Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Arabidopsis Group I Pumilio RNA-binding factors are vital for embryo development and balancing growth and stress resistance.","authors":"Wenjuan Wu,Di Li,Danni Lin,Wangzhi Xu,Tianli Chen,Xiaomei Chen,Wei Guo,Zhengbiao Long,Xiang Xu,Weihua Huang,Xiaoyu Tu,Jirong Huang","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag236","url":null,"abstract":"Pumilio (PUM) RNA-binding proteins are crucial for regulating gene expression by binding to a conserved motif in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Despite their importance, the role of PUM in plants has been largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the functions of Arabidopsis group I PUMs (APUM1-APUM6), which are ubiquitously expressed and localized in the cytosol. While single apum mutants exhibited no visible phenotypes, CRISPR/Cas9-generated apum1 apum2 apum3 triple mutants (apum1/2/3) displayed reduced growth in both vegetative and reproductive organs, alongside hypersensitivity to various stresses. Remarkably, apum1/2/3/4 quadruple mutants were embryonically lethal, highlighting their essential role in embryo development. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in apum1/2/3 are enriched in pathways related to stress responses and anthocyanin biosynthesis, while downregulated DEGs are associated with biotic stress defense and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. This suggests that APUM1/2/3 act as molecular hubs balancing plant growth and stress adaptation. Biochemical assays showed that recombinant APUM homologous domains bind to the 5'-UGUGUAUA-3' core motif in the 3'-UTR of the transcription factor Production of Anthocyanin Pigment1 (PAP1), crucial for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, single-nucleotide substitutions, except for the third U, did not affect binding, whereas multiple mutations disrupted interaction. Consistently, apum1/2/3 mutants accumulated significantly more anthocyanin than wild-type plants. Furthermore, we predicted 7,053 potential target genes for APUM1/2/3, of which 1,609 were present among the upregulated DEGs in apum1/2/3. Our findings demonstrate that group I APUMs are vital posttranscriptional regulators, providing perspective on the trade-offs between growth and stress resilience in plants.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposite diacylglycerol enantiomeric specificities of Arabidopsis DGAT1 and DGAT2 reveal distinct roles in TAG synthesis.","authors":"Chinnu Ann Jaison,Joachim Björklund,Sten Stymne,Kamil Demski,Per Hofvander,Ida Lager","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag234","url":null,"abstract":"Triacylglycerol (TAG) serves as the primary storage lipid in plants, essential for seed germination and early seedling development. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes catalyze the last step in TAG synthesis by converting diacylglycerol (DAG) to TAG. Although functionally conserved across species, DGATs exhibit variations in substrate preference, among their other properties, highlighting their influence on fatty acid (FA) composition in TAG. In this study, we investigated the biochemical properties of Arabidopsis DGATs expressed in yeast with a primary emphasis on understanding the specificity and selectivity of these enzymes on different acyl acceptors and donors. One aim of the study was to investigate if the FA composition of TAG is due to DGAT selectivity in addition to being influenced by the distinct DAG pools (spatially separated de novo synthesized and phosphatidylcholine (PC)-derived DAG). Our findings showed that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DGAT1 preferentially selects PC-derived DAGs. Further, we also report a new method for synthesizing sn-2,3-DAG that we used to study DGAT enantiomeric specificity. The results revealed that DGAT1 is specific towards the sn-1,2-DAG enantiomer whereas DGAT2 only utilizes sn-2,3-DAG, a substrate that is not directly involved in the Kennedy pathway. DGAT2 has so far not shown significant involvement in de novo TAG synthesis and thus our findings indicate a possible function for DGAT2 in Arabidopsis in TAG remodeling.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"14-3-3 λ suppresses ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition through EIN3/EIL1 in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Zhi-Xin Xiang,Yong-Lun Lv,Ying-Rui Li,Yi-Feng Zhou,Yan-Ke Lu,Meng Xu,Feng Ding","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag229","url":null,"abstract":"Plant roots explore the soil in search of water and nutrients essential for growth. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) and EIN3-LIKE 1 (EIL1), the central transcription factors in the ethylene signaling pathway, orchestrate a wide range of developmental and stress-responsive processes, including root growth; however, how transcriptional activation of EIN3/EIL1 is regulated remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) regulatory protein 14-3-3 λ, a member of the evolutionarily conserved 14-3-3 protein family, physically interacts with EIN3/EIL1 to attenuate their transcriptional activity, thereby repressing ethylene-mediated inhibition of primary root elongation. Loss of 14-3-3 λ confers hypersensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and this phenotype is suppressed by ein3/eil1 mutations. Notably, ACC treatment promotes the translocation of 14-3-3 λ from the nucleus to the cytosol, which weakens the interaction between 14-3-3 λ and EIN3/EIL1, relieving repression of EIN3/EIL1 transcriptional activity in plants. Collectively, these findings reveal that 14-3-3 λ dampens the ethylene response by binding to and inhibiting EIN3/EIL1. ACC disrupts this interaction, releasing EIN3/EIL1 to activate ethylene signaling and consequently inhibiting primary root elongation.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fungal-derived inducer amplifies GABA biosynthesis to protect tea from heat.","authors":"Bo Xu","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZIP10 governs Zn influx into the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum and maintains Zn homeostasis in rice","authors":"Longtao Tan, Mengmeng Qu, Xinxin Zhang, Yu Peng, Yuxing Zhu, Can Peng, Chunyong Li, Jiurong Wang, Guanghui Liu, Yonglong Chen, Donghai Mao, Caiyan Chen","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag239","url":null,"abstract":"Zn is an essential micronutrient for all organisms. Understanding how Zn homeostasis is controlled in plants is crucial for agriculture and human health. In the present study, we characterized a transporter in rice (Oryza sativa), ZRT/IRT-LIKE PROTEIN10 (OsZIP10), which is primarily expressed in the roots and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. OsZIP10 transports Zn from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm and facilitates the radial delivery of Zn via the symplastic pathway in rice roots. Notably, both OsZIP10 knockout mutants and overexpression lines enhanced Zn accumulation by upregulating Zn uptake in roots and the root-to-shoot transfer of Zn, albeit through different mechanisms. Overexpression of OsZIP10 triggered an unfolded protein response and induced the expression of the ER stress-responsive transcription factor BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR74 (bZIP74), producing an unconventional alternatively spliced isoform. This isoform of OsbZIP74 then activated the expression of ZRT/IRT-LIKE PROTEIN7 (OsZIP7) and ZRT/IRT-LIKE PROTEIN9 (OsZIP9), enhancing Zn uptake and translocation. Through a distinctive mechanism, the knockout of OsZIP10 promotes the translocation of BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR50 (bZIP50) from the cytosol to the nucleus, where it activates the expression of OsZIP7 and OsZIP9. Our findings fill a gap in the understanding of Zn transfer in rice roots and establish two distinct signaling pathways linking Zn homeostasis control in the ER with the regulation of Zn uptake, transport, and accumulation.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When viruses unite forces: Introducing a novel system to study tomato chlorosis virus.","authors":"Mireia Uranga","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of PORC in Chloroplast Thermotolerance.","authors":"Eva Maria Gómez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of phosphatidyl choline metabolism affects gametophyte development in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Mary Williams,Mamoona Khan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase exerts limited control over terpenoid biosynthesis in two woody plant species","authors":"Toni Krause, Kristina Kshatriya, Jia Zhang, Johann M Rohwer, Jonathan Gershenzon, Axel Schmidt","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag225","url":null,"abstract":"Terpenoid biosynthesis involves linear prenyl diphosphate intermediates of various chain lengths. These are constructed from two C5 precursors, the starter unit dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and the extender unit, isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP). Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) alters the DMADP:IDP ratio and may furnish a specific blend of C5 precursors appropriate for the length of intermediates being formed in each cellular compartment. We studied IDI in two woody plant species, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and gray poplar (Populus x canescens), whose major terpenoid specialized metabolites are of different sizes. While the catalytic parameters of IDI from each species measured in vitro were in line with the different C5 precursor demands, the DMADP:IDP ratios of both species in vivo did not differ. Moreover, though IDI silencing in both spruce and poplar increased IDP content and significantly decreased the DMADP:IDP ratio, it caused few significant alterations in the content of downstream terpenoid pathway intermediates or products. Taken together, these results suggest that IDI exercises a limited control over the relative amounts of different size terpenoid products. Nevertheless, the elevated IDP content of both transgenic spruce and poplar lines was associated with dramatically increased emission of isoprenol and isoprenyl acetate. Feeding experiments with cultured poplar plants indicated that these metabolites were derived directly from IDP, and their formation could serve as a metabolic mechanism to reduce high intracellular accumulation of IDP. Such a mechanism can be considered analogous to the formation of isoprene as a way to reduce high concentrations of DMADP.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147726044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water–nitrogen synergy shapes maize yield through leaf antioxidant defense, grain carbon–nitrogen metabolism, and hormonal regulation","authors":"Zhenlin Lai, Hongtai Kou, Zhenqi Liao, Lei Wen, Yiyao Liu, José Luis Araus, Muhammad Farooq, Kechun Wang, Fucang Zhang, Junliang Fan","doi":"10.1093/plphys/kiag242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag242","url":null,"abstract":"Synergistic water–nitrogen management is vital for high maize (Zea mays L.) yields, but the integrated physiological mechanisms driving yield formation remain unclear. A two-year field study with three irrigation levels and four nitrogen (N) rates revealed that high maize yields were maintained under mild drought combined with medium-to-high N via distinct pathways. Water–nitrogen synergy enhanced leaf antioxidant capacity, with N increasing peroxidase (POD) activity and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby mitigating oxidative stress, delaying chlorophyll and photosynthesis (An) decline, and sustaining assimilates such as soluble sugars (SS) and free amino acids (FAA). In grains, mild drought raised SS by 3.0% but reduced sucrose synthase (SuSy) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activities by 13.3% and 20.7%, respectively, lowering starch (ST) by 9.7%. Severe drought drastically reduced assimilate input, enzyme activities, and ST (−37.3%). N metabolism was also impaired, with lower FAA and protein (PRO) linked to lower glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities. Hormonal balance was critical: zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoted grain weight and correlated positively with carbon-metabolizing enzymes, while severe drought increased gibberellin A3 (GA3). In a multivariate analysis, SuSy, AGPase, IAA, Z+ZR, and GA3 explained 82.32% of ST variation, and the interaction between N metabolism enzymes and hormonal ratios explained 92.0% of PRO variation. Carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and hormone balance accounted for 44%, 19%, and 7% of the variation in 100-grain weight, respectively, while their interactions explained an additional 19%. This study establishes a physiological network of water–nitrogen synergy, highlighting antioxidant enhancement and hormone–metabolism interactions, that provides a theoretical basis for precision water–nitrogen management in maize production.","PeriodicalId":20101,"journal":{"name":"Plant Physiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}