Comprehensive omics analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardioembolic stroke provides new biological insights and therapeutic targets.

The objective of this study is to investigate the shared genes that are differentially expressed (DEGs) between CES and T2DM, as well as uncover the hidden molecular mechanisms involved. We retrieved the gene expression profiles for CES (GSE58294) and T2DM (GSE25724) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then per formed 5 analyses: Identify the overlapping DEGs between CES and T2DM, correlation analysis of hub genes; transcriptional regulation analysis of hub genes; single-cell sequencing analysis and potential therapeutic drug prediction. A total of 239 overlapping genes with the same trends were identified as DEGs between two datasets. Functional analysis emphasized the crucial role of neuronal cell development in these two diseases. Through the three algorithms of plug-in cytoHubba, five common hub genes were identified as HNRNPD, APP, ESR1, RHOA and DICER1. Single-cell analysis further confirmed the expression of five hub genes. In addition, TF (FOXC1) and miRNAs (miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p) were identified as potential key regulators between the CES and T2DM. This research reveals the shared pathogenesis of CES and T2DM. In the future, these common hub genes may provide new targets for further mechanistic research as well as new therapies for patients with CES and T2DM.