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Special issue: biomass polymers – a sustainable platform with new functional materials 特刊:生物质聚合物——具有新功能材料的可持续平台
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70025
Tsuyoshi Michinobu, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
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引用次数: 0
Stabilizing effect of sepiolite in the preparation of flame-resistant expanded perlite/semi-rigid polyurethane foam composites 海泡石在制备阻燃膨胀珍珠岩/半硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合材料中的稳定作用
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70012
Royal Guliyev, Nalan Tekin, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Yavuz Emre Yağcı
{"title":"Stabilizing effect of sepiolite in the preparation of flame-resistant expanded perlite/semi-rigid polyurethane foam composites","authors":"Royal Guliyev,&nbsp;Nalan Tekin,&nbsp;Mustafa Özgür Bora,&nbsp;Yavuz Emre Yağcı","doi":"10.1002/pi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While additive-type flame retardants (FRs) offer ease of application, they may exhibit incompatibility with polyurethane (PU) foams at elevated concentrations, potentially compromising mechanical and morphological properties. This study examines the stabilizing influence of sepiolite (S) on expanded perlite (EP)-doped semi-rigid PU foams (SrPUFs). The thermal stability, morphological structure and flame resistance of S_SrPUF, S_EP_SrPUF and EP_SrPUF samples were evaluated using TGA, SEM and the UL 94 vertical combustion test, respectively. The TGA results indicated a 3.27-fold increase in char residue in the S_EP_SrPUF sample containing sepiolite compared to SrPUF. Additionally, this sample demonstrated a uniform structure akin to pure foam and halted tar flow, extending the combustion time from 50 to 96 s. The S_EP_SrPUF sample, incorporating 2% sepiolite and 8% EP additives, exhibited enhanced strength and flexibility, with mechanical performance improving by 38.4%. The findings suggest that the incorporation of sepiolite with additive-type FRs enhances FR efficacy by establishing a structural equilibrium between the foam matrix and the additive. This study provides significant contributions to both academic and industrial domains. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"1014-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bulk ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide with an effective liquid tin(II) n-butoxide initiator for biomedical applications: a comparative kinetics study l-丙交酯与有效液态锡(II)正丁醇引发剂的体积开环聚合:生物医学应用的比较动力学研究
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70003
Montira Sriyai, Tawan Chaiwon, Robert Molloy, Patnarin Worajittiphon, Puttinan Meepowpan, Winita Punyodom
{"title":"Bulk ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide with an effective liquid tin(II) n-butoxide initiator for biomedical applications: a comparative kinetics study","authors":"Montira Sriyai,&nbsp;Tawan Chaiwon,&nbsp;Robert Molloy,&nbsp;Patnarin Worajittiphon,&nbsp;Puttinan Meepowpan,&nbsp;Winita Punyodom","doi":"10.1002/pi.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, liquid tin(II) <i>n</i>-butoxide (Sn(O<i>n</i>Bu)<sub>2</sub>) is employed as an initiator in the bulk ring-opening polymerization of <span>l</span>-lactide. Its effectiveness is compared with the conventional tin(II) octoate/<i>n</i>-butanol (Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>/<i>n</i>-BuOH) initiating system by analyzing kinetics parameters derived from monomer conversion data obtained through gravimetry, <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Gravimetry kinetics studies of <span>l</span>-lactide ring-opening polymerization in bulk at 120 °C for 24 h reveal that both Sn(O<i>n</i>Bu)<sub>2</sub> and Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>/<i>n</i>-BuOH achieve high conversions (&gt;90%), with first-order rate constants of 0.0432 and 0.0157 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These results indicate that the highly soluble liquid Sn(O<i>n</i>Bu)<sub>2</sub> leads to a faster polymerization rate and higher molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 1.45 × 10<sup>4</sup> g mol<sup>−1</sup>) than Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>/<i>n</i>-BuOH (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 6.03 × 10<sup>3</sup> g mol<sup>−1</sup>). However, kinetics studies using <sup>1</sup>H NMR and FTIR suggest that liquid Sn(O<i>n</i>Bu)<sub>2</sub> and Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>/<i>n</i>-BuOH exhibit similar effectiveness in terms of monomer conversion. Finally, the high efficiency of liquid Sn(O<i>n</i>Bu)<sub>2</sub> is demonstrated in the first-time synthesis of medical-grade poly(<span>l</span>-lactide) at a large scale (500 g). This advancement paves the way for biomedical applications, such as absorbable surgical sutures, demonstrating performance comparable to commercial medical-grade poly(<span>l</span>-lactide) products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"990-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bio-based polyurethanes: a comprehensive review on advances in synthesis and functionalization 生物基聚氨酯:合成和功能化研究进展综述
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70010
Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes, Ana Paula Pereira de Oliveira, Fatima de Jesus Bassetti, Juliana Regina Kloss, Lucila Adriani de Almeida Coral
{"title":"Bio-based polyurethanes: a comprehensive review on advances in synthesis and functionalization","authors":"Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes,&nbsp;Ana Paula Pereira de Oliveira,&nbsp;Fatima de Jesus Bassetti,&nbsp;Juliana Regina Kloss,&nbsp;Lucila Adriani de Almeida Coral","doi":"10.1002/pi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The materials commonly used to produce polyurethane foam (PUF) are based on petrochemical derivatives, which can pose long-term environmental and human health risks. Therefore, the search for alternatives to replace these petrochemical derivatives has grown substantially in the last 20 years, aiming mainly at improving polymer properties and leading to a reduced environmental impact. Thus, this review focuses on the advances presented in the literature on PUF production strategies from alternative sources and their impact on polymer material properties, discussing the environmental and technical advantages of using bio-polyols in polyurethane synthesis. From an analysis of the metrics available in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, it was observed that in the last 17 years, 1012 articles and 979 patents were published on bio-based PUFs, mainly in materials sciences, polymeric materials and chemistry. Among these alternative sources used to obtain polyols, castor and soybean vegetable oils are the matrices that stand out the most in current studies. It is concluded that replacing petrochemical polyols with biological sources in the production of PUF allows industrial practices to be aligned with sustainability principles, representing a significant step towards developing cleaner and more efficient technologies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"941-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bio-derived high-strength waterborne polyurethane using cellulose-nanofiber-stabilized Pickering emulsion 生物衍生的高强度水性聚氨酯,采用纤维素-纳米纤维稳定的皮克林乳液
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70009
Miaojia Ye, Qian Hu, Xiaoyue Huang, Yiwen Wang, Wanchao Wu, Xinzhe Zhang, Chonggang Wu, Chuanqun Hu
{"title":"Bio-derived high-strength waterborne polyurethane using cellulose-nanofiber-stabilized Pickering emulsion","authors":"Miaojia Ye,&nbsp;Qian Hu,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Huang,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang,&nbsp;Wanchao Wu,&nbsp;Xinzhe Zhang,&nbsp;Chonggang Wu,&nbsp;Chuanqun Hu","doi":"10.1002/pi.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Renewable biomass resources, including castor oil and cellulose, present promising avenues for sustainable polymer synthesis. This study involved the fabrication of a novel waterborne polyurethane utilizing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as a Pickering emulsion stabilizer and castor oil as a bio-derived polyol. Two different CNFs assessed the function of CNFs in stabilizing castor-oil-derived waterborne polyurethane emulsions by the ratio, their concentration and the emulsion storage duration. Dynamic light scattering and rheological assessments established that CNFs significantly enhanced emulsion stability by forming a semi-flexible network, which impeded droplet coalescence. Moreover, the incorporation of CNFs improved the mechanical performance of castor-oil-derived waterborne polyurethane films. Specifically, the addition of 1 wt% of the longer CNF resulted in an increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus to 21.2 MPa and 91.0 MPa, respectively, signifying improvements of 103.0% and 256.6% over the CNF-free control. This investigation underscores the synergistic potential of biomass-derived nanomaterials in the design of high-performance, environmentally friendly polymers. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"1003-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancements in molecularly-imprinted-polymer-based biomarker detection for various diseases: a comprehensive overview 基于分子印迹聚合物的各种疾病生物标志物检测进展综述
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70004
Km Supriya Das, Neha Singh, Kuladip Barman, Shivani Kasana, Balak Das Kurmi, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Preeti Patel
{"title":"Advancements in molecularly-imprinted-polymer-based biomarker detection for various diseases: a comprehensive overview","authors":"Km Supriya Das,&nbsp;Neha Singh,&nbsp;Kuladip Barman,&nbsp;Shivani Kasana,&nbsp;Balak Das Kurmi,&nbsp;Ghanshyam Das Gupta,&nbsp;Preeti Patel","doi":"10.1002/pi.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have garnered considerable attention across various fields due to their exceptional specificity and affinity for biomarker detection. These polymers exhibit significant potential in pharmaceuticals, disease diagnosis, electrochemical sensing, extraction of bioactive compounds, pathogen identification and environmental chemistry. The interdisciplinary fusion of chemistry, medicine, analytical techniques and sensing technologies has greatly benefited from the stability and effectiveness of MIPs. The synthesis of MIPs involves various methodologies, including integration of membrane separation technology with molecular imprinting technology. Their structure and composition are characterized using a variety of physical, chemical and thermal techniques. This review explores various aspects of MIP-based biomarker recognition, providing classifications of biomarkers and a balanced discussion on both the advantages and limitations of current approaches. Moreover, the review highlights extensive applications of MIPs, as detection of cancer and neurodegenerative disease markers as well as identification of volatile biomarkers. MIPs have shown promising capabilities in early-stage screening of protein biomarkers and electrochemical detection of pathogens and other biological markers, including non-invasive samples such as saliva. Although applications of MIPs in catalysis and drug delivery are still in their infancy, there are numerous opportunities for further research and development that could lead to significant advancements in coming years. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"783-799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the microstructural properties of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose-based solid polymer electrolytes: a promising candidate for flexible electrical double-layer capacitor 探索羟丙基甲基纤维素基固体聚合物电解质的微观结构特性:一种有前途的柔性电双层电容器
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70001
Jayalakshmi Koliyoor, Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde,  Ismayil, Badekai Ramachandra Bhat
{"title":"Exploring the microstructural properties of hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose-based solid polymer electrolytes: a promising candidate for flexible electrical double-layer capacitor","authors":"Jayalakshmi Koliyoor,&nbsp;Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde,&nbsp; Ismayil,&nbsp;Badekai Ramachandra Bhat","doi":"10.1002/pi.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the development and characterization of solid polymer electrolytes based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) for magnesium ion transport. Electrolyte films were prepared using a conventional solution casting technique, incorporating HPMC and magnesium acetate. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and XRD analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between the polymer and salt components. Impedance spectroscopy was employed to assess the electrical conductivity of the prepared electrolytes. Thermal stability was evaluated using TGA. The FTIR and XRD results indicated the formation of a complex between the polymer and salt. The electrolyte containing 30 wt% magnesium acetate exhibited a room temperature ionic conductivity of 5.88 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating enhanced electrical properties. An electrical double-layer capacitor was fabricated using this high-conductivity electrolyte, and its electrochemical performance was analysed. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"965-980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Designing and study of advanced 3D-printed lightweight and eco-friendly bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder based composite material 先进的3d打印轻量化环保竹纤维粉和chapati厨余粉基复合材料的设计与研究
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pi.6792
Kajal Yadav, Sarika Verma
{"title":"Designing and study of advanced 3D-printed lightweight and eco-friendly bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder based composite material","authors":"Kajal Yadav,&nbsp;Sarika Verma","doi":"10.1002/pi.6792","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6792","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pursuing sustainable and lightweight materials has increased interest in extrusion-based 3D printing of biocomposites for various applications. This study focused on designing and studying a novel advanced 3D-printed lightweight bamboo and chapati food waste powder-based composite material. Bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder derived from natural sources and sodium alginate, a biodegradable polymer from brown algae, were used to develop eco-friendly composites. The developed 3D-printed samples were evaluated for morphological structure by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy and mechanical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the uniform distribution of bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder within the sodium alginate matrix. The X-ray diffraction peaks confirmed the semicrystalline structures with characteristic peaks for sodium alginate, bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder. The Raman results confirmed the bamboo fiber powder and chapati food waste powder content in the 3D-printed composites. The incorporation of bamboo fiber powder with different concentrations enhanced the mechanical properties with an increase in tensile strength. This work highlights the development of advanced 3D-printed lightweight bamboo and starch powder-based composite materials, offering a promising pathway toward sustainable materials. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 9","pages":"858-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of fluorescent poly(diallyldimethylammonium ion)–sulfonated rhodamine dye complexes and their interactions with chloride and carboxylate ions 荧光聚二烯基二甲基铵离子磺化罗丹明染料配合物的表征及其与氯离子和羧酸离子的相互作用
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70002
Anna M Johnson, Frederick Jutton, Edward E Remsen
{"title":"Characterization of fluorescent poly(diallyldimethylammonium ion)–sulfonated rhodamine dye complexes and their interactions with chloride and carboxylate ions","authors":"Anna M Johnson,&nbsp;Frederick Jutton,&nbsp;Edward E Remsen","doi":"10.1002/pi.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aqueous mixtures of the poly(diallyldimethylammonium cation) (<i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup>) and the fluorescent anionic dye Alexa Fluor® 546 (A546) are characterized using multiple fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. A546 and <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> demonstrate binding interactions leading to the formation of noncovalent A546–<i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> complexes based on the quenching and recovery of A546 fluorescence emission intensity as a function of <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> concentration. Fluorescence anisotropies of the mixtures support the results of fluorescence emission intensity analysis and yield a sub-micromolar equilibrium dissociation constant for the complexes indicating that strong attractive electrostatic interactions produce complexation. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) characterization of the complexes in solutions containing systematically varied concentrations of either chloride or carboxylate anions suggests chain dimension collapse of <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> in the complexes and preferential binding of A546 anions to lower-molecular-weight complexes in solution. Comparison of these effects as a function of solution ionic strength produced by chloride, monocarboxylate and dicarboxylate anion addition indicates that carboxylate anions have significantly stronger binding interactions with <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> than chloride ions. Differences in the binding of aliphatic carboxylate anions of different chain length with <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> are attributed to differences in their hydrophobic interactions with the organic polymer chains of <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup>. Further FCS studies of noncovalent A546–<i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> complexes prepared from narrow-molecular-weight fractions of <i>p</i>DADMA<sup>+</sup> hold the promise of deeper insights into the binding behaviors and hydrodynamic size variability of this industrially important polyelectrolyte. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 11","pages":"981-989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toughening of thermoset matrix: effect of triblock copolymer addition and block sequence of PEG and PPG on phase morphology 热固性基体的增韧:三嵌段共聚物加成及PEG和PPG嵌段顺序对相形貌的影响
IF 3.6 4区 化学
Polymer International Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/pi.70000
Lohana Vieira Bataglini, Maria Luiza Paganini Maia, Bruna Louise Silva, Marlene Bampi, Luana Bettanin, Marcia Bär Schuster
{"title":"Toughening of thermoset matrix: effect of triblock copolymer addition and block sequence of PEG and PPG on phase morphology","authors":"Lohana Vieira Bataglini,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Paganini Maia,&nbsp;Bruna Louise Silva,&nbsp;Marlene Bampi,&nbsp;Luana Bettanin,&nbsp;Marcia Bär Schuster","doi":"10.1002/pi.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) was modified with triblock copolymers: poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(propylene glycol)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) or PPG-PEG-PPG, with 10 wt% PEG in their structure, referred to as EPE and PEP, respectively. The aim was to evaluate the influence of the PEG and PPG block sequence on the phase morphology and enhance the fracture toughness of the thermoset matrix. Scanning electron microscopy revealed immiscibility for PEP systems and partially miscible to immiscible behavior for EPE systems, depending on the mass fraction used. The EPE fraction reduced the size of the dispersed phase, while the PPG end-group block sequence in PEP suppressed coalescence, stabilizing the dispersion and decreasing dispersed phase size. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a reduction of <i>ca</i> 20 °C in the glass transition temperature for the EPE systems, while for the PEP systems there were no significant changes, corroborating the immiscible system found in microscopy. Analysis of the mechanical properties revealed that incorporating the copolymer enhanced fracture energy absorption, as demonstrated by the increased toughness (up to 41%) compared to the neat epoxy. Systems with smaller spherical/ellipsoidal domains exhibited greater toughness, indicating that particle distribution and size significantly influence the material's toughness. Regarding tensile results, a reduction in tensile strength values was observed for all modified systems, especially for the EPE-10 system. These findings underscore the significance of the block sequence in triblock copolymers, emphasizing the importance of tailoring specific morphologies to enhance mechanical properties. © 2025 The Author(s). <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 10","pages":"927-935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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