Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ enhances the expression of phosphorus transporters via vitamin D receptor in ligated duodenal loops of Arbor Acres male broilers.","authors":"Weiyun Zhang, Yanqiang Geng, Ke Yang, Yangyang Hu, Mengxiao Xue, Xiaoyan Cui, Liyang Zhang, Shengchen Wang, Tingting Li, Xugang Luo, Yun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25-(OH)₂D₃] could promote phosphorus (P) absorption in the duodenum of broilers. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the action of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃. However, it remains unknown whether and how VDR is involved in promoting P absorption in the duodenum of broilers by 1,25-(OH)₂D₃. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of added 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ levels on P absorption, mRNA or protein expression levels of VDR, retinoid X receptor (RXR), type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb), inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) 1 and PiT-2, and the enrichments of VDR bound to DNA promoters of the above P transporters in the ligated duodenal loops of Arbor Acres male broilers. The duodenal loops were perfused with solutions (pH = 6.0) containing 0 (control), 12.5, or 25.0 ng/L of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ for up to 40 min. The results indicated that the addition of either 12.5 or 25.0 ng/L 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ to the perfusates increased (P < 0.04) P absorption percentage and rate, as well as the mRNA expression levels of VDR, RXR, NaPi-IIb, and PiT-2, alongside protein expression levels of VDR, NaPi-IIb, and PiT-2, whereas it did not affect (P > 0.10) PiT-1 mRNA and protein expression levels. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ administration increased (P < 0.01) the enrichments of VDR bound to NaPi-IIb and PiT-2 DNA promoter regions in the ligated duodenal loops of broilers, which were in line with their mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ increased P absorption possibly through VDR-mediated transactivation of NaPi-IIb and PiT-2 genes in the duodenum of Arbor Acres male broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional responses to diets without mineral phosphorus supplementation in the jejunum of two high-yielding laying hen strains","authors":"Yosef A. Abitew ,&nbsp;Henry Reyer ,&nbsp;Frieder Hadlich ,&nbsp;Michael Oster ,&nbsp;Nares Trakooljul ,&nbsp;Vera Sommerfeld ,&nbsp;Markus Rodehutscord ,&nbsp;Klaus Wimmers ,&nbsp;Siriluck Ponsuksili","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (<strong>P</strong>) is an essential mineral for all forms of life including laying hens, playing a crucial role in growth and efficient egg production. Recent studies suggest that current P recommendations might exceed the physiological demand, leading to unnecessarily high P excretions. This study on Lohmann Brown (<strong>LB</strong>) and Lohmann Selected Leghorn (<strong>LSL</strong>) laying hens (n=80; 10 replicates per strain, production period, and dietary group) investigates transcriptional changes in the jejunum, a critical intestinal segment for mineral absorption, in response to a diet either without (<strong>P-</strong>) or with (<strong>P+</strong>) a mineral supplement from monocalcium phosphate, administered over a 4-week period during the transition (15–19 weeks) or onset of laying (20–24 weeks). DESeq2 analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that most differentially expressed genes (<strong>DEGs</strong>) varied between strains and age groups, with less pronounced effects from dietary mineral P content. The 19-week-old LB hens showed a stronger response to dietary mineral P removal, with transcripts affiliated with increased adaptation of the metabolism and decreased immune pathway activation. The identified pathways such as folate biosynthesis and p53 signaling, potentially link altered energy and amino acid metabolism (2-oxocarboxylic acid and arginine). Interestingly, genes involved in calcium transport (<em>CALB1</em>) and cellular signaling (<em>PRKCA, STEAP4</em>) along with tight junctions (<em>CLDN2</em>) were affected by complete removal of mineral P supplements, suggesting a promoted intestinal mineral uptake. Transcriptional regulation in the jejunum in response to low dietary mineral content is strain-specific when the laying phase begins, which may contribute to a physiological Ca:P ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Pasteurella multocida induces chicken macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting the Zyxin-FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB axis","authors":"Pan Li ,&nbsp;Guangfu Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Fang He ,&nbsp;Xiongli Liu ,&nbsp;Nengzhang Li ,&nbsp;Yuanyi Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pasteurella multocida</em> (<em>P. multocida</em>) can cause infection in various animals, especially livestock and poultry, which can lead to substantial losses to the breeding industry. However, the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em> remains largely unknown. In this study, the mechanisms of avian <em>P. multocida</em> pathogenesis were explored. Chicken macrophage HD11 cells were infected with the avian strain PmQ and the bovine strain PmCQ2. PmQ induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis and exerted a stronger anti-phagocytotic effect on HD11 cells than PmCQ2. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that focal adhesion (FA)-related genes were significantly downregulated in PmQ-infected HD11 cells compared with that of PmCQ2. Subsequently, phalloidin staining of the F-actin assembly revealed that PmQ more significantly inhibited the formation of FAs in HD11 than PmCQ2. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of Zyxin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly decreased in PmQ-infected cells, confirming that PmQ inhibited FAs. Consequently, PmQ inhibited the FA downstream factor Akt, which decreased NF-κB and FoxO1 phosphorylation, as evidenced by the decreased expression of downstream anti-apoptotic genes (<em>GADD45B, BCL2L1, BCL2A1</em>, and <em>BIRC2</em>) and increased expression of downstream pro-apoptotic genes (<em>BCL6, PKL2, PKL3,</em> and <em>KLF2</em>). Conversely, pharmaceutically inhibiting FA formation using latrunculin A better enhanced PmCQ2-induced than PmQ-induced apoptosis in HD11 cells. Similarly, the knockdown of Zyxin or FoxO1 by siRNA both boosted the PmCQ2-induced apoptosis rates equal to those of PmQ. These results demonstrated that PmQ inhibited Zyxin-dependent FA formation and disrupted the FAK-AKT-FoxO1/NF-κB pathway to induce apoptosis in chicken macrophages. This study thus offers insights into the pathogenesis of avian <em>P. multocida</em>, which could facilitate the development of new strategies against <em>P. multocida</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"Article 104504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive impact of dietary marine sulfated polysaccharides derived from macroalgae during a necrotic enteritis challenge.","authors":"Candice E C Blue, María Garcia Suarez, Elise Nacer-Khodja, Maria A Rodriguez, Rami A Dalloul","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caused by the Gram-positive bacteria Clostridium perfringens, necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric disease with significant economic implications in broiler production. This study employed an experimental NE model involving co-infection with Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens to assess whether sulfate polysaccharides extracted from marine macroalgae could mitigate the adverse effects of NE in broilers. A total of 600 day (d)-old Ross 708 male broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: NC (negative control, fed a corn-soybean meal diet); PC (positive control, NC + 15 ppm Avilamycin and 125 ppm Amprolium); AGS (Algimun® Standard, NC + Algimun added at 0.1 % of the diet); and AGH (Algimun High, NC + Algimun added at 0.2 % of the diet). Average daily feed intake and weight gain were calculated and adjusted for daily mortality on d 14, 21, 28, and 42. On d 21, four birds/pen were examined for intestinal NE lesions. On d 14, 21, and 42, serum and jejunum samples from one bird/pen were collected to measure the concentration of the biomarker calprotectin and mRNA abundance of cytokines and tight junction proteins. Data were analyzed using JMP and significance between treatments identified by LSD (P ≤ 0.05). NE lesion scores on d 21, and mortality and FCR during d 0 to 42 were lower in PC, AGS, and AGH compared to NC birds. AGS birds had the lowest levels for serum calprotectin on d 21 while PC, AGS, and AGH had lower levels than the NC group on d 42. On d 14 and d 42, mRNA abundance of CLDN1, 3, ZO1, IL1β, IFNγ, IL10, and IL12B was greater in AGS and AGH birds compared to NC. Also, AGH had a greater abundance of TNFα on d 14 and d 42 compared to NC. Further, mRNA abundance of CLDN3, ZO1, 2, OCLDN, IL1β, IL10, IL12B, IFNγ, and ANXA1 was greater in PC on d 21 compared to NC and AGS. Based on these findings, dietary supplementation of this macroalgae-derived sulfated polysaccharides yielded a similar response to an antibiotic growth promoter presenting potential as an alternative additive.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of branched-chain amino acid imbalance and dietary valine and isoleucine supplementation in modified corn-soybean meal diets with corn distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass quality, intestinal health, and cecal microbiome in Cobb 500.","authors":"Doyun Goo, Jihwan Lee, Deependra Paneru, Milan K Sharma, Hamid R Rafieian-Naeini, Fatemeh S Mahdavi, Ishwari Gyawali, Seshidhar R Gudidoddi, Gippeum Han, Woo Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One important feature of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is its high leucine:lysine ratio, which can inhibit chicken growth by causing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) antagonism. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of BCAA imbalance of inclusion of DDGS and whether additional dietary valine and isoleucine could alleviate the negative effects in broilers. A total of 640 0-d-old male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated into 4 treatments with 8 replicates and reared until d 42. The four different dietary groups were as follows: 1) control (CON) group (corn-soybean meal-based diet); 2) 30% DDGS (30D) group (replacing soybean meal with 30% DDGS); 3) 30D + additional valine and isoleucine (30DB) group; and 4) the group of 30DB + additional valine and isoleucine to provide the same leucine:valine and leucine:isoleucine ratios as the CON group (30DBB). The analyzed leucine:lysine ratios of the CON group were 1.36/1.41/1.46 (starter/grower/finisher phase), whereas the average leucine:lysine ratios of the 30% DDGS groups were 1.61/1.70/1.78 (starter/grower/finisher phase). The 30% DDGS groups (30D, 30DB, and 30DBB) negatively affected body weight (BW) from d 7 to 42 and BW gain (BWG), feed intake, carcass weight, breast muscle weight, and jejunal and ileal villus height:crypt depth during the overall period (d 0 to 42) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 30% DDGS groups significantly altered expression levels of jejunal tight junction proteins, breast muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related genes, BCAA catabolism genes, and AA transporters compared to the CON (P < 0.01). The 30% DDGS groups showed differences in beta-diversity indices compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). The 30DBB group showing the lowest d 21 and 42 BW and overall BWG had the largest differences compared to the CON group in most measurements. In conclusion, excessive replacement of soybean meal with DDGS can significantly increase leucine levels, which may negatively affect chicken growth. Additionally, inappropriate ratios of valine and isoleucine can further decrease growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colistin-niclosamide effervescent dry suspension combats colistin-resistant Salmonella in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Junkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Miao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Dandan He ,&nbsp;Yushan Pan ,&nbsp;Li Yuan ,&nbsp;Yajun Zhai ,&nbsp;Gongzheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing incidence of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (<strong>MDR</strong>) Gram-negative bacteria has deepened the need for new effective treatments. It has been reported that niclosamide (<strong>NIC</strong>) can restore the sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria to colistin (<strong>COL</strong>). However, NIC is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents, leading to limited therapeutic applications. This study aims to prepare a COL-NIC effervescent dry suspension (<strong>CNEDS</strong>) and evaluate its antibacterial effect against COL-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> both <em>in vitro</em> and in broiler chickens. With the sedimentation volume ratio as an index, suitable suspending agent, wetting agent, filler and effervescent agent were screened through a single-factor method. The preparation conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface method to obtain the formulation for CNEDS. The quality evaluation results showed that the successfully prepared CNEDS had a sedimentation volume ratio of 0.99, a drying weight loss of 1.3%, and a re-dispersion capability of 1-2 times, all of which met pharmacopoeial requirements. In terms of pharmacological evaluation, we first demonstrated that CNEDS substantially restored COL sensitivity against COL-resistant bacteria<em>.</em> Subsequently, time-killing analysis, scanning electron microscopy (<strong>SEM</strong>) and live/dead assays confirmed the antibacterial activity of CNEDS against COL-resistant bacteria. Finally, a <em>Salmonella</em> infection model in broiler chickens was established to further assess the therapeutic effect of CNEDS <em>in vivo</em>. CNEDS improved the survival rate of broiler chickens, reduced the bacterial burden on organs. These findings suggest that CNEDS effectively overcome COL resistance, indicating its potential for the treatment of COL-resistant bacterial infections in broiler chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"Article 104492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vital role of melatonin in the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity in chick.","authors":"Ting Gao, Chao Song, Zixu Wang, Yaoxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intestinal tract, as the main place for nutrient digestion and absorption, is closely related to the health of livestock and poultry. Melatonin secreted by the pineal gland acts as an endocrine transport signaling molecule to regulate intestinal function. However, the effect on intestinal function after pineal removal is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We raised 24 chicks under 400-700 nm white light with or without pinealectomy for 21 days. We used electron microscopy, HE staining, PAS staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and western blot to detect intestinal physical and to explore the effect of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland on the intestinal mucosa barrier function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that after pineal gland removal, the structure of the intestinal villi is severely damaged. Moreover, there was an obviously down-regulation in the villi length, the number of goblet cells and and its secretion of MUC2 protein, the expression level of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1) and lysozyme secreted by paneth cells, number of PCNA positive cells and macrophage, and an up-regualtion in crypt depth and apoptosis level after pinealectomy, suggesting pinealectomy-mediated melatonin level decrease damaged the intestinal physical, chemical and immune barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide new theoretical support for the future use of melatonin in intestinal development and new ideas about the relationship between endocrine hormone and intestinal physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of lysozyme can improve growth rate, laying performance, blood biochemistry, and mRNA levels of some related genes in different plumage-colored quails.","authors":"Ibrahim Elkhaiat, Seham El-Kassas, Karima El-Naggar, Safaa Abdo, Haitham K Shalaby, Mahmoud M Azzam, Alessandro Di Cerbo, Mahmoud Alagawany, Reyad Y Nofal","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of dietary lysozyme (LZ) supplementation on the growth and laying performance was investigated over 4 weeks of growing and 6 weeks of laying periods in two different plumage color (white and brown-feathered) Japanese quail varieties. For each variety, 240 birds were randomly assigned into four groups with four replicates for each group. The first group (control) was fed a basal non-supplemented diet (BD). Whereas the 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th received the BD supplemented with commercial LZ (CLZ) at 100 mg/kg diet, and natural LZ (NLZ) at 100 and 200 mg/kg diet, respectively. The main findings included significant increases in body weights and gains in the white-feathered quails supplemented with NLZ1 compared to the control and NLZ2. However, there were no significant differences in the case of brown-feathered quails in all LZ supplementations. Moreover, the different dietary LZ lowered FI in both quails with the lowest intake observed in the brown-feathered quails. Accordingly, enhanced FCR was reported in the CLZ groups for both quail varieties and in NLZ1 and NLZ2 for the white-feathered and brown-feathered quails, respectively. In both quail varieties, the NLZ2 significantly lowered serum creatinine and urea and increased albumen and globulin levels compared with other groups. Histologically, the best hepatic histological features were found in both quail' varieties fed the NLZ1-supplemented diet. Accompanying LZ-induced modulations in the expression levels of GHR, IGF-1, leptin, CCK, FAS, and ACC genes in both quail varieties were reported. Besides, both quail varieties in NLZ1& NLZ2 supplementation exhibited significant increases in hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and hatchability percentages along with differences in external and internal egg qualities compared with LZ-free diet or CLZ. Therefore, NLZ could be used as an effective feed supplement to enhance the growth and egg performance of Japanese quail with caution being drawn to the supplementation dose about quail variety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":" ","pages":"104491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active surveillance of avian influenza in the southwestern Poyang Lake area, China: Analyzing changes in wholesale and frozen fresh retail markets post-policy implementation","authors":"Wentao Song ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Deng ,&nbsp;Fenglan He ,&nbsp;Kang Fang ,&nbsp;Lintao Sheng ,&nbsp;Jingwen Wu ,&nbsp;Junling Tu ,&nbsp;Kun Zhou ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Liu Yi ,&nbsp;Kangguo Li ,&nbsp;Buasiyamu Abudunaibi ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Tianmu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to conduct active surveillance of avian influenza in the southwestern Poyang Lake area of China and to analyze the changes in avian influenza prevalence in wholesale poultry markets and frozen fresh retail markets following the implementation of policies regulating frozen fresh poultry products. The type A avian influenza virus nucleic acids were detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), and a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay kit specific for H5/H7/H9 RNA was utilized on the influenza A-positive samples to differentiate among the avian influenza virus subtypes. From October 2020 to June 2024, the positivity rate of the live poultry wholesale market was 59.2 %. The positivity rate of frozen fresh retail markets was 45.4 %. In August 2023, the H9 subtype had the highest positivity rate in both markets. However, after that, the rate of untyped positives began to rise, particularly in the live poultry wholesale market where the positivity rate of the H5 subtype also showed an increasing trend. Implementing a frozen fresh poultry products policy has effectively reduced the avian influenza positivity rate in frozen fresh retail markets over the first two years. However, the positivity rate showed a rebound trend in the last two years. The live poultry wholesale market may be the source of the spread of avian influenza in frozen fresh retail markets, so managing the live poultry wholesale market and surveillance avian influenza should be strengthened. Recent surveillance indicates a significant uptick in the positivity rates of the H5 subtype and untyped strains of avian influenza, underscoring the importance of continued vigilance and strengthened prevention and control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cassava pellets and enzymes addition on growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices and cecum microbiota of broilers","authors":"Dan Yue ,&nbsp;Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Jin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoming He ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Liang ,&nbsp;Weidong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The composition of feed significantly influences the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler chicks, impacting their overall health and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cassava pellets and enzymes supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, and cecal microbial community of broiler chicks. A total of 144 healthy 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly assigned to six dietary groups: basal diet (K1), basal diet + 5 % cassava pellets (K2), basal diet + 10 % cassava pellets (K3), basal diet + 20 % cassava pellets (K4), basal diet + 20 % cassava pellets + 0.3 % tannase (K5), and basal diet + 20 % cassava pellets + 0.3 % tannase + 2500 U/kg α-amylase (K6). At 21 days, growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, and cecal microbial composition were analyzed. Compared to K1, the end weight was significantly higher in the K3 and K5 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); average daily weight gain was significantly higher in the K3 and K6 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); and the feed-to-weight ratio was lower in the K3 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Cecal microbiota analysis revealed that the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla. Alpha diversity showed a significant increase in the Chao index in the K3 group and in the Shannon and Simpson indices in the K6 group compared to the K1 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Beta diversity indicated similar microbial compositions across groups. LEfSe analysis showed increased numbers of specific bacteria in treated groups. Serum analysis revealed significantly higher ALT levels in the K4 group and higher IBIL levels in the K5 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with Bacteroides plebeius and Megamonas positively correlated with ALT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The addition of 10 % cassava pellets to the diet improved the growth performance and meat quality of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age and enhanced the microbial composition, providing valuable insights for optimizing broiler diets and improving economic returns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}