Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Cecal bacterial communities and lung immunity in layers fed omega-3 fatty acids or yeast bioactives under different space allowance.","authors":"Paul Kibaba Waliaula, Xinhua Yin, Dion Lepp, Lindsey Clairmont, Elijah G Kiarie, Moussa S Diarra","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry-rearing environment and diet can influence gut microbiota and immunity. However, the long-term effects of early-life nutritional interventions on gut heath in layers under various spacing allowances (SA) are not well understood. This study investigated how early-life dietary yeast bioactives (YB) or co-extruded full-fat flaxseed, a source of omega-3 fatty acids (N-3 FA), from placement to 16 weeks of age (woa) influenced the development of cecal microbiota and immune function in Lohmann LSL Lite pullets reared under different SA, with follow-up to 72 woa. The experiment involved 2,832 newly hatched chicks reared in an enriched cage system under high (HSA, 348 cm²/bird) or low (LSA, 284 cm²/bird) SA and fed either control diet (C), C + 3 % N-3 FA, or C + 0.05 % YB. Ceca were sampled at 4, 8, 16, 35, and 72 woa for bacterial plate counts, 16S rRNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification. Lungs were analyzed for immune gene expression. At 4 and 16 woa, β-diversity (P = 0.01) revealed dissimilarity between the bacterial communities of birds under HSA and LSA groups. High Bacteroides abundances, propionic and iso-butyric acids concentrations were observed in LSA at both sampling points (P<0.05). At 16 woa, the highest and lowest n-butyrate concentrations were noted in N-3 FA- and control-fed birds, respectively (P < 0.05), regardless of SA. Barnesiellaceae positively correlated with n-valeric and acetic acid in N-3 FA-fed birds at 4 woa. In YB-fed pullets, Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae showed a positive correlation with n-butyric acid. In the lungs, about 15 genes, including IL1β,IL2, and IL8, were differentially expressed depending on SA and diets (P<0.05). Early dietary YB or N-3 FA under different SA modulated cecal bacterial community diversity and structure, SCFA profiles, and enhanced lung immune responses in layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of auditory enrichment on Pekin duck production and welfare.","authors":"J M Schober, G Ayres, G Chambers, E Stuart, B Peterson, J Curry, G S Fraley","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have looked at the effects of auditory enrichment on the production and welfare of poultry species, while none have looked at Pekin ducks specifically. We utilized 400 grow-out Pekin ducks obtained on day-of-hatch from a commercial hatchery and evenly and randomly placed into 4 pens in 3 rooms. Each room was randomly assigned one of three audio treatments: control (CON; no auditory enrichment), classical music (MOZ; Mozart's String Quintets) or pond sounds (POND; Pond Sounds - Relaxator on Apple Music®). Ducks were housed to closely approximate industry standards for density with30 ducks/pen. The POND and MOZ audio started on week 1 (day 7) and were played starting at 0300h (lights on) until 2100h (lights off) one hour on, one hour off, in a cyclic manner with a range of 65-75dB. Body condition scores were taken on 10 birds/pen/week (final N=80 ducks/treatment/week) using a published rubric. Production data were collected weekly. On weeks 2, 4, and 6, two ducks/pen were euthanized using pentobarbital and organ and body weights were recorded (final N=16 ducks/treatment/week). Body condition scores were analyzed using the PROC LOGISTIC procedure (SAS v9.4) and odds ratios were calculated. All other data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS v9.4) and Tukey's test for post-hoc analyses. A p≤0.05 was considered significant. The study was repeated, resulting in experiment 1 and experiment 2. For experiment 1, no significant differences were observed among groups for weekly body weights, dissection measures, or FCR. For experiment 2, ducks in the MOZ group weighed less than ducks in the POND (p=0.0010) and CON groups (p=0.0109). MOZ ducks had worse feather cleanliness scores, worse foot pad scores, and worse feather quality scores than POND and CON ducks. These present differing results, so future research is needed to fully understand how different auditory enrichment affects the production and welfare of Pekin ducks under more specific flock conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty-one degrees celsius enhances proliferation of chicken muscle satellite cells via mechanistic target of rapamycin activation and mitochondrial metabolism","authors":"Dongjin Yu ,&nbsp;Leecheon Kim ,&nbsp;Jongryun Kim ,&nbsp;Junseok Ban ,&nbsp;Kwanseob Shim ,&nbsp;Darae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chicken muscle satellite cells (<strong>CMSCs</strong>) possess a self-renewal capacity and myogenic differentiation potential, making them valuable cellular resources for cultured meat production. Enhancing the proliferation rate of CMSCs is essential to improve production efficiency, and cellular proliferation is highly sensitive to changes in the culture temperature. Generally, the standard culture temperature for most cells is 37 °C. however, this does not reflect the physiological body temperature of chickens. In this study, we cultured CMSCs at 37, 39, 41, and 43 °C to determine the optimal temperature for proliferation and investigate the metabolic responses of cells under these conditions. Cell counting and CCK8 assays revealed that CMSCs cultured at 41 °C exhibited a significantly higher proliferation rate than those cultured at other temperatures. Furthermore, compared to the 37 °C control group, cells cultured at 41 °C showed enhanced mitochondrial function and increased adenosine triphosphate (<strong>ATP</strong>) production, accompanied by the upregulation of genes associated with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (<strong>mTOR</strong>) signaling pathway. Although reactive oxygen species (<strong>ROS</strong>) generation was elevated at 41 °C, no significant change in the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1(<strong>SOD1</strong>) was observed, and the expression of Catalase decreased. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the expression of apoptotic pathway-related factors. These findings suggest that 41 °C is the optimal temperature for promoting the proliferation and mitochondrial metabolism of CMSCs, providing insights into the optimization of culture conditions for cultured meat production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"Article 105875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of spirulina powder (Arthrospira platensis) enhances growth, antioxidant status, immune function, and cardiac health in Japanese quails.","authors":"Arezoo Isazaei, Farzad Bagherzadeh-Kasmani, Mahmoud Ghazaghi, Mehran Mehri, Javid Esfandiari","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina powder) on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and lipid metabolism in Japanese quails. A total of 600 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with five replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments included a control group (basal diet with no additive) and three experimental groups supplemented with 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg/kg of Spirulina powder, respectively. Growth performance, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and immune responses were assessed between days 7 and 35. Results demonstrated that Spirulina supplementation linearly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and catalase) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle (P < 0.001). Relative weights of immune organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen) increased significantly, and serum immunoglobulins (IgY, IgM, IgA) were elevated in Spirulina-fed groups, showing predominantly linear and occasionally quadratic responses. Innate immunity markers including complement C3, interleukin-10, and lysozyme also increased. Furthermore, Spirulina supplementation decreased serum LDL and improved HDL concentrations and the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Spirulina powder exerted clear linear and, in some cases, quadratic dose-dependent effects on growth, antioxidant defense, immune responses, and lipid metabolism in Japanese quails, supporting its potential as a functional feed additive in poultry nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the ramp use of cage-free laying hens with deep learning technologies.","authors":"Bidur Paneru, Xiao Yang, Anjan Dhungana, Samin Dahal, Casey W Ritz, Woo Kim, Tianming Liu, Lilong Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mislaid eggs are management and economic challenges in Cage-free (CF) housing systems, producing about 10-15 % floor eggs, although approximately 40 % of table egg laying hens are now in CF production systems. Ramps may ease the use of nesting boxes by minimizing physical extension to hens, thereby reducing floor eggs, and increasing the number of eggs laid in the nest box. The objective of our study was to develop a deep learning method for monitoring hens' ramp use and the potential impact of ramp access to the nest box on the number of floor eggs and the number of eggs laid in the nest boxes. A total of 600 Lohmann LSL Lite hens were raised from day 1 to 413 in three identical research rooms (7.3 m L × 6.1 m W × 3 m H) following the Lohmann LSL Lite management guide. Each study room had four nest boxes placed at the four corners of the room. Two nest boxes were provided with ramp access (R), and two nest boxes had no ramp access (NR) in each study room and were replicated among three study rooms. The ramp use was video recorded at 15 frames per second (fps). We trained two You Only Look Once (YOLO) models, YOLOv5u and YOLO11, object detection models for 200 epochs each. A total of 2,000 images were used for training (70 %), validation (20 %), and testing (10 %) for the model. All models achieved a precision, recall, and mean average precision at 0.50 intersection over union (mAP@0.50) of at least 0.94. YOLO11n(nano) achieved the highest precision (0.9940), recall (0.9934), and mAP@0.50 (0.9848). Our best model provides a baseline for automatic ramp use detection with 0.99 precision. Ramp access did not lower the floor egg production statistically (p = 0.5468). Across bird weeks, ramp access (R) and no ramp access (NR) revealed opposite patterns in floor and nest-box egg production. Ramp access generally resulted in significantly higher floor egg production in several weeks (52, 54, 58), but also produced higher nest-box egg counts in other weeks (49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58), whereas no-ramp access showed more nest-box access in weeks when ramp access floor egg were high (48, 50, 53, 55, 57, 59). Overall, ramp access did not consistently increase or decrease egg laying in either location, but shifted the proportion of eggs between the floor and nest-boxes depending on bird age (week). Future studies are warranted to investigate the effect of ramp use on nesting behavior and floor eggs from egg laying to the end of the laying cycle. Data on floor eggs and nest box eggs with ramp access to the nest box from commercial aviary systems, as well as the CF system, also need to be compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on broiler production and blood biochemistry in phytase-supplemented diets.","authors":"Qian Zhang, Hui Zhang, Jingcheng Zhang, Shikui Wang, Zhenzhen Wang, Stephane Duval, Aaron J Cowieson","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous publications have reported the detrimental effects of calcium (Ca) over-feeding on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility, but its impact on blood biochemistry related to nutrient metabolism is not clear. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ca and phosphorus (P) on broiler production and blood metabolites in phytase-supplemented diets. A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied, including 3 Ca levels (Low, Medium or High) and 2 non-phytate P (nPP) levels (Marginal or Adequate). The experimental diets were corn-SBM based, and a phytase product (HiPhorius^TM, dsm-firmenich, Switzerland) at 1000 FYT/kg was supplied in all the diets. There were 40 birds/pen and 8 pens/treatment. The results showed significant interactions between Ca and P levels (P < 0.05) during the starter phase: High Ca increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma uric acid compared to Low Ca with Marginal nPP level, while High Ca improved (P < 0.05) tibia ash compared to Low Ca with Adequate nPP level. However, these interactions diminished as birds aged, only significant main effects of Ca level (P < 0.05) were observed on these parameters in the finisher phase. Compared to Low Ca, High Ca showed lower (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) gain and higher (P < 0.05) BW-corrected FCR at 0-42 d of age, higher (P < 0.05) tibia ash and breaking strength, and higher (P < 0.05) plasma uric acid at 43 or 44 d of age. The increase of plasma uric acid with High Ca may indicate a possible competition in the renal system to regulate nitrogen metabolism and Ca/P homeostasis, presumably compromising protein accretion. Additionally, High Ca showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) footpad lesion scores compared to Low Ca, especially with Marginal nPP level. In conclusion, a decrease of dietary Ca may improve growth performance and footpad lesion scores by alleviating renal burden through its hypocalciuretic effect, but this comes at the expense of reduced bone mineralization and breaking strength. Therefore, the dietary Ca level is recommended to be adjusted according to specific production objectives in broiler operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-state fermented Artemisia argyi residue improves immune response and intestinal integrity of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens.","authors":"Feng Xue, Zhiyuan Chen, Jun Wang, Jiahao Zhao, Fangqin Liu, Can Zhang, Wenhua Liu, Xiaojing Hao, Shouzhen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in broilers is rising with antibiotic restrictions, severely undermining their health and productivity, and necessitating safe, effective alternatives for control. Artemisia argyi is rich in bioactive compounds, and fermented herbal medicines confer multiple benefits for animal health. However, the potential of solid-state fermented Artemisia argyi residues (AARF) for controlling NE remains underexplored. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that AARF improves immune responses and intestinal integrity in broilers challenged with C. perfringens. Broilers were assigned into five groups: an uninfected control (Con) group, an infected control (CP) without AARF group, and three infected groups treated with AARF at 15 g/L, 30 g/L, and 45 g/L (AARF-15, AARF-30, AARF-45). From day 14 to day 21 of age, the infected groups received a daily oral gavage of 2 mL (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) fresh C. perfringens suspension to induce NE, the Con group received 2 mL sterile cooked meat medium. Broilers supplemented with 30 g/L AARF exhibited enhanced levels of antibodies against C. perfringens alpha toxin (α-toxin), elevated expression levels of hepatic IL-2 and IgA compared with the CP group (all P < 0.05). In the AARF-30 group, body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), jejunal villus height (VH), and the activity of jejunal sucrase were all higher than those in the CP group at 21 days of age. The expression level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was upregulated in the AARF-30 and AARF-45 groups relative to the CP group, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased in the AARF-30 group, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was downregulated in the AARF-15 and AARF-30 groups (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with an optimal concentration of 30 g/L AARF has been shown to better improve the immune response and intestinal integrity in broilers challenged with C. perfringens. These findings indicate that AARF serves as a promising alternative to antibiotics in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengths, challenges, and variations - insights into biosecurity practices in Swedish poultry production following HPAI outbreaks","authors":"Malin Grant ,&nbsp;Désirée S. Jansson ,&nbsp;Arianna Comin ,&nbsp;Magdalena Jacobson ,&nbsp;Maria Nöremark","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated quantitatively and qualitatively the implementation of biosecurity in commercial poultry production in Sweden during 2020 and 2021 when outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred. The study included case and non-case farms located in areas subjected to HPAI restriction zones with broiler parent breeders, layer pullets, laying hens, broilers, and meat turkeys with at least 2,000 birds. General biosecurity routines were investigated focusing on the wild bird-poultry interface. Data collection was based on face-to-face interviews and on-farm observations on 15 farms with HPAI outbreaks and 33 matched non-case farms using a questionnaire and the biosecurity scoring tool Biocheck.UGent (<span><span>https://biocheckgent.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) to assess general biosecurity practices. Data were analyzed to identify differences related to poultry categories, geographical region, farm size and HPAI disease status. Additionally, qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis to explore barriers to biosecurity implementation.</div><div>The findings indicated that while biosecurity levels were generally high, there was significant variation among farms with category-specific strengths and challenges. Common weaknesses observed included inadequate infrastructure such as anteroom layout, limited training of farmworkers, suboptimal hand hygiene, and difficulties in maintaining good hygiene during the storage and introduction of roughage, such as hay and straw, into barns. Moreover, farmyards often lacked designated clean and dirty areas.</div><div>The qualitative analysis identified several factors affecting the implementation of biosecurity, and key qualitative themes were conflicting priorities, compliance based on perceived risk, and feelings of powerlessness. A need for specific knowledge on effective biosecurity measures against HPAI was expressed as well as lack of knowledge among farmworkers. The farm infrastructure could both facilitate and hamper effective biosecurity depending on its design. A risk-based approach meant adapting biosecurity based on the perceived risk of outbreaks and risk connected to different introduction routes. The conflicts of interest raised were often in relation to animal welfare and environmental considerations.</div><div>The main conclusions were that there is high heterogeneity in biosecurity among Swedish poultry farms, with implementation affected by multiple factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"Article 105871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-matched recombiant inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine confer protection against genotype Ⅻ challenge in geese with maternal antibodies.","authors":"Jinlian Ren, Yichun Chen, Rimei Yao, Lijin Lai, Xiaotong Yan, Hongtao Xiao, Qiuyan Lin, Tao Ren, Libin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in China, which exhibit a tendency toward increased virulence, are from genotype Ⅻ infections obtained from waterfowl. Based on our previous findings, the genotype Ⅻ strain E115 was non-pathogenic in geese but induced notable clinical symptoms in chickens without mortality. However, in recent years, we isolated the genotype Ⅻ strain E117 from dead geese and confirmed its lethality in geese through animal regression tests. Genotype-matched vaccination has been proposed as a potential solution. In this study, two NDV vaccination strains, mE115 and mE117, were rescued and evaluated for their resistance to wild-type virus attacks. In vivo analysis revealed that compared with that of the commercial vaccine group, the mE117, and mE115 immune groups exhibited higher antibody levels. The results of the immune protection test showed that the mE117 and mE115 vaccines prevented geese from dying when exposed to the E117 challenge. In contrast, the commercial vaccine group exhibited a survival rate of 62.5%. Furthermore, viral shedding drastically decreased to 0% in the mE117 and mE115 immunised groups, whereas virus shedding was observed in the visceral organs, oropharynx, or cloaca in the commercial vaccine group. Compared with that of the commercial vaccine, the two vaccine candidates developed in this study provided complete protection for geese against genotype Ⅻ challenges. These findings provide a foundation for the development of more effective vaccines to control Newcastle disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 11","pages":"105865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daidzein-betaine cocrystal alleviates high-energy and low-protein diet induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through gut-liver axis.","authors":"Yanling Sun, Tiantian Wang, Yu Zhang, Ning Ma, Xinghua Zhao, Xin He","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.105867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) severely endangers the health and productivity of laying hens, marked by hepatic steatosis and impaired lipid metabolism. Daidzein-betaine cocrystal improves lipid metabolism in the diet-induced obesity mice. We investigated the effects of daidzein-betaine cocrystal diet on production performance, egg quality, intestinal injury, cecal microbiota, the metabolites of intestinal microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism in FLHS laying hens. A total of 108 twenty-eight-week-old laying hens were allocated to 6 treatments: the control group (normal diet), model group (high-energy and low-protein (HELP) diet), daidzein group (200 mg/kg daidzein + HELP diet), betaine group (184.62 mg/kg betaine + HELP diet), physical mixture group (384.62 mg/kg physical mixture + HELP diet) and daidzein-betaine cocrystal group (384.62 mg/kg daidzein-betaine cocrystal + HELP diet). The findings showed that intake of daidzein, betaine, physical mixture and daidzein-betaine cocrystal effectively alleviated the disordered lipid metabolism in laying hens fed a HELP diet. Moreover, daidzein-betaine cocrystal was best supplement in the improvement of the lipid metabolism. The daidzein-betaine cocrystal modulated the dysbiosis induced by HELP-diet through reducing the abundance of Desulfovibrio and increasing the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, whereas enhancing β-diversity of the gut microbiome, to restore equilibrium. Fecal metabolomics analysis showed that the indicators related to the 6 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) of lipid metabolism were improved. Transcriptome analysis identified 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism. DAMs and DEGs were mainly co-enriched in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. To sum up, our results showed that dietary daidzein-betaine cocrystal could alleviate hepatic metabolic disorders associated with FLHS in laying hens by regulating the \"gut-liver axis\". This highlights the significant potential of the daidzein-betaine cocrystal as a therapeutic agent for counteracting the impacts of a HELP diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 12","pages":"105867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}