Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Red Attire on Sentencing in Criminal Cases.","authors":"Isabel R DeSanno, Richard P Conti, Joseph H Preckajlo","doi":"10.1177/00315125251357639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251357639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study attempts to understand if there is a bias towards a specific color of jumpsuit worn by criminal defendants; precisely, if red, when worn by violent criminals, convinces a jury of their guilt before the trial is over. Participants (<i>N</i> = 822) were assigned to one of six conditions in a 3 (color of jumpsuit: red, black, white) × 2 (gender: male and female) factorial design where they read a criminal case and were asked to provide a recommended sentence. Participants also completed the Belief in Just World Scale (BJW) and the Revised Legal Attitudes Questionnaire (RLAQ). Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that jurors would recommend the harshest sentence when a male defendant is wearing a red jumpsuit. Results indicated that female defendants received significantly lower recommended sentences than male defendants in each of the conditions. Female defendants in red prison attire received significantly lower recommended sentences than female defendants in each of the other conditions. As expected, higher BJW and RLAQ scores were associated with longer sentences in each of the conditions. Implications for further research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251357639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in Parameters of Sport Performance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Elif Aleyna Yazgan, Begüm Kara Kaya, Pelin Tiryaki, Ecenur Atlı, Ugur Cavlak","doi":"10.1177/00315125251359760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251359760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) are considered effective tools to improve performance in athletes. This systematic review aims to investigate the existing literature on the effects of MI, AO, and the combined use of both methods on sport performance in healthy athletes. This study was conducted following the PRISMA guideline statement. Electronic databases were originally searched. The randomized controlled studies that were published (from January 2000 to May 2024) in the PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were checked. Eligible studies were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers. Quality assessment was made using the PEDro scale and Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Nine studies (a total of 339 participants) were selected for the analysis. Four studies combined MI and AO methods, while five studies implemented MI training alone. Sport performance parameters including speed, reaction time, sport-specific performance, strength, power performance, and maximum oxygen consumption were evaluated through studies. Eight studies reported significant improvements in various performance parameters, while a study applying one session of MI reported no change in oxygen consumption. The findings indicate that MI, AO, and their combined use may offer significant benefits for sports performance parameters such as speed, reaction time, and strength. While the combination of MI and AO shows promising potential, further research is needed to establish its efficacy. However, no conclusive evidence currently identifies the optimal protocol for maximizing their effectiveness in enhancing sports performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251359760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideal L2 Self, Mindfulness, and Academic Buoyancy as Predictors of Foreign Language Achievement in EFL Learners.","authors":"Jalil Fathi, Neda Rezaei, Hamed Mohammad Hosseini","doi":"10.1177/00315125251340564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251340564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the interplay between the ideal L2 self, mindfulness, academic buoyancy, and foreign language achievement (FLA) among intermediate-level English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in Iran. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), data from 347 participants revealed significant relationships among these constructs. The ideal L2 self was found to have a direct positive effect on FLA, supporting the L2 Motivational Self System framework. Although mindfulness did not show a direct significant effect on FLA, it indirectly influenced FLA through academic buoyancy. Academic buoyancy mediated the relationships between both the ideal L2 self and mindfulness with FLA, highlighting its crucial role in academic resilience. These findings suggest that fostering a strong ideal L2 self and integrating mindfulness practices can enhance academic buoyancy, thereby improving language learning outcomes. The implications of this study for theory and practice highlight the importance of resilience-building and motivational strategies in language education. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251340564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an Eight-Week Psychomotor Processing Speed Program on Physical and Cognitive Abilities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Luis Galhardas, Hélio Mamoru Yoshida, Armando Raimundo, José Marmeleira","doi":"10.1177/00315125251359748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251359748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a psychomotor processing speed program on the physical and cognitive functioning of community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-two participants (80.6 ± 1.9 years) were allocated to the exercise group (EG) while twenty-one (mean age: 79.2 ± 1.2 years) were designated to the control group (CG). Participants in the exercise program underwent a psychomotor processing speed intervention twice a week for a duration of 8 weeks. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Following the 8-week program, statistically significant enhancements (<i>p</i> < .05) were observed in all physical fitness parameters (strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and balance), as well as in most cognitive parameters (reaction time, visual attention, executive functioning, and processing speed). Small to large effect sizes were established. The findings suggest that a psychomotor processing speed program can have a comprehensive impact on an individual's functional abilities and should be promoted for implementation in community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251359748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Serve Tactics Shape Game Dynamics in Professional Men's Padel.","authors":"Mario Mauro, Diego Muñoz, Iván Martín-Miguel, Stefania Toselli, Francisco García, Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz","doi":"10.1177/00315125251359775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251359775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Padel has become extremely popular in the last decade. Investigators have debated several physical and technical-tactical parameters of performance in the sport, but the influence of serve on match development remains unclear. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the role of serve strategies on match scores and results. Three thousand five hundred thirty-seven points from 41 men's matches on the Premier Padel circuit during the 2023 season (27.63 ± 3.75 years, 180.24 ± 6.5 cm) were collected by systematic observation and analysed, with a degree of intra and inter-observer reliability equal to 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The glass was the favourite serve direction, independently of tactic (64.83%, <i>p</i> < .001). Despite this, serving at the T of the line with the conventional formation increases the winning rate by 2.39 (95% CI: 1.40, 4.09; <i>p</i> = .045), whereas it decreases it by 0.45 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.98; <i>p</i> = .002) at the right side. In addition, the probability of winning each point decreased by 3.84% (<i>p</i> < .001) for each additional rally played, and its total length increased at the second serve (<i>p</i> = .012). As in elder racket sports, serve results as a critical moment of the match that affects the match events. Coaches may focus on tactical strategies, carrying the first ball of every point.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251359775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Clinical Assessment of Visual, Vestibular, Somatosensory, and Autonomic Function: Establishing Test Re-Test Reliability in a Healthy Population.","authors":"Michaela McGrath, Gordon Waddington, Bernie Bissett, Angie Fearon, Jeremy Witchalls","doi":"10.1177/00315125251358318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251358318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionMaintaining balance is a complex process involving the integration of information from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory (VVS) systems, along with autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Traditional assessments of these systems are often expensive, limited to specialised settings or focus on overall balance outcomes, potentially overlooking deficits in the individual systems. This study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a novel, fully portable clinical assessment tool designed to provide objective measures for individual components of the VVS system and ANS function.MethodsTwenty-eight participants (aged 20-88 years), with no comorbidities and meeting Australian physical activity guidelines, completed the protocol twice. The novel clinical assessment tool comprised of two systems: (1) a virtual reality-type headset incorporating eye-tracking to evaluate visual-vestibular function (smooth pursuit and voluntary saccades), and autonomic function (pupil light reflex); and (2) the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA) for somatosensory function. Reliability was assessed using two-way mixed-effects model (consistency type, single rater) Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC 3,1) calculated in R-studio. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) was also calculated. Bland-Altman plots were utilised to visualise the agreement between two test repeats.ResultsEach metric demonstrated at least moderate to good test re-test reliability: left and right AMEDA (ICC = 0.69 and 0.75), smooth pursuit (ICC = 0.67), voluntary saccades (ICC = 0.53), autonomic response delay (ICC = 0.80), parasympathetic function (ICC = 0.86), and sympathetic function (ICC = 0.89).DiscussionThis study supports the reliability of a new, fully portable clinical assessment tool to assess VVS and ANS function. By demonstrating the reliability of this new streamlined tool for evaluating the VVS and ANS systems, the findings of this study has the potential to enhance clinical practice and research in falls prevention and balance rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251358318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variety and Time in Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity: Do Contextual Factors Play a Role?","authors":"Lauren G León, Dale S Bond, Hollie A Raynor","doi":"10.1177/00315125251358903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251358903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most adults do not meet physical activity guidelines, and novel strategies are needed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical activity variety (PAV), or the number of different activities performed (mode), is positively related to time engaged in MVPA. Contextual factors of MVPA, such as being active with others, engaging in other activities (listening to music) while doing MVPA, and location of MVPA, may add to PAV beyond modality alone, strengthening the relationship between PAV and MVPA and offering a potentially novel strategy to increase MVPA. For this naturalistic prospective study, adults (<i>n</i> = 25; 76.0% female, age = 26.0 ± 8.9 years, BMI = 23.4 ± 2.3 kg/m²) wore activity monitors and recorded activity mode and contextual factors in paper diaries for 3 weeks. PAV was coded as the number of unique activities (MODE), and unique activities by unique location (WHERE), unique companion (WHO), or unique simultaneous activity (OTHER) for each week and overall. Mean variety scores for contextual measures (WHERE, WHO, and OTHER) were significantly larger than mean variety scores for modality alone (MODE) (<i>p</i> < .05). All types of variety were significantly associated with MVPA (<i>r</i>s = .58-.84). For contextual variety, only OTHER significantly increased time spent in MVPA beyond MODE alone in week 3 (Δ<i>r</i> = .18, <i>p</i> = .021) and overall (Δ<i>r</i> = .19, <i>p</i> = .006). Thus, varying PA modalities while also varying contextual elements may increase MVPA. Encouraging adults to vary how they engage in PA-e.g., listening to music while walking-may be a strategy to support increased MVPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251358903"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle Performance of Youth Female Volleyball Players According to Different Biological Maturation and Training Status.","authors":"Caner Mavili, Huseyin Celik, Evrim Unver, Hatice Yagmur Zengin, Sukru Alpan Cinemre","doi":"10.1177/00315125251358284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251358284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biological maturation and training status on stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance in youth female athletes.MethodsA total of 120 youth female volleyball players, whose biological maturation status was divided into three categories (pre, mid and post PHV) according to the Mirwald equation, voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were further divided into two groups (competitive and recreational) according to their training status and competition level in order to observe the effects of training on SSC. The competitive group trained for at least 4 hours per week and participated in official competitions in the previous year, while the recreational group spent only 2 hours in volleyball activities. Drop jump (DJ) tests were performed to assess SSC performance. Reactive strength index (RSI), ground contact time (GCT), flight time (FT), and jump height (JH) were calculated from the DJ test. A 20-m sprint test was also performed.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between maturation status for RSI (<i>p</i> < .001), GCT (<i>p</i> < .001), FT (<i>p</i> < .001), JH (<i>p</i> < .001), and 20-m sprint-time (<i>p</i> < .001). In addition, with respect to training status, significant differences were observed only for sprint-time (<i>p</i> < .05) and GCT (<i>p</i> < .001). No significant differences were observed in the interaction between training status and biological maturity.ConclusionSSC performance is influenced by maturation and partially by training status. The effect of training was observed in GCT and sprint-time, where technical skills may be prominent. Maturity and training status should be considered when evaluating and monitoring SSC in youth female athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251358284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Powered Assessment of Motor Development: Using Platforms Like KineticAI to Analyze Fundamental Movement Skills in Children.","authors":"Jing Xuan Guo, Gao Hua Zhang, You Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00315125251357047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251357047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to examine the precision, dependability, and relevance of AI-based evaluations in contrast to conventional human evaluations. In all, 200 7-8-year-old students from urban and suburban schools participated in the study. Based on movement speed, accuracy, and smoothness, KineticAI's assessment of their motor skills divided them into three categories: proficiency, developing, and emerging. A thorough examination of KineticAI's validity and reliability was ensured by evaluating its psychometric qualities using COSMIN criteria. Furthermore, AI-generated scores and human evaluator ratings were compared using TGMD-3 as a standard. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were among the statistical techniques used to evaluate the degree of agreement. With an ICC of 0.94, the results show that KineticAI achieves great accuracy and dependability, showing strong consistency with human judgments. With running (3.8), jumping (4.2), hopping (5.1), and balancing (4.9) points, the AI system demonstrated a negligible mean absolute error (MAE) across motor skills, thereby proving its accuracy. Disparities in motor proficiency were also found by gender and school, with suburban girls scoring the lowest and urban boys the highest. These results highlight how crucial it is to provide everyone with fair access to organized physical activity programs to close developmental gaps. The study indicates that KineticAI offers a scalable, objective, and efficient alternative to traditional motor assessments. It is a valuable tool for use in schools, rehabilitation clinics, and sports training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251357047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Delayed Effects of Kinesio Taping on Muscular Activity and Throwing Velocity in Female Handball Players: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover Study.","authors":"Zeynep Demiray, Yücel Makaracı, Hüseyin Duysak","doi":"10.1177/00315125251357631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251357631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinesio Taping (KT) is widely used in athletic settings to enhance performance, yet its short-term effects on muscular activity and sport-specific tasks remain unclear. This study examined the short-term delayed effects of KT on muscular activity and throwing velocity in female handball players. Seventeen amateur female handball players were randomly assigned to either a KT or placebo tape group using a crossover design. KT was applied with an inhibition technique to muscles of the throwing arm, while the placebo group received similar taping without any specific technique. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity and throwing velocity were measured at baseline, 1, 24, and 48 hours post-taping, with a seven-day wash-out period between KT and placebo tape treatments. Results revealed a significant time effect on sEMG activity in the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, as well as a time-by-group interaction for the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU). Additionally, a significant time and time-by-group interaction effect was detected on throwing velocity. Our findings suggest that KT may enhance throwing velocity in female handball players. Additionally, KT may exert a localized neuromuscular effect, as it significantly affected sEMG activity only in the FCU among the muscles examined. Future research should explore the delayed and prolonged effects of KT on elite-level and/or male athletes to further validate and expand these findings in the athletic setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251357631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}