Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Whole-tree dormancy dynamics in peach: Carbohydrate reservoirs and crosstalk with hormones and fatty acids","authors":"Khalil R. Jahed,&nbsp;Sherif M. Sherif","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dormancy is a crucial regulatory mechanism in perennial plants, safeguarding against cold winter stress and influencing subsequent reproductive success. While previous research has primarily focused on vegetative and floral buds during the dormancy-regrowth cycle—often overlooking the potential contributions of other plant compartments—this study adopts a whole-tree perspective. Utilizing four-year-old, root-bagged peach (<em>Prunus persica</em>) trees (cv. ‘John Boy’) we investigated dormancy progression by analyzing carbohydrate metabolism in different tissues in relation to accumulated chilling units (CU) and growing degree hours (GDH). Our findings revealed that roots maintained the highest starch reserves during endodormancy, yet their soluble sugar accumulation appeared largely independent of local starch hydrolysis, suggesting translocation from aerial tissues (e.g., stems and branches). Starch catabolism in the aerial tissues likely provides soluble sugars to roots, which in turn sustain metabolic activity and contributes to dormancy release in buds. As dormancy advanced, soluble sugars were progressively redistributed, reaching peak levels in roots at the onset of ecodormancy and achieving a more uniform distribution across tissues during ecodormancy. A sharp surge in floral bud sugars towards budbreak, without a corresponding depletion of starch, suggests enhanced carbohydrate uptake capacity preceding budbreak. Transcriptomic analysis of roots revealed that genes positively correlated with starch content were enriched in fatty acid metabolism pathways, while those associated with soluble sugar accumulation were predominantly enriched in hormone signaling pathways and carbohydrate metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable-isotope-assisted metabolomics enables the study of (a)biotic stress-related metabolism of tyrosine compared to phenylalanine in wheat","authors":"Tomas Rypar ,&nbsp;Samuele Risoli ,&nbsp;Maria Doppler ,&nbsp;Christoph Bueschl ,&nbsp;Bernhard Seidl ,&nbsp;Alexandra Parich ,&nbsp;Gerhard Adam ,&nbsp;Rainer Schuhmacher","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the role of the previously little-studied tyrosine (Tyr), we have used stable isotope-assisted metabolomics to compare its metabolism to the well-studied phenylalanine (Phe) in wheat. Flowering wheat ears were treated either with ¹³C₉-Phe or ¹³C₉-Tyr as metabolic tracers under both control and stress conditions (addition of 0.2 mg per ear of the <em>Fusarium</em> mycotoxin and virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON)). Overall, 115 Phe- and Tyr-derived wheat metabolites were detected. For ¹³C₉-Tyr, the overall uptake and metabolization of the initially applied tracers (0.5 mg each) was about 40 % compared to 80 % of Phe, and 48 downstream metabolites were shared between both tracers. About one-third of the detected metabolites were found to be significantly induced by DON treatment (DON+). Those belonged to the classes of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), HCA-amides, -glycosides, -quinates and lignans, suggesting their role as precursors for cell wall reinforcement and antifungal compounds. Evaluation of ¹³C isotopolog signals revealed that Tyr was incorporated into common downstream metabolites at a rate of approximately 1/6 (mock) and 1/4 (DON) of that compared to Phe. Tyr incorporation was induced upon DON stress compared to control conditions, whereas Phe showed indifferent median incorporation rates. This study highlights the added value and complementarity of using labeled Tyr and Phe as tracers in isotope-assisted metabolomics to improve annotation confidence and biological interpretation of plant metabolic responses to stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early stage morphological, biochemical, and anatomical compatibility of apricot (Hacihaliloğlu) with Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Rootstock candidates","authors":"Kubra Korkmaz ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Bolat ,&nbsp;Metin Turan ,&nbsp;Ozkan Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introducing new rootstocks requires understanding compatibility reactions to assess the risk of weak unions, providing nursery and fruit growers with essential information before market release. Therefore, this study evaluated the graft compatibility of Hacıhaliloğlu apricot with thirteen plum rootstock candidates and Myrobalan 29C (control), investigating compatibility through various growth, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical parameters. Based on the results, Myrobalan 29C (MYRO29C) developed the tallest plants, with the largest rootstock diameter and highest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), while 63B61 remained the shortest and recorded the lowest values. Among the rootstocks, 63B69 had the largest leaf area, while 63B43 and 63B72 showed the smallest. Grafting success varied, with H/63B11 achieving the highest success rate, and H/63B72 the lowest. Morphological assessments indicated that H/MYRO29C produced the tallest grafted plants, while H/63B76 resulted in the shortest. Despite these differences, all graft combinations showed successful tissue integration, categorized as “highly compatible” or “compatible.” Chlorophyll content increased in H/63B11 and H/63B14, while other combinations exhibited a general decline. MYRO29C and H/MYRO29C showed the highest normalized difference vegetation ındex (NDVI) and stomatal conductance. Biochemical analysis revealed significant differences in starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose content, with H/63B33 exhibiting the highest peroxidase activity. Cluster analysis identified MYRO29C, 63B11, 63B14, 63B33, 63H66 and 63H69 as the most promising rootstock candidates. The results of this study highlight 63B11, 63B14, 63B33, 63H66 and 63H69 as the most promising rootstock candidates, with the potential to serve as alternatives to Myrobalan29C for enhancing apricot growth and physiological responses, providing valuable insights for improving apricot production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and expression profiling of DREB genes in Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) reveals their role in abiotic stress adaptation","authors":"Jianxiang Liang ,&nbsp;Linying Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Jiang Lu ,&nbsp;Wenjia Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ma bamboo (<em>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</em> Munro) is a key giant bamboo in South Asia, highly sensitive to abiotic stresses. Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) are an important gene family involved in plant growth, metabolic regulation, and environmental responses. Although the roles of DREB TFs in plant growth, metabolic regulation, and environmental responses are well studied, little is known in Ma bamboo. To address this gap, we systematically identified and functuonally predicted <em>DREB</em> genes in Ma bamboo, with emphasis on their potential involvement in stress response mechanisms. Through genome-wide analysis, 42 <em>DlDREBs</em> distributed across 6 subfamilies were identified. Integrative analyses encompassin <em>cis</em>-element, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and gene ontology (GO) annotations revealed their putative roles in developmental processes, metabolic modulation, and stress adaptation. RT-qPCR profiling demonstrated that eight <em>DlDREBs</em> exhibit distinct and stress-specific expression patterns under cold, salt, and drought treatments, underscoring their pivotal contributions to abiotic stress resilience. Three candidate genes (<em>DREB9-A</em>, <em>DREB10-B</em>, and <em>DREB12-C</em>) were prioritized for functional validation. Subsequent cloning, sequence characterization, subcellular localization analysis, and DNA binding assays confirmed their regulatory potential. Notably, DREB10-B, and DREB12-C were found to directly bind the promoter of <em>GA2ox7</em>, a key gene implicated in abiotic stress signaling, suggesting their mechanistic role in stress-responsive pathways. Furthermore, transient transformation assays in tobacco and yeast transformation experiments demonstrated that overexpression of <em>DREB10-B</em> and <em>DREB12-C</em> may enhance plant stress tolerance. In summary, this study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the abiotic stress responses of the <em>DREB</em> gene family in Ma bamboo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ethylene-insensitive tomato mutant Never ripe exhibits enhanced growth and phosphorus use efficiency under phosphorus stress","authors":"Beatriz C.O.Q. Souza ,&nbsp;Eduarda S. Andrade ,&nbsp;Clara C. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Rayssa P.S.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Lucas C. Costa ,&nbsp;Yemane Tsehaye ,&nbsp;Maria Lígia S. Silva ,&nbsp;Wagner L. Araújo ,&nbsp;Paulo E.R. Marchiori ,&nbsp;Vitor L. Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required as a structural and functional component of biomolecules; P homeostasis interacts with phytohormone signaling pathways, such as ethylene, leading to responses in plant growth and development. Tomato plants (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) have been used as a model for physiological and biochemical studies, and the ethylene-insensitive mutant <em>Never ripe</em> (<em>Nr</em>) is useful for understanding how ethylene interferes and coordinates biological processes, including responses to nutritional stresses with P. Here we aimed to evaluate how the <em>Nr</em> plants respond to P stresses (absence – no P - and excess – 2× P), to understand how the crosstalk between ethylene signaling and P homeostasis works. For this, tomato plants of the wild type (WT) and <em>Nr</em> genotypes were submitted to fertigation with an adapted Hoagland solution in growth room conditions, two factors in a factorial arrangement, distributed in six treatments, two (genotypes) x three (P levels): (<em>i</em>) WT in P absence; (<em>ii</em>) WT in control; (<em>iii</em>) WT in P excess; (<em>iv</em>) <em>Nr</em> in P absence; (<em>v</em>) <em>Nr</em> in control; and (<em>vi</em>) <em>Nr</em> in P excess. Plant growth and yield, photosynthetic, biochemical, and nutritional parameters were quantified. The highest values of the biometric parameters were found mostly in <em>Nr</em> in all treatments, and fruit production was affected, being higher in the mutant than in WT in the P absence. Some photosynthetic parameters, such as CO₂ assimilation and stomatal conductance, were higher in P absence for both genotypes. <em>Nr</em> plants showed lower levels of carbohydrates, increased amino acids and proteins, and better both P accumulation and efficiency. <em>Nr</em> plants also demonstrated higher vigor when exposed to P stresses, as verified by their highest biometric attributes. Increased levels of nitrogen compounds in <em>Nr</em>, especially proline, indicate that these plants have an intrinsic ability to accumulate these substances, might using them to better osmoregulate and resist P stress. These results demonstrate that ethylene perception plays an essential role in the signaling of P stresses, with the insensitive plants presenting a mitigation of the stress effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diethylaminoethyl octanoate citrate alleviates low temperature stress in wheat seedlings by modulating antioxidative responses","authors":"Guoquan Wang ,&nbsp;Panpan Lu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Li ,&nbsp;Liwei Fei ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Li ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Runqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature stress (LTS) is a common abiotic stress that can seriously hinder the growth and development of wheat plants, and which in severe cases may result in crop failure and threaten local food security. The current study used a hydroponic approach to explore the effect of the plant growth regulator (PGR) diethylaminoethyl octanoate citrate (DA-8 citrate) on the morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as key stress markers in wheat seedlings exposed to LTS. The results reconfirmed the growth promoting effects of DA-8 citrate in the absence of stress (25 °C/20 °C day/night), and found that seed-treatment with DA-8 citrate was able to alleviate the growth inhibition resulting from LTS (2 °C/0 °C day/night), and even promote root growth at the optimal concentration of 30 mg.L⁻¹. The treated seedlings were found to have elevated levels of chlorophyll, which likely contributed to their enhanced growth. Meanwhile, treatment with DA-8 citrate was also found to mitigate osmotic stress and reduce oxidative damage resulting from exposure to low temperature, as the optimal dose promoted the accumulation of soluble proline and sugar to combat osmotic stress, and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a key marker for lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage, to levels similar to those observed in plants not subject to LTS. Furthermore, it was also noted that the activity of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was increased in the seedling treated with the optimal dose of DA-8 citrate, which was likely the cause of the reduced MDA content of their leaves. Taken together, these results indicate that DA-8 citrate has great potential as a PGR that can alleviate the symptoms of LTS in wheat, not only promoting growth via elevated chlorophyll levels, but also by increasing resilience to osmotic and oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing drought resilience in Brassica campestris: Antioxidant and physiological benefits of Ascophyllum nodosum extract and alginic acid","authors":"Mirza Hasanuzzaman ,&nbsp;Samiha Rummana ,&nbsp;Faomida Sinthi ,&nbsp;Samiul Alam ,&nbsp;Md Rakib Hossain Raihan ,&nbsp;Md Mahabub Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change is the reason behind extreme dry weather, which is the primary factor behind reduced crop growth and yield. To mitigate the detrimental effect of drought, biostimulants like <em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em> extract (ANE) and alginic acid (AA) are increasingly used, as they have demonstrated growth-promoting effects on plant. This study was designed to delve into the role of ANE and AA on drought affected rapeseed (<em>Brassica campestris</em> cv. BARI Sarisha-17). Moreover, the study gives a comparative illustration of ANE and one of its principal polysaccharide components AA and explores AA's ability to mimic or surpass the effects of the complete extract. Drought was applied from 15 days after sowing (DAS) by keeping soil moisture level at 25 % field capacity. The control plants were irrigated as per requirement with water. Foliar spraying of ANE (0.02 %) and AA (0.02 %) were initiated after plant establishment. Data on different morphophysiological and biochemical parameters were collected at 35 DAS. Water deficit condition reduced plant growth, biomass accumulation, water balance and chlorophyll pigments. It notably increased oxidative damage by increasing lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, proline content, electrolyte leakage, and disrupting glyoxalase system which elevated reactive oxygen species in plants by suppressing antioxidants enzyme activities. Conversely, application of ANE and AA substantially alleviated the detrimental consequences of drought stress with AA being slightly more effective than ANE, by uplifting water balance and redox levels of ascorbate and glutathione. The activities of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase pathway enzymes were also enhanced by exogenous ANE and AA. Both ANE and AA enhanced drought tolerance but it was observed that foliar spraying of AA performed better by reducing oxidative damage and improving antioxidant enzyme activities over plants treated with ANE. These improvements play a crucial role in strengthening rapeseed's resistance to drought conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 110198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat transcription factor TaSIP1 participates in plant response to osmotic stress and abscisic acid","authors":"Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Liu ,&nbsp;Mengdan Li,&nbsp;Yuru Fu,&nbsp;Donghua Chen,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Guangmin Xia,&nbsp;Mei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental stresses, including drought and high salinity, induce osmotic stress that severely impairs plant growth and agricultural productivity. TaSIP1, a membrane-associated NAC transcription factor interacting with TaSRO1 (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> Similar to RCD-one 1), participates in salinity responses through mitochondria retrograde signaling. Here, we report a critical role of TaSIP1 in osmotic stress as well as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in wheat and Arabidopsis (<em>Arabidopsis thaliana)</em>. <em>TaSIP1</em> was downregulated by polyethylene glyco (PEG), dehydration and ABA. <em>TaSIP1</em> overexpression in both wheat and Arabidopsis exhibited hypersensitivity to osmotic stress and ABA during early seedling growth, whereas RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown wheat lines displayed the opposite phenotype. In the presence of ABA or osmotic stress, the transcript levels of ABA biosynthesis and signaling related genes increased in <em>TaSIP</em>-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants. TaSIP1 activated the transcription of <em>ABA Deficient 2</em> (<em>ABA2</em>), <em>ABA3</em>, <em>Sucrose Non-fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase 2.2</em> (<em>SnRK2.2</em>) and <em>ABA Insensitive 5</em> (<em>ABI5</em>) genes in Aradidopsis, and TaSRO1 attenuated the transactivation activity of TaSIP1. Notably, <em>TaSIP1</em>-overexpressing transgenic Aradidopsis plants showed reduced cellular ABA levels and downregulated stress-responsive gene expression. These findings establish <em>TaSIP1</em> as a key regulator of osmotic stress responses, acting through the modulation of ABA signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Enterobacter ludwigii S15 mitigates cadmium accumulation and promotes tobacco growth via polyamine biosynthesis and metal transporter regulation","authors":"Xinyi Su ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Mathiyazhagan Narayanan ,&nbsp;Ying Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing cadmium (Cd) uptake in tobacco is critical for crop safety and human health. While heavy metal (HM)-immobilizing bacteria have been widely studied, the specific mechanisms by which exogenous endophytic bacteria regulate tobacco growth and Cd homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we isolated <em>Enterobacter ludwigii</em> S15 from maize roots in Cd-contaminated soil and identified its strong Cd-immobilizing capacity and plant growth-promoting traits. In pot experiments with 3 and 5 mg kg⁻¹ Cd, S15 colonization significantly enhanced tobacco growth by reducing Cd uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, modifying subcellular Cd compartmentalization, and increasing photosynthetic pigment content. Moreover, S15 downregulated the expression of key Cd transporter genes (<em>NtZIP1, NtZIP2, NtZIP4, NtNRAMP3</em>), enhanced Cd tolerance by modulating antioxidant enzyme activities, promoted soluble sugar accumulation, and upregulated polyamine biosynthesis genes (<em>ADC, SAMDC, SPD synt</em>). Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanistic basis by which <em>E. ludwigii</em> S15 alleviates Cd stress and promotes plant growth, highlighting its potential as an effective biotechnological agent for mitigating Cd accumulation in tobacco cultivated on contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 110200"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhododendron agastum flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase Ra3GT2 contributes to salt and drought stress tolerance through modulating anthocyanin synthesis","authors":"Shasha Luo ,&nbsp;Hefeng Shu ,&nbsp;Yajie Miao ,&nbsp;Shiyu Sun ,&nbsp;Ximin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yin Yi ,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavonoid 3-<em>O</em>-glycosyltransferases (3GTs), in charge of transferring UDP-sugars to 3-OH position of small substrates, control a variety of metabolic processes in plants. Extensive research about 3GTs has been centered in model plants, but little in <em>Rhododendron</em>. Here, three <em>3</em><em>GT</em> genes (<em>Ra3GT1-3</em>) were isolated from <em>R. agastum</em> flowers. Based on analyses of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree, only <em>Ra3GT2</em> had the full-length ORF and was grouped into the set of flavonoid 3-<em>O</em>-glycosyltransferase, so it was selected for further characterization. <em>Ra3GT2</em> expression during <em>R. agastum</em> flower development did not align with anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting it may glycosylate both anthocyanidins and other flavonoids. The function of <em>Ra3GT2 in vivo</em> was identified in <em>ugt78d2</em> mutant as well as K326 tobacco, and the data revealed that <em>Ra3GT2</em> transgenes could restore the purple color of the <em>ugt78d2</em> seedlings and deepen the flower color of tobacco via regulating the expressions of endogenous genes participated in anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, Ra3GT2 was confirmed to modify flavonoids through adding UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose to the 3-OH of anthocyanidins and flavonols. <em>Ra3GT2</em> overexpression enhanced salt and drought tolerance in both <em>Arabidopsis</em> and <em>E. coli</em>, whereas the <em>ugt78d2</em> mutant and control strains were more stress-sensitive. Taken together, we demonstrate that Ra3GT2 plays important roles in modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as enviromental stress tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110209"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}