Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in leaves of Solanum nigrum L","authors":"Yue Teng ,&nbsp;Yi Xiao ,&nbsp;Huibo Sun ,&nbsp;Jiawei Hu ,&nbsp;Jingyan Guo ,&nbsp;Hongyan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in <em>Solanum nigrum</em> L. is known to occur mainly in cell walls and vesicles. However, limited research has been conducted on the toxic effects of Cd specifically targeting mitochondria in <em>S. nigrum</em> leaves. This study aims to delineate the impact of Cd accumulation on mitochondrial structure and function in <em>S. nigrum</em> leaves, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing its application in phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils. The results showed that the Cd content in mitochondria would gradually reach saturation with the increase of Cd treatment concentration. However, the accumulation of Cd led to osmotic pressure imbalance and morphological changes within mitochondria, which in turn caused a series of impairments in mitochondrial function. Cd severely damaged the energy metabolism function of mitochondria, especially under 200 μM CdCl₂ stress, the mitochondrial ATP content decreased by 90.65 % and the activity of H⁺-ATPase decreased by 80.65 %. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria accumulated mainly in the form of H₂O₂. Compared with the non-Cd control group, the H₂O₂ content in the Cd-treated groups (50, 100, and 200 μM CdCl₂) increased by 61.62 %, 186.69 %, and 405.81 %, respectively. The inhibition of cellular respiration by Cd and the sharp increase in ROS exacerbated the oxidative damage in mitochondria. Interestingly, the activities of mitochondrial peroxidase (POD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) exhibit remarkable tolerance under Cd stress. Based on these results, we believe that Cd can cause dysfunction and oxidative damage to the mitochondria of <em>S. nigrum</em> leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyramiding of mutations in lycopene ε-cyclase and β-hydroxylase 1 increases β-carotene content and modifies carotenoid metabolism in durum wheat","authors":"Samuela Palombieri ,&nbsp;Arianna Frittelli ,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Garcia Molina ,&nbsp;Romina Beleggia ,&nbsp;Valentina Giovanniello ,&nbsp;Enrica Alicandri ,&nbsp;Agostino Sorgonà ,&nbsp;Pasquale De Vita ,&nbsp;Stefania Masci ,&nbsp;Francesco Sestili","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids are essential pigments in plants, playing critical roles in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and stress tolerance, particularly under environmental conditions such as high light intensity and drought. To enhance β-carotene content in durum wheat (<em>Triticum durum</em> Desf.), a TILLING approach was used to generate null mutants for the <em>lycopene ε-cyclase</em> (<em>LCYE)</em> and <em>β-hydroxylases 1</em> (<em>HYD1</em>) genes, which are key players in carotenoid biosynthesis. Homozygous mutants for both genes were obtained by crossing single homeoallelic mutant lines, resulting in three distinct mutant lines (LxH_1, LxH_2, LxH_3). Carotenoid metabolism and antioxidant-related genes expression were analyzed during seed ripening, revealing significantly reduced expression of <em>LCYE</em> and <em>HYD1</em>, while <em>violaxanthin de-epoxidase</em> (<em>VDE</em>) gene was upregulated at later stages. The mutant lines also showed significantly higher β-carotene accumulation in seeds, with an increase of up to 245 % compared to the control, while lutein content was reduced by over 99 %. In leaves, β-carotene levels remained unchanged, but zeaxanthin and violaxanthin accumulated at significantly higher levels compared to the control plants. Chlorophyll content was reduced in the mutant leaves, leading to altered chlorophyll <em>a</em>/b ratios and an overall decrease in total carotenoid levels. Although photosynthetic efficiency was lower in the mutants, gas exchange parameters remained unaffected, suggesting that primary carbon assimilation was not severely compromised. Phenotypic analysis revealed a reduction in plant height, spike length, and spikelet number; however, key yield traits were largely preserved. Notably, the mutant lines exhibited albinism under cold acclimation conditions, a phenotype absent in the control plants, likely due to the crucial role of lutein in photoprotection at low temperatures.</div><div>These findings demonstrate that the pyramiding of mutations in <em>LCYE</em> and <em>HYD1</em> effectively alters carotenoid composition, impacts photosynthesis-related traits, and influences plant responses to environmental stresses. This study provides valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing carotenoid content in wheat, with potential applications in improving both nutritional quality and stress resilience in cereal crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil texture affects the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in the physiological and biochemical modulation of sugarcane tolerance to water deficit","authors":"Melina Rodrigues Alves Carnietto ,&nbsp;Hariane Luiz Santos ,&nbsp;Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Marcelo de Almeida Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offers a promising strategy to enhance the tolerance of cultivated plants to water deficit (WD). This study investigated sugarcane's physiological, biochemical, and biomass production responses inoculated with <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (strain FMCH002) and <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (strain FMCH001) under WD in two soil types. The experiment followed a completely randomized factorial design (2 × 2 × 2: with and without PGPB, with and without WD, in sandy and clayey soils) with six replicates. In clayey soil, PGPB inoculation increased the effective photochemical efficiency of PSII, stomatal conductance, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, leaf water potential, relative water content, and chlorophyll <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> levels. Conversely, WD in sandy soil intensified enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase alongside elevated malondialdehyde levels. Proline content was approximately 40 % higher in clayey soil. PGPB inoculation resulted in 17.26 % and 15.45 % increases in root dry matter (RDM) and shoot dry matter (SDM), respectively. In sandy soil, RDM and SDM were 68.88 % and 28.63 % higher, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that intercellular CO₂ concentration and electron transport rate were key contributors to dry matter production, explaining over 90 % of the variance. Positive and significant correlations were observed across evaluation periods before and during WD (119, 126, and 133 DAP). These findings underscore the potential of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> to enhance sugarcane resilience to water deficit, promoting climate-adaptive agricultural practices in sandy and clayey soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109997"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome wide identification and functional analyses of HAK family potassium transporter genes in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) in response to potassium deficiency and stress responses","authors":"Hai-Bin Luo ,&nbsp;Hui-Qing Cao ,&nbsp;Cheng-Mei Huang ,&nbsp;Xing-Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Li-Pin Ye ,&nbsp;Yuan-Wen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nutritional status of potassium directly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The molecular mechanism underlying K⁺ uptake and transport in passion fruit (<em>Passiflora edulis</em> Sims), particularly under K⁺ limited conditions, remains poorly understood. Members of the high-affinity K⁺ (HAK) transporter family play a vital role in K⁺ acquisition, translocation, and stress responses. However, the biological functions of these genes in passion fruit plants are still unknown. This study identified 14 <em>HAK</em> genes (<em>PeHAKs</em>) in <em>Passiflora edulis</em> genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified these <em>PeHAKs</em> into three distinct clusters containing 9, 4, and 1 genes, respectively, with conserved structural features supporting their functional divergence. Promoter analysis revealed 12 predominant cis-acting elements, including hormone-responsive, stress-inducible, and core transcriptional regulatory motifs. Tissue-specific expression profiling demonstrated significant organ-dependent expression patterns of <em>PeHAKs</em> across roots, stems, leaves (young/mature), flowers, and fruits. Under K⁺ deficiency, salinity stress, and phytohormone treatments, the transcript levels of <em>PeHAKs</em> were significantly altered in roots and leaves. Notably, <em>PeHAK10</em> exhibited dual induction in aerial and subterranean tissues under K⁺ deprivation. Functional complementation assays in yeast validated the K⁺/Na ⁺ transport activity of <em>PeHAK10</em>, suggesting its involvement in ion homeostasis regulation during nutrient stress. This study provides the first genome-wide characterization of the <em>PeHAKs</em> family of genes in passion fruit plants, establishing a foundation for elucidating their biological roles in potassium nutrition regulation and stress adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109995"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisomal Sulfite Oxidase (SOX), an alternative source of NO in higher plants which is upregulated by H2S","authors":"Francisco J. Corpas ,&nbsp;Jorge Taboada ,&nbsp;Beatriz Sánchez-Romera ,&nbsp;Javier López-Jaramillo ,&nbsp;José M. Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitric oxide (^•NO) is a free radical that is endogenously produced in plant cells, though its enzymatic synthesis remains a subject of ongoing debate. Plant peroxisomes, subcellular compartments with active nitro-oxidative metabolism, play a role in various metabolic pathways. Sulfite oxidase (SOX), a peroxisomal enzyme requiring the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite (SO₃²⁻) to sulfate (SO₄²⁻), along with the concomitant production of H₂O₂. Using reconstituted recombinant SOX from pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) fruit, it was shown that this enzyme has the capacity to generate ^•NO using nitrite (NO₂⁻) as a substrate and NADH as an electron donor which was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with the spin-trapping method. Furthermore, this ^•NO generation was upregulated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) but was downregulated by H₂O₂ which highlights the relationship between H₂O₂, ^•NO, and H₂S. This data opens new avenues for understanding the enzymatic sources of ^•NO in higher plants, particularly within peroxisomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 110000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP79D16 from Prunus sibirica seeds presents a novel molecular regulatory target to bioengineering oil accumulation with less amygdalin","authors":"Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Zixing Lin ,&nbsp;Jinhe Hu ,&nbsp;YiJin Hua ,&nbsp;Yuhang Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Xiu ,&nbsp;Shanzhi Lin ,&nbsp;Linkun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seeds of Siberian apricot (<em>Prunus sibirica</em> L.) have abundant oils, but also contain amygdalin causing toxicity issue. This work focused on determining critical cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme and revealing its function in controlling amygdalin biosynthesis in <em>P. sibirica</em> seeds. A combination of whole-genomic identification of amygdalin synthesis-related CYPs and quantitative-comparison of transcription of CYP71/79 family members with amygdalin content in <em>P</em>. <em>sibirica</em> seeds among 18 different accessions or developmental stages was applied to identify CYP79D16 specific for seed amygdalin accumulation. The <em>PsCYP79D16</em> gene was isolated, and expression and mutation were performed in yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, revealing high activity of PsCYP79D16 to catalyze the first step in Phe-derived amygdalin biosynthesis with ideal catalytic activity of <em>V</em>_max (175.44 U/mg) and <em>K</em>_m (0.16 mM), and functional site (Asn⁵⁰⁰). An integration of overexpression, mutation and its recovery was performed in Arabidopsis. <em>PsCYP79D16</em> overexpression increased the amounts of amygdalin biosynthetic precursors and transcriptional levels of amygdalin metabolism-associated enzymes, but repressed oil accumulation and regulatory enzyme transcription (involving carbon partitioning, FA biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly), all of which exhibited an opposite status in <em>cyp79d16</em> mutant that could be compensated by mutation restoration, unraveling a significance of PsCYP79D16 for governing seed oil and amygdalin synthesis. <em>PsCYP79D16</em> should be as novel regulatory target to future bioengineering oil accumulation with less-amount amygdalin of oilseed plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109991"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manganese nanoparticles synthesized from hemp biomass waste modulate metabolic responses in soybean","authors":"Milica Pavlicevic ,&nbsp;Jingyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Michael A. Ammirata ,&nbsp;Terri Arsenault ,&nbsp;Meghan S. Cahill ,&nbsp;Jose A. Hernandez-Viezcas ,&nbsp;Vinka Oyanedel-Craver ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey ,&nbsp;Christian O. Dimkpa ,&nbsp;Jason C. White ,&nbsp;Nubia Zuverza-Mena","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from plant material is a sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis. Manganese-based NPs were synthesized from the waste of two subspecies of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> and using two different salts (sulfate and nitrate). Nanoparticles synthesized from <em>Cannabis sativa</em> spp. indica were more stable (ζ = - 26.31 ± 0.49 mV and - 38.07 ± 0.33 mV) than those from ssp. <em>sativa</em> (ζ = - 0.77 ± 0.04 mV and - 9.89 ± 0.24 mV). Additionally, nanoparticles synthesized using sulfate were larger, but more stable than those synthesized using nitrate. The NPs' elemental composition was also different, NPs synthesized from ssp. sativa contained ∼2x more sodium and less potassium than nanoparticles synthesized from ssp. <em>indica</em>. Nanoparticles synthesized from ssp. <em>indica</em> significantly increased soybean's chlorophylls content (by 120 % and 126 %, synthesized from nitrate and sulfate, respectively; compared to control) and content of antioxidants (134 % and 140 %, synthesized from nitrate and sulfate, respectively; compared to control). These increases were greater than those caused by nanoparticles synthesized from ssp. <em>sativa</em> (111 % and 119 % for chlorophylls and 114 % and 106 % for antioxidants, compared to the control). Nanoparticles synthesized using nitrate significantly increased polyphenols content (158 % (for nanoparticles synthesized from sativa) and 116 % (for nanoparticles synthesized from indica, compared to control) more than nanoparticles synthesized using sulfate (123 % (for nanoparticles synthesized from sativa) and 110 % (for nanoparticles synthesized from indica), compared to control). These findings can help develop the method for synthesis of manganese nanofertilizers from hemp waste by influencing selection of subspecies and salt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PalCYCD3;3 breaks axillary bud dormancy and promotes shoot branching through activation by PalBES1 in the BR signaling pathway","authors":"Zhao-qun Wu ,&nbsp;Ye-Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Xue ,&nbsp;Yue-Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Gai ,&nbsp;Bo-Hao Duan ,&nbsp;Hai-Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of lateral branches in plants is intricately modulated by phytohormonal signaling networks; however, the functional role of D-type cyclins (CYCDs) within this regulatory scheme is not yet fully elucidated. Recent investigations have identified brassinosteroids (BRs) as pivotal regulators of cell cycle dynamics, yet their interactions with CYCD-mediated pathways in meristematic activity require systematic investigation. This research aimed to clarify the function of PalCYCD3; 3 in the regulation of axillary meristem (AM) and its interaction with BR signaling in <em>Populus alba</em>. Histochemical GUS staining demonstrated the specific localization of <em>PalCYCD3;3</em> within the organizing centers of both the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and AM. <em>PalCYCD3;3</em>-overexpressing <em>P. alba</em> displayed a significant increase in lateral branch formation compared to wild-type counterparts, alongside a marked reduction in AM cell size, mirroring the effects observed in wild-type plants treated with 1 μM brassinolide (BL). Treatment with BL was shown to upregulate both <em>PalCYCD3;3</em> and the BR signaling mediator <em>PalBES1</em> in axillary buds. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified the direct interaction of PalBES1 with the promoter of <em>PalCYCD3;3</em>. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid screening combined with bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed the physical associations between PalCYCD3; 3 and key cell cycle regulators PalCDKA; 1, PalCDKB1; 1, PalCDKD; 1, and PalCDKE; 1. Our findings establish that BR signaling activates PalCYCD3; 3-CDK complexes through PalBES1-mediated transcriptional regulation, thereby promoting AM cell proliferation and lateral branch development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109993"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on ellagic acid's role in salt tolerance, growth, antioxidant system, photochemistry and nitrogen metabolism in wheat and chickpea","authors":"Fevzi Elbasan ,&nbsp;Evren Yildiztugay ,&nbsp;Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci ,&nbsp;Mehmet Hamurcu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ellagic acid (EA) in mitigating stress induced by salt and enhancing the tolerance of wheat (a monocot) and chickpea (a dicot). The experiment included four treatment groups: a control (C), 12.5 μM EA application, 100 mM salt (NaCl-S) exposure, and a combined treatment with 12.5 μM EA and 100 mM salt (S + EA). Key physiological (e.g., photosynthetic efficiency: F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, F_o/F_m), growth, and biochemical responses, including antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, POX, APX, GST, GPX, NOX, GR, MDHAR, DHAR) and nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR, GS, GOGAT, GDH), were evaluated to determine the role of exogenous EA in mitigating salt stress. The application of EA effectively mitigated salt stress in wheat and chickpea by enhancing the relative growth rate (RGR) and relative water content (RWC). EA reduced oxidative stress markers, lowering H₂O₂ levels by 16 % in wheat and 26 % in chickpea, and decreased TBARS content, particularly in wheat. Photosynthetic efficiency was stabilized, especially in wheat, as evidenced by improved OJIP parameters. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POX) increased in response to EA, with wheat showing greater activity under stress. EA partially restored nitrogen metabolism, with GS and GOGAT activities improving under combined EA and salt treatments, more prominently in wheat. EA enhanced redox homeostasis, with wheat showing a significant increase in tAsA/DHA (76 %) and GSH/GSSG (8 %) , while chickpea showed no change in tAsA/DHA and a decrease in GSH/GSSG under Salt + EA treatment. Overall, EA enhanced salt tolerance by strengthening antioxidant defenses, improving nitrogen assimilation, and stabilizing photosynthesis, with species-specific differences in response patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor OsNAC29a confers drought tolerance through the ABA pathway in rice","authors":"Jia Lu ,&nbsp;Weiting Wang ,&nbsp;Siqi Yang,&nbsp;Liwen Shi,&nbsp;Fangyuan Song,&nbsp;Yulei Tan,&nbsp;Xiaocui Wu,&nbsp;Baocun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant-specific NAC transcription factor family plays a crucial role in mediating responses to abiotic stress, but the functions of many NAC genes remain poorly characterized. The rice <em>OsNAC29a</em> gene is induced by PEG and abscisic acid (ABA). OsNAC29a exhibits transactivation activity and the region of 248–315 amino acids at its C-terminus is essential for its activation. Over-expression of <em>OsNAC29a</em> enhances drought resistance and ABA sensitivity in transgenic rice. <em>OsNAC29a</em> over-expression modulates physiological indicators related to stress resistance, while RNAi-mediated down-regulation of <em>OsNAC29a</em> results in opposite phenotypes and physiological changes. Under drought conditions, <em>OsNAC29a</em> over-expression significantly up-regulates stress-related genes such as <em>OsP5CS1</em>, <em>OsSRO1c</em>, <em>OsPOD1</em>, <em>OsLEA3</em>, and <em>OsRab16C</em>. Interestingly, <em>OsPOD1</em> gene expression increases in <em>OsNAC29a</em> over-expression rice under both normal and drought stress conditions, leading to significantly enhanced peroxidase activity. Further research reveals that OsNAC29a binds to the <em>OsPOD1</em> promoter to drive its expression. Additionally, OsSAPK2 which is a key component of the ABA-dependent drought-tolerance pathway interacts physically with OsNAC29a and enhances its transcriptional activation activity. Collectively, acting as a positive regulator of drought tolerance, OsNAC29a regulates drought resistance in rice by directly or indirectly modulating stress-responsive genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109989"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}