Poultry Science最新文献

{"title":"A chicken microRNA expressing LaSota targets Newcastle disease virus phosphoprotein and impacts interferon expression.","authors":"Abhijeet Bakre, Timothy R Satterlee, Megan C Mears","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newcastle disease (ND), a major cause of economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide, is caused by outbreaks of virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1(APMV-1) virus. We previously demonstrated that chicken miRNA-27b-5p (gga-miR-27b-5p) can regulate the APMV-1 phosphoprotein (P) and alter viral replication. In this study, the LaSota vaccine strain of APMV-1 was used as a backbone to express the chicken pre-miRNA-27b and expected to increase intra-cellular levels of both gga-miR-27b-5p and gga-miR-27b-3p. This novel recombinant virus, rLS-miR-27b, was rescued, propagated in embryonating chicken eggs (ECEs) and did not exhibit toxicity in ECEs. Expression of both gga-miR-27b-5p and gga-miR-27b-3p was increased significantly relative to controls. An inverse correlation was observed between increased expression of gga-miR-27b-5p and reduced APMV-1 P transcripts. Additionally, increased expression of interferons (alpha, beta and lambda) and interferon stimulated gene MX1 was observed. Suppression of P did not alter the P:V ratio in rLS-27b virus infected cells. These data support the observation that miR-27b-5p expression alters viral transcriptional kinetics in cell culture without affecting overall progeny virus yield in ECEs and could be utilized to improve current APMV-1 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13681985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palm kernel cake and decanter cake as broiler feed ingredients: Effects on immunity, gut microbiota, antioxidant gene expression and plasma lipid profile.","authors":"Mohammad Naeem Azizi, Teck Chwen Loh, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Muhamad Faris Ab Aziz, Hooi Ling Foo","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the impact of feeding broilers diets containing blended palm kernel cake (PKC) and decanter cake (DC) on immune response, cecal microbiota, antioxidant gene expression, and plasma lipid profile in broiler chickens. A total of 1,260 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were reared for 35 days in a completely randomized design (CRD). Birds were assigned to 18 dietary treatments, with seven replicates of 10 birds per treatment. These treatments comprised a basal negative control, single-ingredient positive controls (5% PKC or DC), and PKC:DC combinations at 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 ratios with inclusion levels of 2-10%. Dietary supplementation with PKC and DC blends significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, particularly at low to moderate inclusion levels, while higher levels showed no additional benefits (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments did not influence (p > 0.05) the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), or interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was upregulated (p < 0.05) in selected PKC and PKC-DC blend treatments. Cecal Lactobacillus populations significantly increased (p < 0.05) with dietary inclusion of PKC and DC, especially in PKC-rich diets. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) expression was elevated (p < 0.05) in birds receiving higher levels of PKC-DC blends. Plasma lipid parameters, including triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC), remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Overall, moderate inclusion levels of PKC and DC blends improved IL-10 expression, cecal Lactobacillus populations, and GPX1 gene expression without altering the measured plasma lipid concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spinach and Labada leaf powders with or without NSP-degrading enzymes on performance, egg quality, and yolk pigmentation in late-phase laying hens.","authors":"Yonis Saab Najim, Saif Ali Khashan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Yusuf Konca","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Labada (Rumex patientia) leaf powders, with or without a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading enzyme blend, on productive performance, egg quality, yolk pigmentation, and serum biochemical profile of late-phase laying hens. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens (86 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement: control, spinach (0.1%), or Labada (0.1%), each with or without enzyme supplementation, for 84 days. Dietary supplementation with spinach and Labada significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio, hen-day egg production, and egg mass compared with the control diet, while body weight and overall feed intake remained unaffected. Plant supplementation also increased eggshell surface area and markedly enhanced yolk pigmentation, as evidenced by higher Roche color scores and yolk yellowness (b*), with spinach producing the greatest pigmentation response. Enzyme supplementation improved feed conversion ratio during the later stage of the experiment and enhanced albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk yellowness, and sharp-end shell thickness. Most eggshell quality traits and serum biochemical indices, including calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, ALT, and ALP, were unaffected by dietary treatments. However, enzyme supplementation significantly reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, while a significant plant × enzyme interaction was observed for serum triglycerides. Overall, supplementation with spinach or Labada leaf powder effectively improved productive performance and yolk pigmentation without adversely affecting bird health, whereas enzyme supplementation primarily enhanced selected egg quality traits and reduced serum AST activity. These findings indicate that spinach and Labada represent promising natural alternatives to synthetic yolk pigments in diets for late-phase laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of methods for measuring standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids for different sorghum varieties in broilers.","authors":"Huajin Zhou, Guilan Xu, Tahir Mahmood, Yves Mercier, Jianmin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of two evaluation methods (direct vs. substitution) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SID_AA) and intestinal digestive physiology in broilers fed sorghum from six regional sources. There were 336 27-d-old Cobb broilers assigned to 14 treatments, including a nitrogen-free diet (NFD), a corn-soybean meal (CSM) basal diet, and 12 experimental diets arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement. In the direct method, sorghum served as the only source of dietary amino acids whereas in substitution method the test sorghum replaced 40% (w/w) of the basal diet. The six sorghums were Yingkou (YK), Chifeng (CF), Yangzhou (YZ), Liaoning (LN), Zhangjiakou (ZJK) from China, and one from the United States (US). The digestibility trial was conducted from 27 to 29 d of age. The substitution method improved jejunal villus height and crypt depth, α-amylase and chymotrypsin activities, compared with the direct method (P < 0.05). YK sorghum with higher tannin contents reduced villus height, crypt depth, and chymotrypsin activity but increased ileal Occludin and ZO‑1 expression (P < 0.05). However, US, YZ, CF, and LN sorghum with lower tannin contents improved broiler digestive physiology. Broilers fed US exhibited the highest weight gain, and those fed LN showed the greatest villus height, crypt depth, and chymotrypsin activity (P < 0.05). Significant sorghum source × evaluation method interactions were observed for the AID_AA and SID_AA of all evaluated amino acids (P < 0.001), with more extensive method-related differences observed in YK and ZJK sorghum than in LN and US sorghum. Sorghum-based diets altered ileal microbiota, reducing Lactobacillus abundance and increasing Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Enterococcus (P < 0.05). The direct method increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Turicibacter and Brachybacterium, whereas the substitution method produced a microbial composition similar to the basal diet. In conclusion, LN and US sorghum showed favorable AA digestibility, and the substitution method generally yielded higher AID_AA and SID_AA values and more favorable short-term responses in digestive enzyme activity and ileal microbial profiles than the direct method. The method-related differences in high-tannin sorghum highlight the importance of considering anti-nutritional factor content when selecting a method for evaluating AA digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding dried cauliflower waste as a valorization method in the circular bio-economy model for broilers: effects on the performance, carcass traits and economics.","authors":"Theerthesh Mahesh, Ashvini Pundalik Bansod, Subodh Kumar Saha, Avishek Biswas, Gautham Kolluri, Rajeshwar Khandare, Trishna Das","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was conducted to evaluate cauliflower waste meal (CWM) as an alternative feed resource for broiler production. For the experiment, 240 day-old, straight-run broiler chicks were randomly distributed into six groups, with five replicates per group, as follows: T1-control diet (without CWM), while groups T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 were fed diets containing CWM at 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 g/kg, respectively. The chicks were reared under intensive conditions in experimental cages according to standard management protocols for six weeks. The results revealed that body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutrient digestibility of birds fed diets containing different levels of CWM were comparable among all groups. However, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), and crude fibre (CF) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the CWM-fed groups. The overall mortality rate was 3.75%. Haematological parameters, blood biochemical profiles, and carcass characteristics of the experimental groups were comparable. However, serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the T6 group. Gizzard weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CWM-fed birds. The chemical composition, pH, extract release volume (ERV), water-holding capacity (WHC), and overall acceptability of meat were not affected by CWM feeding. The total phenolic content was significantly increased and TBARS values of meat from birds in the T3, T4, T5, and T6 groups were significantly lowered. The cost of feed decreased linearly with increasing levels of CWM inclusion and was lowest in birds fed 125 and 150 g/kg CWM. Therefore, it is concluded that CWM can be included in broiler diets at upto 150 g/kg and may provide an effective approach for converting vegetable waste into a valuable feed resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13682001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net energy value of thirteen ingredients for broilers.","authors":"A C Tay-Zar, M Wongphatcharachai, P Srichana, P A Geraert, J Noblet","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The energy values of 13 raw ingredients (corn, wheat, paddy rice, broken rice, cassava pellet, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal, and palm kernel oil) were measured in broilers using a multiple regression method involving 23 diets. The inclusion levels of ingredients were variable and as independent as possible. Ross 308 male broilers were fed the 23 diets from 18 to 23 days of age in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers (4 birds/chamber), with a minimum of eight replicates per diet. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) or for 60% nitrogen retention (AMEs) of diets, and heat production of the birds were measured, and diet net energy (NE) values were calculated. As expected, palm kernel oil showed the highest AME value. Among the cereals, the AME value (kcal/kg DM) was numerically higher for broken rice (4090) than for corn (3850) or wheat (3690). The AME values were lowest for the fiber- and protein-rich ingredients. The difference between AMEn and AME was 2 to 5% for most ingredients, but it was higher for high-protein ingredients such as animal protein, soybean meal, and canola meal (10 to 14%). The AMEs values were close (within ±3%) to the measured AME values. The AME efficiency for NE (NE/AME) varied from 55 to 60% for the fiber-rich canola meal and wheat bran to 86% for palm kernel oil; it averaged 79% for cereals and ranged from 70 to 80% for the other ingredients, according to their chemical composition. The ranking of ingredients differed among the AME (and AMEs), AMEn, and NE evaluation systems, which justifies the interest in moving to a NE system for poultry feeds. Finally, the measured NE values of the present study were consistent with those obtained from published NE prediction equations for most ingredients, validating the use of equations established on diets for predicting the NE content of ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary net energy, crude protein, and standardized ileal digestible lysine on growth performance, nitrogen utilization, and hepatic metabolism in 22-35 day-old broilers.","authors":"Yao Yu, Caiwei Luo, Tahir Mahmood, Li Chen, Yves Mercier, Jianmin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary net energy (NE), crude protein (CP), and standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) densities on growth performance, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), and hepatic amino acid (AA) metabolism in male broilers from 22 to 35 days. A total of 936 Cobb 500 male broilers were assigned to 13 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 12 birds using a Box-Behnken design. The design comprised three dietary NE levels (2200, 2290, and 2380 kcal/kg), three CP levels (18%, 19.5%, and 21%), and three SID Lys levels (1.08%, 1.14%, and 1.20%). The data showed that reducing dietary CP from 21% to 18% did not significantly affect body weight gain (BWG) but did significantly improve NRE (P < 0.05). Dietary CP reduction significantly down-regulated hepatic LKR and BCKDHa mRNA expression and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites, while upregulating glycolysis-related enzymes. Increasing NE did not affect BWG but improved NRE (P < 0.05). High energy levels significantly down-regulated hepatic AMP and TCA cycle-related metabolites, while up-regulating mTOR and S6K1 mRNA expression in breast muscle. BWG responded linearly to increasing SID Lys levels (P < 0.05). However, dietary SID Lys levels showed a quadratic effect for NRE with an estimated optimal SID Lys level of 1.146% for maximum NRE. Increasing dietary SID Lys first increased, then reduced mTOR and S6K1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Our results revealed that reducing dietary CP from 21% to 18% did not compromise growth performance. A dietary combination of 1.20% SID Lys and 2380 kcal/kg NE (NE/SID Lys ratio of 198.3 kcal/g) appeared favorable for growth performance. For optimal nitrogen retention efficiency, a moderate SID Lys level of 1.146% with a SID Lys/CP ratio of 0.063 is recommended. These findings suggest that a low-CP diet can be effectively formulated by appropriately increasing SID Lys levels and maintaining adequate dietary energy, thereby achieving protein-sparing effects without sacrificing broiler growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 12","pages":"107867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical model and parameter optimization of embryo eggshell perforation under impact.","authors":"Xin Wang, Mingyan Zhao, Chenyu Chen, Haoke Chen, Mingxuan Liang, Chuan He, Duo Fu, Xiaojing Zhu, Huiming Sun, Cheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior to in-ovo vaccination, the eggshell must be perforated at the air cell region; however, inappropriate perforation parameters can easily cause hole-shape deformation, crack propagation, and shell membrane damage, thereby affecting hatching safety. To obtain low-damage perforation parameters, this study independently designed an impact perforation experimental device for embryo eggs, established a Pogorelov-Griffith bending-fracture coupled model, and optimized punch diameter D, impact velocity V, and impact force F by combining single-factor experiments, three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments, and GA-BP neural network optimization. The mechanical damage score S, constructed from the hole-shape deviation index DI and crack length CL, was used as the primary evaluation indicator, and the effects of the optimized parameters on hatch-of-viable, late embryonic mortality, visible contamination rate, methylene blue penetration, and shell membrane damage were further evaluated through simulated in-ovo manipulation experiments. The results showed that the effects of D, V, and F on S followed the order of \"D > V > F\". An increase in punch diameter significantly aggravated hole-shape deformation and crack propagation; impact velocity exhibited an optimal window within the range of 2.2-2.3 m/s; and results of impact force tended to stabilize near 1.5-1.6 N. The GA-BP model showed good predictive ability for S, with an overall R² of 0.91 and an RMSE of 0.02. Based on the combined results of mechanical optimization and biological validation, the recommended parameters were D = 2.0 mm, V = 2.25 m/s, and F = 1.6 N. This parameter group had the lowest S, milder dye penetration and shell membrane damage, a lower visible contamination rate, and the highest hatch-of-viable among the perforation-treated groups. This study indicates that S can serve as a mechanical evaluation indicator for screening low-damage perforation parameters, and the recommended parameter window can provide experimental evidence for optimizing eggshell perforation in in-ovo vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 10","pages":"107394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of fenugreek-milk thistle-ginkgo and thyme-cinnamon-oregano feed additives on physicochemical and oxidative stability profiles of broiler meat.","authors":"Xiaofeng Zhang, Guangjie Chen, Chenglin Jin, Xibin Zhang, Yanbing Zhao, Hu Zhang, Jiecheng Zhang, Xiaoyu Song, Xiaomei Luan, Peng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chicken breast meat is susceptible to lipid and protein oxidation during post-mortem processing and storage, which adversely affects its physicochemical properties, nutritional value, and market acceptability. Most existing research has concentrated on single-component plant extracts as feed additives, whereas the combined effects of multi-plant additives remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the effects of two composite plant-derived feed additives (Group A: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Silybum marianum, and Ginkgo biloba; Group K: Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum verum, and Origanum vulgare) and their combined supplementation (Group A+K) on the quality and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat, with particular emphasis on myofibrillar protein (MP) structure and water dynamics. A total of 32,000 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were assigned to four dietary treatments (control, A, K, and A+K) and fed for 35 d. The analyzed indicators included shear force, texture profile, water-holding capacity (WHC), MP secondary structure, oxidative markers (carbonyl and thiol contents), surface hydrophobicity, solubility, particle size, and water distribution. Group A showed the greatest tenderization response, with an approximately 50% reduction in shear force compared with the control (P < 0.05). The A+K group showed enhanced combined responses, including a 9% increase in WHC and an 8.02% decrease in carbonyl content compared with the control (P < 0.05). All treatment groups exhibited an increased MP alpha-helix proportion, reduced surface hydrophobicity and particle size, and improved solubility (P < 0.05). The A+K group also improved adhesiveness and cohesiveness. LF-NMR analysis indicated that the dietary treatments promoted a shift from free water toward immobilized water, which was associated with improved WHC. Overall, these composite plant-derived additives, especially the A+K combination, may regulate broiler meat quality through multiple targets by attenuating protein oxidation, maintaining MP structural stability, and optimizing water distribution. These findings provide a practical basis for developing plant-derived feed formulations for high-quality and oxidatively stable broiler meat.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 10","pages":"107396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel expression and localization of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) and selected angiogenesis-related factors in the oviduct of laying and non-laying hens.","authors":"Marta H Machura, Karolina Frydrych, Andrzej Sechman, Anna Hrabia","doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psj.2026.107404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Egg formation and oviposition in hens depend on a network of blood vessels that supply the oviduct with all the essential molecules. This network develops during angiogenesis, a process involving many regulators, including hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system, and the angiopoietin (ANGPT) system. Given the lack of information on HIF1α and angiogenesis in the avian oviduct, this study examined the expression of HIF1α, VEGFA and its receptors, ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 and their receptor mRNA transcript and protein abundances, as well as protein localization in the oviduct of laying and non-laying hens. A pause in laying was induced by fasting for five consecutive days. On day 6 of the experiment, tissues were harvested from control hens and hens that had been fasted. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed changes in the expression of the examined factors between the distinct segments of the oviduct. In laying hens, the mRNA expression of genes related to angiogenesis was highest in the infundibulum, shell gland, and vagina and lowest in the magnum. In fasted hens, partial oviductal regression was accompanied by a decrease in mass, thinner epithelium, and degenerating tubular glands. Fasting also affected gene expression in oviductal parts, with the most pronounced upregulation occurring in the isthmus and vagina. The presence of both the unmodified and modified forms of HIF1α was detected, with higher abundances of the modified form observed in fasted hens. Immunoreactivity for HIF1α and VEGFA proteins was observed in all tissues of the oviductal wall, with strong immunopositive signals for HIF1α in the muscles and for VEGFA in the luminal epithelium and blood vessels. In the oviduct of fasted hens, immunoreactivity for HIF1α and VEGFA proteins was relatively stronger than in the oviduct of control hens. The results indicated that HIF1α and other factors associated with angiogenesis might play a role in regulating oviductal vascularization in hens, under both physiological conditions and fasting-induced regression. Furthermore, our findings provide novel insights into the involvement of HIF1α and angiogenesis-related factors in the function and remodeling of the avian oviduct.</p>","PeriodicalId":20459,"journal":{"name":"Poultry Science","volume":"105 10","pages":"107404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}