Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献_第6页

Chemical characterization, antioxidant and molecular docking studies on Ajwa pulp and seed concert extracts as potential antihemolytic agent. Ajwa果肉及其种子提取物作为潜在的抗溶血剂的化学表征、抗氧化和分子对接研究。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13277.1

Muhammad Azam, Aisha Sana, Rubeena Saleem, Shaheen Faizi, Afsheen Razzaq, Zaheer Ul-Haq, Humera Sarwar

{"title":"Chemical characterization, antioxidant and molecular docking studies on Ajwa pulp and seed concert extracts as potential antihemolytic agent.","authors":"Muhammad Azam, Aisha Sana, Rubeena Saleem, Shaheen Faizi, Afsheen Razzaq, Zaheer Ul-Haq, Humera Sarwar","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13277.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13277.1","url":null,"abstract":"Combinations of bioactive natural products often provide enhanced therapeutic effects due to synergistic interactions, though these are challenging to study with single-compound methods. Phoenix dactylifera var. Ajwa is a rich source of phytonutrients, and its seed byproduct also shows therapeutic promise. This study examines the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of combined Ajwa pulp and seed (APS) extracts through ex vivo, in vitro, and correlation analyses. GC-MS identified 73 compounds in APS, including diisobutyl phthalate (18.65%), methyl palmitate (9.66%), and methyl oleate (9.35%). Total phenolics ranged from 1079-5456 mg GAE/100g and flavonoids from 175-907 mg RE/100g. NMR confirmed α- and β-glucose in APS-M. APS-EA and APS-M inhibited oxidative hemolysis of human RBCs (>90%). APS-EA showed IC50 values of 1.9 mg/mL (DPPH●) and 0.45 mg/mL (ABTS●+), while APS-HX showed 69% inhibition in β-carotene bleaching. Docking studies revealed strong binding of key compounds to RBC proteins, supporting antioxidant and membrane-protective effects. Overall, APS extract is a potent antioxidant with potential for nutraceutical use.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1240-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of linagliptin with SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients: A comparative cross-sectional study from Pakistan. 利格列汀与SGLT2抑制剂在糖尿病患者中的临床疗效比较：来自巴基斯坦的一项比较横断面研究。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13714.1

Naureen Rehman, Muzna Hashmi, Sher Muhammad Sethi, Sara Hafeez, Aimun Shabbir, Muhammad Ali, Varisha Madni, Muhammad Zain Mushtaq, Saad Bin Zafar Mehmood, Faheem Shaikh, Farhala Baloch, Rabeea Azmat, Sumera Batool, Ainan Arshad

{"title":"Comparison of the clinical efficacy of linagliptin with SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients: A comparative cross-sectional study from Pakistan.","authors":"Naureen Rehman, Muzna Hashmi, Sher Muhammad Sethi, Sara Hafeez, Aimun Shabbir, Muhammad Ali, Varisha Madni, Muhammad Zain Mushtaq, Saad Bin Zafar Mehmood, Faheem Shaikh, Farhala Baloch, Rabeea Azmat, Sumera Batool, Ainan Arshad","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13714.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13714.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares linagliptin and SGLT-2 inhibitors to optimize diabetes management by evaluating their glycemic and non-glycemic effects. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from May to October 2023. Patients using linagliptin were assigned to group 1, while those on SGLT-2 inhibitors comprised group 2. Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical variables, and mean with standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. An independent t-test assessed clinical outcomes before and after six months of treatment, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. of the 278 patients enrolled (mean age: 53 years, SD: 13.4; 55.2% male), 39 were in group 1, and 239 in group 2. SGLT-2 inhibitors showed a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.66 vs. -0.46, p=0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference: 2.65 mmHg, p=0.005). Linagliptin significantly reduced BMI (mean difference: 0.65 kg/m², p=0.03), while no significant weight change was observed with SGLT-2 inhibitors. SGLT-2 inhibitors provided superior glycemic control and reduced blood pressure, while linagliptin was more effective in lowering BMI. Further studies are needed to explore linagliptin's potential benefits.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1509-1514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a pediatric pharmacological readiness assessment scale for recurrent respiratory infections. 小儿复发性呼吸道感染药理学准备评估量表的开发和验证。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14102.1

Yan Tang, Qin Xu, Ping Zhang, Yanxia Li, Weihua Chen, Huimin Shi, Yan Cui

{"title":"Development and validation of a pediatric pharmacological readiness assessment scale for recurrent respiratory infections.","authors":"Yan Tang, Qin Xu, Ping Zhang, Yanxia Li, Weihua Chen, Huimin Shi, Yan Cui","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14102.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14102.1","url":null,"abstract":"To develop and validate a Pediatric Pharmacological Readiness Assessment Scale for recurrent respiratory infections, focusing on medication adherence, caregiver pharmacological knowledge, and pharmacist-led interventions. An initial scale was constructed through literature review, expert consultation, and a pilot survey, guided by the Pharmaceutical Care Practice Model. A convenience sample of 156 primary caregivers of children hospitalized for recurrent respiratory infections was surveyed between April 2023 and April 2024. Item analysis and reliability and validity testing were conducted. The final scale includes 34 items across seven dimensions: child's condition, parental condition, pharmacological knowledge, medication attitudes, adherence behavior, coping ability, and anticipated support. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.934, with split-half reliability at 0.826. Dimensional Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.834 to 0.925, and split-half reliability from 0.819 to 0.957. Content validity indices (I-CVI: 0.835 - 1.000; S-CVI: 0.902) were high. Exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors explaining 73.617% of variance. The scale demonstrates good reliability and validity, accurately reflecting pharmacological readiness. It is a valuable tool for clinical pharmacists to enhance discharge preparedness, improve medication adherence, and reduce readmissions.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1368-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outcomes: Investigating the relationship of TLC, ferritin, D-dimer, LDH, C-Reactive protein and HbA1c. 预测SARS-CoV-2组粒结局：探讨TLC、铁蛋白、d -二聚体、LDH、c反应蛋白和HbA1c的关系

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13906.1

Ghazala Jawwad, Mehvish Iftikhar, Maleha Asim, Arslan Kareem, Amanat Ali, Saira Jahan

{"title":"Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outcomes: Investigating the relationship of TLC, ferritin, D-dimer, LDH, C-Reactive protein and HbA1c.","authors":"Ghazala Jawwad, Mehvish Iftikhar, Maleha Asim, Arslan Kareem, Amanat Ali, Saira Jahan","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13906.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13906.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the relationship between total leukocyte count (TLC), ferritin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections. The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 COVID patients, admitted in hospitals in Islamabad and Lahore from January 2021 to December 2022. Baseline data, medical history and laboratory findings including Complete Blood Count (CBC), TLC, D-dimer, serum ferritin, CRP, LDH and HbA1c were collected. The results revealed significant positive correlations between disease outcomes and TLC, CRP, LDH and ferritin (all p<0.01), with HbA1c strongly correlating with mortality (p<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed significant association among various biomarkers. TLC demonstrated significant positive relationship with serum ferritin (p=0.006), CRP (p=0.000) and HbA1c (p=0.002). Lymphocyte count showed significant positive correlation with TLC (p<0.001). Ferritin showed positive correlation with LDH (p<0.001), D-dimer (p=0.008) and CRP (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that CRP, LDH and HbA1c were significant predictors of mortality, with CRP and LDH associated with disease severity also. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis shows LDH to be the strongest predicter of outcome with area under curve (AUC) 0.76. The biomarkers have significant role in predicting disease outcome in current study.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1462-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the risk-benefit of thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with propofol anesthesia and inhalation combined anesthesia for radical treatment in elderly lung cancer based on diaphragm functional parameters. 基于膈肌功能参数评价胸椎旁神经阻滞联合异丙酚麻醉及吸入联合麻醉根治性治疗老年肺癌的风险-收益

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13370.1

Feng Han, Xin-Xin Tian

{"title":"Evaluation of the risk-benefit of thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with propofol anesthesia and inhalation combined anesthesia for radical treatment in elderly lung cancer based on diaphragm functional parameters.","authors":"Feng Han, Xin-Xin Tian","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13370.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13370.1","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the benefit-risk of thoracic complex propofol anesthesia for elderly lung cancer based on diaphragm function parameters. 137 elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing radical resection of thoracic surgery at Hangzhou First People's Hospital were selected. The patients were divided into: paravertebral complex propofol anesthesia (PPA, N = 68) group and static aspiration compound anesthesia (SGA, N. = 69) group. In the PPA group, the amount of remifentanil, postoperative sufentanl, 24h, anesthesia onset time, eye opening time, directional force recovery time, instruction time, IL-10, 6h, 12h, 48 h VAS score, active cough at 6h, 12h, 24 h, postoperative respiratory depression, upper airway obstruction, pulmonary complications were significantly lower than the SGA group (P <0.05), The diaphragm function parameters DTF, DD and diaphragm contraction velocity were significantly higher than those in the SGA group (P> 0.05); The benefit values of the PPA and SGA groups were 83, 47, Risk values were 17, respectively, 39, Benefit-total risk of 55, 36. The benefit-risk value was highest in PPA group. PPA anesthesia can not only effectively improve the effect of radical resection of elderly lung cancer on diaphragm function, but also has the characteristics of high anesthesia quality and few adverse reactions.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1498-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LINC01106 stimulates growth and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma by sponging miR-744-5p. LINC01106通过海绵miR-744-5p刺激结直肠癌的生长和转移。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13786.1

Genxia Wei, Bo Liu, Yu Guo, Weihao Qiu, Xiaolong Lei, Jia Li, Haixia Yin, Li Liang, Meng Lv

{"title":"LINC01106 stimulates growth and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma by sponging miR-744-5p.","authors":"Genxia Wei, Bo Liu, Yu Guo, Weihao Qiu, Xiaolong Lei, Jia Li, Haixia Yin, Li Liang, Meng Lv","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13786.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13786.1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of colorectal carcinoma, a prevalent malignancy, remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the role of LINC01106 in colorectal carcinoma progression and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of LINC01106 was analyzed using data from the database of gene expression profiling interactive analysis and 50 clinical specimens. The prognostic relevance of LINC01106 in colorectal carcinoma was assessed. Functional assays were performed after LINC01106 knockdown to assess changes in proliferation and metastatic capabilities. The expression of LINC01106 was found to be significantly elevated in colorectal carcinoma tissues and was linked to unfavorable overall survival outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Knockdown of LINC01106 significantly suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells. MiR-744-5p was identified as a direct target of LINC01106, exhibiting an inverse correlation with LINC01106 expression. Elevated expression of miR-744-5p hindered the proliferation and metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells-effects that were reversed by co-overexpression of LINC01106. In summary, LINC01106 was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and enhanced the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells by directly interacting with miR-744-5p, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1378-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of antibiotic use on children's recovery from community-acquired pneumonia. 抗生素使用对社区获得性肺炎患儿康复的影响。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14144.1

Aifang Yang, Yanyan Lu, Yan Zhou

{"title":"The impact of antibiotic use on children's recovery from community-acquired pneumonia.","authors":"Aifang Yang, Yanyan Lu, Yan Zhou","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14144.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.14144.1","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study aims to explore the impact of rational antibiotic use on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) children's recuperation. A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 1078 children with CAP treated in Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University from May 2021 to October 2024. Children were divided into good and poor recovery outcome groups. Related datas were compared between groups. Parameters with statistical significance (P < 0.05) underwent logistic regression. A predictive model for poor outcomes was developed and evaluated using ROC curve, AUC and DCA for combined predictive efficacy. The poor-recovery group had a higher proportion of children with parental smoking history, severe pneumonia, mixed infections, longer antibiotic use, CRP and PCT levels (all P < 0.05), but a lower rate of combined drug treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression identified severe pneumonia (OR=1.554, 95% CI: 1.136-2.124), longer antibiotic courses (OR=1.254, 95% CI: 1.152-1.364) and elevated CRP/PCT levels as independent risk factors. The predictive model showed an AUC of 0.847 (95% CI: 0.802-0.893), with a 23.8% recovery difference between groups. Combined antibiotic use, antibiotic duration and inflammation level were independent factors significantly affecting CAP children's recovery, highlighting the critical role of rational medication in CAP outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1213-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vascular ultrasound in the monitoring of vascular injury in patients after intravenous chemotherapy. 血管超声在静脉化疗后血管损伤监测中的应用。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13883.1

Liling Lin, Ling Li, Jinglian Lin

引用次数: 0

Observation on the efficacy of Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus minus Tang combined with sodium valproate in the treatment of meningitis-associated epilepsy. 小柴胡汤加减汤联合丙戊酸钠治疗脑膜炎相关性癫痫疗效观察。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13815.1

Yiming Li, Xiao Zhang, Maoyun Wang, Shuai Meng, Fagen Li

{"title":"Observation on the efficacy of Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus minus Tang combined with sodium valproate in the treatment of meningitis-associated epilepsy.","authors":"Yiming Li, Xiao Zhang, Maoyun Wang, Shuai Meng, Fagen Li","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13815.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13815.1","url":null,"abstract":"Meningitis is a neurological condition that can be severe causing epilepsy. This study analyzed the efficacy of Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus minus Tang combined with sodium valproate in the treatment of meningitis-associated epilepsy. 100 patients with meningitis-associated epilepsy during June 2022 to June 2024 were randomised to control group (n=50) and study group (n=50). Both groups were treated with sodium valproate and study group was added Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus minus Tang treatment. To evaluate the traditional Chinese medicine symptom (TCMS) scores, cerebrospinal fluid returning to normal proportion, neurological factors, inflammatory factors, immune indicators, life qualities scores, functional area scores, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions incidence in both groups. All the results of the both groups post-therapy were better versus pre-therapy. Post-therapy, the TCMS scores, erebrospinal fluid returning to normal proportion, neurological factors, immune indicators, life qualities scores, functional area scores and clinical efficacy were above to control group, the inflammatory factors and adverse reactions incidence were below in study group (p<0.05). The efficacy of this combination therapy for the treatment of meningitis-associated epilepsy is accurate and has high clinical value.","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"38 4","pages":"1285-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heart matters: Understanding heart attacks. 心脏问题：了解心脏病发作。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13568.1

Sabira Sultana, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Mudassar, Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir, Abdul Waheed, Zia Ashraf, Momina Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Naveed Munir, Muhammad Mustafa Qamar

引用次数: 0