Polymer International最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of hydroxylated-chalcone-based photosensitive benzoxazines: synthesis, multifunctional properties and theoretical insights from density functional theory","authors":"Subasri Appasamy,&nbsp;Balaji Krishnasamy,&nbsp;Subhapriya Pushparaju,&nbsp;Suresh Palanivel","doi":"10.1002/pi.6793","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6793","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work pioneers the synthesis of a new class of benzoxazine monomers incorporating hydroxylated chalcone units (HAN-HB) using 2′-hydroxy-1′-acetonaphthone (HAN) and <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB) by following the Claisen–Schmidt condensation process. Three types of structurally varied bifunctional benzoxazines (Bz) were prepared using HAN-HB and paraformaldehyde separately with tyramine (ty), 3-amino-1-propanol (ap) and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (aee) by adopting Mannich condensation. Both the HAN-HB and benzoxazine molecular structures were confirmed by different spectroscopic analyses. DSC analysis reveal that HAN-HB-ap benzoxazine showed the lowest <i>T</i>_p value of 214 °C. Poly(HAN-HB-ty) possesses the highest values of thermal decomposition temperature and percentage char yield. Further, all the polybenzoxazines exhibit self-extinguishing and good heat-resistant properties. In addition, the synthesised benzoxazines showed good anti-microbial behavior. Photosensitive properties of the benzoxazines were studied using UV–visible spectroscopic analysis and the results indicated that the synthesised benzoxazines exhibited both photo-isomerisation and photocrosslinking due to their inherent molecular rearrangement ability. An aggregation-caused quenching characteristic was observed for the benzoxazines through a fluorescence study. From the water contact angle study, it was inferred that all the poly(HAN-HB-Bz) exhibited a water repellent nature and showed a higher water contact angle of 151°. The corrosion-resistant behaviour of polybenzoxazines towards a mild steel surface was studied and the results obtained infer that these materials exhibit good protection efficiency. Density functional theory studies were performed for all the chalcone-based benzoxazines. The incorporation of hydroxyl groups not only improves hydrogen bonding interactions, enhancing thermal stability, but also introduces photo-reactivity. This dual functionality is not commonly reported in conventional benzoxazines. The results obtained from various studies suggest that the developed chalcone-based benzoxazines can be suitably exploited for advanced photosensitive coating applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 10","pages":"914-926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of sustainable cellulose-based materials from oil palm bunch fiber waste from the Amazon region","authors":"Silma de Sá Barros,&nbsp;Bruno Las-Casas,&nbsp;Bárbara Pereira,&nbsp;Flávio A. de Freitas,&nbsp;Clodoaldo Saron","doi":"10.1002/pi.6790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellulose-based materials have been explored in several fields due to their abundance, performance, low cost and environmental benefits. The development of fiber-based products is highly attractive in countries with large agricultural areas and high production of agro-industrial waste. In Brazil, the waste from the palm oil industry stands out as a promising cellulosic source for biomaterials but remains underexplored. In the present study, various biomaterials such as palm bunch fiber, cellulose and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were extracted from palm oil waste and characterized in terms of morphology, size distribution, crystalline structure, chemical composition and thermostability. Palm bunch fiber exhibited α-cellulose as the main component (41%), followed by hemicellulose (21%) and lignin (12%). Potassium (K) was the most abundant inorganic element found in nanofibrils. High-aspect-ratio CNFs were isolated using disc ultra-refining, with an average width of 21 nm and higher crystallinity compared to palm fiber and cellulose. Thermostability assays revealed that CNFs exhibited the highest residual weight at elevated temperatures (&gt;500 °C), whereas palm bunch fiber and cellulose showed superior onset and maximum degradation temperatures. Overall, the distinct characteristics of these cellulose-based materials produced from palm oil waste highlight the potential of this agro-industrial waste as a valuable lignocellulosic source to develop sustainable materials for a wide range of applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"958-964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO2-doped sulfonated poly(etheretherketone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend membrane synthesis for microbial fuel cell systems","authors":"Sema Tuğçe Baykara,&nbsp;Gizem Hazan Akçay,&nbsp;Aygün Çalı,&nbsp;İrfan Ar","doi":"10.1002/pi.6786","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6786","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the development and comprehensive evaluation of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-doped, thermally crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend membranes for microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications. The membranes were synthesized with varying TiO₂ concentrations and characterized through analyses of water content, ion exchange capacity, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Incorporation of TiO₂ significantly enhanced proton conductivity and reduced water-induced mass loss compared to undoped membranes. Among the various compositions, the membrane containing 5 wt% TiO₂ (SPEEK/PVA-5T) demonstrated the highest proton conductivity of 0.4346 S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C, indicating superior performance. The membranes were tested in a cylindrical H-type MFC setup. The SPEEK/PVA-5T membrane achieved a maximum voltage output of 560.610 mV and a power density of 62.856 μW m⁻², in comparison to a commercial Nafion 117 membrane, which delivered 777.740 mV and 120.975 μW m⁻². These findings underscore the potential of the SPEEK/PVA-5T membrane as an effective and sustainable alternative for MFC applications, offering enhanced ion transport and contributing to the advancement of carbon-neutral energy technologies. This work represents a meaningful step toward the development of high-performance, eco-friendly membrane materials for renewable energy systems. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"848-857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetradecanoic acid-based polydicyclopentadiene foam supported composite phase change materials: preparation and characterization","authors":"Meltem Sözbir,&nbsp;Hatice Hande Mert,&nbsp;Mehmet Selçuk Mert,&nbsp;Emine Hilal Mert","doi":"10.1002/pi.6784","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water-in-oil Pickering high internal phase emulsion (Pickering-HIPE) of dicylopentadiene (DCPD) was prepared by using block copolymer surface-modified calcite (<i>m</i>Calcite) particles. To evaluate the contribution of <i>m</i>Calcite particles comparatively, a neat polyHIPE was first synthesized from a conventional DCPD-based water-in-oil HIPE. SEM analysis demonstrated that polymerization of DCPD-based HIPE and Pickering-HIPE yielded open-porous supporting materials. Mechanical tests showed that <i>m</i>Calcite incorporation significantly improved the compressive modulus of the obtained material compared to the neat support. Tetradecanoic acid (TDA) was used as phase change material (PCM) and was successfully incorporated into the synthesized supporting foams via a solvent-assisted vacuum process. TDA presence in the composite PCM foams, named polyDCPD/TDA and polyDCPD/<i>m</i>Calcite/TDA, was examined based on Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-specific surface area measurement and SEM imaging. The latent heat storage properties and thermal stabilities of the resulting composite PCMs were evaluated by DSC and TGA measurements. The melting temperature and latent heat of melting of the composite PCMs were respectively detected as 52.4 °C and 68.2 J g⁻¹ for polyDCPD/<i>m</i>Calcite/TDA and 52.6 °C and 50.1 J g⁻¹ for polyDCPD/TDA, from DSC thermograms. It was demonstrated that the leak-resistive polyDCPD/<i>m</i>Calcite/TDA exhibited higher thermal stability in comparison with polyDCPD/TDA. Finally, it was concluded that Pickering-polyHIPE supported composite PCM can be efficiently used for low-temperature passive thermal management applications such as solar energy storage, thermal protection of electronic devices etc. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"839-847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of solute and solvent of poly(vinyl chloride) using ultrasonic method","authors":"Richa Saxena,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra Bhatt,&nbsp;Manish Uniyal,&nbsp;Himanshu Gupta","doi":"10.1002/pi.6785","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6785","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, relaxation time, ultrasonic absorption and Rao's constant of binary mixtures comprising poly(vinyl chloride) and dimethylformamide at varying concentrations and temperatures. These acoustical parameters are calculated by using experimental values of density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity. The experiments are conducted using an ultrasonic apparatus operating at a frequency of 1 MHz. Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity are measured at different concentrations from 0 to 1 (m/v) at different temperature ranges from 303.15 to 338.15 K. The obtained results are compared with the results presented in the literature. The comprehensive analysis of these parameters reveals intriguing insights into the nature of interactions between the solute and solvent. This study also provides a deep insight into the nature, type and strength of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. The behaviour of the solution is discussed in terms of its acoustical parameters with concentration and temperature. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"815-827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing of lignin-based polymeric composites obtained using liquid crystal display as a vat photopolymerization technique","authors":"Giovanna Colucci,&nbsp;Francesca Sacchi,&nbsp;Federica Bondioli,&nbsp;Massimo Messori","doi":"10.1002/pi.6783","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work aims to improve the sustainability of polymers and may pave the way for the development through 3D technologies of innovative composites useful for many industries. It highlights the preparation of lignin-based composites by adding lignin to an acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) resin using a liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printer. The formulations were obtained by adding tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA) as reactive diluent to the AESO matrix as the starting reference system. Then, lignin-based composites were obtained by dispersing lignin at different concentrations within the AESO-THFA resin. The viscosity and printability of the photocurable formulations were first studied because they play a key role in a vat photopolymerization process. Several 3D printed parts were successfully realized via LCD exhibiting high resolution and accuracy and well-detailed geometries. SEM analyses revealed that lignin particles were homogeneously dispersed within the crosslinked AESO-based network. The thermal and mechanical properties of the photocured lignin-based composites were tested by TGA, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile tests, underlining that the presence of lignin led to a decrease of the elastic modulus and tensile strength, and a slight increase of the glass transition temperature, leaving the thermal stability unchanged. The incorporation of lignin into an AESO polymer network can significantly improve the sustainability of polymers designing and printing innovative lignin-based composites useful for many industrial fields. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"828-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymers in direct air capture: a mini review","authors":"Hoda Shokrollahzadeh Behbahani,&nbsp;Matthew D Green","doi":"10.1002/pi.6781","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6781","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The urgent need to mitigate climate change has intensified interest in direct air capture (DAC) technology, which targets extracting carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly from the atmosphere. Among the various sorbents used in DAC, polymers have emerged as a promising solution, either as active sorbents or as structural supports for active DAC materials, due to their customizable properties, scalability and low cost. This mini-review investigates the latest trends in polymer-based materials for DAC and identifies critical research gaps, such as the need for thorough lifecycle assessments and in-depth studies on the degradation of polymeric materials. It also outlines future directions, emphasizing the importance of developing cost-effective, scalable and durable polymers that can perform efficiently across diverse climatic conditions, including the unique challenges presented by cold weather regions abundant in renewable energy. This mini-review aims to inform ongoing efforts in the design and utilization of polymeric sorbents, providing insights that could guide the development of economically viable and environmentally sustainable DAC technologies. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 8","pages":"651-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue: sustainable polymers and polymer composites for future technologies","authors":"Wu Bin Ying,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1002/pi.6775","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 6","pages":"481-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer type effect on microparticle blend of ethyl cellulose, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) for controlled drug delivery with varying solubility","authors":"Muhaimin Muhaimin,&nbsp;Roland Bodmeier","doi":"10.1002/pi.6774","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6774","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of polymer type on polymeric microparticle blends designed for controlled drug delivery. Microparticle blends containing a single drug (propranolol HCl [Pro] or carbamazepine [CBZ]) and blends with drugs of differing solubilities (Pro and CBZ) were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The first emulsion and second oil phase were prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water and oil-in-water methods. The three different first emulsions were a solution of ethyl cellulose (EC), poly(lactic-&lt;i&gt;co&lt;/i&gt;-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in dichloromethane (7.5% w/v). The three different second oil phases were 7.5% w/v solution of EC, PLGA and PCL in dichloromethane. The first Pro emulsion (water-in-oil) and second Pro emulsion (water-in-oil) were dispersed in an external aqueous phase (for the same drug), while the first Pro emulsion (water-in-oil) and second CBZ oil phase (for different drugs) were dispersed in an external aqueous phase, with a dispersion time interval (DTI) of 0 and 60 min for the same and different drugs. The morphology of the microparticle blends was characterized by SEM. The mean particle size was measured with a particle size analyzer. The encapsulation efficiency and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; drug release in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were also investigated. Microparticle blends containing a single drug exhibited slower release rates of Pro compared to conventional microparticles and microparticle blends (DTI of 0 min). Conversely, blends with different solubilities showed similar release rates for both Pro and CBZ (DTI of 60 min). &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; drug release studies after 28 days showed that the Pro release from EC microparticle blends with DTI 60 min (61%) was slower than from EC microparticle blends with DTI 0 min (83%); the Pro release from PCL microparticle blends with DTI 60 min (48%) was slower than from PCL microparticle blends with DTI 0 min (75%); and the Pro release from PLGA microparticle blends with DTI 60 min (74%) was slower than from PLGA microparticle blends with DTI 0 min (88%). The size of the microparticle blend prepared as a water-in-oil-in-water (Pro) and oil-in-water (CBZ) system with DTI of 60 min and stirring time 4 h was larger than those prepared with a DTI of 0 min. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; drug release studies from EC microparticle blends after 28 days revealed that the CBZ release (69%) was faster than Pro release (53.5%). Drug release from PLGA microparticle blends after 28 days revealed that the CBZ release (92.5%) was faster than Pro release (81%). Drug release from PCL microparticle blends after 28 days revealed that the CBZ release (60%) was faster than Pro release (33%). This observation may be attributed to interactions between the secondary emulsion or oil phase and the solidified microparticles from the primary emulsion, wherein the secondary emulsion or oil phase blocked and coated pores on the surface of the solidified micropar","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"800-814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric sensors for blood analysis: current and future scope of research","authors":"Dipak Thikar,&nbsp;Gaurav Gopal Naik,&nbsp;Sarojini Verma,&nbsp;Devyani Thapliyal,&nbsp;George D. Verros,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Arya","doi":"10.1002/pi.6766","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6766","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review explores the advancements in polymer-based sensors for blood analysis, emphasizing the online detection of key blood components such as uric acid, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol, total proteins, amino acids and hormones. It categorizes polymer sensors into electrochemical, optical and molecularly imprinted polymers, providing insights into their working mechanisms and advantages in biomarker identification. Recent innovations are highlighted to evaluate the current state of sensor technology in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. Challenges such as stability issues, biofouling and compliance are also addressed. The review underscores the transformative potential of these sensors in blood diagnostics, emphasizing their role in enhancing patient care through convenient point-of-care healthcare testing. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"745-782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}