Polymer International最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, kinetic study and characterization of C5-dienes/styrene copolymers via living anionic polymerization in cyclopentyl methyl ether solvent","authors":"Yawen Fu,&nbsp;Shuai Yang,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Xiong,&nbsp;Zhuowei Gu,&nbsp;Qiqi Dai,&nbsp;Haoyun Tan,&nbsp;Le Zhou,&nbsp;Menghan Geng,&nbsp;Fengli Xie,&nbsp;Wen-jun Yi,&nbsp;Lijun Li,&nbsp;Kun Liu","doi":"10.1002/pi.6598","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>1,3-Dienes/styrene sequence-controlled copolymers are widely used as thermoplastic elastomers, transparent impact resin and synthetic rubber and other materials. In this work, the binary anionic copolymerization of styrene (<b>S</b>) and C5-dienes including 1,3-pentadiene (<b>P</b>, <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i> = 65/35) and isoprene (<b>I</b>) were studied in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) ‘green’ solvent using <i>n</i>-BuLi as initiator, and the effects of copolymerization monomer ratio and polar additive (PA) on the copolymerization kinetics and monomer sequence distributions were investigated. The kinetic analysis results showed that all copolymerization systems were the first-order reaction and the C5-dienes/<b>S</b> could be quantitatively consumed. The addition of <b>S</b> or <b>I</b> was conducive to the efficient conversion of <b>P</b>. Although the addition of PAs had little effect on the polymerization rate, it had a great influence on the microstructure and sequence distribution of the copolymer. ¹H NMR tracking analysis showed that, for <b>S/P</b> copolymerization with different feeding ratios 1/3 &lt; <i>f</i>_<b>P</b> &lt; 2/3, the instant composition <i>F</i>_<b>P</b> in the copolymer remained relatively constant at 15% &lt; <i>F</i>_<b>P</b> &lt; 35% when the monomer conversion rate was below 60%, and thus the inevitable formation of <b>P</b> microblocks in subsequent polymerization sequences was observed. Additionally, similar sequence distributions were obtained in the case of <b>I/P</b> copolymerization systems. By contrast, <b>S</b>/<b>I</b> copolymerization conformed to the typical random copolymerization pattern, and the copolymerization activity of <b>S</b> was slightly higher than that of the <b>I</b> in CPME. The use of strong PAs such as 2,2-di(2-tetrahydrofuran)propane directly resulted in a change of monomer sequence from a random pattern to a gradual block pattern. Moreover, the 3,4-isoprene branch units were much more sensitive to solvent and PA than 1,2-pentadiene units for C5-dienes; also Fourier transform infrared and DSC analysis verified the microstructure and sequence analysis results mentioned above. In addition, the results of gel permeation chromatography showed that the copolymerization process in CPME had excellent controllable characteristics. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"326-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A toughening indole-based epoxy film with efficient anti-counterfeiting properties driven by cation–π interaction","authors":"Qiaolin Tang,&nbsp;Lu Yuan,&nbsp;Ming Kang,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Qiang Yin,&nbsp;Guanjun Chang","doi":"10.1002/pi.6597","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A strong and tough indole-based epoxy film driven by cation–<i>π</i> interaction is designed, evading the trade-off between stiffness and extensibility in epoxy resins. The film with high strength, toughness and effective anti-counterfeiting properties induced by cation–<i>π</i> interaction is promising in the development of the fields of aerospace and electronic devices. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"319-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing acrylic latexes for pressure-sensitive adhesives: a review","authors":"Nicholas Ballard","doi":"10.1002/pi.6596","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are essential components of a large number of commercial products. The immense range of substrates that are required to be bonded, coupled with the challenging adhesive properties that are required in many applications, requires the development of PSAs with controllable structure. In this review, the development of acrylic latexes for use in PSA applications is discussed, with a particular emphasis on how to adjust the synthetic process to control adhesive properties. Following a general introduction to PSAs, a brief overview of the fundamental rheological properties that control adhesive behavior is given. Subsequently, routes to improve PSA performance through controlling the polymerization process are described. Finally, more complex systems that involve structured latexes and multiphase hybrids are detailed. The review concludes with a summary of future challenges for the field. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 2","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(lactic acid) synthesized from non-food biomass feedstocks with tin-loaded ZA molecular sieve catalysts by direct melt polycondensation","authors":"Chengtao Gao,&nbsp;Yanwen Wang,&nbsp;Yunlong Yang,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin","doi":"10.1002/pi.6594","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design and synthesis of catalysts loaded with active components has attracted considerable attention in current research owing to their exceptional catalytic performance. In this study, the focus was on the utilization of tin-loaded ZA molecular sieves, possessing remarkable adsorption properties, alongside the catalytic activity of tin. These catalysts were successfully prepared and employed for the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) from lactic acid derived from non-food biomass. By modifying the treatment of ZA molecular sieves, the properties of tin-loaded ZA molecular sieves were adjusted. The resulting catalysts exhibited a high tin capacity ranging from 2.29% to 2.81% and featured abundant mesoporous structures, providing a surface area of up to 341.2 m² g⁻¹. Regarding the preparation of PLA, our findings demonstrated that ZA-III-Sn²⁺ as a catalyst yielded PLA with a higher weight-average molecular weight (<i>M</i>_w) up to 2.57 × 10⁴ g mol⁻¹ and a higher yield of 65.3% compared to other catalysts. Moreover, the most optimal catalytic effect was achieved by adding the catalyst in three separate stages. Moreover, the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time were found to influence both the molecular weight and yield of PLA. This study not only provides a valuable strategy for the preparation of loaded catalysts for PLA production but also offers new insights into the overall preparation process of PLA. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"310-318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P/N/Si-containing synergistic flame retardants endowing lignin-based epoxy resin with good flame retardancy, mechanical properties and heat resistance","authors":"Jialan Li,&nbsp;Jinlei Wang,&nbsp;Huimin Zheng,&nbsp;Jianwei Guo,&nbsp;Ruijie Guo,&nbsp;Hong Yan","doi":"10.1002/pi.6595","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6595","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biobased epoxy resins are gaining attention as a renewable alternative to petroleum-based resins. However, their inherent flammability requires flame-retardant treatment. In this study, hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCP) and various synergists were utilized to improve the flame retardancy of lignin-based epoxy resin (EP-L). Results showed that (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) had the most effective synergistic effect for HPCP to form a P/N/Si-containing system, resulting in a compact crosslinked char layer. Upon the incorporation of HPCP and APTES (6∶1, 12 wt% of EP mass) into EP, a V-0 classification was achieved in the UL-94 vertical burning assessment, with a limiting oxygen index of 33.6% and a 47.77% decrease in the peak of heat release rate. This system minimally influenced the tensile strength of the composite (a 16.51% reduction), and maximumly increased its initial degradation temperature by 83 °C, compared with EP-L. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and preparation of polytetrafluoroethylene/carbon (PTFE/C) composite membrane-equivalent foam for gravity-driven emulsion separation","authors":"Xiaoming Guo,&nbsp;Di Lan,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1002/pi.6593","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, the concept of a membrane-equivalent foam (MEF) with equivalent characteristics to a separated multilayer membrane is proposed and elaborated to mitigate the conflict between efficiency and selectivity in emulsion separation. Porous polytetrafluoroethylene/carbon (PTFE/C) composite MEF with a two-level microporous structure (bubble pores and ice-templated pores) was prepared successfully, derived from a PTFE/glutaraldehyde crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVAG) composite foam green body. The PVAG-based <i>in situ</i> carbon was analyzed as composed mainly of amorphous carbon. The bubble pores were observed to be interconnected by ice-templated pores. The porosity of the porous PTFE/C composite MEF reached a remarkable value of 73.35%. Corresponding to <i>m</i>(PTFE)/<i>m</i>(PVA) values of 14/1, 12/1, 10/1 and 8/1, the average pore sizes of the bubble pores were 32.99, 44.31, 47.33 and 48.01 μm, and the average sizes of the ice-templated pores were about 2.24, 2.77, 3.02 and 3.47 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, the porous PTFE/C composite MEF exhibited near superhydrophobicity in air and superhydrophobicity under oil. In gravity-driven water−oil emulsion separation tests, the oil flux was up to 3541 L h⁻¹ m⁻² and the separation efficiency reached more than 99.52%. After 20 cycles of testing, the oil flux and separation efficiency remained stable. The membrane-equivalent thickness of the samples from PTFE/C-m1 to PTFE/C-m4 were below 3.47, 4.26, 0.58 and 0.30 nm, respectively, which is about 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁶ times lower than the height of porous PTFE/C composite MEF. It is reasonable to believe that porous PTFE/C composite MEF could effectively mitigate the ‘trade-off’ effect. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"287-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical analysis of the thermal stability of transesterification vitrimers for 3D-printing applications based on digital light processing","authors":"Angelo Romano,&nbsp;Osman Konuray,&nbsp;Frida Román,&nbsp;Yolanda Calventus,&nbsp;Xavier Fernández-Francos,&nbsp;Ignazio Roppolo,&nbsp;Marco Sangermano","doi":"10.1002/pi.6592","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>3D-printable vitrimers processed by digital light processing (DLP) have been recently developed, based on the transesterification reaction of <i>β</i>-hydroxyester structures from mono- and diacrylate monomers employed in the formulation. These materials show promising repairability and recyclability, in addition to other interesting features such as shape memory and shape reconfigurability. It has been reported that structural changes taking place due to transesterification promote network rearrangement and an enhancement of the thermomechanical properties. However, the elevated temperatures required for the network reconfiguration cast some doubts on their applicability in real-life scenarios. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the thermal treatment on the thermomechanical properties and relaxation behavior of these materials and discuss the underlying mechanism explaining the observed changes. We identify some critical issues related to use of a monoacrylate containing <i>β</i>-hydroxyester moieties, and propose solutions to overcome the most relevant drawbacks. © 2023 The Authors. <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"280-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of garlic (Allium sativum) essential oil into cellulose acetate films: effect on the preservation of sliced cooked ham","authors":"Márcia Teixeira Bittencourt,&nbsp;Clara Suprani Marques,&nbsp;Tarsila Rodrigues Arruda,&nbsp;Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes,&nbsp;Paulo Rogério Fontes,&nbsp;Marali Vilela Dias,&nbsp;Taíla Veloso de Oliveira,&nbsp;Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares","doi":"10.1002/pi.6591","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Garlic essential oil (GEO) has been recognized as a natural antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of action that can be associated with polymeric sustainable matrices to provide active packaging capable of improving the preservation of ready-to-eat meat products. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cellulose acetate (CA) films incorporated with GEO on the growth of spoilage microbial groups (psychrotrophic (PSY) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB)) and physicochemical characteristics (pH, acidity index, color and index of thiobarbituric acid) of vacuum-packed cooked sliced ham. Four treatments were evaluated (no film, CA-film without GEO, CA-film with 1.5% of GEO and CA-film with 3% of GEO, applied as interfold packaging) over time (12 days). There was a significant reduction (<i>ca</i> 2.0 log cycle) in PSY and LAB growth when the active films were applied between the ham slices. Also, the lag phase of PSY was extended from around 2 to 6 days, which might positively impact the product's shelf life. However, the active films showed no significant effect on the food physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, the active CA-films incorporated with small amounts of GEO could be an interesting alternative to reduce the impact of microbial spoilage on sliced cooked ham. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of silanization on the characterization of Corchorus olitorius particle-based composites for sustainable applications","authors":"Vijay Kumar Mahakur,&nbsp;Sumit Bhowmik,&nbsp;Promod Kumar Patowari","doi":"10.1002/pi.6589","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6589","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers are actively working on developing a long-term substitute for harmful manmade fibres. Because of their unique qualities that fit diverse applications, natural fibres/fillers are proposed as sustainable reinforcements. Integrating natural fibres, such as <i>Corchorus olitorius</i> particles, into composites provides an environmentally conscious choice for a variety of purposes. This research aims to investigate the influence of silanization, a surface modification technique, on the various characterizations and characteristics of <i>Corchorus olitorius</i> particle-based composites. The characterizations included morphological, mechanical and thermal investigations to assess the influence of silanization on the characteristics of the composite. The contact layup process is applied to create composite samples by reinforcing multiple weight proportions of treated particles (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%) in epoxy resins. The findings demonstrate that silanization elevates the interfacial connectivity between <i>Corchorus olitorius</i> particles and the resins, which produces upgraded mechanical and thermal attributes. The composite containing 5 wt% particles generated the most significant tensile and flexural strength, with gains of about 45% and 31%, respectively, compared to the epoxy composite. Because of the higher interfacial connections of the molecules, the viscoelastic features of the composites indicated that the 7.5 wt% particle-based composite possesses the greatest storage modulus (2.96 GPa), loss modulus (0.4 GPa) and glass transition temperature (90 °C). This study emphasizes the significance of surface alteration procedures such as silanization for boosting the efficiency and long-term viability of composites containing <i>Corchorus olitorius</i> particles. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"73 4","pages":"270-279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible hydrogels comprised of collagen, chitosan and polyurethane with potential applications for wound healing and controlled drug release","authors":"Martín Caldera-Villalobos,&nbsp;Daniela G Ramos-Montañez,&nbsp;Denis A Cabrera-Munguía,&nbsp;Juan J Becerra-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes,&nbsp;Jesús A Claudio-Rizo","doi":"10.1002/pi.6590","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chitosan and collagen are two valuable biopolymers for the synthesis and design of biomaterials. In this work, we evaluate the effect of the concentration of chitosan on the physicochemical and biological properties of polyurethane-crosslinked collagen hydrogels. Chitosan was added with a proportion ranging from 0 to 40 wt%. Depending on the aminoglycoside content, semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi-IPNs) or completely IPNs were generated; this is attributed to the occlusion of the chitosan granules in the reticulated fibrillar matrix. The presence of chitosan in these hydrogels provides antibacterial capacity against pathogenic microorganisms such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, which is corroborated by inhibition halo experiments. Hydrogels with 40 wt% of chitosan only showed improvement in the gelation time and mechanical performance, indicating a dependent relation of these properties with respect to the aminopolysaccharide content. Hydrogels with 10 wt% of chitosan showed the best biomedical performance. They also have the highest reticulation, swelling capability and chemical stability against degradation events such as hydrolysis and proteolysis. Further, they have the best biocompatibility for human monocytes, and they stimulate the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Also, these hydrogels showed a controlled release of ketorolac at pH 7 and 37 °C. The results of these <i>in vitro</i> biological tests demonstrate the potential application of novel biopolymer-based hydrogels in chronic wound healing due to their antibacterial capacity and modulation of the biological response of specialized cells in dermal repair treatments, as well as for the design of smart materials for the controlled release of drugs. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":"74 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}