Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"Leverage of lysozyme dietary supplementation on gut health, hematological, antioxidant, and immune parameters in different plumage-colors Japanese quails","authors":"Ibrahim A. Elkhaiat ,&nbsp;Seham El-Kassas ,&nbsp;Safaa E Abdo ,&nbsp;Karima El-Naggar ,&nbsp;Haitham K. Shalaby ,&nbsp;Reyad Y. Nofal ,&nbsp;Mayada R. Farag ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Azzam ,&nbsp;Antonia Lestingi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study was conducted on two different feather-colored Japanese quail varieties (brown and white) to examine the impact of lysozyme (LZ) dietary supplementation on growth performance, hematological profile, serum lysozyme, phagocytic and antioxidant activities, along with the gut status and the relative expression of some antioxidant- and immune-related genes. Two forms of LZ; extracted from egg white (natural LZ (NLZ)), and the commercial LZ (CLZ) were included in this experiment. For each quail variety, 240 birds were randomly allocated into four groups with four replicates per group. The first group (control) ate the basal diet (BD) only. The other groups ate the BD supplemented with commercial lysozyme (CLZ, at 100 mg/kg diet), NLZ at 100 (NLZ1) and 200 (NLZ2) mg/kg diet. Different LZ treatments differentially modulated the quail's growth performance with significant increases in the final body weight of white-feathered quails fed the NLZ1 compared to other treatments. The NLZ2 and CLZ noticeably increased the total antioxidant activity (TA) in the white- and brown-feathered quails, respectively. Also, all LZ groups displayed distinct increases in the serum lysozyme and phagocytic activities. For gut status, both varieties exhibited increases in intestinal villi length and goblet cell count with significant reductions in the total lactobacillus, total coliform, and total bacterial counts. These effects were linked with marked modulations of <em>SOD, CAT, GPX</em>, and<em>IL-1β</em>gene expression levels in both quail varieties. Therefore, the LZ could differentially impact quail growth, immune and antioxidant status as well as gut health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Note: Proteases effect on soybean meal: enzyme product and area of production differences on standardized ileal amino acids digestibility of broiler chickens.","authors":"Hong Liu, Murtala Umar Faruk, Levy Teixeira, André Fávero, Sergio L Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of two protease products added to feeds having two soybean meal (SBM) sources (South and North of Brazil). A total of five hundred and sixty, 21 d male broiler chickens were allocated into 7 dietary treatments: a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) and other six diets prepared with a 40% replacement of the NFD with each SBM source. Two commercial protease products (RONOZYME® ProAct and ProAct 360^TM) were added at 15,000 PROT and 30,000 NFP per kg feed, respectively. After 5-day diet adaptation, all birds were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. Results show that the North SBM sample was inherently higher (P < 0.05) in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) compared to South SBM sample. The DM digestibility and SIAAD of North SBM sample were not different from the un-treated control and protease treatments (P > 0.05, except Val and Ile, which had higher digestibility with ProAct 360). The DM digestibility and SIAAD from South SBM sample were increased (P < 0.05, except Met, Asp and Cys) with both supplemental proteases. Correlation analysis showed that AA digestibility of the two SBM samples were negatively associated with the effect of protease products. These data demonstrated that the SIAAD of SBM was influenced by SBM source with the South SBM sample being lower than that from the North while the protease effects were more evident in the SBM sample from South; responses of ProAct 360 were superior to ProAct. Exogenous proteases can enhance nutritional value of SBM, particularly for those with inherently low amino acid digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal light exposure affects diurnal rhythms and visual development of the layer embryonic retina","authors":"S.Q. Wei ,&nbsp;P. Yin ,&nbsp;W.Y. Tang ,&nbsp;Z.Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;W. Chu ,&nbsp;Q. Tong ,&nbsp;B.M. Li ,&nbsp;W.C. Zheng ,&nbsp;C.Y. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is believed that some wavelengths of light penetrate through eggshell and are perceived by avian embryo, and may consequently affect rhythm establishment and development. This research aimed to explore the influence of prenatal light exposure on the morphological alterations of retinal tissue, the expression of visual developmental signaling systems (TGF-β/Smad pathway), the expression of clock related genes (<em>cClock, cBmal1, cBmal2, cAanat</em>), and melatonin concentration in the chicken embryonic retina. Layer eggs (Jingfen No.6) were subjected to white light (5000K, <strong>WL</strong>) and green light (520 nm/515-525 nm, <strong>GL</strong>) with a 12L:12D photoperiod throughout the entire incubation period, in contrast to no light incubation (<strong>NL</strong>). The results showed that the thickness of retina and each retinal lamina of chicken embryo in WL at E20 was much thicker than that of chicken embryo in GL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrary, the expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad2/3 protein in retina was dramatically downregulated in WL when compared to that in NL and GL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the incubation light simultaneously significantly affected the diurnal rhythms of the chicken embryonic retina. The expression of three clock genes (<em>cBmal1/2, cClock</em>) and <em>cAanat</em> exhibited significant diurnal rhythms in GL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, green light stimulation significantly enhanced melatonin secretion but did not show diurnal rhythm. However, <em>cBmal1, cAanat</em>, and melatonin expression exhibited diurnal rhythms (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while the others did not in WL. In NL, only <em>cBmal1</em> exhibited diurnal rhythmicity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, providing light of different wavelengths during the incubation process of poultry can have varying effects on embryonic visual development and the establishment of diurnal rhythms. WL had an advantage to GL and NL on retina development and diurnal rhythm through significantly influencing the expression of genes related to visual developmental signaling pathways and clock genes. A well-developed retina in WL exposure chicken embryo may be beneficial for establishing a melatonin rhythm. Conversely, the established circadian rhythm could improve embryonic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal and oil on the performance, biochemical profile, intestinal health and gut microbial dynamics in laying hens.","authors":"Samiullah Khan, Xiaoli Shi, Renlian Cai, Zhao Shuai, Wei Mao, Ibrar Muhammad Khan, Ayman A Swelum, Jianjun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of incorporating black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal and oil on laying hens' performance, egg quality, serum profile, intestinal structure, and gut health. A total of 378 Lohmann laying hens (age 48 wk) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 3 replicates of 21 hens each. Following 7 d acclimation, the trail was conducted for 8 weeks. The dietary groups include: basal corn-soybean meal diet (S) without BSF (BSO) oil (S+BSO 0), S with BSF oil (S+BSO 100), BSF meal (9 %) without BSF oil (BSF 9+BSO 0), BSF meal (9 %) with BSF oil (BSF 9+BSO 100), BSF meal (18 %) without BSF oil (BSF 18+BSO 0), and BSF meal (18 %) with BSF oil (BSF 18+BSO 100). The results showed that the BSF 18 + BSO 100 diet significantly reduced egg weight (P < 0.001) compared to other dietary treatments. The addition of BSF meal reduced feed intake (P < 0.001) and the Haugh units (P < 0.05) in hens fed 18 % BSF meal with and without BSO. The jejunum villus area, crypt depth, and intestinal wall thickness increased with the increase in the inclusion of BSF larvae meal (P < 0.001). The ileum villus height, crypt depth and intestinal wall thickness increased (P < 0.001) at 9 % BSF meal and then decreased at 18 % BSF meal with and without BSF oil. The bacteria genera Ruminococcus, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Ruminococcus torques, and Intestinimonas were positively associated with the dietary treatments, while Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Clostridium, and Faecalibacterium were negatively associated with the dietary treatments. The inclusion of BSF meal and oil enriched the functional network of several pathways, including ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism, highlighting the positive effects of BSF larvae meal and oil on the chicken gut microbiota. In conclusion, BSF meal at 9 % with BSF oil and BSF meal at 18 % without BSF oil can be incorporated into the diet without impairing the performance and gut health of laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The proteome and metabolome changes distinguish the effect of dietary energy levels on the development of ovary in chicken during sexual maturity.","authors":"Lingqian Yin, Xinyu Wang, Donghao Zhang, Zhongzhen Lin, Yan Wang, Chunlin Yu, Hang Jie, Feng Xu, Chaowu Yang, Yiping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To deeply understanding the impact of peripheral energy level on the development of ovaries during the sexual maturation of chicken, in this study, the ovaries and serum of sexually mature and immature chickens at the same age from different energy level groups were collected, and the proteome and metabolome were detected. The results of ovarian and serum metabolomics revealed that dietary energy levels affected the energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation of ovary in chicken, including the up-regulated expression of dihydroacetone phosphate and α-linolenic acid in high energy level groups. The results of proteomics showed that peripheral energy levels affected the catecholamine biosynthesis and metabolism in ovary before sexual maturation. The integrating analysis revealed that increased energy flux may influence ovarian development by regulating cholesterol reserves and steroid hormone synthesis in the ovaries. In vitro, the cultivation of chicken primary granulosa cells showed that sterol carrier protein 2 played a role in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism but did not significantly affect progesterone synthesis. Overall, dietary energy levels may be involved in the development of the ovaries during sexual maturation by influencing energy metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroid hormone within the ovaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel IGFBP-2 transcript in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles: mRNA expression, function and effect of reproductive hormones and IGF1","authors":"Longxiao Hu ,&nbsp;Dandan Li ,&nbsp;Qingqing Wei ,&nbsp;Li Kang ,&nbsp;Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Yunliang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (<strong>IGFBP-2</strong>), a binding protein of insulin-like growth factor (<strong>IGF</strong>) system, regulates the activity of IGFs and also influences cellular function with endogenous activity. In mammals, IGFBP-2 is reported to affect ovarian follicle development and steroidogenesis; however, its role in the chicken ovary is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression and function of a novel <em>IGFBP-2</em> transcript and the effect of reproductive hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1 (<strong>IGF1</strong>) on its expression in the ovarian granulosa cells of chicken follicles. The mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> was significantly increased in granulosa cells after follicle selection and was higher in hierarchical granulosa cells (<strong>Post-GCs</strong>) than in pre-hierarchical granulosa cells (<strong>Pre-GCs</strong>). IGFBP-2 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of both Pre-GCs and Post-GCs, enhanced the mRNA expression of genes involved in progesterone (<strong>P4</strong>) synthesis in Pre-GCs. However, in Post-GCs, IGFBP-2 inhibited the mRNA expression of these genes and suppressed P4 secretion. The mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> was inhibited by estradiol (<strong>E2</strong>) and follicle-stimulating hormone (<strong>FSH</strong>), but enhanced by P4 in Pre-GCs. In Post-GCs, FSH and IGF1 stimulated the mRNA expression of <em>IGFBP-2</em> synergistically. Knockdown of <em>IGFBP-2</em> attenuated the stimulatory effect of IGF1 on the mRNA expression of the side chain cleavage enzyme cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (<strong><em>CYP11A1</em></strong>). These findings indicate that IGFBP-2 is regulated by FSH and IGF1, exerts different functions in Pre-GCs and Post-GCs in regulating IGF1 and plays an important role in chicken follicle development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and P4 synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"Article 104501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed potential mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles.","authors":"Xinyue Hu, Yali Liu, Bincheng Tang, Jiwei Hu, Hua He, Hehe Liu, Liang Li, Shenqiang Hu, Jiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pectoral muscle development is an important economic trait. According to the different essence, muscle development can be divided into 2 processes: embryonic muscle fiber generation and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy, and postnatal muscle fiber hypertrophy has a greater impact on muscle development than the number of muscle fibers formed during the embryonic phase in poultry. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles have not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct transcriptome sequencing in pectoral muscles of both Landes (LD) and Sichuan White (SW) geese at 6, 10, and 30 weeks of age to reveal the molecular mechanisms regulating pectoral muscle hypertrophy through intra-breed and inter-breed bioinformatics analyses. Phenotypically, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD and SW geese increased from 6 to 30 weeks of age, and except for the pectoral muscle index at 10 weeks of age (P = 0.962), at the same age, the pectoral muscle weight/index of LD geese were significantly higher than that of SW geese (P < 0.05). In transcriptional regulation, intra-breed bioinformatics analysis identified 3331 genes whose expression levels were opposite to the trend of pectoral muscle hypertrophy both in LD and SW geese, and the 3331 genes were mainly enriched into abundant KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism, proliferation/apoptosis, and immune response. Moreover, 23 genes (including SLC2A10, TNFRSF1A, PRKAA1, SLC27A4, ITGB2, THY1, RHOA, MYL10, ACTB, PRKCB, PIK3R2, RAC2, DMD, LATS2, YAP1, WWTR1, SMAD7, CTGF, FGF1, AXIN2, GLI2, ID2, and CCND2) who were enriched in 6 crosstalk pathways named viral myocarditis, insulin resistance, sphingolipid signaling pathway, hippo signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were identified as the key candidate genes regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles. In inter-breed bioinformatics analysis, abundant different expression genes (DEGs) related to lipid metabolism, immune response, and proliferation/apoptosis were identified between LD and SW geese too, and compared with SW geese, the expression level of MYL10 in LD geese was lower, while the expression levels of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 in LD geese were higher. These results suggested that the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles might be achieved through more lipid deposition and less leukocyte infiltration to promote the proliferation of cells within the muscles, and the low expression of MYL10 and high expressions of GLI2/CTGF/SMAD7 might the keys to induce the pectoral muscle hypertrophy of LD geese from 6 to 30 weeks of age over that of SW geese. All data the present study obtained will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the hypertrophy of goose pectoral muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of age-related changes in reproductive parameters of female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).","authors":"Maryam Taghipour-Shahbandi, Mahdi Zhandi, Zarbakht Ansari-Pirsaraei, Ali Reza Yousefi","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decline in reproductive efficiency during post-peak period of production in poultry species holds significant economic implications. This study aimed to investigate the productive and reproductive performance of Japanese quails across distinct production stages and the association between these parameters and some genes expression and histometric alterations within the reproductive system. A total of 180 quails from a commercial flock were selected at varying egg production stages, including young, mature, and old, with 45 female and 15 male quails allocated to each group. The quails were maintained for six weeks. During recording period, daily records of egg production and egg weight were recorded. Additionally, oviduct histometric and Follicle biometric measurements, along with mRNA transcript abundance assessments related to follicular selection and yolk accumulation, were conducted on the oviduct, ovary, and small yellow follicles at the end of the experimental period. The results revealed a decrease in egg production in the old group compared to the young and mature groups (P < 0.05); meanwhile, the old group had the highest egg weight, and F1 follicle weight (P < 0.05). Additionally, the number of prehierarchical follicles was lower in the mature and old groups compared to the young group (P < 0.05). The lowest oviduct length, primary and secondary fold height, and thickness of the isthmus and magnum were noted in the old group (P < 0.05). Fertility and hatchability were lower in the old group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA transcript abundance of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), was highest in the old group and lowest in the young group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA transcript abundance of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) was higher in the mature group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the young quails had the highest occludin (OCLN) mRNA transcript abundance compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Overall, the study findings indicate decreased production and reproductive performance, as well as reduced hatchling quality over the production period, attributed to a declining number of follicles, noncooperative gene expression related to follicle selection and yolk accumulation, and diminishing oviduct fold size.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"103 12","pages":"104499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transportation increases circulating corticosterone levels and decreases central serotonergic activity in a sex dependent manner in Pekin ducks","authors":"M.M. Bergman,&nbsp;J.M. Schober,&nbsp;R. Novak,&nbsp;A. Grief,&nbsp;C. Plue,&nbsp;G.S. Fraley","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies from our lab suggest that transportation of early adulthood ducks can have long lasting physiological effects. To better understand how transportation affects the ducks’ physiology, we evaluated several central and peripheral parameters. Thirty-six, 23-week-old ducks were collected at a commercial breeder facility and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (<em>n</em> = 6/sex/treatment): 1) caught and euthanized (control), 2) caught and put in a crated in the pen for 90 min (crate), or 3) caught, crated, and transported in a truck for 90 min (transport) to simulate actual transportation. Blood was collected for serum corticosterone and blood smear analyses. Brains were hemisected and each half was dissected into three brain areas: caudal mesencephalon (CM), rostral mesencephalon (RM), and diencephalon (DI). Mass spectrometry was run on the right half of the brain, and gene expression of TPH1, TPH2, TH, CRH, and NPY were measured on the left half of brain using qRT-PCR. Serum corticosterone levels were increased (<em>p</em> = 0.01) in crated hens and in transported hens and drakes (<em>p</em> = 0.0084) when compared to control. HLR was increased (<em>p</em> = 0.035) in crated hens and transported hens and drakes compared to control. No differences in serotonin turnover were observed in drakes but increased in hens within the CM and RM from control to crate (<em>p</em> = 0.01) and crate to transport (<em>p</em> = 0.016). There were no differences in DA turnover or in gene expression for all brain areas for drakes and CM and RM for hens. Within the DI, hens showed a decrease (<em>p</em> = 0.03) in TPH1 for transport compared to crate. Overall, transportation elicits an acutely stressful event that increases corticosterone and HLR in a sex dependent manner where hens appear to be more reactive to the stressor than drakes. Our data supports that when assessing a stress response, care must be given to the sex of the bird and to the relative timepoint of sampling compared to the perceived onset of the stressor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the C5H11ORF96 gene in chickens: cloning, tissue distribution and investigation of its potential function in stress response regulation","authors":"Yiping Wan ,&nbsp;Jiannan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiliang He ,&nbsp;Ningkun Shi ,&nbsp;Yuanyou Li ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Yajun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2024.104500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chicken is an important economic animal that encounter various stressors including high temperature, high stocking density, bacterial infections and transportation, etc. affecting the poultry production with serious economic loss. To be in response to the varied stimulus, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal <strong>(HPA)</strong> axis is activated through the controlling of the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids <strong>(GCs)</strong>. Present study characterized a novel gene <em>C5H11ORF96</em>, that demonstrated significant upregulation after the DEX injection in chicken, which simulates the stress stimulus. Our results showed that: (1) <em>cC5H11ORF96</em> cDNA encodes a 120 amino acids protein, which shares high sequence identity with that of birds, mammals, reptiles, frogs and fish; (2) <em>cC5H11ORF96</em> has a fully conserved RFKTQP motif and high proportion of serine, indicating its multiple potential phosphorylation sites; (3) <em>cC5H11ORF96</em> is widely expressed in various chicken tissues, with high expression levels in the parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pituitary; (4) glucocorticoids <strong>(GCs)</strong> and stress significantly upregulate <em>C5H11ORF96</em> mRNA and protein expression in the chicken pituitary and hypothalamus, suggesting its involvement in regulating stress response by influencing the negative feedback of GCs on the HPA axis in chickens. The characterization of the <em>C5H11ORF96</em> gene in the chicken stress response provides potential targets for stress adaptability and poultry production. Meanwhile, our finding provides essential insights into the physiological functions of <em>C11ORF96</em> gene in vertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 104500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}