Polymer International最新文献

{"title":"Influence of fibre loading on the density, voids, dimensional resilience, tensile characteristics and thermomechanical behaviour of bamboo fibre and bio-epoxy composites","authors":"M. Chandrasekar,&nbsp;K. Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Hassan Fouad,&nbsp;Mohammad Jawaid,&nbsp;Mohamed Hashem,&nbsp;Ahmad Safwan Ismail,&nbsp;Naheed Saba,&nbsp;Ramzi Khiari","doi":"10.1002/pi.6608","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the influence of bamboo fibre loadings (30, 40, 50 and 60 wt%) on the physical, tensile and dimensional behaviour of short-bamboo-fibre-reinforced bio-epoxy matrix composites. Water absorption, thickness swelling, density, void content, tensile and thermomechanical analysis were determined. The findings indicated that higher fibre loading led to elevated water absorption and increased thickness swelling in bamboo fibre composites. The order of thickness swelling and water absorption behaviour was bio-epoxy &lt; B-30 &lt; B-40 &lt; B-50 &lt; B-60. Similarly, the measured density of composites increased with respect to fibre loading. However, the void content decreased when the fibre loading was &gt;40 wt%. Concerning tensile characteristics, it was observed that all composite materials displayed lower tensile strength compared to the bio-epoxy matrix. However, there was a notable enhancement in the elasticity of the composites. As an example, B-60 exhibited the highest Young's modulus at 7.33 GPa. The analysis of the fracture behaviour of tension-tested samples was conducted using images obtained from SEM. The coefficient of thermal expansion was increased drastically as fibre loading increased. This indicated that the dimensional change was higher. Thus, it is desirable to have lower fibre loading to obtain better dimensional stability under the influence of temperature. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes tailored with zirconium-based MOF-801 for water treatment applications","authors":"Laila Rameesha,&nbsp;Dipak Rana,&nbsp;Alagumalai Nagendran","doi":"10.1002/pi.6607","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Highly hydrophilic and antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes are developed with excellent permeation using a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF-801). MOF-801 is synthesized by a solvothermal method using zirconium(IV) oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl₂⋅8H₂O) and fumaric acid. The chemical functionality of MOF-801 is studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) whereas surface morphology and elemental composition are probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The PVDF/MOF-801 membranes are characterized in terms of FTIR, XRD, FESEM/EDX and atomic force microscopy. The performance of the hybrid PVDF/MOF-801 membranes in terms of pure water flux and antifouling ability is found to be improved compared with bare PVDF membranes. The wettability of the membranes is measured by water contact angle and found to be 76.7° for bare PVDF membrane, which decreases upon the addition of MOF-801 to 55.1° due to the increase in surface hydrophilicity. A notable increase in roughness of 226.29 nm and a porosity of 67.91% is observed for the addition of 2 wt% MOF-801 in PVDF membrane matrix. The flux recovery ratio of the hybrid membrane is increased from 66.4% to 89.6% and from 68.3% to 85.2% for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) separation, respectively. In addition, the reversible and irreversible fouling performance during the rejection of BSA (93%) and HA (88%) indicates the enhanced antifouling property of the PVDF/MOF-801 membranes. A zone of inhibition test evidences the outstanding antibiofouling activity of the PVDF/MOF-801 membranes against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>. Overall results demonstrated the suitability of hybrid PVDF/MOF-801 membranes for water and wastewater treatment. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional surfaces by plasma grafting of itaconic acid onto polypropylene mesh: synthesis and structural investigations","authors":"Vipula Sethi,&nbsp;Chetna Verma,&nbsp;Samrat Mukhopadhyay,&nbsp;Amlan Gupta,&nbsp;Bhuvanesh Gupta","doi":"10.1002/pi.6603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polypropylene (PP) is an unflinching element of biomaterials for human healthcare, leading to enormous possibilities for their functional development within a broad range of biocompatible and bioreceptive materials. Plasma grafting of itaconic acid was carried out on a PP surface by oxygen plasma activation. The variation of grafting parameters, such as monomer concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time, as a function of the degree of grafting was investigated. The graft distribution and surface homogeneity of the PP surfaces were evaluated using confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These surface characterizations led to information about the impact of grafts on the material surface. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138632806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry approaches to natural and synthetic melanin characterization","authors":"Addie R. Keating,&nbsp;Ali Dhinojwala,&nbsp;Chrys Wesdemiotis","doi":"10.1002/pi.6604","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6604","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Characterization of synthetic and natural melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) has been challenging due to the variability of properties and chemical bonding. Although eumelanin was the first to be discovered, four additional subcategories of melanin now exist including pheomelanin, neuromelanin, allomelanin and pyomelanin. Mass spectrometry (MS) methods have provided crucial insights into the bonding, structure, and mechanism regarding MNP formation, but inconsistent findings in the literature have caused further confusion in the analysis and structure of MNPs. This mini-review will focus on the types of MS experiments that have been used to analyze MNPs and what kind of information can be gained from different ionization sources, collisional activation experiments, and reaction monitoring quantitative methods when analyzing different subcategories of MNPs. Additionally, future directions regarding alternative applications of MNPs in MS experiments, mass defect analyses of complex mixtures, and a standardized nomenclature for isomeric redox states will all be addressed. © 2023 The Authors. <i>Polymer International</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pi.6604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric approaches to organic polymeric materials","authors":"Mark Rigel R Ali,&nbsp;Szeemaine D Tigno,&nbsp;Eugene B Caldona","doi":"10.1002/pi.6601","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Piezoelectricity refers to the ability of certain materials to generate electric charges when subjected to mechanical stress or strain, and vice versa. This phenomenon has been widely studied in inorganic materials, such as quartz and ceramics, and has found numerous applications in sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting. There has been a growing interest in piezoelectricity for polymeric materials that are lightweight, flexible, and highly processable for a wide range of applications, including sensors for environmental and biomedical monitoring, energy conversion from mechanical vibrations, and actuation in soft robotics. However, characterizing the piezoelectric tendency of polymeric materials tends to be a complex and challenging process, as the effect is often weak and dependent upon various factors including material structure, processing conditions, and measurement setup. While many past and current review articles have covered theories and principles associated with piezoelectric polymers to some extent, detailed information on the corresponding experimental techniques used to measure their piezoelectric properties remains limited. This mini-review paper aims to consolidate and summarize various approaches, including quasi-static methods, optical interferometry, dielectric spectroscopy, and piezoelectric force microscopy, and to provide insights into the principles, advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with these techniques. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordered nanoassemblies from self-assembly of amphiphilic molecule containing pillar[5]arene and azobenzene groups","authors":"Peng Liu,&nbsp;Yingying Deng,&nbsp;Jie Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Gou,&nbsp;Qingqing Han,&nbsp;Yi-Rong Pei,&nbsp;Long Yi Jin","doi":"10.1002/pi.6600","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6600","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The derivatization of pillar[<i>n</i>]arenes is a prerequisite for endowing them with functions, as well as enriching the application of pillar[<i>n</i>]arene materials in advanced material science. Herein, we report the self-assembly of amphiphilic rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene (<b>H</b>_<b>1</b>). One side of the pillar[5]arene is composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) chains, benzene and azobenzene groups connected with ether bonds, and the other side is composed of ethoxy groups. In CHCl₃ solvent, the amphiphile <b>H</b>_<b>1</b> self-assembled into spherical micelles, while in H₂O/THF mixed solvent <b>H</b>_<b>1</b> self-assembled into nanorod-like assemblies. Interestingly, addition of a guest molecule composed of tetraphenylethene and hexanenitrile groups (<b>G</b>_<b>1</b>) to the CHCl₃ solution of <b>H</b>_<b>1</b> produces large sheet aggregates via the strong <i>π</i>–<i>π</i> stacking of rod segments. The reversible transformation between the nanosheet assemblies of host–guest complexes and nanoparticles is achieved by addition of the guest molecule 1,4-butylamine (<b>G</b>_<b>2</b>) and pillar[5]arene with ethoxy groups as competitive molecules. Notably, worm-like and nanorod micelles of <b>H</b>_<b>1</b> were constructed in H₂O/THF solution triggered by light irradiation, which assemblies can be used as photosensitive erasable writing materials. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triazine-based mesoporous organic polymers as palladium supports: physicochemical properties, porosity and catalytic performance in Suzuki coupling reaction","authors":"Suha S Altarawneh,&nbsp;Jafar S Aldehasat,&nbsp;Taher S Ababneh,&nbsp;Andreas Seifert,&nbsp;Saddam Weheabby,&nbsp;Ahmed K Hijazi,&nbsp;Lo'ay A Al-Momani,&nbsp;Ibtesam Y Al-jaafreh","doi":"10.1002/pi.6599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article reports the preparation of new mesoporous triazine-based organic polymers and their characterization. The polymers were synthesized via a nucleophilic condensation reaction between cyanuric chloride and bisphenols or aromatic diamine linkers. As a result, two types of triazine-based polymers were prepared: triazine-ether and triazine-amine polymers. The polymers reveal a mesoporous nature with surface area values ranging between 345 and 1275 m² g⁻¹ and mesopore volume between 0.273 and 1.03 cm³ g⁻¹. These values were determined from argon gas isotherms at 87 K. The pore size distribution also confirmed the micro–mesoporosity, which reached up to 3.0 nm for all polymers. The triazine-amine polymer shows good thermal oxidative stability up to 450 °C. Motivated by the mesopore size, the new polymers were also employed as palladium nanoparticle supports. The X-ray diffraction technique indicated the successful incorporation of palladium nanoparticles, and Fourier transform infrared measurements proved that the framework of the polymers was retained after forming palladium supports. To ensure the catalytic reactivity of palladium nanoparticles, we employed one example as a catalyst in a Suzuki coupling reaction. The catalyst exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining catalytic efficiency through seven cycles, thereby enabling the use of palladium-loaded triazine-based polymeric catalysts in a variety of organic reactions in future. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, kinetic study and characterization of C5-dienes/styrene copolymers via living anionic polymerization in cyclopentyl methyl ether solvent","authors":"Yawen Fu,&nbsp;Shuai Yang,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Xiong,&nbsp;Zhuowei Gu,&nbsp;Qiqi Dai,&nbsp;Haoyun Tan,&nbsp;Le Zhou,&nbsp;Menghan Geng,&nbsp;Fengli Xie,&nbsp;Wen-jun Yi,&nbsp;Lijun Li,&nbsp;Kun Liu","doi":"10.1002/pi.6598","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>1,3-Dienes/styrene sequence-controlled copolymers are widely used as thermoplastic elastomers, transparent impact resin and synthetic rubber and other materials. In this work, the binary anionic copolymerization of styrene (<b>S</b>) and C5-dienes including 1,3-pentadiene (<b>P</b>, <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i> = 65/35) and isoprene (<b>I</b>) were studied in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) ‘green’ solvent using <i>n</i>-BuLi as initiator, and the effects of copolymerization monomer ratio and polar additive (PA) on the copolymerization kinetics and monomer sequence distributions were investigated. The kinetic analysis results showed that all copolymerization systems were the first-order reaction and the C5-dienes/<b>S</b> could be quantitatively consumed. The addition of <b>S</b> or <b>I</b> was conducive to the efficient conversion of <b>P</b>. Although the addition of PAs had little effect on the polymerization rate, it had a great influence on the microstructure and sequence distribution of the copolymer. ¹H NMR tracking analysis showed that, for <b>S/P</b> copolymerization with different feeding ratios 1/3 &lt; <i>f</i>_<b>P</b> &lt; 2/3, the instant composition <i>F</i>_<b>P</b> in the copolymer remained relatively constant at 15% &lt; <i>F</i>_<b>P</b> &lt; 35% when the monomer conversion rate was below 60%, and thus the inevitable formation of <b>P</b> microblocks in subsequent polymerization sequences was observed. Additionally, similar sequence distributions were obtained in the case of <b>I/P</b> copolymerization systems. By contrast, <b>S</b>/<b>I</b> copolymerization conformed to the typical random copolymerization pattern, and the copolymerization activity of <b>S</b> was slightly higher than that of the <b>I</b> in CPME. The use of strong PAs such as 2,2-di(2-tetrahydrofuran)propane directly resulted in a change of monomer sequence from a random pattern to a gradual block pattern. Moreover, the 3,4-isoprene branch units were much more sensitive to solvent and PA than 1,2-pentadiene units for C5-dienes; also Fourier transform infrared and DSC analysis verified the microstructure and sequence analysis results mentioned above. In addition, the results of gel permeation chromatography showed that the copolymerization process in CPME had excellent controllable characteristics. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A toughening indole-based epoxy film with efficient anti-counterfeiting properties driven by cation–π interaction","authors":"Qiaolin Tang,&nbsp;Lu Yuan,&nbsp;Ming Kang,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Qiang Yin,&nbsp;Guanjun Chang","doi":"10.1002/pi.6597","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A strong and tough indole-based epoxy film driven by cation–<i>π</i> interaction is designed, evading the trade-off between stiffness and extensibility in epoxy resins. The film with high strength, toughness and effective anti-counterfeiting properties induced by cation–<i>π</i> interaction is promising in the development of the fields of aerospace and electronic devices. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing acrylic latexes for pressure-sensitive adhesives: a review","authors":"Nicholas Ballard","doi":"10.1002/pi.6596","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pi.6596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are essential components of a large number of commercial products. The immense range of substrates that are required to be bonded, coupled with the challenging adhesive properties that are required in many applications, requires the development of PSAs with controllable structure. In this review, the development of acrylic latexes for use in PSA applications is discussed, with a particular emphasis on how to adjust the synthetic process to control adhesive properties. Following a general introduction to PSAs, a brief overview of the fundamental rheological properties that control adhesive behavior is given. Subsequently, routes to improve PSA performance through controlling the polymerization process are described. Finally, more complex systems that involve structured latexes and multiphase hybrids are detailed. The review concludes with a summary of future challenges for the field. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20404,"journal":{"name":"Polymer International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}