Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the role of cadaverine in mitigating salinity and/or Bisphenol A toxicity in tomato plants and reduced Bisphenol A accumulation in tomato roots","authors":"Mahmoud S. Abdelmoneim ,&nbsp;Mona F.A. Dawood ,&nbsp;Elsayed E. Hafez ,&nbsp;Sherif F. Hammad ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Ghazy","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating the co-existence of environmental stresses on crop plants necessitates the development of integrated, eco-friendly, and sustainable approaches to alleviate plant stress responses. This study represents the first attempt to mitigate the toxic impact of prevalent pollutant (salinity) and an emergent plastic manufacturing pollutants (bisphenol A, BPA) using the polyamine (cadaverine).Tomato plants, treated with or without cadaverine, were subjected to NaCl salinity (120 mM), BPA (375 mg kg⁻¹ soil), and their combinations compared to non-stressed control plants examining morphological, physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses. After 10 days of transplanting, tomato plants under combined stress were unable to survive without cadaverine application. However, cadaverine spraying mitigated the damaging effects of both single and combined stresses under short- and long-term exposure, enabling stressed plants to endure the conditions and complete their life cycles. Cadaverine efficiently restrained the reduction in chlorophylls, carotenoids, and cytosolutes under applied stresses compared to the stressed plants. Cadaverine also increased α-tocopherol content (by 171 and 53 %) and enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase (by 26 and 32 %), glutathione s-transferases (by 18 and 39 %), superoxide dismutase (by 23 and 46 %), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (by 9 and 25 %), under BPA and salinity stress, respectively. Thus, cadaverine ameliorated the oxidative and nitrosative burst induced by BPA or salinity, respectively by declining hydroxyl radical (by 28 % and 20 %), superoxide anion (by 73 % and 74 %), nitric oxide (by 60 and 65 %), lipid peroxidation (by 35 % and 54 %), and lipoxygenase activity (by 74 and 68 %). Moreover, cadaverine enhanced the expression of defence-related genes, including polyphenol oxidase, tubulin, and thaumatin-like protein, and reduced the uptake of BPA in the tomato's roots while promoting its metabolism in leaves and fruits. This ensured the safety of the harvested fruits. By mitigating stress, improving plant resilience, and limiting pollutant accumulation, cadaverine presents significant potential for sustainable agricultural practices and food safety. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of cadaverine in managing abiotic stress and safeguarding crop health in environmentally challenging conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abscisic acid, stress andripening (ASR) proteins play a role in iron homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Lucas Roani Ponte ,&nbsp;Jover da Silva Alves ,&nbsp;Yugo Lima-Melo ,&nbsp;Paloma Koprovski Menguer ,&nbsp;Hadrien Georges Boulanger ,&nbsp;Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl ,&nbsp;Cristiane Paula Gomes Calixto ,&nbsp;Márcia Margis-Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) is essential for plant growth, playing a key role in photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. Despite its abundance, Fe is not easily available for uptake by roots, making Fe deficiency a common issue that reduces crop yields. The ASR (Abscisic acid/Stress/Ripening) proteins are known to be responsive to different abiotic stresses. Two ASR proteins from rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.), OsASR1 and OsASR5, were described as transcription factors involved in aluminum (Al) toxicity response, and were shown to be partially redundant in their function. Here we explored a possible role of ASR proteins in Fe deficiency in rice plants. We showed that rice plants silenced for ASR genes (named OsASR5-RNAi) had increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency, with early and more severe chlorosis, as well as reduced photosynthesis, stunted growth, reduced seed set and altered ionome in roots, leaves and seeds. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that roots of OsASR5-RNAi plants had similar expression of Fe uptake genes, such as <em>OsIRT1</em> and <em>OsYSL15</em>. However, long distance phloem transporter <em>OsYSL2</em> was up-regulated in OsASR5-RNAi roots to a larger extent compared to WT, suggesting ASR proteins negatively regulate <em>OsYSL2</em> expression. We also identified other interesting candidate genes, such as <em>OsZIFL2</em> and <em>Thionins</em>, that are dependent on ASR proteins for regulation under Fe deficiency. Our work demonstrated that OsASR proteins are important for proper Fe deficiency response in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109882"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Light Sonata: Dynamic variation of red:blue ratio during the photoperiod differentially affects leaf photosynthesis, pigments, and growth in lettuce","authors":"Jordan B. Van Brenk ,&nbsp;Kimberly R. Vanderwolk ,&nbsp;Sumin Seo ,&nbsp;Young Hae Choi ,&nbsp;Leo FM. Marcelis ,&nbsp;Julian C. Verdonk","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical farming (VF) has unparalleled capacity to highly customize plant growth environments. In VF, red and blue LED lights are predominantly used as the two main wavelengths for photosynthesis. For many plants, red light increases biomass, and blue light can increase nutritional content. Because red light is more cost- and energy-efficient to produce than blue light, refined growth recipes are imperative to mutualistically improve efficiency with crop yield and quality. This study's aim was to balance lighting energy-use with growth and nutritional quality by using “dynamic lighting” recipes to reduce durations of high-intensity blue light. Lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.) was grown for 21 days at 220 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, receiving one of five R:B ratios (R:B_100:0, R:B_95:5, R:B_89:11, R:B_50:50, and R:B_0:100) for either the whole 18-h photoperiod (Whole Day), the first 6 h of the photoperiod (Morning), or the last 6 h of the photoperiod (Evening). Morning and Evening treatments received low blue (R:B_89:11) for the remaining 12 h of the day. The Morning and Evening high blue treatments had greater fresh weight and leaf area than their respective Whole Day treatments, attributed to reduced instantaneous leaf photosynthesis under high blue. High blue reduced photosynthesis during only the 6 h of Morning and Evening treatments, compared to the full impact of static high blue for 18-h Whole Day treatments. Intriguingly, with only 6 h of R:B_0:100, Morning and Evening treatments had the same high anthocyanin content as lettuce grown for 18 h under R:B_0:100. Therefore, daily blue light fraction can be reduced by using dynamic treatments to more efficiently promote growth and nutritional quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular Mn mobility and differential response to H2O2 accumulation explain the susceptibility of litchi cultivars to dark pericarp disease","authors":"Liu Huilin ,&nbsp;Huang Yinghui ,&nbsp;Zhang Jianbin ,&nbsp;Liu Silin ,&nbsp;Su Xuexia ,&nbsp;Bai Cuihua ,&nbsp;Yao Lixian","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dark pericarp disease (DPD) in litchi is a physiological disease caused by excess manganese (Mn) in pericarp, impacting fruit appearance and marketability and leading to substantial economic loss. The susceptibility of litchi varieties to DPD differs greatly, but the underlying mechanisms remain vague. In this study, we investigated the discrepancies in physiological and biochemical processes in pericarp of two varieties (Feizixiao and Heiye) resistant to DPD and a susceptible cultivar (Guiwei) during fruit development from the same orchard. Pericarp Mn in Guiwei was significantly lower than that in Feizixiao and slightly higher than that in Heiye through fruit growth. Under Mn stress, Feizixiao and Heiye maintained ROS homeostasis, whereas substantial H₂O₂ accumulated in Guiwei. Reduced anthocyanins and soluble sugars and increased lignin were observed in diseased Guiwei compared to Feizixiao and Heiye. The expression of genes encoding Mn transporters, light-harvesting antenna complex, ROS scavenging proteins and enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis was downregulated, whereas that of genes functioning in H₂O₂ production and lignin synthesis was upregulated in Guiwei, and that of genes involved in glucose metabolism was altered, suggesting that Mn was poorly transported and sequestrated within Guiwei pericarp cells, and excess Mn boosted H₂O₂ overproduction. The inhibited anthocyanin synthesis, enhanced lignin accumulation and tuned sugar metabolism conferred Guiwei adaptability to Mn stress. Conclusively, the poor Mn intracellular transferability and variations in response to H₂O₂ accumulation associated with disturbed photosynthetic energy deliver under excess Mn, are collaboratively responsible for the cultivar-dependent DPD vulnerability in litchi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium application alleviates the drought-induced reduction in photoassimilates synthesis and distribution within the middle and upper fruiting branches, enhancing subtending cotton boll weight","authors":"Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuyao Wang ,&nbsp;Chenli Guo ,&nbsp;Manli Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongbin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Nan Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuanshan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought significantly reduces cotton boll yields across various fruiting branches (FBs). Potassium (K) application can partially mitigate the drought-induced damage by modifying the biosynthesis of photoassimilates in the leaf subtending to cotton boll (LSCB) and facilitating their transport to the subtending bolls, although its effects vary among FBs. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, potting experiments were conducted at three soil relative water content (SRWC): 75 ± 5 % (W75), 60 ± 5 % (W60), and 45 ± 5 % (W45), along with K rates of 0 (K0), 150 (K150) and 300 (K300) kg K₂O ha⁻¹. Compared to W75, the W60 and W45 treatments reduced the photosynthesis of LSCBs in different FBs, adversely affecting carbohydrate accumulation in the subtending cotton bolls. K application can mitigate this negative impact, with the most pronounced effects observed in the middle and upper FBs. K application (K150 and K300) enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, maximum mass yield of PSII and chlorophyll content of LSCB in the middle and upper FBs compared to K0 under drought conditions. Additionally, K application significantly increased K content in LSCBs within the middle and upper FBs, which in turn elevated sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities, reducing the conversion of sucrose into starch, ultimately facilitating carbohydrate exports to the subtending bolls. In summary, we propose a model that elucidates how K application mitigates drought damage by enhancing the exports of photoassimilates from the middle and upper FBs to their respective subtending cotton bolls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates stored in the capsule wall can mitigate cotton fiber strength damage caused by harvest aids","authors":"Qipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Taofen Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoyuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jingkun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yali Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingwei Du ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Ling Gou ,&nbsp;Jingshan Tian ,&nbsp;Wangfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remobilization of stored assimilates in the capsule wall following the application of harvest aids significantly contributes to boll weight formation. However, the impact of remobilized non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) from the capsule wall on fiber strength development remains unclear. In this study, conducted during the late growth stage of cotton, we investigated how the remobilization of NSC in the capsule wall affects fiber sucrose metabolism and fiber strength after applying harvest aids. Our results indicate that within 1–7 days post-applying, starch enzyme activity in the capsule wall increased by 2.78–14.78 %, leading to enhanced remobilization of stored NSC for fiber development. This maintained a cellulose accumulation rate of 5.17−2.73 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹, ensuring a fiber strength increase of 0.16–0.26 cN tex⁻¹ d⁻¹. By the time of boll opening, fiber strength had increased by 2.37–2.50 cN tex⁻¹ compared to pre-application. Specifically, for every 0.1 g of NSC remobilized from the capsule wall, fiber strength increased by 1.13–1.15 cN tex⁻¹. These findings suggest that the remobilization of stored assimilates in the capsule wall supports sustained cellulose accumulation, thereby mitigating potential damage to fiber strength caused by harvest aids. Therefore, enhancing amylase activity in the capsule wall to promote NSC remobilization is an effective strategy for improving fiber strength under harvest aid application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating analysis of nutrient elements, endogenous phytohormones, and transcriptomics reveals factors influencing variation of growth in height in Pinus yunnanensis Franch","authors":"Zhuangyue Lu ,&nbsp;Zixing Pan ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Shi Chen ,&nbsp;Junrong Tang ,&nbsp;Nianhui Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wang ,&nbsp;Yulan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pinus yunnanensis</em> Franch., a vital forest resource in southwestern China, significantly impacting ecosystem stability and biodiversity. Variation of growth in height, a crucial trait for tree development, affects both yield and plant structure. Understanding this variation can enhance forest productivity and improve afforestation success. Although substantial differences in height growth are observed during the seedling stage of <em>P.</em> <em>yunnanensis</em>, the molecular mechanisms governing this variation remain unclear. In this study, more than 1900 <em>P. yunnanensis</em> seedlings in a homogenous garden were classified into three grades (I &gt; II &gt; III) using the mean ± ½ standard deviation method. The aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying variation of growth in height during the rapid growth phase by analyzing phenotypic traits, nutrient elements, transcriptomics, and endogenous phytohormones. Results from the homogenous garden experiment revealed that the plant height and ground diameter growth of <em>P. yunnanensis</em> seedlings exhibited an S-shaped growth rhythm. The average nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratio across organs was 3.97, indicating that nitrogen is the primary growth-limiting factor, with phosphorus also contributing to the limitation. Variations in nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios were found to significantly influence seedling height. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted significant enrichment in pathways including phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. A total of 22 endogenous phytohormones and metabolites were identified. The levels of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), GA7 (gibberellin A7), and ABA (abscisic acid) followed the pattern: Grade I &gt; Grade II &gt; Grade III seedlings. Simultaneously, several candidate genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction were identified, including <strong><em>GH3</em></strong>, <strong><em>CYCD3</em></strong>, <strong><em>GID1</em>, and others</strong>. These genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathways of auxins, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins, suggesting their role in regulating phytohormone levels and seedling height growth. This study provides comprehensive insights into variation of growth in height, laying the foundation for genetic improvement and effective cultivation of <em>P. yunnanensis</em> seedlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109866"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nano-calcium L-Aspartate enhances rice tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving nitrogen metabolism, cell wall sequestration, and antioxidant system”","authors":"Muhammad Riaz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran ,&nbsp;Saddam Hussain ,&nbsp;Lei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is one of the major sources of human exposure to arsenic (As), and its contamination is a critical issue for crop productivity and human health. Herein, we investigated how nano-calcium L-aspartate (nano-Ca) nanoparticles alleviate As-induced toxicity in rice (<em>Oryzae sativa</em> L.) seedlings. The results showed that As stress restricted rice growth and increased the concentration of As in roots and shoots. Application of nano-Ca markedly improved seedling growth, including biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. As a result, Nano-Ca decreased As concentrations in shoots and roots by 67.04 % and 22.78 %, respectively, primarily due to the increasing accumulation of As in pectin and hemicellulose. Furthermore, nano-Ca elevated the activity of nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes. The treatment also promoted demethylation of pectin, which enhanced its As-binding capability. Additionally, nano-Ca enhanced proline metabolism, also provided antioxidant defenses, and regulated calcium homeostasis, which help mitigate oxidative damage characteristics like malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxidation. As these findings demonstrated, nano-Ca could be an efficient, friendly means of alleviating As toxicity in rice, offering an environmentally sustainable option for agricultural strategies in the arsenic-contaminated areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous overexpression of the Suaeda glauca stress-associated protein (SAP) family genes enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic lines","authors":"Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Yining Wang ,&nbsp;Chunyin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Ma ,&nbsp;Jin Sun ,&nbsp;Lulu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Niu ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Zheng ,&nbsp;Lichen Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Qin ,&nbsp;Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress-associated proteins (SAPs), characterized by zinc finger domains, play a crucial role in regulating plant responses to various stresses. These proteins modulate stress-related gene expression and are integral to enhancing plant immunity, development, cell proliferation, and hormone regulation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the SAP gene family in <em>Suaeda glauca</em> (<em>S. glauca</em>), identifying 15 SAP genes encoding A20/AN1 zinc finger proteins. Functional analyses of three candidate genes under salinity stress were performed, examining phenotypic and physiological responses to better understand their role in stress tolerance. Sequence alignment, conserved domain analysis, and gene structure analysis revealed high conservation among <em>S. glauca</em> SAPs. Phylogenetic analysis identified two major groups within the gene family, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships. Transcription profiling analysis demonstrated significant expression of most SAP genes in response to salt stress, with qPCR validation confirming the upregulation of specific genes. Notably, transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> lines heterologously overexpressing the candidate genes <em>SgSAP4</em>, <em>SgSAP5</em>, and <em>SgSAP7</em> demonstrated enhanced tolerance to salinity stress. This was evident from improved seed germination, root elongation, and reduced levels of stress markers, including malondialdehyde and free proline, compared to wild-type plants. These findings highlight the potential of these SAP genes in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109868"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cadmium toxicity to Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) by modulating glutathione synthesis and cadmium adsorption capacity in the cell wall","authors":"Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Shengyan Chen ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Ning,&nbsp;Xingyu Ni,&nbsp;Liran Yue,&nbsp;Miao He","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination leads to plant toxicity and poses a risk to human health both directly and indirectly through the food chain. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a novel gaseous signaling molecule, has been shown to enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. In this study, the potential of H₂S in mitigating Cd toxicity in chrysanthemum (<em>Chrysanthemum indicum</em>) was investigated through physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses. Results showed that the application of exogenous H₂S resulted Cd accumulation in the roots by 21.15%, while reducing Cd in the aboveground parts by 13.21%. It was further found that H₂S increased the pectin and hemicellulose content by 50.09% and 49.79%, respectively, through the regulation of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis-related genes, leading to changes in root functional group content and cell wall adsorption capacity for cadmium ions (Cd²⁺). Additionally, H₂S also promoted the synthesis of GSH and PCs by regulating the expression of genes related to sulfur metabolism, chelating free Cd²⁺ in the cytoplasm, and reducing their harmful effects on the organelles. It was also found that exogenous H₂S may have regulated the expression of transporter proteins by modulating the expression of transcription factors (MYB, AP2/ERF, and WRKY), thereby affecting the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd²⁺. In conclusion, exogenous H₂S reduced the free Cd²⁺ content in the cytoplasm by promoting the adsorption of Cd²⁺ in the root cell walls and facilitating the synthesis of GSH and PCs in the cells, which in turn alleviated the toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on chrysanthemum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109860"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}