Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ca2+ signaling is required for high ambient temperature perception in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Mengyun Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen-Ming Pei ,&nbsp;Yibo Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is a key environmental factor affecting plant growth and development. With the increase in global warming, it is important to understand the signal transduction pathways through which plants perceive and respond to elevated ambient temperature. Calcium (Ca²⁺) is a second messenger in various environmental stresses in plants. However, the function of Ca²⁺ in sensing elevated ambient temperature has not yet been well addressed in plants. In this study, using the Ca²⁺ sensitive aequorin reporter or GFP-based yellow cameleon 3.6 reporter in plants, we show that high temperature treatments transiently increase cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. We also found that Ca²⁺ is required for warm temperature-induced hypocotyl growth. In addition, our RNA-seq data show that transcriptional reprogramming in response to warm temperature is partially dependent on Ca²⁺. We further identified Ca²⁺ signaling-related components involved in the decoding of the response to elevated ambient temperature to support our hypothesis. Taken together, our results suggest that plants possess a Ca²⁺ signaling pathway to sense thermal changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110586"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of four terpene synthase genes involved in nerolidol and linalool biosynthesis in Santalum album leaves induced by methyl jasmonate","authors":"Yuqing Wang ,&nbsp;Chuting Wu ,&nbsp;Yuping Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhan Bian ,&nbsp;Yunfei Yuan ,&nbsp;Yongxia Jia ,&nbsp;Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ,&nbsp;Guohua Ma ,&nbsp;Xinhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Santalum album</em> is highly valued for its fragrant essential oil from heartwood. Volatile terpenoids involved in aroma formation in plants can be emitted in response to a variety of environmental stresses. However, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning the response of <em>S. album</em> to external stresses are not yet known. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of <em>S. album</em> leaves was investigated after the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a stressor. Eight classes of volatile organic compounds were identified in <em>S. album</em> leaves, including terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, benzenoids, alkanes and heterocyclic compounds. In total, 15 terpenoids, such as ocimene, linalool, nerolidol and α-farnesene, were considerably induced 6 h after MeJA treatment, amounting to 38.01 % of all volatiles. Notably, transcript levels of the genes in the MVA pathway were enhanced by 2- to 8-fold after 6 h of MeJA treatment compared to the control. Exogenously applied MeJA resulted in the significant upregulation of ten terpene synthase (SaTPS) genes. <em>In vitro</em> enzyme activity assays confirmed that four SaTPS recombinant proteins converted substrates into (<em>E</em>)-nerolidol and linalool. Overexpression of the four <em>SaTPS</em> genes produced (<em>E</em>)-nerolidol, (<em>Z</em>)-nerolidol and linalool in sandalwood callus. These results suggest that the four <em>SaTPS</em> genes have the ability to synthesize nerolidol and linalool in <em>S. album</em> leaves in response to MeJA treatment. This study provides insight into the regulatory mechanism of the biosynthesis of terpenoids in <em>S. album</em> in response to an environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cycloartenol-derived triterpenoid pathway genes alter the root metabolome and microbiome in tomato","authors":"Alessandra Guerrieri ,&nbsp;Davar Abedini ,&nbsp;Fred White ,&nbsp;Jurre Bleeker ,&nbsp;Gertjan Kramer ,&nbsp;Lemeng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant triterpenoids derived from cycloartenol are central to sterol homeostasis and specialized metabolite production, yet their roles in shaping rhizosphere interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the function of key cycloartenol-derived triterpenoid biosynthetic genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by transiently silencing <em>CYCLOARTENOL SYNTHASE 1</em> (<em>SlCAS1</em>), <em>STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 1</em> (<em>SlSMT1</em>), <em>STEROL SIDE CHAIN REDUCTASE 2</em> (<em>SlSSR2</em>), <em>and PHYTOENE DESATURASE</em> (<em>SlPDS</em>). <em>SlCAS1</em> suppression caused severe growth inhibition, confirming the essential role of cycloartenol for plant development. Silencing of <em>SlSMT1</em> and <em>SlSSR2</em> altered root sterol composition, with <em>SlSMT1</em> reducing β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and <em>SlSSR2</em> causing decreases in cholesterol as well as significant reductions in steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) and steroidal saponins (SAs). By contrast, <em>SlPDS</em> silencing unexpectedly led to elevated sterol levels and broad metabolome shifts. Untargeted metabolomics revealed gene-specific alterations in root and exudate profiles, while molecular networking highlighted the rapid loss of SGAs in exudates, suggesting microbial degradation. Integration of metabolomic and 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that changes in sterols, SGAs, and saponins were associated with distinct bacterial families, including Comamonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Together, these findings demonstrate that cycloartenol-derived triterpenoid pathway genes strongly influence root metabolite composition and shape the assembly of tomato root-associated microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110584"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of multi-sensing technologies for high-throughput morphological, physiological, and biochemical phenotyping of drought-stressed watermelon plants","authors":"Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada ,&nbsp;Eunsoo Park ,&nbsp;Jinsu Lim ,&nbsp;Kihyun Kim ,&nbsp;Ramaraj Sathasivam ,&nbsp;Sang Un Park ,&nbsp;Hangi Kim ,&nbsp;Byoung-Kwan Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) technologies are rapidly transforming plant science by enabling real-time, non-invasive, and large-scale monitoring of complex morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. However, existing platforms often lack integration across sensing modalities and analytical depth necessary for early and comprehensive phenotypic trait analysis. In this study, we developed a fully automated, multimodal HTPP system combining RGB, shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral, multispectral fluorescence imaging (MSFI), and thermal imaging to characterize drought-stressed watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em>) plants. RGB imaging facilitated detailed morphological analysis by extracting color-based traits, quantifying plant height and canopy area, and accurately distinguishing growth stages. SWIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enabled non-invasive biochemical assessment by detecting drought-responsive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activities, while also supporting the classification of stress severity. This spectral profiling revealed key biochemical alterations triggered by water deficit. MSFI liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF-based) measured chlorophyll <em>a</em> (Chl-a), chlorophyll <em>b</em> (Chl-b), and total chlorophyll (t-Chl) levels, providing critical insights into photosynthetic performance under drought stress. Thermal imaging further enhanced drought assessment by capturing canopy temperature variations, which were used to derive thermal indices for indirect estimation of soil volumetric water content (SVWC). By integrating complementary imaging modalities, the proposed system captured comprehensive phenotypic responses with high predictive accuracy for early detection of drought stress and assessment of plant health. Advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models further enhanced trait extraction and classification, enabling robust analysis of complex, high-dimensional data. This automated, multimodal platform offers scalable, non-invasive crop monitoring, providing precise insights to support drought resilience and precision agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Shadow government\": how transcription factors regulate plant cell wall formation","authors":"Natalia Mokshina,&nbsp;Natalya Syrchina","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant cell wall is a dynamic, structurally complex supramolecular compartment essential for the development, defense, and adaptation of plants to their environment. While the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of secondary cell walls (SCWs) have been extensively studied and are relatively well characterized, the hierarchical transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) orchestrating the formation of primary and tertiary cell walls (PCWs and TCWs) remain less well understood. Although all plant cells possess PCWs, the regulation of their biosynthesis remains enigmatic. Even less is known about TCWs, which are exclusive to fibers. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of plant cell wall biosynthesis, highlighting recent progress as well as ongoing knowledge gaps. We examine the inherent challenges in studying PCWs, given their indispensable role in cell viability, which complicates experimental dissection. Meanwhile TCW formation, inherent to specialized mechanical tissue such as sclerenchyma, is controlled by a distinct tissue-specific regulatory program, elements of which remain unidentified and appear fundamentally different from those of the SCW TRN, despite TCWs being considered a layer within SCWs. Though these programs remain elusive, they exhibit all the characteristics of a well-organized \"shadow government\": influential, precisely coordinated, and remarkably difficult to detect. By synthesizing insights across diverse plant systems and incorporating the latest genomic and transcriptomic approaches, this review outlines the current state of plant cell wall regulation research and identifies promising directions for future investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside accumulation and enzyme functional characterization of zingibroside R₁ and ginsenoside Ro biosynthesis in Panax zingiberensis.","authors":"Yunfei Hu, Chenshuo Zhang, Geng Chen, Guanghui Zhang, Ming Zhao, Shengchao Yang, Junrong Tang, Qingyan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Panax zingiberensis is rich in oleanane-type ginsenosides and has gained significant attention as a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine. However, the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in P. zingiberensis, particularly the downstream glycosylation pathway, remains largely unexplored. The accumulations of ginsenoside Rg₁ (G-Rg₁), ginsenoside Rb₁ (G-Rb₁), ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro), chikusetsusaponin IVa (C-IVa), and chikusetsusaponin IV (C-IV) were quantified in different tissues of 2-year-old and 4-year-old P. zingiberensis. The results indicated that these ginsenosides primarily accumulated in the underground part, with higher concentrations found in the biennial of P. zingiberensis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes related to ginsenoside accumulation were differentially expressed in different tissues in different years of P. zingiberensis. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) also identified some genes extremely related to ginsenoside synthesis. Notably, we identified PzUGT2, a key gene in the downstream glycosylation step of ginsenoside biosynthesis. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that it catalyzes the reaction of oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide and C-IVa with UDP-Glc to form zingiberoside R₁ and G-Ro, respectively. The critical amino acid residues involved in this catalytic process were further characterized through molecular docking studies. This research elucidates the mechanisms of ginsenoside biosynthesis and accumulation in P. zingiberensis, highlighting two key glycosylation steps within the downstream pathway of ginsenoside biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 Pt C","pages":"110581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of TaNAC6-3B: A key regulator of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Yong-jia Feng ,&nbsp;De-jun Han ,&nbsp;Wei-jun Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhen-sheng Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) productivity. Previous studies have shown that reducing irrigation water use by approximately 40 % can cause a 20.6 % decrease in wheat yield. Therefore, improving drought resistance is a priority in wheat breeding programs. For genetic improvement of drought tolerance, systematic investigation of drought-responsive molecular mechanisms is crucial. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted on leaf and root tissues of the drought-tolerant wheat cultivar ChangWu134 under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Further systematic analysis identified a key drought tolerance gene <em>TaNAC6-3B.</em> Functional characterization of the candidate NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) family transcription factor <em>TaNAC6-3B</em> revealed its nuclear localization. Transgenic overexpression lines had significantly enhanced drought tolerance, and transcriptome profiling revealed up-regulation of NCED and ABA responsive genes and drought-responsive genes. Mechanism studies have revealed that <em>TaNAC6-3B</em> activates the expression of the LEA (Late embryogenesis abundant) protein gene <em>TaLEA1-2B</em> via direct binding to its promoter. The results of this study provide clues for analysis of the genetic basis of drought tolerance in ChangWu134, and also provide candidate genetic resources for breeding for drought tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated breeding strategies for blue lotus based on petal pH, anthocyanin profiling, and gene expression analysis","authors":"Qingqing Liu ,&nbsp;Hanchun Li ,&nbsp;Houchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yumeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Wen Shao ,&nbsp;Yu Kong ,&nbsp;Li Tu ,&nbsp;Fengluan Liu ,&nbsp;Naifeng Fu ,&nbsp;Daike Tian ,&nbsp;Dasheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lotus (<em>Nelumbo</em> Adans.) is an important aquatic ornamental plant, yet it exhibits limited color diversity and lacks blue or purple flowers. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying flower coloration and to develop targeted strategies for breeding blue lotus through integrating analyses of petal anatomy, pigment profiles, vacuolar pH, and anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression. We found that petal pigments in the palisade parenchyma primarily determine color, with epidermal cell structure playing a negligible role. A freeze-induced color shift from red to blue was attributed to a pH increase following vacuole rupture rather than to changes in anthocyanin composition. Anthocyanin profiling verified the presence of delphinidin-based pigments in red cultivars, indicating an intact biosynthetic pathway for blue pigments. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the absence of anthocyanins in yellow and white flowers was linked to severely reduced expression of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), while downstream genes, including the crucial <em>F3′5′H</em>, <em>DFR</em> and <em>ANS</em>, were highly expressed in yellow petals. Using grey relational analysis, we selected nine elite parental candidates suitable for breeding blue lotus. In conclusion, a promising strategy for breeding blue lotus involves hybridizing Asian lotuses (exhibiting high 4CL expression) with American lotus (showing high <em>F3′5′H</em>, <em>DFR</em>, <em>ANS</em> expression), which is anticipated to promote delphinidin accumulation, combined with future efforts to elevate vacuolar pH to near that of the petal sap through genetic techniques. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical germplasm resources for the molecular breeding of blue lotus flowers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum mitigates the deleterious effects of waterlogging in soybean plants in a scenario of enhanced atmospheric CO2","authors":"Eduardo Pereira Shimoia ,&nbsp;Douglas Antônio Posso ,&nbsp;Cristiane Jovelina da-Silva ,&nbsp;Adriano Udich Bester ,&nbsp;Nathalia Dalla Corte Bernardi ,&nbsp;Junior Borella ,&nbsp;Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ,&nbsp;Ana Claudia Barneche de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Luis Antonio de Avila ,&nbsp;Luciano do Amarante","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations directly influence photosynthesis and productivity in C₃ plants, contributing to global warming and altering hydrological cycles, which in turn increase extreme rainfall events. Soybean, a waterlogging-sensitive crop, exhibits marked yield reductions under such conditions. Legumes establish symbioses with diazotrophic bacteria and are increasingly co-inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance stress resilience. While elevated CO₂ (e[CO₂]) and PGPB generally stimulate photosynthesis and growth, waterlogging often counteracts these benefits by intensifying photorespiratory activity. This study investigated the effects of <em>Bradyrhizobium</em> inoculation (IB) and co-inoculation with <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> (CA) on soybean carbon and nitrogen metabolism under waterlogging and e[CO₂] (750 μmol mol⁻¹ vs. ambient 420 μmol mol⁻¹). At the V4 stage, plants were subjected to seven days of waterlogging followed by four days of drainage. Measurements included gas exchange, glycolate oxidase (GO), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and biometric traits. e[CO₂] significantly enhanced gas exchange, an effect further amplified by CA. The synergistic interaction between e[CO₂] and CA improved photosynthetic performance during both stress and recovery. GO activity was reduced under CA and e[CO₂], though it increased transiently under waterlogging. Waterlogging upregulated GS-GOGAT activity, which returned to baseline after the post-drainage. Under e[CO₂], GS-GOGAT activity declined, but CA maintained higher activity than IB. Co-inoculated plants improved the growth metrics under all conditions, with e[CO₂] further enhancing performance. Overall, e[CO₂] improved photosynthesis and suppressed photorespiration, while CA mitigated waterlogging-induced photorespiratory stress and preserved nitrogen metabolism. These results demonstrate that co-inoculation with <em>Azospirillum</em> and e[CO₂] synergistically enhances soybean resilience to waterlogging, offering a sustainable strategy for climate-smart agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential aluminium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Sikkim Himalaya: cellular Al-management determines tolerance","authors":"Poonam Chetry ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;Pragati Yadav ,&nbsp;Shailendra Goel ,&nbsp;Shanti S. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium (Al) toxicity comprises a constraint on acidic soils, substantially restricting plant productivity. We characterized the Al tolerance of ten unique rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) landraces from Sikkim Himalaya, known for rich diversity and cultivation of rice. Determination of root growth response to Al (0–100 μM) using activated charcoal staining revealed strong landrace specific variations in Al tolerance. Among tested landraces, Kalo tukmar and Krishna bhog proved most Al tolerant and sensitive, respectively. The charcoal staining assay offers an apparent advantage of greater accuracy and convenience over the conventional one for analysis of Al tolerance. Histochemical Al localization showed the degree of Al tolerance to be inversely related to that of root Al burden. The latter was associated with correspondingly increased loss of membrane integrity and level of lipid peroxidation. ROS (O₂⁻<strong><img></strong> and H₂O₂) accumulation and transcript abundance of <em>OsCAT</em> and <em>OsMSD1</em> are consistent with a link between redox metabolism and Al toxicity. A reduction in Al toxicity magnitude due to verapamil, a Ca²⁺ channel blocker, signifies the involvement of altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis in Al toxicity development. Differential <em>OsNrat1</em> and <em>OsALS1</em> transcript accumulation suggests a contrasting contribution of detoxification via vacuolar sequestration towards Al tolerance of two Al tolerant rice landraces namely, Kalo tukmar and Champasari. Thus, only the former seemed to rely on vacuolar sequestration. Upregulation of <em>OsNrat1</em> with a concomitant downregulation of <em>OsALS1</em> causing cytosolic Al retention likely contributed to the enhanced Al sensitivity of Krishna bhog. Findings indicate differences in the mechanism(s) of Al tolerance of tested rice landraces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110576"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}