Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) genes from Monarda citriodora establishes the key role of McDXS2 in specialized terpenoid biosynthesis","authors":"Priyanka Sharma ,&nbsp;Mir Abdul Wajid ,&nbsp;Koushik Pal ,&nbsp;Mohd Fayaz ,&nbsp;Aasim Majeed ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Deepika Singh ,&nbsp;Sheetal Bhat ,&nbsp;Wajid Waheed Bhat ,&nbsp;Prashant Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, limited information is available on the molecular basis of the biosynthesis of essential oil in the <em>Monarda citriodora</em> plant. Given the pivotal role of the MEP pathway in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes, in the present study, <em>DXS</em> genes have been functionally characterized from <em>M. citriodora</em>, for the first time. The CDS corresponding to four <em>McDXS</em> genes (1–4) were cloned, and their deduced proteins displayed distinct phylogenetic positioning. Using a bacterial complementation test, we demonstrated that all four <em>McDXS</em> genes encode functional DXS proteins. Based on the results obtained from phylogenetic analysis, tissue-specific expression analysis, and accumulation of monoterpenes, <em>McDXS2</em> was identified as the candidate gene involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes of essential oil in <em>M. citriodora</em>. Transient overexpression and silencing of <em>McDXS2</em> significantly modified the content of volatile monoterpenes in <em>M. citriodora</em>. Constitutive expression of <em>McDXS2</em> in <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> resulted in increased biosynthesis of specialized diterpenoids. Further, the exogenous treatment of MeJA, ABA, and GA₃ modulated the expression of <em>McDXS2,</em> and the content of the components of essential oil in <em>M. citriodora</em>. <em>McDXS2</em> promoter activity was primarily restricted to the glandular trichomes of <em>M. citriodora</em>. The present work demonstrates that <em>McDXS2</em> is primarily involved in the specialized terpenoid biosynthesis in <em>M. citriodora</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109961"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into roles of biochar on migration and accumulation of cadmium in Spartina alterniflora Loisel. -sediment systems and their microbial effects","authors":"Hui Jia ,&nbsp;Zhen Gao ,&nbsp;Shiming Xu ,&nbsp;Weifeng Chen ,&nbsp;JiaQian Wang ,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Malcom Frimpong Dapaah ,&nbsp;Abdallah Abdelfattah","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely recognized that remediating cadmium (Cd)-contaminated sediments using biochar (BC) can significantly influence plant growth and development. However, the efficiency of such remediation often diminishes in field trials compared to greenhouse experiments, likely due to limited comprehension of the BC addition on the plant-sediment-microbe interaction. In this study, a 56-day pot experiment demonstrated that BC application offered (i) enhanced plant root length and biomass, (ii) increased proline content, (iii) improved photosynthetic capacity (e.g., total chlorophyll content), and (iv) mitigated oxidative stress (e.g., decreased the peroxidase (POD) and (CAT) activity, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity). The increased SOD allowed better scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves (the primary site of ROS generation), thereby alleviating leaf growth retardation. Notably, the translocation factor of Cd significantly reduced to 0.0034 in BC-amended sediments, under high-Cd toxicity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis identified that BC facilitated the Cd binding ability on the wall of the root cells (up to 85.67 ± 0.88 %) by increasing the adsorption capacity of matrix polysaccharides. Furthermore, the bioavailable Cd proportion in sediments was markedly reduced after BC addition. BC also increased the relative abundances of bacteria, such as <em>Desulfuromonadia</em> and <em>Alteromonadales</em>which were involved in Cd immobilization, and enhanced microbial adaptability to Cd-stress by boosting genetic and environmental information processing functions. The mechanisms on how BC reduced the bioavailable Cd in sediment was dependent on both BC and root presence. These findings demonstrated that BC application is an effective strategy for remediating Cd-contaminated coastal wetlands, offering significant benefits for environmental health and human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of ripening capacity in 'Rocha' pears treated with 1-MCP through the application of 1-NAA: Physiological and molecular analysis insights","authors":"Cindy Dias ,&nbsp;Teresa R.S. Brandao ,&nbsp;Ana S. Salsinha ,&nbsp;Ana L. Amaro ,&nbsp;Marta W. Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;António Ferrante ,&nbsp;Manuela Pintado","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storing 'Rocha' pear treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in controlled atmosphere is a common commercial strategy to extend pear storage time and prevent postharvest disorders. However, this strategy represents a challenge to the fruit industry because 1-MCP treatment obstructs the normal fruit ripening, potentially affecting the quality to consumers. To explore possible mechanisms to reactivate ripening, 'Rocha' pears treated with 1-MCP were exposed to 2 and 4 mM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days. Typical ripening indicators, such as firmness, skin color, ethylene and aroma volatiles production, sugar content, and the genetic expression of ethylene-related enzymes (ACS and ACO) and receptors (<em>PcETR1</em>, <em>PcETR2</em>, and <em>PcETR5</em>) were determined over the 15 days of storage. A PCA analysis incorporating both physiological and biochemical data showed that 1-NAA promoted the recovery of ripening capacity in 1-MCP treated pears. Treating pears with 1-NAA led to increased activity of genes like <em>PcACS1</em>, <em>PcACS4</em>, and <em>PcETR2</em>, which are involved in ethylene signalling and production. This resulted in higher levels of ethylene and compounds associated with ripening, as well as softer texture, more yellow color, and higher sucrose content. The boost in ethylene-related gene activity likely heightened ethylene sensitivity and production in the treated pears. Consequently, these fruits showed accelerated softening, color change, and aroma development. This suggests that 1-NAA treatment can reverse the ripening inhibition caused by 1-MCP, possibly by enhancing ethylene sensitivity and production. This mechanism could enable consistent ripening of 'Rocha' pears after they are taken out of cold storage, and it may have similar effects on other fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109921"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient expression of PRISEs and Trichoderma-mediated elicitation promote iridoid production in Nepeta sibirica L.","authors":"Neda Popović ,&nbsp;Dragana Matekalo ,&nbsp;Dejan Stojković ,&nbsp;Marijana Skorić ,&nbsp;Uroš Gašić ,&nbsp;Jelena Božunović ,&nbsp;Milica Milutinović ,&nbsp;Luka Petrović ,&nbsp;Jasmina Nestorović Živković ,&nbsp;Slavica Dmitrović ,&nbsp;Boban Anđelković ,&nbsp;Milena Dimitrijević ,&nbsp;Tijana Banjanac ,&nbsp;Jovana Hrustić ,&nbsp;Danijela Mišić","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Nepeta</em> is the sole representative in the plant kingdom that produces nepetalactones, a group of iridoids with a unique stereochemistry, which play key roles in plant defense and ecological interactions. This study investigates <em>N. sibirica</em> L., a species rich in <em>cis,trans</em>-nepetalactone and 1,5,9-<em>epi</em>-deoxyloganic acid, aiming to enhance production of these bioactive iridoids by two alternative strategies: transient expression of key iridoid biosynthesis-related genes and fungal elicitation. <em>In vitro</em> treatments with <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> and <em>T. viride</em> promoted iridoid production in <em>N. sibirica</em> leaves. It appears that regulatory proteins COI1, MYC2, and YABBY5 provoke coordinated upregulation of the early iridoid pathway genes (<em>NsGPPS</em>, <em>NsGES</em>, <em>NsG8H</em>, <em>Ns8HGO</em>), and of <em>NsMLPL</em>, thus stimulating metabolic flux through the iridoid pathway and providing substrates for the downstream steps mediated by <em>NsISY</em>, <em>NsNEPS1</em>, and <em>NsNEPS2</em>. The <em>N. sibirica</em> PRISE orthologue (<em>Ns</em>PRISE) is closely related phylogenetically to the Family 1 isoforms known as P5βRs. However, its ISY-like activity was confirmed through <em>in vitro</em> assays with recombinant proteins expressed heterologously in <em>E. coli</em>. Transient overexpression experiments, which comparatively analysed <em>in planta</em> function of homologous <em>Ns</em>PRISE and previously characterized ISY and PRISE orthologues from other <em>Nepeta</em> species, suggested possible <em>in vivo</em> residual ISY-like activity of <em>Ns</em>PRISE and its involvement in iridoid production. The current study recognized <em>N. sibirica</em> as a plant susceptible to agroinfiltration, with iridoid metabolism that can be induced by pathogen attack, making it an ideal candidate for developing scalable systems for bioactive compounds production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning, expression, and functional characterization of three f 6-hydroxyalizarin glycosyltransferases from Rheum palmatum","authors":"Jing Zou ,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Li-Hong Ji ,&nbsp;Jian-Zhen Zou ,&nbsp;Yuan-Yuan Han ,&nbsp;Yi-Min Li ,&nbsp;Meng-Meng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosyltransferases are key enzymes responsible for the glycosylation of natural products in plants. The roots and rhizomes of <em>Rheum palmatum</em> Diels, commonly known as rhubarb, are well-established in traditional Chinese medicine and are rich in diverse glycoside natural products. Despite this, no glycosyltransferase from <em>R. palmatum</em> had been molecularly and biochemically characterized until now. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of three novel glycosyltransferases (GTs) - RpUGT1, RpUGT6, and RpUGT30 - that mediate f 6-hydroxyalizarin glycoside biosynthesis. These enzymes exhibit regioselective glycosylation of β-OH anthraquinones and display substrate promiscuity, acting on at least six compounds to form O-glycosides. Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis have identified critical residues essential for substrate binding and glycosylation. These results elucidate the pivotal enzymes and molecular mechanisms underlying 6-hydroxyalizarin biosynthesis in Polygonaceae plants, paving the way for the complete elucidation of this biosynthetic pathway and the construction of an artificial pathway for 6-hydroxyalizarin glycoside production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109987"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsRAP2-7 negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis and drought resistance in citrus by directly activating CsACO1","authors":"Xinyue Zhao,&nbsp;Jingheng Xie,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Wei Hu,&nbsp;Jie Song,&nbsp;Liuqing Kuang,&nbsp;Yingjie Huang,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Dechun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cuticular wax plays an important role in enhancing plant stress tolerance. While positive regulators of cuticular wax biosynthesis are well-studied, negative regulators remain largely unexplored in citrus. In the present paper, we screened and cloned an AP2/ERF family gene, <em>CsRAP2-7</em>, from navel orange. This gene is localized to the nucleus and induced by drought and ABA treatments. Overexpression of <em>CsRAP2-7</em> in lemon upregulates ethylene biosynthesis while concurrently inhibiting cuticular wax accumulation and reducing cuticular permeability, collectively leading to a marked decline in drought tolerance. CsRAP2-7 mediates its regulatory role by directly binding to the promoter of <em>CsACO1</em>, an ethylene biosynthetic gene, thereby activating its transcription. These results suggest that <em>CsRAP2-7</em> play a negative role in regulating cuticular wax biosynthesis and drought resistance by directly mediating <em>CsACO1</em> expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109983"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sorghum SbMPK3-SbNAC074 module involved in salt tolerance","authors":"Hongcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Lan Wei ,&nbsp;Feng Yu,&nbsp;Tuo Zeng,&nbsp;Lei Gu,&nbsp;Bin Zhu,&nbsp;Xuye Du","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant NAC transcription factors (TFs) are essential genes that modulate plant responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified a novel NAC TF, <em>SbNAC074</em>, in sorghum, which exhibits a response to salt stress. Overexpression of <em>SbNAC074</em> in tobacco significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. Measurements of stress-related physiological indicators revealed that the overexpression of <em>SbNAC074</em> led to a reduction in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), while simultaneously increasing the activities of key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, we identified SbMPK3, the interacting protein of SbNAC074, and established that SbMPK3 can phosphorylate SbNAC074. Consequently, this study elucidates the function of SbNAC074 and identifies the SbMPK3-SbNAC074 regulatory pathway, thereby providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying salt stress responses in sorghum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realizing the yield potential of Narrow Leaf 1 (NAL1) in rice: The way forward","authors":"Sivan Kalyani Velu ,&nbsp;Bhavini Krishnan ,&nbsp;Gayatri Venkataraman","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yield, a key parameter targeted by breeders to increase rice productivity is a complex trait, governed by source sink interactions and also subject to genotype x environmental effects. Over the last two decades, QTL mapping and map-based cloning have identified several loci and genes related to yield in rice. Among them, a variant of <em>Narrow Leaf 1</em> (<em>NAL1</em>), a gene conferring pleiotropic effects in rice, has been inadvertently selected during domestication to enhance yield in <em>japonica</em> rice. In this review, we synthesize recent literature on <em>NAL1</em> in rice, including molecular function, association with auxin transport, associated interactome, regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels that impact the narrow leaf phenotype. Causes of NAL1 pleiotropic effects are also examined, in addition to trade-offs between yield and photosynthesis conferred by distinct NAL1 variants. Finally, we suggest that the distinct allelic variants of <em>NAL1</em>, leading to partial or full functionality, found in <em>indica</em> and <em>japonica</em> rice backgrounds respectively integrate source-sink interactions to optimize rice yield in a given eco-physiological context. To realize the benefits of the fully functional <em>NAL1</em> in conferring yield benefits under field conditions, genotype background is crucial and a systems approach is essential to elucidate the causes for such differences. The way forward to enhancing yield in <em>japonica</em> rice (with fully functional <em>NAL1</em>) further by introgression of additional sink and source traits from <em>indica</em> rice is outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 109982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The magnesium-specific uptake and translocation transporters ZmMGT10 and MGR6 are upregulated not only by magnesium deficiency but also by high potassium concentrations in maize","authors":"Jasper Lauritz Dölger,&nbsp;Amit Sagervanshi,&nbsp;Britta Pitann,&nbsp;Karl Hermann Mühling","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antagonism between potassium (K⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) is the primary cause of Mg²⁺ deficiency worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that the suppressive effect of K⁺ on Mg²⁺ uptake is significantly reduced as the K⁺/Mg²⁺ ratio increases, as both cations share non-specific cation channels. Concomitantly, the relative root/shoot translocation of Mg²⁺ increased. In contrast, there are indications that elevated tissue [K⁺] impedes the primary physiological functions of Mg²⁺. In this study on <em>Zea mays</em> L., the involvement of the only known specific Mg²⁺ uptake transporter ZmMGT10 and that of the translocation transporter MGR6 was examined. In a hydroponic setup, young maize plants were subjected to eight distinct K⁺/Mg²⁺ ratios. Relative RNA expression of the two transporters was examined. In a second experiment, the effect of elevated leaf [K⁺] on the physiological functions of Mg²⁺ was investigated, while uptake antagonism was avoided. The maize plants here were subjected to a sufficient Mg²⁺ supply and absolute deficiency under conditions of adequate and excess [K⁺]. The analysis included chlorophyll values, starch, and nutrient concentration. While <em>ZmMGT10;1</em> was higher expressed due to K⁺-induced lower root [Mg⁺²], <em>ZmMGT10;2</em> showed a higher expression at high K⁺ exposure, although this response was independent of root [Mg⁺²]. A similar response was also observed for <em>MGR6</em>. It was found that the physiological functions of Mg²⁺ were not affected by increased [K⁺] in the tissue. In conclusion, the higher uptake and the elevated expression of translocation transporters were identified as an adaptation strategy of maize plants to K⁺-induced Mg²⁺ deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon metabolism and partitioning in citrus leaves is determined by hybrid, cultivar and leaf type","authors":"Mingjiong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenshan Liu ,&nbsp;Yanping Hu ,&nbsp;Shilai Yi ,&nbsp;Yueqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Shi ,&nbsp;Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The partitioning and metabolism of carbohydrates and lignin in leaves are essential for numerous physiological functions, growth and development of plants. This study was aimed to characterize these processes in four leaf types (<em>i.e.,</em> autumn-, summer-, spring- and current-year spring shoots) of two citrus hybrids (loose-skin mandarin cultivars OP (<em>i.e.,</em> cultivars ‘Orah’ (OR) <em>Citrus reticulata</em> Blanco and ‘Ponkan’ (PO) <em>Citrus reticulata</em> Blanco and the sweet orange cultivars NT ‘Newhall navel orange’ (NO) <em>Citrus sinensis</em> (L.) Osbeck and ‘Tarocco’ (TA) <em>Citrus sinensis</em> (L.) Osbeck) differing in fruit maturation under field conditions. For this purpose, we analyzed the levels of foliar structural, non-structural carbohydrates and lignin and the expression of related genes. Our results showed that the contents of structural, non-structural carbohydrates and lignin measured in the two hybrids and its partitioning were mostly determined by differences in gene expression recorded in hybrids, cultivars and leaf type. Particularly, differences between leaf types were largely attributed to up- and down-regulation of the expression of genes of cellulose synthesis, lignin precursor synthesis, the Calvin cycle, glycolysis, the tricarbonic acid and starch synthesis and degradation pathways. These differences between leaf types required more complex transcriptional regulation than differences between hybrids and cultivars. The present results indicated that the two citrus hybrids studied differed in the expression of structural, non-structural carbohydrates and lignin-related genes. Future studies have to show if the differences observed in foliar partitioning and metabolism of carbohydrates and lignin are translated into partitioning and metabolism of carbohydrates and lignin in the roots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109978"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}