Preventive Nutrition and Food Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Starch Type and Concentration on the Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Bacchus^Ⓡ-Incorporated Gwapyeon.","authors":"Yeon-Woo Kim, Jisu Lee, Jiaxiang Zheng, Caglar Doguer, Hyun-Joo Lee, Miae Doo, Jung-Heun Ha","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.027","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2026.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacchus^Ⓡ-incorporated <i>gwapyeon</i> was formulated as a functional starch-based gel confectionery to evaluate the effects of starch type and concentration on its physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, texture, and consumer preference. Three starch types (corn, mung bean, and potato) were applied at three concentration levels (9%－11% for corn and potato starch; 7%－9% for mung bean) under identical processing conditions. Physicochemical characteristics were primarily dependent on the starch type. Mung bean starch formulations exhibited lower pH and higher soluble solid contents; corn starch formulations showed relatively higher pH and lower Brix values; and potato starch formulations displayed intermediate values. Color properties also varied, with mung bean and corn starch gels appearing brighter, whereas the potato starch gels exhibited reduced lightness. Storage stability differed markedly: mung bean starch gels showed pronounced early syneresis, corn starch gels exhibited low but gradually increasing syneresis, and potato starch gels revealed delayed moisture release. Total flavonoid content did not differ among formulations; however, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity varied, with the highest activity observed in the 11% corn starch formulation. Texture profile analysis indicated increased mechanical resistance with higher starch concentrations, with mung bean starch producing the firmest gels and potato starch the softest. Consumer evaluation showed that excessive chewiness and elevated residual perception were associated with lower acceptance. The 9% corn starch formulation showed the highest overall acceptance, whereas purchase intention was relatively higher in the 7% mung bean and 9% corn starch fomulation. The results highlight starch selection as a critical determinant of structural stability, functional retention, and sensory performance in Bacchus^Ⓡ-based starch-gel confectionery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Lignan Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Five Perilla (<i>Perilla frutescens</i>) Korean Cultivars.","authors":"Yoonjeong Kim, Jihwan Kim, Min Young Kim, Jung-In Kim, Younghwa Kim","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.025","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2026.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed five Korean perilla (<i>Perilla frutescens</i>) cultivars for their lignan contents and antioxidant activities. Lignans were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; six compounds were detected: secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, lariciresinol, medioresinol, and pinoresinol. The total lignan content differed among cultivars, with Anyu having the highest level at 88.639 µg/100 g; among them, syringaresinol was predominant, whereas several others were not detected. The antioxidant activity also varied among cultivars; Dayu and Gayeon had higher polyphenols and flavonoids than the others. Dayu and Neulbora showed the highest 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical-scavenging activity, whereas Neulbora exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity. Correlation analysis indicated that antioxidant activity was not robustly associated with lignan content and was only weakly related to total phenolic and flavonoid contents. These results suggest that the antioxidant capacity of perilla seeds may be influenced by multiple components rather than by lignans or phenolic compounds alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying Temperature Modulates Phytochemical Integrity and Antioxidant Potential of Sungkai (<i>Peronema canescens</i> Jack) Leaves.","authors":"Tri Yulni, Leopold Oscar Nelwan, Sutrisno Suro Mardjan, Lamhot Parulian Manalu, Lusiana Kresnawati Hartono, Tantry Eko Putri Mariastuty, Himawan Adinegoro","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.033","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2026.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sungkai (<i>Peronema canescens</i> Jack) leaves are traditionally used in Southeast Asian medicine and are enriched in bioactive compounds having antioxidant activity, which may help mitigate oxidative stress-related disorders. Preservation of such compounds during post-harvest processing is essential to maintain their functional potential for disease prevention. However, the influence of drying temperature on the quality of Sungkai leaf simplicia－dried plant material used for medicinal purposes－has not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the effects of various drying temperatures: ambient, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C－on the physicochemical properties, phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, color stability, microstructure, and metabolite profile. Drying at 40°C effectively preserved total flavonoid and phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll retention, and metabolite diversity while significantly reducing duration compared with ambient drying. In contrast, temperatures ≥50°C accelerated demoisturization and caused a substantial degradation of phytochemicals, enhanced browning, structural collapse, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis confirmed drying temperature as the primary determinant of Sungkai leaf quality. These findings demonstrate that moderate temperatures optimize the processing efficiency-bioactive preservation balance, providing scientific guidance for standardizing the processing of Sungkai leaves as a functional herbal ingredient for preventive nutrition applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Meal Timing and Frequency and Obesity among Adults in Jeju, Republic of Korea.","authors":"Youjeong Jang, Hyunji Ham, Sumin Kim, Hanbin Ko, Insuk Chai, Kyungho Ha","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2025.320","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2025.320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irregular eating patterns, including skipping breakfast and/or late-night eating, have gained frequency and may contribute to rising obesity in South Korea. The prevalence of obesity is high, and breakfast consumption is low in Jeju, yet research on meal timing and frequency is limited. This study examined the association between meal timing/frequency and overweight/obesity among adults in Jeju based on the 2022 Jeju Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey data (n=947). Meal timing and frequency were assessed via a 1-d 24-h dietary recall, while late-night eating behaviors were evaluated employing a separate questionnaire. Breakfast consumers were divided into tertiles based on the proportion of total energy intake from breakfast. Compared with breakfast skippers, participants in the highest tertile of the proportion of energy from breakfast had significantly lower odds of overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, sex, total energy intake, and lifestyle and socioeconomic factors (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24－0.92; <i>P</i> for trend=0.0140). Breakfast skippers consumed more energy at lunch and dinner than breakfast consumers (<i>P</i><0.0001). Compared with breakfast skippers, breakfast consumers had a lower prevalence of vitamin and mineral intakes below the estimated average requirement and had a higher adherence to the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fat (<i>P</i><0.05). Overall, breakfast consumption was positively associated with nutrient adequacy and adherence to appropriate fat intake levels. These findings suggest that breakfast consumption may help maintain healthy nutritional status and is inversely associated with overweight/obesity prevalence among adults in Jeju.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genistein Restores Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Mice.","authors":"Cun Ku, Hanxiao Feng, Manni Wu, Jiyu Xie, Kuan Jiang, Chenhang Li, Zichun Qin, Abdrakhmanov Ayan, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2025.290","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2025.290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genistein is a dietary isoflavone that is abundant in soy products and has been suggested to exert cardiovascular protective effects; however, its role in hypertension remains incompletely defined. Here, we investigated whether genistein ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction using complementary <i>in vivo</i>, <i>ex vivo</i>, and <i>in vitro</i> models. The oral administration of genistein substantially attenuated Ang II-induced elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mice without affecting body weight. Histological analyses revealed that genistein alleviated aortic wall thickening and smooth muscle hypertrophy, whereas vascular reactivity assays demonstrated improved endothelium-dependent relaxation while preserving the endothelium-independent responses. In isolated murine aortic rings, genistein reversed Ang II-induced hypercontractility and restored acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation. Furthermore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, genistein suppressed the Ang II-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restored nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Mechanistically, genistein improved endothelial redox-NO coupling, accompanied by transcriptional remodeling of the redox/NO axis [e.g., suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (<i>NOX4</i>) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (<i>NOS2</i>) and restoration of nitric oxide synthase 3 (<i>NOS3</i>)], which is consistent with reduced ROS and enhanced NO bioavailability. Collectively, our findings identify genistein as a potent endothelial-protective agent that ameliorates Ang II-induced hypertension, highlighting its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular disease driven by vascular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freeze-Dried Extracts of <i>Eruca sativa</i> Selectively Inhibit Nuclear Factor-κB and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Minseo Cho, Jisu Lee, Jiwoo Lee, Caglar Doguer, Jeong Ho Hwang, Jung-Heun Ha","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.004","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2026.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are driven by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction accompanied by chronic inflammation and an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study investigated the protective effects of <i>Eruca sativa</i> freeze-dried extract against metabolic and inflammatory stress in the ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cell line. Gene expression levels and protein contents were assessed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots. VEGF secretion and cell calcium levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Fluo-4 NW calcium assay, respectively. Freeze-dried <i>E. sativa</i> extract (ESF) exposure did not induce any cytotoxicity across the concentration range tested. Under thapsigargin (Tg) stimulation, ESF at 1 mg/mL significantly reduced <i>VEGF</i> expression and protein secretion by 32% and 34%, respectively. Tg-induced calcium mobilization within cells and the expression of unfolded protein response markers, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and X-box binding protein-1, remained unchanged following ESF exposure. Under lipopolysaccharide stimulation, in a dose-dependent manner, ESF suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation, <i>tumor necrosis factor-α</i>, and <i>interleukin-1β</i> expression; however, c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling was not affected. Hot-air-dried <i>E. sativa</i> extract demonstrated contrasting regulatory profiles, which exhibited a broader modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that ESF selectively attenuates inflammatory and angiogenic responses by specifically inhibiting the NF-κB-VEGF axis. Dehydration, therefore, is a critical method determining ESF bioactivity, preserving native phytochemicals that confer focused anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic efficacy in RPE cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Mangifera indica</i> var. <i>teloor</i> Extract.","authors":"Yun Ji Park, Rusea Go, Mohd Nazre Salleh, Jin Hyub Paik, Sang Jin Jo, Sung Keun Jung","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.002","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2026.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Mangifera</i> belongs to the family Anacardiaceae; <i>Mangifera indica</i> (mango) is the best-known species. However, our understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>M. indica</i> var. <i>teloor</i> extract (MIE) remains limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of <i>teloor</i> extracts in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The MIE significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (<i>iNOS</i>) expression, in a dose-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity. Moreover, MIE inhibited LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation. Cytosol and nucleus fractionation, and Western blots showed that the MIEs suppressed LPS-induced cytosol-nucleus translocation of p65. Furthermore, MIE attenuated LPS-induced abnormal reactive oxygen species production and expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (<i>IL-6</i>) and tumor necrosis factor-α (<i>TNF-α</i>). These findings suggest that MIE can serve as a functional food ingredient that modulates the NF-kappa B signaling pathway to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of a Novel Lupin-Lentil-Derived Artificial Meat-Based Burger as a Sustainable Alternative to Beef-Based Burger.","authors":"Rawya Obaid Alatawi, Basem Mohammed Al-Sawalha, Mohammed Ismael Saleh","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2025.248","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2025.248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising demand for plant-based foods has driven interest in developing them as sustainable alternatives to meat products. Burgers, being globally popular and culturally adaptable, provide an effective vehicle for introducing plant-based meat (PBM) formulations. This study aimed to develop a novel PBM using lupin and lentils as primary ingredients. It also attempted to characterize and compare its nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory properties with a commercial beef (CB)-based burger (CBB). Proximate composition, pH, cooking loss, color parameters (<i>L</i>*, <i>a</i>*, <i>b</i>*), and sensory attributes were evaluated. The results showed that PBM contained significantly higher fiber and carbohydrate levels, while CBB was richer in protein, fat, and energy (<i>P</i><0.05). CB had a more elevated moisture content, whereas PBM exhibited superior structural stability and markedly lower cooking loss (7.25% vs. 21.92%). Color analysis did not reveal any difference in redness (<i>a</i>*), but PBM demonstrated greater lightness (<i>L</i>*) and yellowness (<i>b</i>*) than CBB. Sensory evaluation (n=32) did not show any significant variations (<i>P</i>>0.05) in overall acceptability, tenderness, juiciness, or appearance, although CBB scored slightly better in flavor. In conclusion, lupin- and lentil-based meat burgers achieved comparable sensory acceptance to CBBs while offering favorable nutritional and physicochemical attributes, reinforcing their potential as sustainable \"green\" alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Determination of the Phytochemical Components, Nutritional Content, Biological Activities, and Cytotoxicity of Ripening Karanda (<i>Carissa carandas</i>) Fruit Extract for Functional Food Development.","authors":"Supawadee Patathananone, Amonrat Koraneekij, Anuwat Wanthong, Wuttisak Kunu","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2026.01c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2026.01c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 454 in vol. 29, PMID: 39759816.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Koreans: Differences across Age Groups and Beverage Types.","authors":"Khongorzul Ganbat, Bo Hwi Kim, SuJin Song","doi":"10.3746/pnf.2025.255","DOIUrl":"10.3746/pnf.2025.255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption of beverages has rapidly increased in Korea in recent years. However, such data on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which are one of the major dietary risks for cardiometabolic diseases, are very limited. This study evaluated SSBs consumption by sex and age group as well as SSBs types among Koreans. We included 17,084 participants (≥3 years) from the 2020－2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Based on 24 h dietary recall data, SSBs were assessed as daily consumption (g/d and servings/d) and categorized as soft drinks, fruit drinks and juices, sweetened coffees, and other sweetened beverages. These analyses were also conducted separately with only SSBs consumers (n=8,404). The mean daily consumption of SSBs in the total study population was 96.5 g/d [standard error (SE)=2.4; mean intake=0.9 servings/d]. Among SSBs consumers, the mean consumption was 192.7 g/d (SE=4.2; mean intake=1.7 servings/d). Adolescents and young adults consumed more SSBs compared to other age groups. SSBs consumption differed by age group and beverage type, with fruit drinks and juices being most popular among children; soft drinks and other sweetened beverages among adolescents and young adults, and sweetened coffee among adults. Energy intake from SSBs was 74.2 and 75.9 kcal/d in adolescents and young adults, respectively; ∼20% of total daily sugar and ∼4% of total daily energy intake was from SSBs. This study found that the types and amounts of SSBs consumed vary by age group, with adolescents and young adults showing particularly higher consumption, highlighting the need for age-specific intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20424,"journal":{"name":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}