Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

{"title":"An integrated strategy including chemical profiling, network pharmacology and experimental evaluation was used to investigate the effects of Rubia yunnanensis water decoction on vascular dementia.","authors":"Jianghao Cheng, Chao Zhang, Liping Yang, Gaoyizhou Li, Xiaoli Jiang, Pu Chen, Xiaohua Duan","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.14029.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.14029.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent cause of dementia following Alzheimer's disease. Rubia yunnanensis, a medicinal plant recorded in the Chinese Materia Medica, has historically been utilized for managing cerebral ischaemia-related disorders. While recent attention has focused on its neuroprotective potential, the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of Rubia yunnanensis water decoction (RY-W) on VaD remain unelucidated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify the active chemical components and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RY-W in the treatment of VaD by integrating network pharmacology with experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical constituents of RY-W and their potential therapeutic targets were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS and network pharmacology techniques. To validate these findings, the cerebral protective effects of RY-W were assessed in a rat model of VaD. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Pathological changes and molecular markers were analyzed via Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL fluorescence staining, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology analysis identified IL-6, IL-1β, ALB, TNF, and AKT1 as potential core targets for RY-W. Experimental results demonstrated that RY-W significantly alleviated cognitive deficits in VaD rats. Furthermore, RY-W exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and reduced neuronal apoptosis. These neuroprotective effects appear to be mediated through the regulation of ALB and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RY-W effectively ameliorates VaD pathology by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. These findings highlight the involvement of ALB and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in the therapeutic action of RY-W, supporting its potential as a treatment for vascular dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1262-1283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling AKT1 as a key target of β-asarone in Alzheimer's disease through network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations.","authors":"Chunyu Fu, Kedong Guo, Ting Liu, Jian Gong, Haiying Dong","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15243.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15243.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline and complex, multi-factorial pathology. Current single-target drugs provide only limited benefits, and there is a need for more effective therapeutic strategies. β-asarone, a major volatile component of Acorus tatarinowii used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity properties. However, the molecular targets and signaling mechanisms of β-asarone in AD remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the molecular targets and signaling mechanisms of β-asarone in AD by integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Network pharmacology was used to identify overlapping targets between β-asarone and AD. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING, and key targets were analyzed for enrichment in the PI3K-AKT/MAPK pathways. Molecular docking was conducted to assess the binding affinity of β-asarone with multiple targets along the PI3K-AKT axis. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the β-asarone-AKT1 complex were performed for 100 ns to assess the stability of the interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four overlapping targets of β-asarone and AD were identified, with key hub genes enriched in the PI3K-AKT/MAPK pathways. Molecular docking revealed that β-asarone binds to critical nodes along the PI3K-AKT axis with binding free energies (ΔG) of approximately -6.2 kcal/mol and to HRAS/IGF1 with ΔG ≈ -5.2/-4.1 kcal/mol. MD simulations showed stable trajectories for the β-asarone-AKT1 complex (RMSD ~3.5-4.0 Å) with persistent hydrogen bonds, indicating a durable interaction in the ATP-binding pocket.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>β-asarone interacts with multiple interconnected signaling nodes, particularly the PI3K-AKT pathway, to modulate apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and cellular energetics. These findings support the potential of β-asarone as a TCM-derived candidate for the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1340-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology and machine learning reveal multi-target mechanisms of poly herbal formulation against atherosclerosis.","authors":"Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Umer Ghori, Mubashir Hassan, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Muhammad Shareef Masoud","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.13645.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.13645.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herbs, like Allium sativum, Ginkgo biloba and Nerium oleander are traditional medicinal plants that have been used to treat atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This study provides valuable insights into how network pharmacology (NP) and emerging machine learning are utilized to identify potential drug candidates from these plants for treatment of atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NP analysis was employed to screen compounds and their potential gene targets from databases and tools e.g. IMPPAT, PubChem, KNAPSACK, Swiss ADME, Swiss Target Prediction, Disgenet and GeneCard. Cytoscape 3.10.2 was employed to visually understand these networks. DAVID database was used for functional and enrichment analysis of the genes validated through molecular docking using PyRx and Discovery Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Computational tools and bioinformatics approaches showed a few core compounds, such as Quercetin, Naringenin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Daidzein, Luteolin-7-olate, Pinocembrin, Pregnenolone and Fisetin found to be effective against atherosclerosis. Pathway analysis revealed that mechanism of atherosclerosis development is directly associated with cholesterol metabolism, cellular senescence, Ras, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NP and molecular docking analysis suggested that screened compounds may inhibit progression of atherosclerosis by modulating key associated pathways. Hence, this machine learning aided NP study provides basis for understanding and recognizing the activity of these plants in treating atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1578-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the modulation of QTc interval and ventricular arrhythmia in patients with diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension and coronary artery disease.","authors":"Jia Liu, Yinglin Shi, Yuan Zhang, Xin Wang, Xiaoming Zhu","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15600.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15600.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension and coronary artery disease (DM-HTN-CAD) are prone to QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia. Although sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have hypoglycemic and cardioprotective effects, their regulatory effects on relevant indicators in such patients still need to be clarified.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the impact of SGLT2 inhibitor on QTc interval and ventricular arrhythmia in patients with DM-HTN-CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2023 to January 2025, 150 patients with DM-HTN-CAD were selected in the Hospital. Patients were divided into conventional treatment and SGLT2 inhibitor groups depending on the treatment regimen. The SGLT2 inhibitors group received SGLT2 inhibitor treatment in addition to the conventional treatment group. Compression of the main indicators [including QTc interval, changes in echocardiographic parameters (left and right ventricular diameter, left and right atrial diameter and ejection fraction), blood pressure and glucose indicators] and secondary indicators (including quality of life score, incidence of complications and incidence of adverse reactions) before and after treatment was done among both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were observed in the basic characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, all parameters between the two groups illustrated a remarkable discrepancy compared with pre-treatment (P<0.05). In addition, patients in the SGLT2 inhibitors group exhibited lower QTc intervals, left and right atrial diameters, left and right ventricular diameters, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels as compared to the conventional therapy group; The left ventricular ejection fractions, quality of life scores and overall clinical response rates were higher (P<0.05). The complications and adverse reaction incidences were lower in the SGLT2 inhibitors group compared to the conventional treatment group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SGLT2 inhibitors effectively shorten QTc interval, reduce ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular risks in DM-HTN-CAD patients and show favorable safety for clinical reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1538-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of sesame oil wafers and lozenges as saliva substitutes for dry mouth in head and neck cancer patients: A crossover randomized control trial.","authors":"Muhammad Abbas Amanat, Teerapol Srichana, Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui, Angkana Thearmontree","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15179.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15179.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry mouth is a condition associated with significant morbidity. It not only causes discomfort but also increases risk of many health and oral health problems.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared the efficacy and patient satisfaction of a novel sesame oil wafer, called \"Freeze-Dried Sesame Oil Emulsion Salivary Substitute (FD-SOESS),\" with ACT® lozenges in managing dry mouth in patients who had undergone treatment for head and neck cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, single-blind, crossover trial was conducted in 35 patients. Subjective dry mouth (Shortening Xerostomia Inventory), objective dry mouth (Clinical Oral Dryness Score, CODS), dysphagia (Eating Assessment Tool-10, EAT-10) and oral mucositis (WHO Oral Toxicity Scale) were assessed before and after 2 weeks of use. Satisfaction was rated using a visual analog scale (VAS 0-10). Outcomes were compared using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both products showed significant improvements in objective dry mouth. While the lozenges group showed a borderline significant improvement in subjective dry mouth (P=0.037). Notably, the FD-SOESS group demonstrated significant improvement in dysphagia scores (P=0.003). Satisfaction levels were moderate to high in both groups, with slightly higher levels in the FD-SOESS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To conclude, FD-SOESS significantly improved objective dry mouth and dysphagia but not subjective dry mouth. It received a relatively high level of satisfaction. Therefore, this newly developed product has the potential to be an alternative product for dry mouth patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1460-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an HPLC-QAMS method for simultaneous quantification of two morinidazole impurities, three ornidazole impurities and one levornidazole impurity in morinidazole sodium chloride injection.","authors":"Jie Lin, Penghe Xu, Huina Zhang, Menggan Wang, Jianjun Liu, Chunrui Zhang, Hangyu Zhao, Yonghua Yu","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15048.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15048.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed and validated a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of related substances in Morinidazole Sodium Chloride Injection.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>As a novel nitroimidazole antimicrobial, the quality control of Morinidazole is crucial for ensuring clinical drug safety, particularly in monitoring specific impurities that may arise during production or storage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a method capable of simultaneously quantifying two Morinidazole impurities, three Ornidazole impurities, and one Levornidazole impurity (Levornidazole impurity II), and to evaluate its environmental friendliness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Separation was performed using a Waters Symmetry C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile in a gradient elution program. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was maintained at 30°C, the detection wavelength was set at 319 nm, and the injection volume was 20 µL. Impurity quantification was performed using the main component self-compare method (Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components by a Single Marker, QAMS), and the results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method. Method validation was conducted in accordance with ICH guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method demonstrated good specificity. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were 0.2 µg/mL and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. Excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.995) was achieved within the range of 0.2-4.0 µg/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 95% to 105% (RSD < 2.0%). Both the system suitability solution and the test sample solution remained stable for 30 hours. The Analytical Greenness (AGREE) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) scores for the QAMS method were 0.66 and 80.0, respectively. No significant difference was found between the results obtained by the QAMS method and the external standard method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established HPLC-QAMS method is accurate, sensitive, and environmentally friendly. It is suitable for the quality control of related impurities in Morinidazole Sodium Chloride Injection and provides technical support for the clinical safety evaluation of this preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1590-1601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of macrolide resistance gene msrA in clinically isolated erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from a tertiary care setting in Sindh, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Mushtaq Hussain, Muhammad Yahya Noori, Sanya Shabbir, Shaheen Sharafat","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.12053.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.12053.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gene msrA is an efflux pump that encodes proteins causing macrolide resistance in different organisms. Macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is an emerging clinical challenge. The msrA efflux pump gene plays a significant role in mediating this resistance, making its local prevalence clinically relevant.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the frequency of the msrA gene among clinically isolated erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January 2018 to 31st January 2019. The frequency of msrA gene was determined in clinically isolated erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Dow University of Health Sciences. A total of 40 (n=40) erythromycin resistant S. aureus strains were isolated from the clinical samples and were obtained according to standard procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity was done as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Resistant isolates were stored in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed to detect the presence of msrA genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of msrA was 70% in clinically isolated erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results, it was concluded that msrA is a significant contributor to the macrolide resistance in locally isolated clinical strains. A major clinical implication of this finding could be the use of efflux pump inhibitors with the macrolides may increase the sensitivity of the bacteria to the drugs, with favorable clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1552-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifebrile effects of dexibuprofen suppository on children with high fever.","authors":"Zhiyang Wu, Junfeng Fu, Pengxiang Lin, Jiawei Li, Zhenjie Zhang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.13791.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.13791.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute fever is a frequently-seen disease in the department of paediatrics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the antipyretic efficacy of dexibuprofen suppositories in pediatric patients with high fever.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>100 children with high fever who received antipyretic treatment in our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Among them, 57 children treated with dexibuprofen suppositories were taken as the study group and 43 children treated with ibuprofen suspension were taken as the control group. The body temperatures of the two groups were analyzed and compared before medication and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hrs after medication. The two groups were compared in the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions. Independent sample t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for comparisons between groups and chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group had significantly lower temperatures at 0.5, 2, 4 and 6 hrs (P < 0.0001), with similar overall efficacy (P > 0.05) and fewer adverse reactions (P = 0.0272). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that the disease course and admission body temperature were independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dexibuprofen suppository provides rapid and effective antipyresis with better safety in pediatric emergency settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1254-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, blood biochemical parameters evaluation and antidiabetic potential of thiobarbiturate derivatives.","authors":"Salar Muhammad, Abad Khan, Momin Khan, Sana Mustamir, Muhammad Zahoor, Riaz Ullah, Amal Alotaibi","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15213.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15213.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and is considered one of the top five leading causes of death globally.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study was designed to evaluate the two newly synthesized thiobarbituric acid analogues for anti-hyperglycemic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In experimental animal diabetes was induced using alloxan. The compounds designated as SL1 and SL2 were fed to animals to ameliorate the symptoms of induced diabetes. Level of blood glucose and weight of animals along with other biochemical parameters were monitored daily for four weeks. Antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Safety profile of compounds SL1 and SL2 was confirmed up to 250 mg/kg. Groups treated with SL1 had a substantial reduction in blood glucose levels (127.25±4.81mg/dL and 115.61±4.65 mg/dL) at respective doses, whereas for SL2 the recorded values were 148.98±4.36 mg/dL and 129.81±4.59 mg/dL (p<0.001). The diabetic group of animals treated with SL1 and SL2 significantly reduced HbA1c (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and creatinine. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was effectively enhanced in the treated groups (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the compounds were significantly effective in normalizing the symptoms of induced diabetes and changes brought about in other blood parameters in experimental animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1381-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical investigations and mechanistic insights into the antioxidant effects of drugs post-cataract surgery.","authors":"Ganlin Tang","doi":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15135.1","DOIUrl":"10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.5.REG.15135.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative recovery from cataract surgery in elderly patients can be complicated by oxidative stress and inflammation, which may affect clinical outcomes. Mingmu Dihuang Tang (MDT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is postulated to offer antioxidative and anti-inflammatory benefits in this context.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of MDT as an adjunctive therapy for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in elderly patients after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, 120 patients were allocated to either a control group (conventional Western medicine) or an experimental group (conventional treatment plus MDT). Serum and aqueous humor levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured. Visual acuity and lens opacity were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activities (GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, TAC) and IL-2 levels, alongside lower nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations (P<0.05). The MDT group also showed superior visual acuity recovery, reduced lens clouding and a lower complication rate (6.21% vs. control, P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjunctive therapy with MDT enhances antioxidant capacity, modulates inflammation and improves clinical outcomes in cataract surgery recovery, demonstrating significant value for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19971,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"39 5","pages":"1498-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}