Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of Aqueous Ginger Extract And Exercise On Insulin Resistance in Fructose Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats Through Upregulation of Serum Sirtuin-1","authors":"None Seher Naeem, Muniza Saeed, Jawaria Ilyas, Asma Ashraf, Madiha Akram, Ruqayyah Nazir","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.409","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:The mounting prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in developing countries calls for an immediate need to find novel treatment strategies that not only target its underlying pathological process but are also safe and cost effective. Aims &amp;Objectives:To determine the effect of ginger supplementation, exercise and their combination on insulin resistance (IR) and levels of serum sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in fructose induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Material &amp;Methods:This randomized controlled trial was conducted at animal laboratory of Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2021 to June 2021, in which thirty rats were randomly allocated to five groups with six rats in each.Rats belonging to group1 (Normal Control) were given normal rat chow diet. Diabetes was induced in groups 2, 3 and 4 by administering 25% fructose diet, following which, group 2 was reserved as diabetic/positive control (PC) and continued to receive 25 %fructose diet only. Animals of group 3 received aqueous ginger extract (GE), group 4 underwent swimming exercise (EX) and group 5 received their combination (GE+EX) for 8 weeks. Aqueous ginger extract was prepared in the Pharmacology lab at PGMI where 50 gm of fresh ginger was blended with 75ml of 0.9% NaCl and filtered thrice. The obtained filtrate was centrifuged at a speed of 2000 rpm for ten minutes. The clear supernatant fraction was made to reach 100 ml mark using NaCl resulting in a concentration of 500 mg/ml which was used for oral administration. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant. Results:The results of the current study showed development of T2DM with 25% fructose supplementation in PC group, resulting in significantly high level of IR along with a significant reduction in levels of serum SIRT1. Aqueousginger extract group as well as the exercise group, both individually showed a significant reduction in IR as compared to the diabetic group and this was associated with significantly increased level of serum SIRT1 (p<0.05). However, most pronounced effect was seen in the combination group having lowest level of IR associated with a statistically significant increase in SIRT1 levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Aqueousginger extract supplementation and exercise training, alone and in combination have the potential to significantly ameliorate IR in T2DM through its positive influence on serum SIRT1.However, the combination group has the most pronounced effect reflecting a potential synergistic effect of both interventions. Ginger supplementation and exercise may be introduced as safer, cost effective and natural adjunct to anti diabetic drugs hence lowering their potentially harmful side effects.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"60 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Trends and Spectrum of Pediatric Surgical Conditions Operated In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Pakistan","authors":"None Noor Ul Sabah Butt, None Mudassar Fiaz Gondal, None Jawad Abbasi, None Sajeel Saeed, None Omer Fraz, None Faizan Fazal","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.407","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Knowing the temporal trends as to when and how many pediatric surgery patients present and are operated on in a newly developed unit is crucial in the allocation of resources and policy making in health care center. Aims &amp; Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the spectrum and pattern of operated pediatric surgery patients in a newly developed pediatric surgical unit of Pakistan. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Pardiatric Surgery Unit of Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi between January 2020 and September 2021. Material &amp; Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on all patients that were operated under Pediatric surgery unit over a period of 20-months. Data regarding age, sex, diagnosis, and procedure performed were obtained. Diagnoses were categorized based on organ system. SPSS version 22 was used to perform the data analysis., a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant. Results:898 procedures were performed in total with a male to female ratio of 2.03:1. Most of the patients fell under 2-8 years of age. Digestive system disorders (164, 18.3%) and genitourinary (377, 42%) made most of the cases observed, with inguinal hernias making up to 15.0% of all cases. Oddsratio was calculated for different variables which showed that male patients , patients with gastrointestinal problems had greater odds of being operated. Conclusion: The expected number of operated cases in a newly developed unit is comparable to other units that have been established for a long time.More focus research needs to be done on different aspects of pediatric surgery in our region and to try for integration of pediatric surgery into public health programs including primary and secondary health centers to meet the increasing demand of pediatric surgical patients presented to tertiary care.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"11 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound For Confirmation Of Endotracheal Tube Placement Taking Capnography As A Gold Standard","authors":"None Riffat Saeed, None Mahrukh Hamza, None Tariq Bangash, None Amer Latif, None Tooba Ammar, None Irfan Ali Kakepotto","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.436","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Accurate placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is critical for patient safety during medical procedures. The research explores the potential of ultrasound technology to provide a reliable alternative for ETT confirmation, offering insights into its diagnostic performance and the implications for enhancing patient care in surgical settings.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the confirmation of endotracheal tube keeping Capnography as a Gold standard.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: It is a Cross Sectional study and the study was carried out in Operation Theater Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, within 6 months after approval of synopsis i.e. from 5th May, 2020 till 4th November, 2021.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods:Total 219 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. After standardization of anesthetic measures all patients were intubated by direct laryngoscopy. ETT placement was assessed by capnometry and by ultrasonography. Endotracheal tube placement was labeled (as per operational definition) on both the techniques.The analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS version 21.0, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: The mean age, BMI, neck circumference and thyromental distance of the patients was 39±8.15 years, 27±3.42 Kg/m 2, 29.5±4.63cm and 6.9±0.50cm. There were 58% males and 42% females in the study. Ultrasonography exhibited sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy rates of 98.5%, 90.6%, 98.9%, 86.1%, and 97.7%, respectively, in its ability to detect the accurate placement of endotracheal tubes (ETT).&#x0D; Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and promptness of recognition for confirmation of tracheal placement of ETT is higher withultrasonography compared to the gold standardcapnography in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"7 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends Of Respiratory Viral Infections in Punjab Pakistan In The Post COVID-19 Period","authors":"None Hajra Farooq, None Waheed Uz Zaman Tariq, None Omar Rasheed Chughtai, None Bushra Iqbal","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.433","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Respiratory infections caused by viruses are becoming a global concern, especially in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to massive impact of COVID-19 in the past 3 years globally, other viruses causing respiratory illnesses have largely been ignored. But as the COVID-19 pandemic declined, changing trends were seen in the pattern of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: To study the trends of respiratory viral infections in Pakistan in the winter of 2022/2023 after the decline of Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: A total of 454 samples were evaluated for viral pathogens (Influenza A, Influenza B and Respiratory syncytial virus) by running them on Multiplex Polymerase chain reaction. We received 373 samples from Lahore,46 from Multan,24 from Islamabad,6 from Rawalpindi,4 from Okara and 1 from Sheikhupura. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of Influenza A virus was 26.4% (120/454 cases), followed by RSV which showed the prevalence of 10% (46/454 cases) whereas Influenza B showed a prevalence of 6%(27/454cases).&#x0D; Conclusion: Influenza A and RSV incidence has surged in the year 2022/2023 which is the post Covid -19 period. There is an increased incidence of Influenza A in the elderly population whereas RSV in children.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"11 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Among Medical Students Of Lahore and Their Correlation with Obesity","authors":"None Anusha Akram, None Muhammad Qasim, None Noor Shahid, None Tahseen Kazmi, None Saira Farhat","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.437","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An adequate amount of good-quality sleep is essential for optimal physical and mental health. Sleep disorders affecting sleep duration and quality result in several clinical conditions, including stress and obesity. Medical students are prone to sleep related disorders due to highly stressful academic demands and clinical practices.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students of Lahore and their correlation with overweight and obesity.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The participants were medical students from Central Park Medical College and Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. Duration of study was from 8th August 2022 to 24th October 2022.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: Data was obtained from 424 participants, by using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the symptoms of five sleep disorders as well as the participants' height and weight .For data analysis SPSS version 26 was used, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: This research demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between insufficient sleep and increased BMI, leading to overweight and obesity. However, sleep disorders causing reduced sleep quality did not have a significant impact on BMI.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to this study, sleep disturbances are quite common among medical students of Lahore and higher BMI is associated with insomnia.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"15 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Student Engagement Questionnaire","authors":"Iram Imran, None Rehan Ahmed Khan, None Kinza Aslam","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.389","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medical students drop out rate in Pakistan is very high. In our country, only 84% of students graduate, which is significantly lower than the average for developing nations. Class engagement, has been identified as a solution to the failures, dropouts and motivational lacking of students. Being multifaceted construct, the problems of defining engagement have also led to inconsistencies in measurements too. Most of the previous student engagement questionnaires had lack of information regarding their reliability and validity, transparency and auditability. They were long and complex to understand and only measures the behavioral and social engagement. So there is a need to develop questionnaires that is short, freely available and can easily be understood by all stakeholders involved in teaching and learning. Aims &amp; Objectives: To develop a questionnaire to assess the engagement of undergraduate medical students during classroom activities. Place and Duration of Study: This was mixed method study, conducted at the University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore between November 2022 &amp;May 2023under the guidelines of AMEE Guide 87. Material &amp; Methods: After receiving consent, the first draft of the questionnaire was distributed to 14 clinical and basic science subject experts, as well as medical educators, for qualitative and content validation. To determine the response process and to address any misunderstandings regarding the significance of questionnaire items, cognitive interviews with six students were conducted. Responses from 210 undergraduate medical and dentistry students were used to gauge reliability. SPSS version 23 was used to evaluate the questionnaires, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant For the scale, an internal consistency of between 0.50 and 0.70 according to Cronbach's alpha was deemed sufficient Results: There were 14 experts who gave qualitative expert validation. The initial student engagement questionnaire contained 49 items to measure 5 theoretical constructs, and were modified to make them more comprehensible and applicable. The questionnaire’s overall scale validity index was 0.84. After the cognitive interviews, there were just twenty items left. Content validation was finished in two rounds with 20 final items, yielding acceptable values of SI- CVI 0.83 &amp; CCA 2.8. After the questionnaire had undergone pilot testing, 210 students filled it out, and the reliability of the survey was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, which came out to be 0.721. Conclusion: Medical colleges can use this valid and reliable student engagement questionnaire to assess students' emotional, behavioral, and cognitive involvement in class.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"56 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Iron Status and Its Complications in Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"None Shafaq Ismail, None Shaiza Ijaz, None Spenta Kakalia, None Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry, None Menahil Mukhtar, None Laiba Fayyaz","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.438","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thalassemia is a genetic condition and is one of the commonest single-gene hereditary disorders. As it is among a group of hemoglobinopathies, it consists of a decrease in either alpha or beta globin chain synthesis. This eventually leads to the inappropriate ratio of alpha or beta globin chains causing ineffective erythropoiesis. Ineffective erythropoiesis thus causes chronic anemia and haemopoietic expansion to compensate for it.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the serum ferritin levels of patients with beta thalassemia major presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan and study the complications that occur with an abnormal iron load.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted at CMH Hospital, Lahore, and completed over a period of one and a half year, from June 2021 to January 2023.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample size of 32 was calculated using Raosoft calculator, with 90% Confidence Interval, 9% margin of error and 10.5% response distribution.Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire that compromised of 4 parts, demographics and socio-economic background of patient and caretakers; medical history and anthropometric measurement of the patient; details regarding serum ferritin levels and chelation; and lastly, laboratory (for example, TSH, T4, HbA1c and ALT for all patients, as well as FSH and LH for only those patients greater than 10 years of age), ultrasound, and cardiac echocardiography findings.Collected data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 24. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant.&#x0D; Results: In this study, thirty-two patients with beta thalassemia major were included with mean age of 7.79 ± 4.57 years. Mean serum ferritin was 3410±2629µg/l and lack of compliance to chelation had significant association with serum ferritin values (p=0.05). Serum ALT levels showed that hepatic dysfunction was the most common endocrine complication in 17 (53.1%) patients. There was a significant association between compliance and echocardiography findings (p=0.04). No significant association of compliance was found with ultrasound findings, serum TSH and T4 levels, serum ALT levels and serum FSH and LH levels.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concluded that high ferritin levels ultimately lead to significant complications.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Of Burnout with Screen Time In Under Graduate Medical Students","authors":"None Khurram Irshad, None Fahad Azam, None Ifra Ashraf, None Abida Shaheen, None Nosheen Kazmi, None Arsalan Ahmed, None Danish Iltaf Satti, None Adil Baloch","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.435","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burnout, in the context of medical education, is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, often accompanied by a diminished sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout may adversely affect the well-being and motivation of medical students consequently resulting in compromised academic performance.&#x0D; Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to explore the correlation of screen time with burnout and its subtypes including overload, neglect and lack of development.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa College of Medicine from September 2019-February 2021.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: The present study included a total of 284 students from the first year to the final year using convenience purposive sampling. The students who provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study.These participants completed a structured questionnaire, which included various demographic variables and information regarding students' screen time, specifically for academic purposes and leisure activities. To evaluate burnout, the study utilized the \"Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire\" (BCSQ), which has been adapted for student use (BCSQ-12- SS).The data was entered &amp; analyzed using SPSS version 23, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of participants of the study was 20.56±1.73 years. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation of neglect, lack of development and total burnout score with screen time for non-educational purposes in medical students with a p-value of 0.022, 0.009 and 0.009 respectively. Screen time for educational purposes hada significant correlation with the overload domain of burnout; r=0.157 (p=0.039). Students with self-perception of bad health had a significant correlation of screen time for non-educational purposes with total burnout score; r=0.234(p=0.04). Scores of total burnout and subtypes of overload, neglect and lack of development were significantly lower in students with self-perception of good health.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study reveals a significant correlation between screen time among medical students and burnout, highlighting the potential impact on both physical and mental health.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"32 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentation Of Post Cholecystectomy Bile Duct Injuries In A Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Qaiser Naveed Haral, Ammad Ud Din Nasir, Arslan Hamid, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Rashid Zahid Ali, Arwah Mansoor, Hassan Mumtaz","doi":"10.47489/szmc.v37i4.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47489/szmc.v37i4.309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:The occurrence of iatrogenic bile duct injuries is few, however potentially linked to life-threatening complications, particularly following the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aims &amp;Objectives: To evaluate the presentation of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries in a tertiary care hospital. Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in the Department of General Surgery at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Nov 2020 to Dec 2021. Material &amp;Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 subjects with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries.All the patients who presented to the emergency department and outdoor were included in the study and had post-cholecystectomy CBD injuries. Laparoscopic and open BDI were classified according to Strasberg classification. In descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation was used, and in qualitative analysis, frequency and percentages were calculated with the help of the SPSS 23 version, a p-value of? 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In our study, 5 (33.3 %) males and 10 (66.7 %) were females, with a mean age of 47.27 ± 4.79. The presentation on the admission of patients was as follows, 3 (20.0 %) patients had biloma, 4 (26.7 %) had jaundice, 2 (13.3 %) had abdominal pain, 1 (6.7 %) had external biliary fistula, 3 (20.0 %) had Biliary peritonitis and 2 (13.3 %) had a fever. Conclusion: The most common consequence of cholecystectomy was complete resolution, but bile leak and major duct damage cause considerable morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Better outcome was achieved when a nonprimary and skilled hepatobiliary surgeon repaired severe bile duct damage.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Algorithm of Die Filter for PFA Sampling","authors":"Yougui Liao, Marsela Pontoh, Tyler Lenzi","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0253","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of this project is to develop an automated algorithm of die filter to minimize the number of dies for PFA engineers to review and to confirm before PFA submission. This can reduce the workload of PFA engineers so that the PFA engineers can focus their investigations on few wafers and dies and thus the PFA job submission can be more efficient and accurate. The number, type, and location of dies for PFA sampling can be automatically given by following the rules set by PFA engineers.","PeriodicalId":20443,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings","volume":"100 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}