A novel approach to urease inhibition and antioxidant therapeutics by using AgNPs-doped TiO2NPs stabilized by short chain pyrazole carbothioamide derivatives.

Abstract

This study details our approach to the synthesis, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs). Prior to doping both the nanoparticles AgNPs and TiO₂NPs were stabilized by a new small chain 5-(3-Nitrophenyl) Hydrazono-2-Pyridine-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Thioamide (PDPC). The PDPC's small alkyl chain demonstrated efficient modulation over the growth dynamics and structural characteristics of AgNPs doped TiO2NPs system. An extensive study of the electronic and photonic properties of PDPC-stabilized (AgNPs) integrated into (TiO₂NPs) was conducted utilizing advanced methods such as ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and fourier-transform IR. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the morphology of the PDPC-stabilized (AgNPs) incorporated into (TiO₂NPs), with an average diameter measured at 3±1 nm. The synthesized PDPC-stabilized (AgNPs) doped with (TiO₂NPs) demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, achieving 82 ± 0.01% inhibition, alongside notable urease inhibition, with an efficacy of 80 ± 0.53% inhibition. Additionally, this composite system was effective in the reduction of Para-nitrophenol (PNP) and Methylene-blue (MB) dye. The integration of PDPC-stabilized AgNPs doped TiO₂NPs facilitated the rapid transformation of p-nitrophenol and Methylene-blue into p-aminophenol (p-Amp) and leuco Methylene-blue (LMB) within one second, utilizing sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) at normal temperature and pressure conditions demonstrated a kinetic behavior typical of pseudo-first-order reactions.