Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Symbiont effectors modulate plant signaling to increase host stress resilience.","authors":"Laura Rehneke, Rory Osborne, Silke Lehmann, Yingqi Zhang, Jemma Roberts, Stefan Altmann, Eva Köpff, Ruth Eichmann, Pascal Falter-Braun, Weixing Shan, Patrick Schäfer","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag664","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-colonizing mutualistic symbionts confer beneficial effects to their hosts, which often includes increased growth as well as biotic and abiotic stress resilience. How these benefits are activated on a molecular level is mostly unknown. Here, we describe effector candidates of the fungal symbiont Serendipita indica (Si), which modulate plant stress signaling pathways. By analyzing the Si effector interactome, we reveal frequent targeting of stress-related host proteins, which are linked to the identified effector signaling functions. Moreover, functional data indicate that Si effectors modulate abiotic stress response of Arabidopsis, as well as resistance to pathogen infection. Analysis of symbiont effectors might not only uncover previously unreported molecular mechanisms that increase plant fitness but might also be used to identify potential genetic traits for crop improvement under changing climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PUCHI controls MYB94 and MYB96 to form the root cap cuticle of developing lateral roots.","authors":"Antoine Beckers, Olivia Vantroeyen, Chantal Cazevieille, Hélène Adam, Gabriel Krouk, Pascal Gantet, Laurent Laplaze, Soazig Guyomarc'h","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag670","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lateral root organogenesis underlies root branching and plays a key role in plant root system architecture. While the transcriptional and hormonal control of lateral root development has been extensively studied over the past decades, an increasing number of studies highlight the importance of specific metabolic pathways contributing to the lateral root regulatory network. The AP2/ERF transcription factor PUCHI has recently been shown to orchestrate the induction of very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in developing lateral root primordia. In parallel, a root cap cuticle, reminiscent of the very-long-chain fatty acid-rich cuticle covering the emerging primary root, was shown to cover developing lateral root primordia and facilitate their emergence. Here, we demonstrate that PUCHI plays an essential role in lateral root cap cuticle formation. We identified the transcription factors MYB94 and MYB96 as key intermediates in this PUCHI-dependent, cuticle regulatory network. Similar to PUCHI, MYB94 and MYB96 induce the expression of a set of very-long-chain fatty acid- and cutin-related genes in lateral root primordia. The loss of function of either PUCHI or that of MYB94 and MYB96 compromises lateral root cuticle deposition, delays lateral root emergence, and alters the expression pattern of lateral root meristematic genes. These results shed light on a PUCHI- and MYB94 and MYB96-dependent regulatory network controlling the lateral root cap cuticle formation and influencing lateral root primordium development and emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"202 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The small GTP-binding protein GhARAC3 is involved in cotton resistance to\u0000 Verticillium dahliae\u0000 by regulating lignin metabolism","authors":"Yajie Wu,Jinglong Zhou,Feng Wei,Lihong Zhao,Yalin Zhang,Zili Feng,Yong Song,Yanjun Li,Xinyu Zhang,Feng Liu,Jie Sun,Jun Zhao,Tao Zhang,Qianhao Zhu,Heqin Zhu,Hongjie Feng","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag734","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant Rho/ROP GTPases act as essential molecular switches in disease resistance. However, how their protein stability is regulated and integrated with lignin metabolism remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cotton small GTPase GhARAC3 serves as a positive regulator of resistance against the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). Genetic analyses reveal that overexpression of GhARAC3 enhances defense responses in cotton and Arabidopsis, whereas its silencing significantly compromises plant immunity. Under normal physiological conditions, the E3 ubiquitin ligase GhKEG acts as a key regulator that targets GhARAC3 for proteasomal degradation by ubiquitinating multiple lysine residues. Notably, the lysine 161 (K161) residue within the conserved G5 motif is identified as an in vivo ubiquitination site. Mutation of this residue (K161R) impairs GTPase activity and compromises disease resistance, without altering its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane and nucleus. Pathogen infection attenuates this ubiquitination to promote the stabilization of GhARAC3. Genetic epistasis analysis indicates that GhARAC3 requires GhLAC14, a transmembrane laccase, to confer effective immunity.Rather than altering GhLAC14 protein stability, GhARAC3 physically interacts with and stimulates the enzymatic activity of the laccase. Additionally, GhARAC3 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This dual activation of laccase activity and the ROS burst drives the rapid deposition of guaiacyl lignin to fortify the plant cell wall. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling reveals that GhARAC3 broadly upregulates downstream defense-related pathways. Collectively, our findings uncover a regulatory module linking ubiquitin-mediated GTPase turnover to laccase activation, providing a mechanistic framework for improving cotton disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A JA-OsMYB72-OsTAM1 module promotes (R)-β-tyrosine-mediated lignin defense against brown planthopper in rice","authors":"Mengyun Xu,Genxiang Bai,Yu He,Junru Long,Dongqian Li,Ping Li,Zepeng Chen,Zhongyan Yang,Jiayun Hu,Shaoqun Zhou,Jian Yan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag743","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is a major pest that severely limits rice production. Although plant defense against BPH involves complex metabolic and structural responses, the role of non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that (R)-β-tyrosine functions as a key defense metabolite that enhances rice resistance to BPH. Exogenous application and genetic manipulation across different rice backgrounds revealed that (R)-β-tyrosine does not directly affect insect survival but instead acts through host-mediated mechanisms. Transcriptomic, histological, and physiological analyses showed that (R)-β-tyrosine promotes the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, leading to increased lignin accumulation, enhanced mechanical strength, and reinforced physical barriers that restrict BPH feeding. Mechanistically, we identify the JA-inducible transcription factor OsMYB72 as a key activator of OsTAM1, the enzyme catalyzing β-tyrosine biosynthesis, thereby linking JA signaling to (R)-β-tyrosine accumulation. This JA-OsMYB72-OsTAM1 module coordinates β-tyrosine production with downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism, promoting lignin deposition and reinforcing structural defense against BPH. Together, our findings establish a link between NPAA metabolism and lignin-associated structural defense, offering insight into metabolite mediated plant resistance to piercing-sucking herbivores.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149090427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome assembly and subgenomic interactions in Brassica napus additional lines with an alien B05 chromosome from B. juncea.","authors":"Yi Liu, Chaomin Xu, Haidong Chen, Shubei Wan, Xianhong Ge, Qinyong Yang, Zaiyun Li, Martin A Lysak, Chen Tan, Cheng Cui, Daozong Chen","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag688","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alien chromosome addition lines hold significant value for breeding and genetic research. However, the genetic interaction between the recipient genome(s) and the alien chromosomes remains largely unclear. Here, we analyzed the genomic composition and gene expression of 2 purple-leaved Brassica napus alien addition lines carrying chromosome B05 from B. juncea: the monosomic line ZYCB3 (MAAL, 2n = 39, AACC + 1B05) and the disomic line ZY52 (DAAL, 2n = 40, AACC + 2B05). We assembled a chromosome-level genome of the DAAL ZY52 disomic line and characterized its genomic variation and chromosome introgression patterns. In addition to chromosome B05, multiple introgressed fragments derived from the donor B. juncea line ZYJC were identified, revealing extensive genome remodeling during distant hybridization and backcross breeding. We then used multi-omics approaches to explore chromosomal interactions and the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, the addition of chromosome B05 was associated with stronger repression of homoeologous genes on C-subgenome chromosomes than on A-subgenome chromosomes. In ZY52, homoeologous genes on chromosome C01 showed reduced expression, whereas in the ZYCB3 monosomic line reduced expression was observed on both C01 and C02. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further showed that highly expressed anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (ABGs) on chromosome B05contributed to anthocyanin accumulation and the purple-leaf phenotype in both addition lines. Overall, this study provides new insights into interchromosomal interactions, genome remodeling, and phenotypic variation in alien addition lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision genetic manipulation: CRISPR toolkits reshape plant biology.","authors":"Zhenxiang Li, Xiangyu Xiong, Renqi Cao, Jian-Feng Li","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag696","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has revolutionized plant genome engineering over the past decade. This review begins by highlighting 4 seminal early CRISPR studies published in Plant Physiology that laid critical foundations for crop genome editing and tool development. We then summarize major advances in optimizing CRISPR performance, expanding targeting scope, and developing strategies for transgene removal and transient editing. We also discuss a wide array of innovative applications beyond gene knockout, such as gene targeting, chromosome engineering, synthetic apomixis, and gene drive. Furthermore, we introduce key CRISPR-derived tools, including base editors, prime editors, and programmable transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Finally, we outline remaining challenges to stimulate future exploration of the full potential of CRISPR toolkits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AATRhg1 is a tonoplast protein that alters amino acid, metabolic, and defense responses and nematode resistance.","authors":"Yulin Du, Aaron Lowenstein, Jorge El-Azaz, Hiroshi A Maeda, Andrew F Bent","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag706","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines [HG]) causes significant soybean yield losses. The Rhg1 locus is a major contributor to SCN resistance and contains 3 genes that mediate this trait, including Rhg1-GmAAT (Glyma.18G022400), which encodes the putative amino acid transporter AATRhg1. The molecular function of AATRhg1 in SCN resistance is not understood. In this study, rhg1-b soybean lines with Rhg1-GmAAT silencing demonstrated that Rhg1-GmAAT can contribute to resistance against HG 0 SCN and also against problematic HG 2.5.7 populations that partially overcome rhg1-b-mediated resistance. When 2 previously characterized AATRhg1 mutants with contrasting effects on amino acid and betalain accumulation were tested for SCN resistance, the AATRhg1 Y268L mutant complemented SCN resistance in Rhg1-GmAAT-silenced plants, while the D122A mutant did not. Overexpression of Rhg1-GmAAT was not sufficient to enhance SCN resistance, suggesting that AATRhg1 requires coordinated activity with other proteins or pathways. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that AATRhg1 localizes to the tonoplast in soybean root cells. Amino acid, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiles were determined for root segments collected 3 d after mock or SCN inoculation. In Rhg1-GmAAT-silenced rhg1-b plants relative to fully resistant (non-silenced) rhg1-b plants, levels of leucine, isoleucine, and tyrosine were significantly elevated. Rhg1-GmAAT silencing reduced SCN-responsive transcript abundances for multiple processes, significantly including genes for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, ethylene-associated responses, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The most common identified metabolomic changes were in amino acid derivatives, shikimate/phenylpropanoid/isoflavonoid compounds, terpenoids, and especially fatty acids. These findings can guide further investigation into the mechanisms by which AATRhg1 contributes to SCN resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From leaf out to leaves off: the effect of rising temperatures on oak's growing season length.","authors":"Laura Fernández-de-Uña","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag703","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag703","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AraVirusPPI: a protein language model-powered method for predicting Arabidopsis thaliana-virus protein-protein interactions.","authors":"Shaoke Zhang, Jiajun Li, Mengdi Yuan, Linyang Jiang, Zhigang Li, Chunyang Wang, Wenyu Shi, Ziding Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag755","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-virus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play crucial roles in viral infection and host immune responses. However, large-scale experimental characterization of plant-virus PPIs is costly and labor-intensive, suggesting the need to develop computational methods. Recent advances in biological sequence language models are offering unprecedented opportunities to develop machine learning-based plant virus PPI predictors. In this study, we collected publicly available PPI data between Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and viruses, establishing a robust dataset for method development. Based on this dataset, we developed AraVirusPPI, a machine learning framework for predicting A. thaliana virus PPIs. AraVirusPPI employs the protein language model ESM Cambrian (ESMC) to encode sequence features and combines these representations with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to build the prediction model. Furthermore, we systematically evaluated multiple protein and genomic language models combined with various classification algorithms, thereby justifying the optimal model architecture adopted in AraVirusPPI. We applied AraVirusPPI to predict PPIs in the A. thaliana-Cabbage leaf curl virus (CabLCV) system. Predicted viral target proteins were compared with experimental datasets from A. thaliana-Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and A. thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae (Psy) systems. Network topology and functional enrichment analyses showed that the predicted CabLCV targets in A. thaliana were more similar to TuMV than Psy targets. These results suggest potential shared and distinct host-targeting patterns among pathogens and provide computational evidence supporting the biological significance of the proposed AraVirusPPI predictor.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmopara viticola effector PvRxLR24 function as a potential phosphatase and interferes with grapevine stomatal immunity by targeting VvOST1.","authors":"Zhizhuo Xu, Yasheng Xi, Xiukun Yao, Xinyue He, Qifei Gao, Jiang Lu, Peining Fu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag666","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plphys/kiag666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous pathogens invade plants through stomata, and plants, on the other hand, could close the stomata after sensing the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Subsequently, pathogens could overcome this plant immune response with their phytotoxins and effectors. A previous study showed that Plasmopara viticola, a strictly obligate biotrophic oomycete, could inhibit the Vitis vinifera stomatal closure to promote infection. However, the underlying mechanism stimulating the stomata movement is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that PvRxLR24, an effector from P. viticola, functions analogously to a phosphatase by directly inhibiting the kinase activity of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), a central regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and stomatal closure. This inhibition subsequently abolishes the activation of the slow-type anion channel SLAC1, resulting in a \"stomatal lock\" open state. Our study demonstrated that OST1 is the direct target of pathogen effectors, shedding light on a new mechanism by which pathogens could manipulate the plant ABA signaling pathways to influence stomatal movement for successful invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}