Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Riboflavin improves postharvest cold tolerance in zucchini fruit inducing non-enzymatic antioxidant response and phenolic metabolism","authors":"Alejandro Castro-Cegrí,&nbsp;Alicia García,&nbsp;Dolores Garrido,&nbsp;Francisco Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The storage of zucchini fruit at low temperatures during postharvest induces a physiological disorder called chilling injury that drastically reduces fruit quality and shelf life. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the acquisition of cold tolerance in zucchini fruit, being the riboflavin pathway one of the most differentially induced with ABA treatment. Thus, the aim of this work was to elucidate the involvement of riboflavin in quality maintenance of zucchini fruit during postharvest cold storage. After testing different concentrations of exogenous riboflavin, 0.5 mM showed the best results. Riboflavin treatment reduced H₂O₂ content, but the enzymatic antioxidant defense did not change significantly. This response is due to a rise of non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, by accumulating metabolites like ascorbate and carotenoids, as well as inducing phenolic metabolism. The application of this vitamin enhanced the phenolic and flavonoid content in fruit, concomitant with an induction of PAL and C4H activities and an inhibition of PPO activity. This enhancement of the phenylpropanoid pathway resulted in high vanillic acid and quercetin levels at first day of cold storage. The induction of numerous antioxidant compounds and abscisic acid by riboflavin treatment at short-term postharvest period could be responsible for the lack of chilling injuries in zucchini fruit. Therefore, riboflavin could be successfully implemented in the food industry as an alternative to physical or chemical treatments, due to it is an innocuous additive with good water solubility and low cost, as it prolongs the shelf-life of zucchini fruit and increases its nutraceutical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery and functional characterization of two novel glycosyltransferases associated with the biosynthesis of α-hederin in Dipsacus asperoides","authors":"Weilin Yao ,&nbsp;Tengfei Niu ,&nbsp;Jie Pan ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Yang ,&nbsp;Chaokang Huang ,&nbsp;Huida Guan ,&nbsp;Li Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Wang ,&nbsp;Rufeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triterpenoid saponins are crucial natural products widely distributed in various medicinal plants, with <em>Dipsacus asperoides</em> being particularly rich in these compounds. However, the glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of α-hederin, one of the primary bioactive secondary metabolites in <em>D. asperoides</em>, have not been elucidated. In this study, transcriptomic and compound analyses revealed 359 differentially expressed genes associated with secondary metabolism, with 271 involved in triterpenoid saponin glycosylation. Through correlation analysis, 71 candidate glycosyltransferases were identified, and two novel glycosyltransferases were functionally characterized. It was shown that DaUGT121 catalyzes the conversion of hederagenin into cauloside A, while DaUGT103 acts as a cauloside A 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase transforming cauloside A into α-hederin. These findings illuminate the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in <em>D. asperoides</em>, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms and offering novel tools for synthesizing natural products with diverse sugar moieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of UDP-glycosyltransferase of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers in quercitrin biosynthesis and consequent antioxidant defense","authors":"Chenglang Pan ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yunjie Xie ,&nbsp;Chonglong Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Sun ,&nbsp;Shenshen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangzhen Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Chen ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Caijin Tuo ,&nbsp;Jiazeng Pan ,&nbsp;Zhizhen Fang ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants in the Crassulaceae family are rich in flavonoids, which may contribute to their high antioxidant activity and strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. <em>Kalanchoe</em> spp. are known to have high antioxidant activity, but the main components responsible for this activity and the mechanisms that control antioxidant accumulation in these plants are unknown. In this study, we identified the dominant flavonoid and investigated the mechanisms of its accumulation in <em>Kalanchoe</em> leaves. A wide metabolomics analysis showed that flavonoids were the most enriched metabolites in the leaves of <em>Kalanchoe pinnata</em> (Lam.) Pers, <em>Kalanchoe delagoensis</em> (Eckl. et Zeyh.) Druce, and <em>Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi</em> ‘Rosy Dawn’. Among these metabolites, levels of quercitrin were significantly higher in <em>K. pinnata</em> (Lam.) Pers than in the other two species. RNA-seq and targeted metabolomics analyses conducted on four different <em>K. pinnata</em> (Lam.) Pers tissues indicated that UDP-glycosyltransferase regulates the synthesis of quercitrin. Using in vitro enzyme assays and overexpression in tobacco we demonstrated that KpUGT74F catalyzes glycosylation of quercetin to produce quercitrin. This study identified the major antioxidant substances and their key regulatory mechanisms in <em>Kalanchoe pinnata</em> (Lam.) Pers to provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the high stress tolerance of these plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a protective shield: The role of wound healing in reducing postharvest decay and preserving quality of citrus fruit","authors":"Xiaoquan Gao ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Ou Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Kaifang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postharvest citrus fruit is susceptible to pathogenic infestation and quality reduction through wounds, leading to tremendous commercial losses. Herein, wound healing of citrus fruit was obviously at 25 °C for five days to form a barrier effective against the development of infectious diseases and water dissipation. Combined with the results of transcriptional and metabolic levels, wound healing activated the expression of <em>CsKCS4</em>, <em>CsKCS11</em>, <em>CsCYP704B1</em>, <em>CsFAH1</em>, <em>CsGPAT3</em> and <em>CsGPAT9</em> genes in suberin biosynthesis pathway, and <em>CsPMEI7</em>, <em>CsCesA-D3</em>, <em>CsXTH2</em>, <em>CsXTH6</em>, <em>CsXTH22</em>, <em>CsXTH23</em>, <em>CsXTH24</em>, <em>CsC4H</em> and <em>CsCAD</em> genes in cell wall metabolism pathway, leading to the accumulation of suberin monomers and cell wall components. The results of microscopic observations proved wound healing promoted suberin deposition and cell wall strengthening. Meanwhile, wound healing required the provision of energy and precursor substances by carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. We provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of wound healing on improving disease resistance and maintaining the quality of citrus fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of tomato plants by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) potentiates the ethylene and salicylic acid pathways to fend off root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) parasitism","authors":"Ayub Azaryan,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Atighi,&nbsp;Masoud Shams-Bakhsh","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature, it is common for plants to be infected by multiple pathogens simultaneously, and deciphering the underlying mechanisms of such interactions has remained elusive. The occurrence of root-knot nematode (RKN), <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; <em>Begomovirus coheni</em>) has been reported in most tomato cultivation areas. We investigated the interaction between RKN and TYLCV in tomato plants at phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression levels. Several treatments were considered including mock inoculation, inoculation with TYLCV or RKN alone, simultaneous inoculation with both TYLCV and RKN, and sequential inoculations with a five-day interval. Among them, simultaneous inoculation showed the highest impact on RKN suppression compared to mock-inoculated plants. Biochemical assays in the time-point experiments demonstrated that the pick of defense capacity of plants occurs at 48- and 72-h post-inoculation. Gene expression analyses utilizing marker genes from main hormonal pathways involved in plant defense, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), indicated that ET and SA are highly involved in the potentiation of TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. To validate the action of SA and ET in the induction of defense against RKN by TYLCV, transgenic lines deficient in SA (<em>NahG</em>) and ET (<em>ACD</em>) accumulation were co-inoculated with TYLCV and RKN. Both transgenic lines failed to express TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. These findings demonstrate an antagonistic effect of TYLCV against RKN in tomato plants, mediated by SA and ET signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant anthocyanins: Classification, biosynthesis, regulation, bioactivity, and health benefits","authors":"Zhaogeng Lu ,&nbsp;Xinwen Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Lin ,&nbsp;Salma Mostafa ,&nbsp;Helin Zou ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Biao Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthocyanins are naturally water-soluble pigments of plants, which can be pink, orange, red, purple, or blue. Anthocyanins belong to a subcategory of flavonoids known as polyphenols and are consumed in plant-based foods. The antioxidant properties of anthocyanins benefit human health. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the classification, distribution, and biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their regulation in plants, along with their potential health benefits. In this review, we provide a systematic synthesis of recent progress in anthocyanin research, specifically focusing on the classification, biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, bioactivity, and health benefits. We bridge the gaps in understanding anthocyanin biological significance and potential applications. Furthermore, we discuss future directions for anthocyanin research, such as biotechnology, bioavailability, and the integration of artificial intelligence. We highlight pivotal research questions that warrant further exploration in the field of anthocyanin research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant SMC5/6 complex: DNA repair, developmental regulation, and immune responses","authors":"Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiru Fang ,&nbsp;Pingxian Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanchen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the structural integrity and morphology of chromosomes, thereby contributing to genomic stability—a cornerstone for normal growth and development across organisms. Beyond its fundamental role in eukaryotic DNA damage repair, recent research has broadened our understanding of SMC5/6's multifaceted functions. It has emerged as a crucial regulator not only of the cell cycle but also in developmental processes, plant immunity, and meiotic DNA damage repair. In this review, we highlight its novel roles in modulating plant growth, development, and immunity, providing fresh perspectives on how this complex might help combat DNA damage stress and orchestrate growth strategies. Furthermore, we emphasize that SMC5/6 offers a unique window into the intricate mechanisms underlying genomic maintenance, development, and stress responses, with profound implications for crop improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of water deficit on two cultivars of Hibiscus mutabilis: A comprehensive study on morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Xue Yong ,&nbsp;Mengxi Wu ,&nbsp;Beibei Jiang ,&nbsp;Yin Jia ,&nbsp;Jiao Ma ,&nbsp;Lisha Mou ,&nbsp;Shengwen Tang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hibiscus mutabilis</em>, commonly known as the cotton rose, is a widely cultivated ornamental and has been acclaimed as the representative flower of the 2024 World Horticultural Exposition. The growth and ornamental characteristics of <em>Hibiscus mutabilis</em> can be affected by drought stress. Therefore, we investigated the physiological and metabolic responses of drought-sensitive <em>Hibiscus mutabilis</em> JRX-1 and drought-tolerant <em>Hibiscus mutabilis</em> CDS-4 under drought stress. The results of the physiological analyses revealed that, compared to JRX-1,CDS-4 maintained good growth and greater water use efficiency through stronger antioxidant defences, osmoregulatory capacity and stomatal regulation. A total of 3277 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, of which 663 metabolites presented changes in expression under drought conditions, including 306 upregulated metabolites and 357 downregulated metabolites. Secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and diterpenoids, are crucial in the plant response to drought stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the differentially aboundant metabolites were significantly enriched in the pathways valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation; linoleic acid metabolism; one carbon pool by folate; and folate biosynthesis. The results of this study will not only help to elucidate and apply the physiological and metabolic regulatory strategies of <em>Hibiscus mutabilis</em> to improve its adaptation to water deficit conditions, but will also provide valuable guidance to breeders and molecular biologists in the screening and use of drought resistant genes in ornamental plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin promotes the recovery of iron chlorosis in strawberry plants","authors":"Maribela Pestana ,&nbsp;Teresa Saavedra ,&nbsp;Florinda Gama ,&nbsp;Maria A. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Amarilis de Varennes ,&nbsp;José Paulo Da Silva ,&nbsp;Pedro José Correia","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) chlorosis is very common in plants cultivated in calcareous soils of the Mediterranean basin and is usually corrected by the application of Fe chelates to the soil, which can have a negative impact on the environment. The aim of this experiment was to assess the role of quercetin, a natural compound widely present in plants and known to bind Fe, in correcting Fe chlorosis when supplied in the Hoagland nutrient solution. In this context, strawberry plants were grown at different Fe concentrations, with 0 (Fe0), 1 (Fe1) and 5 (Fe5) μM of Fe in the nutrient solution, until the onset of clear Fe chlorosis symptoms. Subsequently, the recovery of Fe chlorosis was investigated through the addition of Fe and/or quercetin (Q) to nutrient solutions. Throughout the experiment, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) was estimated using the SPAD values. The root ferric chelate-reductase (FCR) activity was determined in the root apices, and the foliar Fe concentration was also quantified. At the end of the experiment, plants grown without Fe but supplemented with Fe1 plus quercetin [Fe0+(Fe1+Q)] recovered completely from Fe chlorosis and showed a Chl concentration (700–800 μmol m⁻²) in young leaves similar to that observed in control plants (Fe5). The remaining treatments exhibited lower Chl concentrations, with values ranging from 92.4 to 217.0 μmol of Chl per m². FCR activity was approximately five-to six-fold higher in the Fe0+(Fe1+Q) treatment than in the Fe0 and Fe5 treatments. However, the plants that were consistently grown with Fe in the nutrient solution (Fe1 and Fe5) exhibited the highest Fe content in their leaves. The findings suggest that quercetin has the potential to function as an Fe complexing agent, thereby enhancing the recovery of strawberry plants with Fe deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling contribution and fate of nitrogen with 15N techniques affected by microbial co-inoculation on field-grown maize: A novel approach to optimize N-fertilizer use efficiency","authors":"Fernando Shintate Galindo ,&nbsp;Paulo Humberto Pagliari ,&nbsp;Edson Cabral da Silva ,&nbsp;Bruno Horschut de Lima ,&nbsp;Guilherme Carlos Fernandes ,&nbsp;Cassio Carlette Thiengo ,&nbsp;João Victor Silva Bernardes ,&nbsp;Arshad Jalal ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Duprat dos Santos ,&nbsp;Pedro Augusto Fedato Longato ,&nbsp;Deyvison de Asevedo Soares ,&nbsp;Lucila de Sousa Vilela ,&nbsp;Reges Heinrichs ,&nbsp;Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ,&nbsp;José Lavres","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this research were to: i) develop a mechanistic understanding of the synergy between microbial co-inoculation, nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and maize plants on biological ¹⁵N fixation, and ¹⁵N-recovery from applied fertilizers; and ii) explore the mechanist effects of microbial co-inoculation on N fractionations and derivation (fertilizer, atmosphere and soil), physiological responses on water use and carboxylation efficiencies and growth by using two different isotopic techniques under field conditions. Treatments included four seed inoculations (Control, <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>A. brasilense</em>, and the combination of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>A. brasilense</em>), along with five levels of N application (0–240 kg N ha⁻¹). Overall, the results indicate that maize co-inoculation with the above-mentioned bacteria enhanced photosynthetic efficiency leading to improved carboxylation efficiency and instantaneous water use efficiency in maize plants, likely due to an increase in net photosynthetic rate. This effect was more evident under low N availability. The findings also suggest that co-inoculation enhanced the ability of maize plants to absorb CO₂, adjust to different soil N levels, and carry out photosynthesis, which resulted in higher carbon fixation and better maize growth. The N obtained from the atmosphere resulting from inoculation ranged from 25 to 50 kg N ha⁻¹. Nonetheless, N application rates exceeding 186 kg N ha⁻¹ substantially diminished the ability of these bacteria to fix N₂. The combination of inoculation with the application of 120–180 kg N ha⁻¹ led to a synergistic effect resulting in the greatest N-use efficiency, -recovery and grain yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}