Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Identification of the WRKY gene family in Bergenia purpurascens and functional analysis of BpWRKY13 under cold stress","authors":"Jingyu Chen,&nbsp;Hongyan Zeng,&nbsp;Feiyang Yan,&nbsp;Zongxiang Jiang,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Wenqing Wang,&nbsp;Qiankun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bergenia purpurascens</em>, a medicinal alpine plant, exhibits remarkable stress resilience. WRKY transcription factors are central regulators of plant stress responses, yet their family in <em>B. purpurascens</em> remains uncharacterized. Here, we identified 57 <em>BpWRKY</em> genes from <em>B. purpurascens</em> transcriptome data. Expression analysis revealed 11 <em>BpWRKY</em> genes differentially expressed under cold stress, with <em>BpWRKY13</em> showing the strongest induction. To investigate its function, we overexpressed <em>BpWRKY13</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Transgenic plants displayed significantly enhanced cold tolerance, evidenced by reduced leaf damage, increased survival, and elevated accumulation of proline and soluble proteins. Furthermore, transgenic plants exhibited increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and upregulation of cold-responsive genes. These findings indicate that <em>BpWRKY13</em> confers cold tolerance by promoting osmoprotection and activating antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study provides a crucial foundation for understanding the <em>BpWRKY</em> gene family and highlights <em>BpWRKY13</em> as a key regulator of cold resistance in <em>B. purpurascens</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109832"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific ozone stress responses of poplar: Mechanisms of enhanced tolerance of males","authors":"Xinyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tana Wuyun ,&nbsp;Zhengzhen Li ,&nbsp;Lianghua Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihong Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Ülo Niinemets ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncovering whether the ozone (O₃)-sensitivity differs between sexes in <em>Populus deltoides</em> and if so, what are the mechanisms underlying the different sensitivities is vital for understanding plant-adaptation-strategy in O₃ polluted areas. We exposed female and male saplings to 80 nmol mol⁻¹ O₃ for 14 days, measured the growth, structural and physiological characteristics, metabolite accumulations, and gene transcription levels, to test the hypothesis that the enhanced resistance in males is associated with their traits detoxifying and reducing O₃ entry into the cells. In general, females showed more severe visible injury, larger reductions in leaf biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic characteristics than males. The emission of isoprene and its synthase gene expression were inhibited by O₃ in both sexes with less reductions in males than females. The up-regulated differentially expressed genes in males under O₃ stress were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways, while in females they were primarily enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, males accumulated more lignin, lignans, and coumarins, while females accumulated more flavonoids. Overall, the stronger tolerance to O₃ in males than females was possibly related to their combined up-regulation of multiple defense pathways that reduce both the oxidative stress and O₃ permeability into cytosol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H3K36me3 regulates subsets of photosynthesis genes in Sorghum bicolor potentially by counteracting H3K27me3 or H2A.Z","authors":"Fangfang Yuan ,&nbsp;Chao He ,&nbsp;Xin Gong ,&nbsp;Gongjian Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiner Qin ,&nbsp;Zhuying Deng ,&nbsp;Xiangling Shen ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H3K36me3, catalyzed by ASHH proteins, serves as a positive histone mark associated with gene expression and plays a crucial role in plant development. In our study, we identified that sorghum SbASHH2 exhibits H3K36 methyltransferase activity. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that H3K36me3 rarely co-occurs with H3K27me3, and genome-wide profiling of these two marks indicates a non-overlapping distribution across the sorghum genome, underscoring the antagonistic relationship between H3K36me3 and H3K27me3. Furthermore, we observed that H2A.Z is deposited near the transcription start site (TSS) of genes enriched with H3K36me3, while genes with H2A.Z deposition in the gene body lack H3K36me3, suggesting an interplay between H3K36me3 and H2A.Z deposition. Our findings show that the high expression of photosynthesis genes in leaves is closely linked to H3K36me3 deposition, with only a small subset involving the removal of H3K27me3 or eviction of H2A.Z. This implies that H3K36me3 activates specific subsets of photosynthesis genes by antagonizing H3K27me3 or H2A.Z. Additionally, we found that the deposition of H3K36me3 on most photosynthesis genes is neither specific to mesophyll (M) nor bundle sheath (BS) cells and is independent of light induction. Our results emphasize the significance of H3K36me3 in the regulation of photosynthesis genes and lay the groundwork for further investigation into the mechanisms by which H3K36me3 contributes to gene regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulation of artificial light environment improves tropane alkaloids content in Atropa belladonna L.","authors":"Xupeng Gu ,&nbsp;Linlin Yang ,&nbsp;Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaoke Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Ning Dong ,&nbsp;Hanwei Li ,&nbsp;Feiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Wan ,&nbsp;Leixia Chu ,&nbsp;Chengming Dong ,&nbsp;Weisheng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light quality exerts a vital influence on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. <em>Atropa belladonna</em> L. serves as a primary source plant of tropane alkaloids (TAs). Nevertheless, in agricultural production, its application is restricted due to the relatively low content of alkaloids. This study explored the impacts of red, yellow, blue, and white light on the growth of <em>A. belladonna</em> and the biosynthesis of TAs. Through phenotypic and physiological analyses, it was found that red-light had the most significant effect on <em>A. belladonna</em>. Red-light remarkably increased the content of TAs, enlarged the leaf area, extended the stomatal length, and elevated the ammonium nitrogen level. It also enhanced the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase, which are essential for nitrogen assimilation. Transcriptomic analysis identified <em>GDHA, At2g42690</em>, and <em>PAO5</em> as key genes with upregulated expression in the putrescine biosynthesis pathway, where putrescine is an important precursor of TAs. Metabolomic data confirmed that the levels of scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and their precursors increased under red-light. Subsequent qPCR verification under red/white light treatments consistently showed the upregulation of these genes, further confirming their roles in the synthesis of TAs. Moreover, red-light activated photosynthesis-related genes and transcription factors, indicating a coordinated regulatory relationship between light signal transduction and metabolic pathways. This study has preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanism by which red-light promotes the accumulation of TAs through enhancing nitrogen metabolism and precursor synthesis, providing a theoretical basis for improving the quality of <em>A. belladonna</em> and optimizing agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109828"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calmodulin and calcium signaling in potato tuberization: The role of membrane transporters in stress adaptation","authors":"Muthu Thiruvengadam ,&nbsp;Yong-Ik Jin ,&nbsp;Hae Won Jang ,&nbsp;Arcot Rekha ,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Bum-Su Jung ,&nbsp;Jang-Won Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Bin Lee ,&nbsp;Ja-Min Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato tuberization is a complex developmental process influenced by environmental factors, such as light and temperature, as well as genetic and biochemical factors. Tuber formation is responsive to day length, with shorter days inducing tuberization more effectively than longer days. Potato tuber yield is regulated by signaling networks involving hormones, transcriptional regulators, and sugars. Calcium plays a pivotal role in this process. Elevated cytoplasmic calcium is detected by calcium sensors, including calmodulins (CaMs), calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and calcineurin-B-like proteins (CBLs), promoting tuberization and growth. This review provides mechanistic insights into calcium signaling in potato tuberization, emphasizing its role in stress adaptation. This review further explores the role of calcium/calmodulin in stress response mechanisms and the membrane transporters that facilitate adaptation to environmental challenges like drought, cold, flooding, and heat stress, which are significant threats to potato production globally. Additionally, calcium signaling helps develop tolerance to both abiotic stresses and pathogens, ultimately enhancing plant immune responses to protect potato tubers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109829"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of microbial volatile 3-methyl-1-butanol-induced salt stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings through antioxidant defense system","authors":"Diem-Kieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tri-Phuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Thach-Thao Ly ,&nbsp;Yi-Rong Li ,&nbsp;Ching-Han Chang ,&nbsp;Van-Anh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Nam Trinh ,&nbsp;Hao-Jen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have biological impacts on plants; however, it is unknown how these molecules participate in plants' responses to abiotic stress. This study aimed to determine the potential benefit of 3-methyl-1-butanol (3 MB), a microbial VOC, in helping rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) seedlings suffering from salinity stress. Our study revealed that rice seedlings primed with microbial volatile 3 MB for 12 h before exposure to salinity stress could decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell damage in rice roots. Additionally, antioxidant systems such as peroxidase (POD) isozymes 4 and 5 and catalase 1 (CAT1) increased after treatment with 3 MB + NaCl. The microbial volatile 3 MB fumigation also raised the proline content and activated the proline-related genes under 3 MB + NaCl treatment. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which 3 MB assists rice in tolerating salinity stress, transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the genome-wide gene expressions. Totally, 287 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. They are associated with phytohormone regulation, transcription factors, redox signaling, and defense responses. Through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and MapMan enrichment results of DEGs revealed that 3 MB could activate antioxidant systems, jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, and starch biosynthesis to generate more ATP, thus building a line of defense in response to salinity stress. This study provides valuation information indicating that microbial volatile 3 MB vapor can enhance salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings and clarify its underlying mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of pine SF3B1 protein and cross-species comparison highlight its conservation and biological significance in pre-mRNA splicing regulation","authors":"Yanhu Gao ,&nbsp;Yujian Mo ,&nbsp;Shanlan Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Ren ,&nbsp;Long Wei ,&nbsp;Beibei Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a key component of the largest subunit of the splicing machinery, SF3B1 plays essential roles in eukaryotic growth and development. However, only a few studies have focused on the evolutionary features and functions of this protein in plants. In this study, with the assistance of a bioinformatic analysis, we determined the complete coding sequence of the gene encoding the pine SF3B1 protein using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. The evolutionary features of SF3B1 proteins were further examined based on a phylogenetic tree of SF3B1 homologous proteins from different eukaryotes, along with comprehensive comparisons of their functional domains, conserved motifs, and cis-regulatory elements and the structures of the corresponding genes. Furthermore, the effects of the splicing modulator GEX1a on several plant species were analysed, confirming that the re-identified SF3B1, with a full-length HEAT repeat domain, is expressed and functions in pre-mRNA splicing regulation in pines. In summary, we conducted a systematic cross-species comparison of SF3B1 homologous proteins, with an emphasis on complete sequence determination and the functional confirmation of pine SF3B1, illustrating the conservation of homologous proteins in plants. This study provides a valuable reference for understanding functional and regulatory mechanisms, as well as the potential applications of SF3B1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109827"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiol-biochemical, transcriptome, and root microstructure analyses reveal the mechanism of salt shock recovery in sugar beet","authors":"Yinzhuang Dong ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li ,&nbsp;Gui Geng ,&nbsp;Lihua Yu ,&nbsp;Yao Xu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity substantially limits agricultural productivity, necessitating a sound understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms in key crops for their improved breeding. Despite being a staple sugar crop with strong salt tolerance, sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L.), remains underexplored for its transcriptional responses to salt shock. This study compared the physiological traits, root structure, and full-length transcriptomes of salt-tolerant (T510) and salt-sensitive (S210) sugar beet varieties during stages of osmotic stress (0–24 h) and ionic stress (1–7 d) after incurring salt shock. The results show that T510 recovered faster, maintaining a higher water potential (WP), better osmotic regulation, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and a balanced Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. Furthermore, while under osmotic stress, T510 exhibited extensive transcriptional reprogramming to enhance its photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation via the C₄-dicarboxylic acid (C₄) cycle, which compensated for salt shock-induced disruptions to the Calvin-Benson (C₃) cycle. Notably, elevated activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), driven by greater gene expression, enhanced the scavenging of ROS. In tandem, T510 synthesized more lignin than S210, and adapted its root microstructure to maintain water and nutrient transport functioning in the face of high salinity. Overall, these findings provide insights into the physiological, transcriptomic, and structural adaptations enabling salt tolerance in sugar beet plants, thus offering valuable strategies for strengthening crop resilience through molecular breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the physiological, metabolome, and transcriptome provided insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation of Malus crabapple","authors":"Tiantian Sun ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Wang ,&nbsp;Hongfang Ren ,&nbsp;Qingqing Xiong ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Yang ,&nbsp;Yongxia Chen ,&nbsp;Wangxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Malus</em> crabapple is highly regarded for its ornamental and garden applications, with leaf color changes serving as an essential indicator of aesthetic appeal. Despite this significance, studies focusing on crabapple leaf color transformations, particularly the fading of purplish-red hues, remain limited. This research investigates the physiological and molecular mechanisms driving leaf color changes in crabapple through physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic assays. Leaf color was analyzed across 86 crabapple varieties, with three representative varieties in different color development paths (the color change from young to mature stage) selected for detailed examination of gene expression and metabolite accumulation within the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Our findings revealed greater variation in young leaves compared to mature ones, along with higher stability in the ‘Purple to Purple’ (P-P) color path compared to the ‘Green to Green’ (G-G) and ‘Purple to Green’ (P-G) paths. The comprehensive analysis highlighted anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin and peonidin 3-glucoside in green crabapple leaves and cyanidin in purplish-red crabapple leaves, as central to leaf color regulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the fading of purplish-red is attributable to decreased accumulation of total anthocyanin and degradation of cyanidin. This process is governed by the down-regulation of anthocyanidin synthase (<em>ANS</em>) gene and the up-regulation of the anthocyanin degradation gene, peroxidase (<em>PRX</em>). Additionally, two transcription factors potentially involved in the regulation of cyanidin biosynthesis and two transcription factors regulating pelargonidin biosynthesis were identified. This study identifies candidate genes influencing anthocyanin accumulation in purplish-red leaves, providing a foundation for future investigations into leaf coloration mechanisms and crabapple breeding efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalysis of nanoparticles mediates the response of plants towards nitric oxide in air","authors":"Xueqin Xu ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Shrestha ,&nbsp;Jiawang Shu ,&nbsp;Hong Cheng ,&nbsp;Hengrui Wang ,&nbsp;Hengxin Cui ,&nbsp;Jiupai Ni ,&nbsp;Chengsheng Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule involved in plant growth and metabolism, can be synthesized endogenously or assimilated from the atmosphere. Although NO can be oxidized to nitrate or NO₂ by phototactically induced hot charge carriers over nanoparticles (NPs) under insolation, the specific role of NP-mediated NO transformation on foliage surfaces in stimulating plant enzymes remains unclear. In this research, Trident (T) and Willow (W) types of water spinach (<em>Ipomoea aquatica</em> Forsk) were employed to probe the physiological alteration by NO transformation and oxidants over photocatalytic NPs. The biomass of T was significantly enhanced by the 240-ppb NO stress or NPs, while W was immune to either condition. According to <em>in-situ</em> diffuse-reflectance-infrared-Fourier-transform spectroscopy, foliar ZnO or TiO₂ (2 mg per plant) stimulated the oxidation of NO to NO₃⁻ and the production of •OH. NPs enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and NR (nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]) in T with low SOD (superoxide dismutase, 32 ± 7 Umin⁻¹g⁻¹), NR activity (reaching 188 ± 4 nmol h⁻¹g⁻¹) was positively correlated with a 46.39 % increase in biomass. Conversely, W, endowed with ample SOD (502 ± 30 Umin⁻¹g⁻¹) to offset the stress caused by NO or NPs, displayed negligible growth or NR alterations. Our findings indicate that a high [SOD] could counterbalance the oxidizing NO stress, while the photocatalytic NO conversion into nitrate could boost the NR production in plant with low [SOD] and under NO stress. This research contributes to understanding the impact of NPs application and plant responses to pollutant gas stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109817"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}