Plant Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Short-day shading increases soluble sugar content in citrus fruit primarily through promoting sucrose distribution, starch degradation and sucrose storage ability","authors":"Fatima Zaman ,&nbsp;Dong-Hai Liu ,&nbsp;Yong-Zhong Liu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abbas Khan ,&nbsp;Shariq Mahmood Alam ,&nbsp;Yin Luo ,&nbsp;Han Han ,&nbsp;Yan-Ting Li ,&nbsp;Abdelmonem Elshahat","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugar is a key factor, significantly affecting fruit flavor quality through sucrose metabolism and accumulation. This study investigated the effect of short-day shading on the accumulation of soluble sugars in citrus fruits by using ‘Nanfeng’ tangerine (<em>Citrus reticulata</em> cv. Nanfeng) as materials. Results revealed that using a black net with 12 % light transmittance for 18-day shading remarkably increased soluble sugars and decreased starch content in fruits. Moreover, expresion levels of two cell wall invertase genes (<em>CwINV6</em>/<em>7</em>) and one sucrose synthase genes (<em>CsSUS6</em>) in the segment membrane (SM) were increased significantly at 18 DAS. On the other hand, in juice sacs (JS), expression levels of vacuolar invertase (<em>VINV)</em>, five sucrose synthase genes (<em>CsSUS1</em>-<em>5</em>), two sucrose phosphate synthases (<em>CsSPS1</em>/<em>3</em>), some sugar transporter genes including <em>STP7</em>, <em>SUT1</em>/<em>2</em>/<em>3</em>, two SWEET genes (<em>SWEET5</em>/<em>10</em>), two vacuolar glucose transporter genes (<em>VGT1</em>/<em>2</em>), two tonoplast monosaccharide transporter genes (<em>TMT1/2</em>), and two citrus type I V-PPase genes (<em>CsVPP1</em>/<em>2</em>) were increased significantly at 18DAS as compared to control. Furthermore, starch degradation related gene <em>ISA3, BAM3, GWD and PWD</em> were also significantly induced by 18-day shading. Overall, this study suggested that short-day shading (12 %) enhances soluble sugar accumulation in citrus fruit, primarily by promoting starch degradation and soluble sugar storage in the JS, except for the increase of sucrose distribution to the fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109779"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of beneficial microorganisms and phenolic compounds in hydroponically cultivated tomato plants","authors":"María Hurtado-Navarro ,&nbsp;Paula Garcia-Ibañez ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Pascual ,&nbsp;Micaela Carvajal","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined effects of applying extracts derived from plant debris and biostimulant microorganisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the interaction between these components and plants remains poorly understood. Utilizing the commercial cherry tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> cv. Unidarkwin) as a study model, we conducted a hydroponic experiment in a controlled growth chamber to assess the impact of foliar application of phenolic compounds extracted from <em>Vitis vinifera</em> leaves, combined with the inoculation of <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> or <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> via roots. Plant growth, gas exchange and root architecture were measured and mineral nutrients, chlorophylls and phenolic compounds were analysed. The results showed that phenolic compounds produced an increase in root fresh weight, by the enhanced root length. This could be related to the improved transpiration rate, sub-stomatal CO₂ concentration, phosphorus and iron concentration in the roots. A positive effect was also found by <em>B. velezensis</em> application in root length development that could be related to the increase in hydraulic conductance. However, <em>T. harzianum</em> inoculation only showed higher root diameter and volume in combination to phenolic application, but with no effect on growth. The absence of caffeic acid and sinapic acid in the Hoagland solution used in the <em>B. velezensis</em> treatments and of chlorogenic acid in all treatments with added microorganisms suggested their metabolization. Therefore, our findings establish that the phenolic exudation could regulate the interaction of microorganism with plants resulting in beneficial physiological changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of stay-green candidate gene TaTRNH1-3B and development of molecular markers related to chlorophyll content and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Xiu-Juan Jin ,&nbsp;Xue Yan ,&nbsp;Feng Guo ,&nbsp;Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Lu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Sha Tang ,&nbsp;Hui-Fang Hao ,&nbsp;Md Ashraful Islam ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Jin-Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Ya-Ping Cao ,&nbsp;Rui-Lian Jing ,&nbsp;Dai-Zhen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional stay-green characteristic is closely associated with delayed loss in photosynthetic function and increased crop yield. However, the development and application of functional molecular markers based on stay-green-related genes are limited. This study compared and analyzed the differences of SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities at 0, 10, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 days after anthesis, as well as agronomic traits at mature stage between a stay-green line, Tailv113 (TL113), and a non-stay-green cultivar, Jinmai39 (JM39). The results showed that TL113 had higher photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant capacity and yield than JM39. Subsequently, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted on TL113 and JM39 at 0, 26, and 30 days after anthesis. Analysis showed that senescence-associated co-expressed genes (SCEGs) and stay-green-associated differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) jointly affected wheat leaf senescence, while SDEGs played an important role in the stay green differences between TL113 and JM39. By analyzing the SNP sites of the SDEGs from transcriptome sequencing, a nsSNP was found in the <em>TaTRNH1-3B</em> sequence between TL113 and JM39. Further analyzing the resequencing data published in the Wheat Union database, four linked SNP sites were identified in <em>TaTRNH1-3B</em>, which formed two haplotypes, <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap1</em> and <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap2</em>. Based on the SNP at 373 bp (A/G), a CAPS molecular marker, <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Nla</em> III<em>-CAPS,</em> was developed to distinguish allelic variations (A/G). Association analysis between <em>TaTRNH1-3B</em> allelic variation and agronomic traits found that the accessions possessing <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap1</em> (A) exhibited significantly higher SPAD values than those possessing <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap2</em> (G) in 6 of 10 environments at the jointing stage and in 7 of 10 environments at the grain filling stage in Beijing. Similarly, the accessions possessing <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap1</em> (A) exhibited significantly higher chlorophyll contents and yield than those possessing <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap2</em> (G) in 3 environments in Taigu. Additionally, lines with <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap1</em> (A) displayed higher SPAD values at 0, 15, and 20 days after anthesis in the two BC3F3 populations than those with <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap2</em> (G). These results suggest that <em>TaTRNH1-3B</em> is associated with the stay-green and yield traits in wheat, and <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Hap1</em> is a favorable stay-green haplotype. The newly developed molecular marker, <em>TaTRNH1-3B-Nla</em> III<em>-CAPS</em>, provide valuable information for wheat genetic improvement of stay-green and high-yield traits, and can be used to marker-assisted selection breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CtMYB63 enhances the waterlogging tolerance of safflower through the JA signalling pathway","authors":"Yingqi Hong ,&nbsp;Shiwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanxi Lv ,&nbsp;Na Yao ,&nbsp;Xiuming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MeJA can help plants resist external stress, and waterlogging stress is the most serious stress for safflower. The mechanism by which MeJA (Methyl jasmonate) induction helps safflower resist waterlogging stress is unclear. Our results indicate that <em>CtMYB63</em> responds to MeJA through the TGACG motif element, and MeJA induction can further increase the expression of <em>CtMYB63</em>. Under MeJA induction, <em>CtMYB63</em> is expressed by regulating the transcriptional expression of <em>CtDFR1</em>, <em>CtANS1</em> and <em>CtANR1</em>, thereby increasing the biomass and flavonoid content of safflower, but inhibiting plant elongation. Our waterlogging stress experiments further demonstrated that overexpression of <em>CtMYB63</em> can enhance antioxidant enzyme activity to clear the accumulation of MDA (Malondialdehyde), H₂O₂, and O₂⁻. We found that MeJA induction could further improve the waterlogging stress tolerance of overexpressed <em>CtMYB63</em> and WT (wild-type) safflower. Still, the waterlogging tolerance of <em>CtMYB63Δ</em> was weakened due to the deletion of the TGACG motif element. Finally, we found through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and luciferase assays that <em>CtMYB63</em> regulates the expression of downstream genes by binding to the promoters of downstream genes. However, <em>CtJAZ9</em> inhibits the expression of downstream genes. In summary, our experiments show that <em>CtMYB63</em> enhances the waterlogging tolerance of safflower through the JA signalling pathway, providing a new idea for improving safflower yield through molecular breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109774"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Helicase activity of Pif-like Helicases from Arabidopsis thaliana and role in gene regulation and abiotic stress response","authors":"Himanshi Sharma,&nbsp;Rohini Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulation in gene expression is rendered by the dynamic structural transitions between classical B-form DNA and non-canonical DNA folds such as G-Quadruplexes (GQS). Several proteins interact with GQSes and regulate a range of biological processes including regulation of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Several GQS helicases resolve these structures and contribute to maintaining genomic stability. Arabidopsis has 3 homologs of Pif-Like-Helicases (AtPLHs) which have been characterized in this study. Cellular localization and tissue-specific profiling of these homologs revealed nuclear localization and expression in seedling, leaves, and flower tissues suggesting they might play a role in gene regulation and plant development. Molecular characterization of recombinant AtPLH2 and AtPLH3 suggested DNA binding, ATPase, and helicase activity of these two proteins. Further, phenotyping of <em>Atplh</em> mutants revealed alterated seedling root and hypocotyl growth and pollen germination. Transcriptomic profiling of mutants revealed the upregulation of genes associated with processes like systemic acquired resistance, glutathione metabolic process, cellular oxidant detoxification, β-glucosidase activity, SAM-dependent methyltransferase activity, heme binding, calmodulin binding, etc, with these genes harboring WRKY and AP2/EREB TF binding sites in their promoters. These mutants showed susceptibility to different abiotic stresses like salinity and ABA stress as well as to hydroxyurea. Further, <em>AtPLH2</em> and <em>AtPLH3</em> mutants showed no root elongation under low pH suggesting root elongation is affected in the absence of these genes. Our study highlights the role of these GQS helicases in regulating genes involved in root development and stress tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of the PtrDJ1C gene leads to increased branching in poplar","authors":"Jingxia Du ,&nbsp;Chunxue Shao ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Zizhuo Feng ,&nbsp;Chuwen Cui ,&nbsp;Ruili Li ,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Jewaria ,&nbsp;Xuanyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Xiao ,&nbsp;Xinwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>PtrDJ1C</em> gene is essential for poplar growth and early chloroplast development. Disruption of <em>PtrDJ1C</em> expression results in an albino leaf phenotype and increased branching. However, the underlying mechanism for the increased branching remains unknown. In this study, we employed integrated approaches to investigate the function of <em>PtrDJ1C</em> in the branch-increasing phenotype. Our results revealed that levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly reduced in <em>ptrdj1c</em> mutants, while cytokinin (CK) levels were slightly increased. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified several key genes and proteins involved in hormone regulation and branching development that were differentially expressed. Specifically, the expression levels of <em>TAA</em>, <em>ZEP</em>, and <em>GA20ox—</em>genes involved in IAA, GA, and ABA biosynthesis—were significantly reduced in <em>ptrdj1c</em>, while <em>IPT</em> and <em>LOG</em>, which regulate CK synthesis, were upregulated. Moreover, immunoblot analysis further validated reduced levels of key biosynthetic enzymes for IAA, GA, and ABA, alongside increased levels of IPT and LOG enzymes. Interestingly, our findings suggest that hormone signaling pathways act in concert with the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) to synergistically promote branching development. These results provide novel insight into the regulatory role of <em>PtrDJ1C</em> in hormone balance and its downstream effects on poplar branching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics change the safe production ability of arsenic-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating the antioxidant capacity, arsenic absorption, and distribution in rice","authors":"Yueyi Wu ,&nbsp;Chaorui Yan ,&nbsp;Li Yin ,&nbsp;Zhaoyong Zeng ,&nbsp;Deqiang Li ,&nbsp;Yinggang Xu ,&nbsp;Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Gao ,&nbsp;Fu Huang ,&nbsp;Guangdeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) are pervasive pollutants in agricultural soils, drawing increasing attention due to their combined toxicity. While biodegradable plastics offer a potential alternative to conventional plastics, their interactions with As and subsequent effects on edible crops remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the combined effect of polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics with As on rice growth, As accumulation, and rhizosphere microbial communities in two rice genotypes. The results showed that As-PE exposure was more detrimental to rice growth than As alone, leading to biomass reductions of 21.1–39.8% in 2A roots, 32.6–54.6% in stems, and 21.9–32.7% in leaves. In contrast, PLA mitigated As-induced growth inhibition in 2119, increasing leaf biomass by 56.1–71.9% and stem biomass by 45.6–57.9%. The presence of MPs intensified As toxicity and induced oxidative stress, with the low-As-accumulating genotype exhibiting stronger detoxification mechanisms, including enhanced sequestration of As in the leaf cell wall and MPs facilitated As adsorption and desorption in the root zone, exacerbating As accumulation in the aerial part of rice, particularly during grain filling. Different degradation characteristics of MPs altered microbial composition and function, impacting rhizosphere iron plaque formation and As availability in soil. PLA decreased the As content in 2A and 2119 roots by 6.1% and 24.0%, respectively, whereas PE increased by 10.6% and 12.9%. This study provides new insights into the comprehensive toxicity of As and MPs in the soil-plant system, highlighting their effects on As uptake and accumulation in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 109792"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuO nanoparticles facilitate soybean suppression of Fusarium root rot by regulating antioxidant enzymes, isoflavone genes, and rhizosphere microbiome","authors":"Dengqin Wei ,&nbsp;Xingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuantian Guo ,&nbsp;Khansa Saleem ,&nbsp;Juntao Jia ,&nbsp;Mengshuang Li ,&nbsp;Hanghang Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xia Yao ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Chang ,&nbsp;Chun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109788","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fusarium&lt;/em&gt; root rot is a widespread soil-borne disease severely impacting soybean yield and quality. Compared to traditional fertilizers' biological and environmental toxicity, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) hold promise for disease control in a low dose and high efficiency manner.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted both greenhouse and field experiments, employing enzymatic assays, elemental analysis, qRT-PCR, and microbial sequencing (&lt;em&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ITS&lt;/em&gt;) to explore the potential of CuO NPs for sustainable controlling &lt;em&gt;Fusarium&lt;/em&gt;-induced soybean disease.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Greenhouse experiments showed that foliar spraying of CuO NPs (10, 100, and 500 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) promoted soybean growth more effectively than EDTA-CuNa&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at the same dose, though 500 CuO NPs caused mild phytotoxicity. CuO NPs effectively controlled root rot, while EDTA-CuNa&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; worsened the disease severity by 0.85–34.04 %. CuO NPs exhibited more substantial antimicrobial effects, inhibiting &lt;em&gt;F. oxysporum&lt;/em&gt; mycelial growth and spore germination by 5.04–17.55 % and 10.24–14.41 %, respectively. 100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; CuO NPs was the optimal concentration for balancing soybean growth and disease resistance. Additionally, CuO NPs boosted antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, POD, and SOD) in leaves and roots, aiding in ROS clearance during pathogen invasion. Compared to the pathogen control, 100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; CuO NPs upregulated the relative expression of seven isoflavone-related genes (&lt;em&gt;Gm4CL&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;GmCHS8&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;GmCHR&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;GmCHI1a&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;GmIFS1&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;GmUGT1&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;GmMYB176&lt;/em&gt;) by 1.18–4.51 fold, thereby enhancing soybean disease resistance in place of progesterone-receptor (PR) genes. Field trials revealed that CuO NPs’ high leaf-to-root translocation modulated soybean rhizosphere microecology. Compared to the pathogen control, 100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; CuO NPs increased nitrogen-fixing bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Rhizobium&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Azospirillum&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Azotobacter&lt;/em&gt;) and restored disease-resistant bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Burkholderia&lt;/em&gt;) and fungi (&lt;em&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Penicillium&lt;/em&gt;) to healthy levels. Furthermore, 100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; CuO NPs increased beneficial bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Pedosphaeraceae&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Xanthobacteraceae&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;SCI84&lt;/em&gt;, etc.) and fungi (&lt;em&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Curvularia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/em&gt;, etc.), which negatively correlated with &lt;em&gt;F&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;oxysporum&lt;/em&gt;, while recruiting functional microbes to enhance soybean yield.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;100 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; CuO NPs effectively promoting soybean growth and providing strong resistance against root rot disease by improving antioxidant enzyme activity, regulating the relative expression of isoflavone-related genes, increasing beneficial bacteria and fungi and restoring disease-resistant. Our findings suggest that CuO NPs offer a","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109788"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of Populus deltoides PR1 genes uncovered a PdePR1 as a defense marker against foliar rust","authors":"Suyun Wei ,&nbsp;Baoyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Siyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Yingnan Chen ,&nbsp;Tongming Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), a hallmark of plant disease resistance, plays pivotal roles in defense signaling. In this study, we identified 16 intronless PR1 genes in <em>Populus deltoides</em>, all classified within the CAP superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory protein, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1) and characterized by conserved N-terminal signal peptides, caveolin-binding motifs, and CAP-derived peptides. Phylogenomic reconstruction of 231 PR1 homologs across 15 plant species traced their origin to <em>Chara braunii</em>, with lineage-specific expansions driven by gene duplication. Evolutionary analyses revealed strong purifying selection acting on ancestral PR1 paralogs to confer a selective advantage for disease resistance. Integrated transcriptomic profiling and quantitative RT-PCR analyses identified <em>PdePR1_10</em> as a key marker gene for defense activation, exhibiting significant induction at two days post-inoculation in resistant poplars. Co-expression network analysis indicated that <em>PdePR1_10</em> interacts with several defense-related genes, including NBS-LRR resistance genes, signaling kinases, and hormone biosynthesis enzymes. Specifically, the W-box <em>cis</em>-regulatory element in the <em>PdePR1_10</em> promoter is hypothesized to interact with WRKY transcription factors, activating <em>PdePR1_10</em> expression through a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway. Transgenic poplars overexpressing <em>PdePR1_10</em> exhibited significantly enhanced rust resistance, confirming its critical in defense response. In summary, we thoroughly elucidated the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of PR1 genes in rust resistance and provided a valuable transgenic poplar line for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-field mulching and removal indicated the flavonoid plasticity in marselan grapes and wines: Insights from the metabolome and transcriptome","authors":"Meng-Bo Tian ,&nbsp;Xiao-Tong Gao ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Cheng ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Lu ,&nbsp;Ning Shi ,&nbsp;Ming-Yu Li ,&nbsp;Shu-De Li ,&nbsp;Keji Yu ,&nbsp;Fei He ,&nbsp;Chang-Qing Duan ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an eco-friendly vineyard floor management, mulching can effectively control weeds, preserve soil moisture, reduce irrigation requirements, and modify the grapevine microclimate. However, its impact on the grapevine microclimate, as well as the variation in grape and wine flavonoids across different growth stages under mulching conditions remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, in the vineyard of a semi-arid region, the whole-field mulching (M) of black geotextile mulch was applied to <em>Vitis vinifera</em> Marselan grapevines from anthesis and removed at three phenological stages. The grape and wine flavonoids during the growing season were evaluated through HPLC-MS, and the transcriptomic data was analyzed in three vintages (2015–2017). Results showed that mulching weakened over 30°% of reflected light, and especially light with longer wavelengths. Mulching helped to reduce water evaporation and lead to higher soil water content. As for berry composition, M slightly decreased the berry weight and accelerated sugar accumulation when mulch removal. Controlled grapes presented higher flavonols at harvest while mulch removal around veraison enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanins. The reflected photosynthetic active radiation, cluster temperature, and soil moisture played important roles in flavonoid regulation. Key genes including <em>VviFLS1</em>, <em>VviLAR1</em>, and <em>VviANR</em>, as well as MYB transcription factors <em>MYBF1</em>, <em>MYBA1</em>, and <em>MYB3</em> are responsible for flavonoid regulation. M slightly affected the wine flavor profile but improved the wine's appearance. In conclusion, M effectively suppresses weed growth and modifies grapevine microclimate in semi-arid climates, mulch removal around veraison favored the accumulation of grape flavonoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20234,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}