Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic immunomodulatory effects of Cistanche deserticola, Schisandra chinensis and Cornus officinalis on elderly patients with recurrent pneumonia: A retrospective clinical controlled trial.","authors":"Yuhan Zhang, Jinying Liu","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15065.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15065.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent pneumonia in the elderly can repeatedly damage lung function and reduce quality of life, posing certain challenges to clinical treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the synergistic immune regulatory effects of Cistanche deserticola, Schisandra chinensis and Cornus officinalis on elderly patients with recurrent pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 165 patients with recurrent pneumonia from Chengde Medical University from January 2024 to January 2025 were recruited, 158 were enrolled after exclusions, 8 lost to follow-up, and 150 finally analyzed. The 150 patients were divided into MC group (n=75) and MA group (n=75). Both groups were treated with Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang and Azithromycin, while the MC group was additionally treated with Cistanche deserticola, Schisandra chinensis and Cornus officinalis. The main evaluation includes the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score (TCMSS), lung function indicators, inflammation indicators, immune indicator levels and clinical efficacy of two groups. Secondary outcomes include quality of life scores, incidence of complications and adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the lung function indicators, immune indicators and clinical efficacy in MC group were higher than in the CC group; the TCMSS and inflammatory indicators were lower in the CC group (P>0.05). No significant difference in quality of life score, incidence of complications and adverse reactions between the two groups (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This method has a good immunomodulatory effect on elderly patients with recurrent pneumonia and is worthy of further promotion and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"929-943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and microdiscectomy: Outcomes in lumbar disc herniation treatment with post-operative use of analgesics and NSAIDs.","authors":"Huanbin Zhou, Hongzhi Yang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15158.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15158.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microdiscectomy (MD) are both minimally invasive for lumbar disc herniation (LDH); the differential efficacy of analgesics and NSAIDs after these two surgeries requires further clarification.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of analgesics and NSAIDs after PELD and MD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study (Jan 2022-Jun 2024) enrolled 232 LDH patients; 211 were retained after screening and divided into Group A (PELD, n=109) and Group B (MD, n=102). Primary indicators included VAS, ODI and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α; secondary indicators included hospital stay, LANSS score, modified MacNab criteria evaluation and postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 2 weeks postoperatively, Group A had significantly lower VAS, ODI, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and LANSS scores (P=0.035; 0.008; 0.01; 0.038; 0.017; 0.021), while no significant differences were observed at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively between the two groups (all P>0.05). Shorter hospital stays and fewer wound complications in Group A (P=0.023; 0.04). One year postoperatively, no significant differences were observed in the modified MacNab excellent-good rate or the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregabalin and celecoxib administered after PELD/MD were effective and safe for LDH patients. PELD achieved better short-term outcomes, with no significant difference during 1-year follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"1185-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of goserelin acetate implant on improving hormone levels in patients with endometriosis.","authors":"Li Chen, Lan Tang, Weiwei Dong, Shuhua Zeng, Sisi Wu, Hong Ye","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14460.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14460.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis is a hormone-related gynecological disease and characterized by the invasion of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of goserelin acetate implants on hormone levels in patients with endometriosis using a systematic review methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang was conducted for controlled trials from 2000 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 included trials (1,299 participants) showed that goserelin acetate implant treatment significantly improved endometriosis [OR: 5.82, 95% CI (3.20, 10.59), P<0.000001], increased luteinizing hormone [MD: -2.04, 95% CI (-2.26, -1.83), P<0.00001], follicle-stimulating hormone [MD: -2.34, 95% CI (-2.58, -2.10), P<0.00001] and estradiol levels [MD: -1.89, 95% CI (-2.11, -1.66), P<0.00001], while reducing Visual Analog Scale scores [MD: -0.41, 95% CI (-0.48, -0.34), P<0.000001], recurrence rates [OR: 0.15, 95% CI (0.09, 0.24), P<0.00001] and adverse reactions [OR: 0.19, 95% CI (0.06, 0.55), P<0.00001]. The funnel plot exhibited an inverted funnel shape with relative symmetry, indicating no significant publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that goserelin acetate implants can effectively enhance overall treatment outcomes and regulate hormone levels in endometriosis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"1121-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus seed extract in asthmatic mice: Immunological analysis and histopathological evidence.","authors":"Suleman Hussain Shah, Ghulam Murtaza, Mubashar Hussain, Razia Iqbal, Syeda Nadia Ahmad, Bilal Mukhtar, Azalfa Younas, Iram Asad, Sheeza Sakhawat, Aniza Iftikhar","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14841.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14841.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seeds from Abelmoschus esculentus have strong anti-inflammatory properties and may effectively treat inflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the therapeutic potential of A. esculentus seed extract on bioactive components, hematological parameters, liver function tests, leukocytes, cytokines and histology in asthmatic mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were divided into six groups: The normal group, groups treated with A. esculentus (10, 15 and 20 mg/mL), a dexamethasone group (3 mg/mL) and an asthmatic control group. On days 1 and 14 after acclimation, all groups except the normal control received intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin, followed by oral doses of A. esculentus (10, 15 and 20 mg/mL) or dexamethasone (3 mg/mL) during 15^th to 26^th day of the experiment. All treated groups were exposed to ovalbumin inhalation for three days afterward.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bioactive components in the acetonic extract were identified through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The primary bioactive compounds identified were fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolics. Mice given the extract showed improved liver enzyme levels, reduced leukocyte infiltration, alleviated airway constriction, lower cytokine levels (IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A) and normalized blood indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the seed extract of A. esculentus has significant potential to reduce asthma symptoms in the asthmatic mouse model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"1100-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of paroxetine combined with low-dose quetiapine on stress response and endocrine function in patients with treatment-resistant depression and sleep disorders.","authors":"Zhenzhen Zhu, Meng Lu","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.13681.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.13681.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a common mental disorder. Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) often experience sleep disorders (SD), which interact with each other and aggravate the deterioration of the disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we analyzed the effect of paroxetine combined with low-dose quetiapine on patients with treatment-resistant depression complicated by sleep disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We divided treatment-resistant depression + sleep disorders 120 patients into a control group treated with paroxetine and a research group treated with paroxetine + low-dose-quetiapine. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Self-rating Anxiety and Depression Scale (SAS/SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and serum indexes (cortisol, epinephrine, thyroid hormone, etc.) were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of clinical efficacy, the research group demonstrated superior efficacy. Besides, the research group showed lower self-rating anxiety/depression scale scores than the control group after treatment (P<0.05). In terms of sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index of the research group also decreased more significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, better stress injury alleviation and endocrine function improvement were determined in the research group (P<0.05). The two groups were not statistically different in treatment compliance and adverse reactions (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paroxetine combined with a low dose of quetiapine is a clinically effective approach for treatment-resistant depression with sleep disorders and is recommended for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"990-998"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors contributing to in-hospital infections in elderly ICU patients post-antibiotics: A risk prediction model.","authors":"Rongting Bian, Lixia Fan","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14378.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14378.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early identification of high-risk individuals is essential to guide infection-prevention strategies and optimize antibiotic stewardship in this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify independent risk factors associated with hospital-acquired infections in elderly ICU patients following antibiotic use and to develop and internally validate a clinical risk prediction model for early infection detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the ICU of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University. A total of 120 patients aged ≥65 years, with ICU stay >48 hours, no documented infection at ICU admission and antibiotic exposure within 48 hours before or at ICU admission were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, antibiotic exposure characteristics, invasive device use and nutritional support were collected from electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hospital-acquired infections occurred in 46 patients (38.3%). Independent predictors included advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08 per year), higher SOFA score (OR 1.25 per point), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.45), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.65), use of central venous catheters (OR 1.75), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.85), Foley catheterization (OR 1.55), broad-spectrum antibiotic use (OR 1.50), longer antibiotic duration (OR 1.20 per day) and prolonged ICU stay (all p<0.05). The prediction model demonstrated good discrimination (AUC-ROC = 0.82), which improved slightly after variable refinement (AUC-ROC = 0.83). Cross-validated performance remained robust (AUC = 0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multivariable risk prediction model using routinely available clinical parameters demonstrated good internal validity and may assist clinicians in early identification of high-risk patients, enabling targeted infection prevention and improved antibiotic stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"898-911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of inhibitory potential of acamprosate, roxindole and L-ascorbic acid against tryptophan 2, 3 dioxygenase using experimental and computational approaches.","authors":"Farzeen Jamal, Aaminat Qureshi, Mehwish Hamid, Yasmeen Rashid, Samina Bano","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14774.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14774.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is a haem-containing enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, which is imperative for tryptophan metabolism. Primarily found in the liver, TDO facilitates the breakdown of TRP into N-formyl kynurenine. TDO is regarded as a promising target for antidepressant therapies. As an enzyme responsible for tryptophan degradation, its inhibition may enhance serotonin availability, which plays a key role in mood regulation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study identifies TDO as a potential target for central nervous system drugs (acamprosate, roxindole, and L-ascorbic acid) that may alter brain activity and potentially impact mood and behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved male Albino Wistar rats, each weighing between 150 and 200 grams. The rats were decapitated, the livers were promptly excised within 10 seconds, and perfused in situ with ice-cold saline. The perfused livers were then immediately frozen at -80°C for subsequent analysis. In vitro TDO enzyme activity was assessed in frozen liver homogenates. Enzymatic activity was measured for both the holoenzyme and total enzyme spectrophotometrically. Molecular docking of the selected compounds with TDO was conducted using AutoDock Vina. The crystal structure of TDO was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), while ligand structures were obtained from PubChem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro experiments revealed that these drugs inhibited apoenzyme activity by 68-85%, while total enzyme activity was reduced by 34%, 38% and 37% for acamprosate, roxindole, and L-ascorbic acid, respectively. Further validation through molecular docking analysis confirmed their strong binding affinity to the TDO active site, with l-ascorbic acid showing the highest binding energy (-7.2 kcal/mol), followed by acamprosate (-6.7 kcal/mol) and roxindole (-6.4 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that acamprosate, roxindole, and L-ascorbic acid act as competitive TDO inhibitors, potentially enhancing serotonin synthesis and mitigating depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"1083-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the molecular mechanism of icariin in inhibiting liver cirrhosis carcinogenesis by regulating miR-145 based on the ROS-NLRP3 pathway.","authors":"Yanfei Wang, Xiangda Meng, Shimin Wang, Hongting Sui, Wenjuan Wang, Guohua Li, Liping Cong, Chao Wu, Ting Cao, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15414.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15414.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocarcinogenesis arising from liver cirrhosis is a major contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but effective interventions remain limited Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which icariin suppresses cirrhosis-to-cancer progression through the ROS/NLRP3/miR-145 axis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, model, low-dose icariin (ICA-L), high-dose icariin (ICA-H), and positive control. In vitro, SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and various concentrations of icariin to assess their effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cell activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the model group, icariin significantly reduced the liver index, serum AFP levels, Ki-67 positivity, and hepatic ROS levels in rats, suppressed NLRP3 expression, upregulated miR-145, and effectively ameliorated liver fibrosis and dysplasia (P<0.05). In SMMC-7721 cells, icariin inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation, migration and invasion, promoted apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest, while concurrently increasing exosomal miR-145 levels (P<0.05). Further mechanism verification confirmed that miR-145 directly targets and inhibits NLRP3 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Icariin effectively inhibits cirrhosis-associated carcinogenesis by suppressing the ROS-NLRP3 pathway and upregulating miR-145, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"970-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala extract regulating mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum stress through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition in uterine fibroids.","authors":"Ling Huang, Tao Wang, Li Chen, Lei Shi","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14520.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.14520.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uterine fibroids involve abnormal cell proliferation and fibrosis, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) playing a key role. Mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum stress and related signaling pathways are implicated in this process, but the potential of natural extracts for modulation remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether Atractylodes macrocephala extract can reverse EMT progression in uterine fibroids by regulating mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum stress via relevant signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mouse model of uterine fibroids was established and divided into normal, model, and Atractylodes macrocephala extract groups. Measurements included uterine weight, organ coefficient, cell proliferation, and apoptosis rate. Caspase-4 activity analysis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to assess protein and gene expression related to EMT, apoptosis, and signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The uterine fibroid model was successfully established. Treatment with Atractylodes macrocephala extract significantly inhibited uterine fibroid cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and reduced fibrosis. Mechanistically, the extract ameliorated EMT by effectively suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway activity. It concurrently exacerbated endoplasmic reticulum stress (indicated by increased Caspase-4 activity) to promote apoptosis while enhancing lysosome generation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atractylodes macrocephala extract inhibits proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and reduces fibrosis in uterine fibroids by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway and enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. These findings provide a novel strategic basis for developing natural targeted therapies against uterine fibroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"1134-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of donepezil memantine and sodium oligomannate on cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in early Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Xinbo Deng, Ying Zeng, Dan Ding","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15270.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.4.REG.15270.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments include donepezil, memantine and sodium oligomannate, but their comparative effects on cognitive decline and neuroinflammation are understudied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compares three drugs' validity in improving two aspects in early AD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>132 early AD patients from XX Hospital (Jan 2022-Dec 2024) were retrospectively included. After exclusion, 126 patients were divided into 3 groups (42 each): Group A (donepezil), Group B (memantine), Group C (sodium oligomannate). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale--Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), levels of inflammatory mediators, including Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), neuronal marker levels including β-Amyloid (1-42) (Aβ42), Total tau protein (T-tau protein) and adverse reaction incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, compared with Group A, Groups B/C had significantly higher MMSE, ADL, MoCA, Aβ42 (all P<0.05) and lower ADAS-cog, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, T-tau (all P<0.05); compared with Group B, Group C had no significant difference in MMSE, ADAS-cog, ADL, MoCA (all P>0.05), but higher Aβ42 and lower TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, T-tau (all P<0.05); adverse reaction incidence did not differ significantly among the three groups (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Memantine and sodium oligomannate outperform donepezil in improving cognitive function and neuroinflammation, with sodium oligomannate suggesting the best effect on neuroinflammation. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing early AD medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"944-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}