Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide association study of rice vegetative growth under ammonium or nitrate nutrition","authors":"Pornpipat Kasemsap ,&nbsp;Itay Cohen ,&nbsp;Arnold J. Bloom","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is the most important source of daily calories in human diets and second only to wheat as the most important protein source. Rice is generally exposed to high ammonium (NH₄⁺) levels in the rhizosphere but may employ both NH₄⁺ and nitrification-derived nitrate (NO₃⁻) as major sources of nitrogen. However, the genetic basis underlying rice adaptation to different nitrogen forms remains poorly characterized. Here, we assessed biomass under either NH₄⁺ or NO₃⁻ as a sole nitrogen source in 390 accessions from the USDA Rice Diversity Panel 1. Rice effectively used either form of nitrogen to support early growth. Tolerance to a high-NH₄⁺ exposure was correlated with biomass under NO₃⁻ and lower NH₄⁺ levels. Both genotype and nitrogen source strongly influenced biomass accumulation and partitioning between shoot and root. Root showed the greatest biomass variability and sensitivity to nitrogen source. Genome-wide analyses identified 176 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with biomass across the full diversity panel and individual populations. The majority of the associations were unique to the individual nitrogen source. We compiled a list of candidate genes, including putative genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, located within 150 kb of 112 most significant SNPs, each with at least 3 adjacent markers detected under the same combination of population and nitrogen source. A flexible consumer, rice may employ distinct genetic mechanisms to use different nitrogen sources, making the species more resilient to fluctuations in soil nitrogen. These insights can guide matching rice genotypes with fertilizer management to improve nitrogen-use efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and metabolic engineering of oleic acid synthesis pathways in oil palm: Challenges and future prospects","authors":"Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Shu Huangying ,&nbsp;Zhu Hongshuo ,&nbsp;Peng Xiaoyun ,&nbsp;Ruoru Zhou ,&nbsp;Chen Guanming ,&nbsp;Zeng Xianhai","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>), the world's most productive oil crop, contains high level of saturated fatty acids, which raise significant health concerns including cardiovascular risks. Therefore, genetic and metabolic engineering of oleic acid biosynthesis pathways in oil palm is crucial to develop new high oleic palm oil (HOPO) cultivars with improved nutritional quality. High oleic palm oil (HOPO), enriched in monounsaturated oleic acid, offers enhanced health benefits. This review aims to critically analyze recent advances in the genetic and metabolic engineering of oleic acid biosynthesis pathways in oil palm, highlighting key genes, biotechnological tools, challenges, and future prospects for developing improved HOPO cultivars. Key genes such as Stearoyl-ACP desaturase (<em>SAD</em>) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (<em>FAD2</em>) are regulated by transcription factors including WRINKLED1 (WRI1), which control fatty acid desaturation. Modern molecular techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference, and marker-assisted selection, have been applied to develop HOPO cultivars. Transgenic approaches involving gene silencing and overexpression, via <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation and particle bombardment, enable targeted lipid metabolism modification. Comparative analyses of fatty acid profiles between Standard Palm Oil (SPO) and HOPO highlight HOPO's superior health benefits and industrial potential. This review emphasizes the essential role of genetic and biotechnological innovations in producing healthier and more sustainable palm oil to meet global dietary demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110288"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaporin translation tunes plant water transport to external conditions in grapevine","authors":"Lubin Guan ,&nbsp;Alvaro Vidal Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Gaurav Sharma ,&nbsp;Michele Faralli ,&nbsp;Mirko Moser ,&nbsp;David Navarro-Payá ,&nbsp;Claudio Moser ,&nbsp;Gabriella Viero ,&nbsp;Elena Baraldi ,&nbsp;Stefania Pilati","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water stress challenges global crop productivity, particularly for perennial species such as grapevines, where effective water management is crucial for berry quality and yield. Aquaporins, a family of water channel proteins, play a key role in regulating water transport within plant cells, affecting water uptake and redistribution. Although the transcriptional response of aquaporin genes to water stress in grapevines has been documented, their translational regulation remains less explored. This study investigates the transcriptional and translational dynamics of three Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins and three Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins in leaves and roots of a grafted ‘Pinot Noir’ on ‘Kober 5BB’ rootstock during water deficit conditions and recovery. Aquaporin translation analyzed by polysome profiling and co-sedimentation analysis of their transcripts highlighted that water stress had a general negative effect, although significant only for <em>VviTIP1-3</em>. Conversely, recovery measured at 6 h after rewatering was characterized by a boost of translation reactivation for all but one aquaporins. Transcriptional profiling of the same aquaporins revealed significant down-regulation at prolonged stress in roots, highlighting the contribution of aquaporins to osmoregulation and drought tolerance. Moreover, transcriptional modulation resembles a long-term adaptative response to limit water loss. In the leaf, only two specific genes, <em>VviPIP2-5</em> and <em>VviTIP2-1</em>, were modulated during water deficit and even more during recovery and positively correlated with stomatal conductance and leaf water potential. They represent important regulators of water homeostasis and good candidates for breeding programs. This study uncovered an additional level of aquaporin post-transcriptional control finely tuning vines to changing external conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates chilling injury in postharvest peach fruit via regulating antioxidant and membrane lipid metabolisms","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Wei ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Shu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianfen Ye ,&nbsp;Phebe Ding ,&nbsp;Feng Xu ,&nbsp;Xingfeng Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peach fruit are highly susceptible to chilling stress during cold storage. This study evaluated the effects of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) in enhancing chilling tolerance in ‘Hujingmilu’ peaches. Treatment with 0.1 % AOS for 10 min significantly alleviated the CI symptoms during 28 d of storage at 5 °C. This was confirmed by the lower browning index, reduced content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and higher levels of proline. Meanwhile, the gene expressions and enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD), lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) were significantly down-regulated in AOS-treated peaches, while catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly up-regulated. Thus, AOS can be used as a novel marine-derived bio-preservative to alleviate the CI of peach fruit by regulating the antioxidant and membrane lipid metabolisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the role and regulatory network of the NcSnRK2 gene family in cold stress response of Nymphaea candida","authors":"Jiaying Kuang ,&nbsp;Tong Liu ,&nbsp;Yingchun Xu ,&nbsp;Chunxiu Ye ,&nbsp;Ran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Wang ,&nbsp;Qijiang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The white water lily (<em>Nymphaea candida</em>), native to the high-altitude regions of Xinjiang, China, serves as an excellent model for studying cold tolerance in aquatic plants. This study explored the sucrose non-fermenting related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family genes in <em>Nymphaea candida</em> (NcSnRK2), establishing a functional link between NcSnRK2 and cold tolerance. Phylogenetic analysis grouped NcSnRK2 family members into three evolutionarily conserved clades. NcSnRK2 proteins exhibited unique subcellular localization in the nucleus and plasma membrane, potentially compensating for regulatory deficits due to open stomata. Specific ABA signaling drove functional divergence in NcSnRK2, optimizing stress adaptation through temporal decoupling. Transient expression analysis in <em>Nymphaea candida</em> demonstrated that these genes play varying roles in enhancing cold tolerance, with <em>NcSnRK2.2</em>, <em>NcSnRK2.6</em>, and <em>NcSnRK2.9</em> identified as the most stress-responsive genes, exhibiting a marked enhancement of cold tolerance. The analysis of transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> further confirmed that <em>NcSnRK2.2</em>, <em>NcSnRK2.6</em>, and <em>NcSnRK2.9</em> expression significantly improved cold tolerance relative to wild-type plants. Protein interactions suggest that <em>NcSnRK2.2</em> and <em>NcSnRK2.9</em> mediate membrane-nuclear signaling through nuclear factors (<em>NAC048</em>, <em>EIN3/RAP2-3</em>) and membrane-anchored proteins (<em>PP2C phosphatases</em>, <em>PIP2</em>), resulting in a coordinated rapid response network. Overexpression of <em>NcNAC048</em> reduced oxidative bursts and stabilized membranes, underscoring its role in the NcSnRK2-mediated cold response. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the NcSnRK2 gene family in cold tolerance, providing strategic genetic targets to enhance resilience in aquatic crops and deepening our understanding of plant adaptation mechanisms to extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of OsNCED3 transgenic rice reveals the response mechanism to alkaline stress","authors":"Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhonghui Feng ,&nbsp;Guanru Lu ,&nbsp;Mingming Wang ,&nbsp;Miao Liu ,&nbsp;Haoyu Yang ,&nbsp;Changjie Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Xie ,&nbsp;Yangyang Jin ,&nbsp;Tianhe Yu ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Hu ,&nbsp;Guohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil alkalinization is a major environmental stress that severely limits plant growth and development. Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) is a globally important food crop, and to improve its yield and quality in saline-alkaline environments, its molecular responses to alkaline stress must be better understood. Here, we cloned and overexpressed the abscisic acid (ABA)-synthesizing gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (<em>OsNCED3</em>) in the alkaline-resistant rice cultivar Dongdao-4 to generate three transgenic lines (OE-1, -2, and -3). These transgenic lines exhibited enhanced root phenotypes and increased tolerance to alkaline stress compared to wild-type (WT) plants. The content of ABA and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were significantly higher in the transgenic lines, whereas the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (O₂·⁻ and H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced in the transgenic lines under hydroponic alkaline stress conditions. Transcriptome analysis of the roots under 15 mmol L⁻¹ Na₂CO₃ stress identified 2915 upregulated and 2070 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the WT and transgenic lines. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of the DEGs revealed enrichment in plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signalling pathways, suggesting a role in stress response regulation. Additionally, agronomic surveys indicated that the grain yield of <em>OsNCED3</em>-overexpressing lines was significantly higher than that of the WT. These findings provide a theoretical and practical foundation for improving rice alkaline tolerance and productivity in saline-alkaline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110279"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low temperature at booting limits the rice 1000-grain weight via a reduction of the early-filling and starch accumulation","authors":"Wang Shiqiang ,&nbsp;Liang Renmin ,&nbsp;Yang Shanwei ,&nbsp;Huang Xumou ,&nbsp;Wei Minchao ,&nbsp;Wei Chunxiang ,&nbsp;Zhang Xiuhua ,&nbsp;Wei Zhanglan ,&nbsp;Pan Yousheng ,&nbsp;Wu Hequan ,&nbsp;Liao Mingchuang ,&nbsp;Wei Chengxian ,&nbsp;Huang Liqiong ,&nbsp;Zhao Haihong","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature at booting (LTB) reduces rice 1000-grain weight. Crucial enzymes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways impact grain starch and protein synthesis, altering the grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight. Unfortunately, limited research has been conducted on 1000-grain weight formation of high-quality rice under LTB. This study examines the physiological reactions of cold-tolerant Longdao29 (LD29) and cold-sensitive Longdao18 (LD18) in response to LTB and normal-temperature conditions. In our study, LTB heavily reduced starch branching enzymes (SBE) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), reducing grain starch accumulation. The reduction in grain starch accumulation lowered the maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, the weight of grain at maximum grain filling rate, and grain filling rate at early filling (0–15 days after heading fully (DAH)), lowering in 1000-grain weight of upper-located branches of panicles and 1000-grain weight of primary segments of the middle and lower panicle portions. Moreover, LTB obviously enhanced the proline content and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase activity in leaves (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lowering proline dehydrogenase activity, leading to increased grain nitrogen accumulation, increasing grain filling rate at the middle and late filling stage (31–45 DAH) of LD18. However, it decreased the grain filling rate during the middle and late filling stages for LD29. Therefore, LTB can inhibit the activities of AGPase and SBE, decreasing grain starch accumulation and grain filling rate during the early filling stage, ultimately reducing the 1000-grain weight, with LD29 exhibiting greater sensitivity to LTB-induced weight reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in Chrysanthemum seticuspe and C. morifolium and their roles in response to high-light stress","authors":"Shuang Han ,&nbsp;Jun-Ling Bai ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing-Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong-Li Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light is an important ecological factor limiting chrysanthemum cultivation, and the R2R3-MYB gene family plays a crucial role in resisting high light. Analyzing the gene structure of different ploidy species in the Chrysanthemum genus and the evolutionary relationships between species is essential for understanding the evolutionary patterns of the genes and genetic improvement. The study identified 236 and 732 MYB protein sequences from the genomes of diploid <em>C. seticuspe</em> and hexaploid <em>C. morifolium</em>, respectively. A phylogenetic tree was generated based on 168 MYB protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, using a representative sequence from subfamily 6 as a reference point. Through BLASTP analysis, four MYB genes were identified in Chrysanthemum seticuspe, while nineteen were detected in the cultivar 'Zhongshanzigui' (<em>C. morifolium</em>). Motif analysis revealed that MYB proteins in <em>C. seticuspe</em> and <em>C. morifolium</em> possessed eight and nine conserved motifs, respectively. In <em>C. seticuspe</em>, three of the four MYB proteins retained all eight motifs, except for one lacking motif 4. Only nine out of nineteen MYB domains in <em>C. morifolium</em> displayed conservation, indicating a significant divergence from C. seticuspe. Promoter region analysis uncovered an abundance of light-responsive cis-elements, and qPCR assays demonstrated that MYB gene expression was upregulated under high-light conditions. Genomic mapping showed one tandemly repeated MYB gene in <em>C. seticuspe</em>, compared to four in <em>C. morifolium</em>. Comparative collinearity analysis indicated the absence of collinear gene pairs between <em>A. thaliana</em> and C. seticuspe but identified four orthologous MYB gene pairs shared between <em>C. seticuspe</em> and <em>C. morifolium</em>. No intraspecific collinearity was observed among the MYB genes in <em>C. seticuspe</em>. These findings suggest that gene duplication events, including genome triplication, have contributed to the structural complexity of the R2R3-MYB gene family in Chrysanthemum species. Such diversification has likely driven the expansion of metabolic pathways. This study provides new insights into the evolution and functional potential of MYB genes in <em>C. seticuspe</em> and <em>C. morifolium</em>, laying a foundation for future research in gene function, molecular breeding, and industrial applications of Chrysanthemum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal salt tolerance mechanisms of the halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum","authors":"Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Jielong Zhao ,&nbsp;Fang Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuyue Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuncai Lu ,&nbsp;Ruifen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization increasingly threatens global agriculture. Plants employ adaptive mechanisms, with protein phosphorylation being crucial for rapid stress responses. Halophytes like <em>Hordeum brevisubulatum</em>, a wild relative of barley and wheat, exhibit remarkable salt tolerance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of dynamic phosphorylation, are not fully understood. Comparative physiological analyses confirmed the superior salt tolerance of <em>H. brevisubulatum</em> compared to cultivated barley. Time-resolved quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics were employed to capture the dynamic molecular landscape of <em>H. brevisubulatum</em> under salt stress. Proteomics analysis revealed progressive changes, with upregulation of stress-related proteins and downregulation of biosynthetic pathways, including a notable switch in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Phosphoproteomics identified hundreds of differentially phosphorylated sites with distinct temporal dynamics, implicating phosphorylation in regulating key proteins involved in signaling, ion and water transport, and ROS homeostasis. Phosphorylation motif analysis revealed conserved and potentially adaptive phosphorylation patterns, such as that of aquaporin PIP2;5 at S289, which modulates its water transport activity. Furthermore, we functionally validated that the dehydrin HbDHN3 enhances salt tolerance, and that its phosphorylation, potentially mediated by HbCK2, significantly boosts this protective function in transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em>. This study presents an integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic investigation into the salt adaptation mechanisms of <em>H. brevisubulatum</em>. Our findings underscore the sophisticated coordination between changes in protein levels and dynamic phosphorylation events across signaling, transport, ROS management, and metabolism. The functional validation of candidate proteins confirms the power of our integrated approach to identify critical effectors of stress tolerance, providing a robust dataset and valuable insights for crop improvement against salinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bisphenol A on submerged-floating macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms","authors":"Qi Li ,&nbsp;Rulan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunxing Xiao ,&nbsp;Xin Jiang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Liu ,&nbsp;Ningfei Lei ,&nbsp;Yixia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA), a representative environmental endocrine disruptor, is widely detected in aquatic systems, posing potential risks to ecosystems and human health. However, the effects of BPA on submerged-floating macrophytes and their epiphytic biofilms remain poorly understood. Two macrophytes were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA to evaluate the interactions in aquatic plants. Results demonstrated that BPA exposure significantly inhibited the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, reducing chlorophyll <em>b</em> content by 13.1 % and 12.2 % in <em>Vallisneria natans</em> (<em>V. natans</em>) and <em>Spirodela polyrhiza</em> (<em>S. polyrhiza</em>), respectively. Simultaneously, exposure to low-concentration BPA induced ROS generation rates of 4.79 μs⁻¹ kg⁻¹ in the <em>S. polyrhiza</em> monoculture group and 9.73 μs⁻¹ kg⁻¹ in the co-cultured submerged-floating macrophytes group, demonstrating enhanced ROS scavenging capacity in the co-culture system. Notably, compared to monoculture groups, antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly elevated in the co-cultured submerged-floating macrophytes group, improving plant tolerance to BPA stress. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that BPA altered the abundance of algae and bacteria in epiphytic biofilms and stimulated increased secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Furthermore, microbial community analysis indicated that BPA reduced the diversity and richness of biofilm species, whereas co-cultivation significantly enriched the abundance of specific functional bacteria associated with degradation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed differential changes in polysaccharide and protein content within biofilms between monoculture and co-cultured groups under BPA exposure. Additionally, the increased content of quorum-sensing signaling molecules in plant biofilms suggests that BPA alters biofilm structure and function. These results reveal that BPA effectively activates defense mechanisms in submerged and floating macrophytes and profoundly influences the spatial structure of epiphytic biofilms. This study elucidates the effects of BPA on aquatic plants and provides a scientific basis for the application of aquatic plants and epiphytic biofilm systems in BPA bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}