Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Deciphering the mechanistic role of Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52) in bio-sorption and phyto-assimilation of Cadmium via Linum usitatissimum L. Seedlings\" [Plant Physiol. Biochem. 211 (2024) 108652].","authors":"Nida Zainab, Bernard R Glick, Arpita Bose, Amna, Javed Ali, Fazal Ur Rehman, Najeeba Parre Paker, Karthikeyan Rengasamy, Muhammad Aqeel Kamran, Kashif Hayat, MuhammadFarooqHussain Munis, Tariq Sultan, Muhammad Imran, Hassan Javed Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"109840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation of TaNRAMP5 impacts cadmium transport in wheat","authors":"Zai Cheng ,&nbsp;Jialian Wei ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lei Gu ,&nbsp;Tuo Zeng ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xuye Du","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) pollution significantly impacts the normal growth, development, and food safety of wheat. Employing modern molecular biology techniques represents an effective strategy for cultivating low-Cd wheat. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 5 (NRAMP5) is a critical heavy metal transporter, however, its function in wheat, particularly in response to Cd stress, remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate <em>TaNRAMP5</em> knockout lines (KO). Cd content in wheat was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). And RNA sequencing was used to explore the key factors of Cd stress response in wheat. The results indicated that under Cd stress, the KO lines exhibited significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the roots compared to the wild type (WT) plants, while the shoots showed an opposite trend. Notably, the knockout of <em>TaNRAMP5</em> resulted in a 33.46% reduction in Cd concentration in the grains. Furthermore, the knockout of <em>TaNRAMP5</em> led to a decrease in wheat grain yield; however, the application increased amounts of compound fertilizers can mitigate the yield loss associated with the <em>TaNRAMP5</em> mutant. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles between KO and WT plants under Cd stress, particularly in the root samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) induced by Cd stress were primarily involved in processes of “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”. Overall, our results suggested that the knockout of <em>TaNRAMP5</em> can effectively reduce Cd accumulation in wheat. These findings may provide a potential genetic basis for the improving of wheat varieties to reduce Cd contamination in grains and ensure food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109879"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Betula platyphylla through a Hierarchical Gene Regulatory Network in Hormone Signaling","authors":"Xianguang Nie ,&nbsp;Pengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xianhui Nie ,&nbsp;Jingxin Wang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofu Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Tian ,&nbsp;Huiyan Guo ,&nbsp;Yucheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is a significant pollutant that impacts plant productivity. While some studies have been conducted, the underlying mechanisms by which plants respond to Cd stress remain largely unclear. Here, we performed RNA-seq analysis of <em>Betula platyphylla</em> (birch) under CdCl₂ treatment. The findings revealed a substantial enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pathways associated with plant hormones. A gene regulatory network (GRN) was constructed, and the regulatory relationships between genes were determined using a partial correlation coefficient algorithm. The GRN comprises 2,151 regulatory interactions, including 7 transcription factors (TFs) from the first layer, 25 TFs from the second layer, and 168 structural genes from the third layer, all of which are linked to ten enriched biological processes. ChIP-PCR and qRT-PCR assays validated approximately 85.2% of the predicted interactions between the first and second layers, along with 88.3% of the interactions between the second and third layers, supporting the validity of the GRN. Eighteen genes were selected from the third layer of multiple biological pathways to analyze their functions, and the results indicated that these genes can enhance Cd tolerance in birch plants. Additionally, two TFs in the first layer, BpHD-zip7 and BpRAV1, were successfully introduced into birch plants, confirming their role in improving Cd tolerance. Our findings elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and key determinants that function in the adaptation of <em>B. platyphylla</em> to Cd stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of Fe3O4–NPs and Enterobacter cloacae in alleviating mercury stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Insights into morpho–physio–biochemicals attributes","authors":"Wenhan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current industrial scenario, mercury (Hg) as a metal is of great importance but poses a major threat to the ecosystem because of its toxicity, but fewer studies have been conducted on its effects and alleviation strategies by using nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Taking into consideration the positive effects of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄)⎯NPs and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> rhizobacteria in reducing Hg toxicity in plants, the present study was conducted. A pot experiment was conducted over 60 days using wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) to investigate the effects of varying Hg levels (0, 50 and 100 mg kg^⎯1) combined with different concentrations of Fe₃O₄–NPs (25 and 50 mg L^-1) and <em>E. cloacae</em> (10 and 20 ppm) on various morpho−physio−biochemical responses. The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of Hg stress in the soil significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, nutrients uptake and gas exchange attributes. However, Hg stress also induced oxidative stress in the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increase in proline metabolism, the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were observed. Although, the application of Fe₃O₄–NPs and <em>E. cloacae</em> showed a significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increase in plant growth and biomass, nutrients uptake, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of Fe₃O₄–NPs and <em>E. cloacae</em> enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA–GSH cycle in <em>T. aestivum</em> seedlings. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the application of Fe₃O₄–NPs and <em>E. cloacae</em> can ameliorate Hg toxicity in <em>T. aestivum</em> seedlings, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced antioxidant defense mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109881"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of arsenic exposure on the daily changes of glycerophospholipid turnover and assessment of defence mechanisms in tobacco hairy roots","authors":"Sofia Gutierrez,&nbsp;Sabrina G. Ibañez,&nbsp;Elizabeth Agostini,&nbsp;Lucas G. Sosa Alderete","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenic (As) affects several key physiological and metabolic processes, resulting in reduced seed germination and plant growth. The aim of this work was to study the impact of arsenite (AsIII) treatment on the metabolism of glycerophospholipids (MGPLs), evaluating the turnover activity (TA) of major GPLs, the expression of genes involved in this metabolism and also related to stress response. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) under AsIII-induced stress was evaluated as well as the implication of the circadian clock (CC) on the parameters studied. For this purpose, tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>) hairy roots (HRs) synchronized with a 12/12 h light/dark photoperiod were used. The TA of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a circadian behavior, especially under untreated conditions. However, the As treatment significantly modified the TA profiles of all analyzed GPLs, by inducing an opposite oscillation (PC and LysoPC) or increasing their TA (LysoPE and cardiolipin) during both the light and dark phase. Curiously, under As-treatment, the relative expression of key genes involved in the MGPLs (<em>NtLPAT2</em> and <em>NtCEK4</em>) was increased and showed a circadian oscillation, while under control conditions, no significant changes were detected. <em>NtPHT4;1</em> gene, involved in As-induced stress, showed a circadian expression profile, which was conserved under AsIII treatment but with an antiphase performance. Moreover, TAA was significantly affected in AsIII-treated HRs, mainly during the dark phase. Our results show that AsIII treatment affected the parameters studied and constitute valuable evidence to unravel the plant responses and the CC implication under AsIII-induced stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109880"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Light Sonata: Dynamic variation of red:blue ratio during the photoperiod differentially affects leaf photosynthesis, pigments, and growth in lettuce","authors":"Jordan B. Van Brenk ,&nbsp;Kimberly R. Vanderwolk ,&nbsp;Sumin Seo ,&nbsp;Young Hae Choi ,&nbsp;Leo FM. Marcelis ,&nbsp;Julian C. Verdonk","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical farming (VF) has unparalleled capacity to highly customize plant growth environments. In VF, red and blue LED lights are predominantly used as the two main wavelengths for photosynthesis. For many plants, red light increases biomass, and blue light can increase nutritional content. Because red light is more cost- and energy-efficient to produce than blue light, refined growth recipes are imperative to mutualistically improve efficiency with crop yield and quality. This study's aim was to balance lighting energy-use with growth and nutritional quality by using “dynamic lighting” recipes to reduce durations of high-intensity blue light. Lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.) was grown for 21 days at 220 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, receiving one of five R:B ratios (R:B_100:0, R:B_95:5, R:B_89:11, R:B_50:50, and R:B_0:100) for either the whole 18-h photoperiod (Whole Day), the first 6 h of the photoperiod (Morning), or the last 6 h of the photoperiod (Evening). Morning and Evening treatments received low blue (R:B_89:11) for the remaining 12 h of the day. The Morning and Evening high blue treatments had greater fresh weight and leaf area than their respective Whole Day treatments, attributed to reduced instantaneous leaf photosynthesis under high blue. High blue reduced photosynthesis during only the 6 h of Morning and Evening treatments, compared to the full impact of static high blue for 18-h Whole Day treatments. Intriguingly, with only 6 h of R:B_0:100, Morning and Evening treatments had the same high anthocyanin content as lettuce grown for 18 h under R:B_0:100. Therefore, daily blue light fraction can be reduced by using dynamic treatments to more efficiently promote growth and nutritional quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium application alleviates the drought-induced reduction in photoassimilates synthesis and distribution within the middle and upper fruiting branches, enhancing subtending cotton boll weight","authors":"Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuyao Wang ,&nbsp;Chenli Guo ,&nbsp;Manli Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongbin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Nan Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuanshan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought significantly reduces cotton boll yields across various fruiting branches (FBs). Potassium (K) application can partially mitigate the drought-induced damage by modifying the biosynthesis of photoassimilates in the leaf subtending to cotton boll (LSCB) and facilitating their transport to the subtending bolls, although its effects vary among FBs. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, potting experiments were conducted at three soil relative water content (SRWC): 75 ± 5 % (W75), 60 ± 5 % (W60), and 45 ± 5 % (W45), along with K rates of 0 (K0), 150 (K150) and 300 (K300) kg K₂O ha⁻¹. Compared to W75, the W60 and W45 treatments reduced the photosynthesis of LSCBs in different FBs, adversely affecting carbohydrate accumulation in the subtending cotton bolls. K application can mitigate this negative impact, with the most pronounced effects observed in the middle and upper FBs. K application (K150 and K300) enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, maximum mass yield of PSII and chlorophyll content of LSCB in the middle and upper FBs compared to K0 under drought conditions. Additionally, K application significantly increased K content in LSCBs within the middle and upper FBs, which in turn elevated sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities, reducing the conversion of sucrose into starch, ultimately facilitating carbohydrate exports to the subtending bolls. In summary, we propose a model that elucidates how K application mitigates drought damage by enhancing the exports of photoassimilates from the middle and upper FBs to their respective subtending cotton bolls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates stored in the capsule wall can mitigate cotton fiber strength damage caused by harvest aids","authors":"Qipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Taofen Liu ,&nbsp;Chaoyuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jingkun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yali Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingwei Du ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Ling Gou ,&nbsp;Jingshan Tian ,&nbsp;Wangfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remobilization of stored assimilates in the capsule wall following the application of harvest aids significantly contributes to boll weight formation. However, the impact of remobilized non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) from the capsule wall on fiber strength development remains unclear. In this study, conducted during the late growth stage of cotton, we investigated how the remobilization of NSC in the capsule wall affects fiber sucrose metabolism and fiber strength after applying harvest aids. Our results indicate that within 1–7 days post-applying, starch enzyme activity in the capsule wall increased by 2.78–14.78 %, leading to enhanced remobilization of stored NSC for fiber development. This maintained a cellulose accumulation rate of 5.17−2.73 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹, ensuring a fiber strength increase of 0.16–0.26 cN tex⁻¹ d⁻¹. By the time of boll opening, fiber strength had increased by 2.37–2.50 cN tex⁻¹ compared to pre-application. Specifically, for every 0.1 g of NSC remobilized from the capsule wall, fiber strength increased by 1.13–1.15 cN tex⁻¹. These findings suggest that the remobilization of stored assimilates in the capsule wall supports sustained cellulose accumulation, thereby mitigating potential damage to fiber strength caused by harvest aids. Therefore, enhancing amylase activity in the capsule wall to promote NSC remobilization is an effective strategy for improving fiber strength under harvest aid application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nano-calcium L-Aspartate enhances rice tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving nitrogen metabolism, cell wall sequestration, and antioxidant system”","authors":"Muhammad Riaz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran ,&nbsp;Saddam Hussain ,&nbsp;Lei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is one of the major sources of human exposure to arsenic (As), and its contamination is a critical issue for crop productivity and human health. Herein, we investigated how nano-calcium L-aspartate (nano-Ca) nanoparticles alleviate As-induced toxicity in rice (<em>Oryzae sativa</em> L.) seedlings. The results showed that As stress restricted rice growth and increased the concentration of As in roots and shoots. Application of nano-Ca markedly improved seedling growth, including biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. As a result, Nano-Ca decreased As concentrations in shoots and roots by 67.04 % and 22.78 %, respectively, primarily due to the increasing accumulation of As in pectin and hemicellulose. Furthermore, nano-Ca elevated the activity of nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes. The treatment also promoted demethylation of pectin, which enhanced its As-binding capability. Additionally, nano-Ca enhanced proline metabolism, also provided antioxidant defenses, and regulated calcium homeostasis, which help mitigate oxidative damage characteristics like malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxidation. As these findings demonstrated, nano-Ca could be an efficient, friendly means of alleviating As toxicity in rice, offering an environmentally sustainable option for agricultural strategies in the arsenic-contaminated areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super pan-genome-wide analysis of Hordeum WOX genes and identification of key members conferring salt stress tolerance","authors":"Qingwei Du,&nbsp;Ruifen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>WUSCHEL</em>-related homeobox (<em>WOX</em>) is a transcription factor family specific to plants, playing a key role in the initiation and maintenance of meristematic tissue, organ formation and response to abiotic stress. Here we identified 14–15 <em>WOX</em> genes in four <em>Hordeum</em> species, conducted their phylogenetic tree, determined their chromosome locations and gene structures, and analyzed their collinearity and cis-acting elements in promoters. Presence Absence Variation (PAV) analysis revealed that certain <em>WOX</em> genes in the four <em>Hordeum</em> species were lost and expanded. Duplication analysis discovered five types of duplications contributing to the formation of <em>WOX</em> genes, with dispersed duplication (DSD) being the main type in four <em>Hordeum</em> species. <em>WOXs</em> belonging to DSD exhibited a high number of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), indicating the potential role of LTR-RTs in the formation of <em>WOX</em> genes of the DSD type. Evaluation of <em>Ka/Ks</em> values showed that all <em>WOX</em> genes have undergone purification selection, with varying degrees among different clades of <em>WOX</em> genes. Furthermore, through pan-transcriptome analysis and quantitative experiments, we identified a common gene clade and the <em>WOX13</em> co-expression networks responding to saline stress. Survival ratio statistics of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> complementation lines under salt treatment suggested that <em>HvWOX13</em> may play a crucial role in regulating salt tolerance. These findings provide new insights into evolutionary studies of <em>WOX</em> gene family and offer valuable gene resources for breeding crops with enhanced salt stress resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109874"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}