks in a 2 × 3 factorial design. All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and Student's t-test or Tukey's honestly significant difference test was applied when P < 0.05. Hepatic total lipid content (% of dry and wet liver weight) was significantly higher in RO hens than in WT hens (P < 0.0001) and was further increased by the LH diet compared with the N or L diets (P < 0.0001). Hepatic triglyceride levels exhibited a significant genotype × diet interaction, with the highest levels observed in RO hens fed the LH diet (P = 0.02). The expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis (ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD) was significantly increased by the LH diet compared with the N or L diet. In contrast, the expression of genes involved in triglyceride synthesis (GPAM and DGAT2) was significantly elevated in RO hens compared with WT hens. In conclusion, hepatic lipid accumulation was associated with diet-induced upregulation of de novo lipogenesis-related genes and genotype-associated increases in the expression of triglyceride synthesis-related genes in RO hens. Collectively, these findings support the use of RO hens as a suitable experimental model for FLD and indicate that feeding an LH diet to RO hens represents an effective approach for inducing a more pronounced FLD phenotype in laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The precise nutritional roles of calcium and phosphorus and the synergistic effects and mechanisms in chicken.","authors":"Teng Yang, Ailian Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As essential mineral elements for poultry nutrition, calcium and phosphorus are not only the main components of bones and eggshells, but also participate in physiological processes such as energy metabolism and cell signal transduction. Calcium and phosphorus are also important factors affecting feed cost, in addition to energy and crude protein. As the poultry industry continues to develop towards intensification and large-scale operation, the dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus have been continuously increasing, leading to problems such as raising feed costs and environmental risks. This article aims to review the precise nutritional roles of calcium and phosphorus and the synergistic effects and mechanisms in chicken. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for peer-reviewed articles published in English and Chinese between January 2000 and June 2026. The initial search returned 41506 records. After exclusion of 5714 duplicates, 35512 articles were screened by title, abstract and keywords, and 280 were assessed in full text. Ultimately, 97 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. These studies included dose-response experiments conducted on broilers and layers from different geographical regions, as well as studies related to the mechanisms and review articles. Based on this, this article reviews the precise nutritional roles of calcium and phosphorus, the nutritional sensitivity indicators, the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on eggshell quality and bone development, the calcium and phosphorus requirements of different chicken breeds, the calcium-phosphorus synergistic effect and the related mechanisms, and proposes some nutritional regulation measures for dietary calcium and phosphorus. It also looks forward to future research directions, providing important references for the research and application of precise nutrition of calcium and phosphorus in the chicken industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}