Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Is There a Curvilinear Trajectory of Motor Competence Across Different Weight Status? Exploring the Non-Linear Hypothesis in Adolescents.","authors":"Daniel das Virgens Chagas, Maria Carolina Joia, Blena Marinho, Fabricio Vasconcellos","doi":"10.1177/00315125251320131","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251320131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Evidence supports that motor competence is inversely associated with weight status, yet less is known about this relationship among young people who are underweight. We hypothesized that there is a non-linear trajectory of motor competence across weight status categories (from underweight to obesity). <b>Purpose:</b> To check whether a non-liner relationship exists between motor competence and weight status in adolescents. <b>Research Design:</b> Cross-sectional study. <b>Study sample:</b> we assessed the motor competence of 310 participants (44.8% boys), aged 12-15 years. <b>Data Collection:</b> Motor competence was assessed the Korperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). Weight status (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) was determined using body mass index (BMI). <b>Results:</b> Motor competence was inversely associated with BMI in normal weight (rho = -.222, <i>p</i> = .001), overweight (rho = -.309, <i>p</i> = .028) and obesity (rho = -.663, <i>p</i> < .001), but not in underweight (rho = .193, <i>p</i> = .508). Adolescents with normal weight presented higher motor competence than those with overweight (mean difference = 17.198, <i>p</i> = .001) and obesity (mean difference = 31.686, <i>p</i> < .001). There was no significant difference in motor competence between normal weight and underweight categories. In addition, boys showed a curvilinear trajectory of motor competence, being ascendant from underweight to normal weight and then downward with increasing BMI. Polynomial regressions, fitting a non-linear model, confirmed a non-linear relationship between motor competence and BMI in boys (B = -3.534, <i>p</i> < .001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that the inverse relationship between motor competence and BMI does not occur in adolescents who are underweight. Furthermore, our results supported the non-linear hypothesis about the relationship between motor competence and weight status in boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"517-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protocol for Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment (AMEDA) is Reliable When Shortened From 50 to 25 Stimuli to Reduce Testing Fatigue.","authors":"Gordon Waddington, Jeremy Witchalls","doi":"10.1177/00315125241304169","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241304169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Active movement extent discrimination assessment (AMEDA) is a psychophysical task that evaluates proprioception and tactile acuity of the lower limbs, and it is a method of determining sensorimotor ability. Sensorimotor ability is the ability to judge small differences in movement tasks through the process of receiving sensory messages (sensory input) and producing a response (motor output). Participant attention lapses in prior psychophysical studies have been implicated as a cause for increased measurement variance thresholds in these types of assessments. Since minimizing the time needed for the AMEDA may help to reduce attention lapses, we compared the reliability of the 50-repetition AMEDA protocol (Group 1) with that of a 25-repetition protocol (Group 2). We assessed the split half reliability of these two approaches, using the Spearman-Brown Adjusted Pearson correlation (r). For each method, we calculated Bland-Altman Plots and Intra Class Correlation Coefficients to compare the reliability of the two data sets and determine the 95% confidence intervals. Split-half test re-test Spearman-Brown Adjusted Pearson r (r_full) was Group 1 <i>r</i>_<i>full</i> = 0.83 and Group 2 <i>r</i>_<i>full</i> = 0.85. The Bland-Altman Plots indicated only a small degree of bias from the zero-difference line, with 95% of the difference points lying within the limits of agreement. For Group 1, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way, agreement was 0.83 (95% CI 0.54-0.93) and for Group 2, the ICC, two-way, agreement, was 0.85 (95% CI 0.66-0.93). The MDC90 for Group 1 was 0.082 AUC units and for Group 2, it was 0.086 AUC units. The combined data for Group 1 plus Group 2 Bland-Altman Plot indicated only a small degree of bias from the zero-difference line, with 95% of the difference points lying within the limits of agreement. The MDC90 for the combined groups was 0.08 AUC units. The multiple methods from previous research assessing test re-test reliability that we applied to our two data sets indicate that the 25-response AMEDA was a reliable system for evaluating sensorimotor function in the lower limbs and may be an alternative for the more traditional 50-response protocol in which lapses in participant attention from fatigue or other biases may be a concern. There are also practical advantages in time restricted athletic screenings to a shorter administration of this assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"395-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Gender-Based Disparities in Finalist Technical-Tactical Actions: A Study of Amateur and Professional Padel Players.","authors":"Ana Isabel Fernández de Ossó, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Diego Muñoz, Adrián Escudero-Tena","doi":"10.1177/00315125241303276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241303276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim in this study was to analyze gender differences across amateur and professional padel players related to the last shot of each rally. We analyzed a total of 180 games per category (professional and amateur), with 90 games for each gender. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses, including the Chi-square (χ2) statistical test, the Cramer's V coefficient (Vc), subsequent Z-tests and corrected standard residuals (CSR). Results revealed that male amateurs produced more winners than female amateurs (CSR = 3.2). Conversely, male professionals exhibited more forced errors (CSR = 3.0) than female professionals, while female professionals committed more unforced errors (CSR = 3.8). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the type of the last shot played and player gender among amateurs, particularly when the last shot resulted in a winner (<i>p</i> < .001) or an unforced error (<i>p</i> = .011). Similarly, among professionals, there was a significant relationship between gender and last shot play when the last shot was a forced error (<i>p</i> = .009). Likewise, there was a relationship between the court zone and gender in amateur padel, when the last shot was an unforced error (<i>p</i> = .002) and among professionals, when the last shot was a winner (<i>p</i> = .001). In conclusion, the type of technical-tactical action, its effectiveness, and the area of the court were influenced by the players' sex in both amateur and professional padel.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":"132 3","pages":"548-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Change of Direction and Neuromuscular Power in Children: Insights From an Allometric Approach in Mediterranean Youth.","authors":"Fatih Hazar, Matteo Giuriato, Dario Novak, Nicola Lovecchio, Alan Nevill","doi":"10.1177/00315125251347989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251347989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the physical performance of children aged 8-10 from northeastern Mediterranean regions (Italy, Türkiye, and Croatia) with a focus on change of direction (COD) ability and neuromuscular power through an allometric approach. A total of 890 children participated, undergoing assessments including the 4 × 10 m shuttle run for COD and the standing broad jump (SBJ) for explosive leg strength. An allometric scaling model was used to control for variations in body size, allowing for an analysis that accounts for growth factors like height and weight. Results show that height positively contributes to shuttle run performance, while increased body mass has a negative impact. The inclusion of SBJ in the model indicated that neuromuscular power further enhances COD ability, particularly in a balanced ecto-mesomorphic body type. Regional differences were also noted, with Italian and Croatian children outperforming Turkish peers, suggesting environmental or cultural influences. The findings underscore the importance of promoting strength and motor skills in youth physical education to enhance agility and overall fitness. These results offer valuable insights for designing tailored training programs that support balanced physical development in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251347989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on Oral Feeding Skills, Weight Gain, and Duration of Hospital Stay in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Şerife Tutar, Nazmiye Yirik","doi":"10.1177/00315125251346863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251346863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AimThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on oral feeding skills, weight gain, and duration of hospital stay in preterm infants.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and reported according to the PRISMA flow diagram. The literature review was carried out over articles published in English in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, Cochrane, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, and Google Academic databases. There was no time limitation in the data review, and 11 articles were included in the study.ResultsIn our study, it was determined that the transition time to first oral and full oral feeding was shorter, Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Scale (POFRAS) scores were higher, postmenstrual age in full oral feeding was lower and weight gain was higher in preterm infants who were applied PIOMI. In addition, it was determined that preterm infants who were applied PIOMI switched to full oral feeding at lower weights and had a shorter hospital stay.ConclusionThis study revealed that PIOMI positively affected the duration of transition to oral nutrition, oral nutrition skills, weight gain, and duration of hospital stay in preterm infants. However, considering that PIOMI may be affected by clinical and cultural practices, there is a need to conduct randomized controlled experimental studies with a large sample size in which the effectiveness of PIOMI is tested by standardizing the frequency and duration of application in newborns with more homogeneous characteristics in terms of age and weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251346863"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Quiet Eye and Kinematic Characteristics Based on Expertise in Badminton Backhand Serve.","authors":"Seok-Hyun Song","doi":"10.1177/00315125251346882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251346882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The badminton backhand serve is a fundamental skill that determines the start of a rally, requiring precise timing and stable movement control. In particular, effective visual attention, known as Quiet Eye (QE), is likely to play a crucial role in movement planning and motor control. However, research on QE during the execution of a badminton backhand serve remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to examine the differences in QE based on expertise while analyzing the interaction between QE and upper limb joint movements to understand the underlying mechanisms of the execution of the serve. By doing so, this study seeks to identify the specific visual information involved in badminton backhand serve performance and provide foundational data for performance enhancement. Expert and novice players were instructed to perform backhand short and long serves in both singles and doubles conditions, and QE, wrist joint MEA (Maximum Extension Angular Velocity), and elbow joint MEA were analyzed for each condition. The results showed that skilled players had a longer QE duration than novices, with a particularly longer QE and lower wrist MEA observed in the doubles short serve condition. Additionally, a significant correlation between QE and MEA was found during the execution of the short serve. These findings align with certain aspects of the posture-kinematics hypothesis, particularly in terms of joint-level control. However, further research incorporating direct measures of postural control is required, and there is a need for a more refined analysis of the relationship between visual attention and motor control in badminton serves.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251346882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Robot-Assisted Therapy on Upper Extremity Functions and Functional Independence in Geriatric Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Fatih Tekin, Umut Samsum, Ümmühan Melisa Gündüz","doi":"10.1177/00315125251347790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251347790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AimStroke often leads to impaired motor functions, particularly in upper extremities, making functional recovery essential for quality of life and independence. This study aims to examine effects of robot-assisted therapy on upper extremity functions and activities of daily living in rehabilitation of geriatric patients with chronic stroke.MethodsGeriatric participants who had a stroke at least six months prior were randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving both conventional physiotherapy and robot-assisted therapy (ReoGo end-effector robotic system) or a control group with conventional physiotherapy only. Intervention group participated in 60-min ReoGo sessions along with daily physiotherapy over four weeks. Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment Scale and Functional Independence Measure evaluated motor functions and daily living independence, respectively. Pre- and post-treatment results were statistically analyzed within and between groups.ResultsAmong the 30 participants, those in intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in upper extremity functions and daily living independence compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < .05). While control group exhibited minor improvements, these changes were not statistically significant, underscoring the greater efficacy of combined approach.DiscussionRobot-assisted therapy significantly enhances motor recovery, likely due to its support for neuroplasticity through repetitive, controlled movements. This aligns with existing research, emphasizing benefits of robot-assisted therapy for motor learning and functional gains. ReoGo device also positively affected motivation and engagement, highlighting its potential role in long-term stroke rehabilitation. Overall, robot-assisted therapy may be a promising approach to improve motor recovery and independence in post-stroke patients, enhancing both quality of life and functional independence in daily activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251347790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between 7-To-10-year-old Children's Leisure-time Physical Activities and Their Motor Behavior in a Virtual Playground Environment.","authors":"Lise Storli, Håvard Lorås","doi":"10.1177/00315125251347987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251347987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Previous studies have shown mixed results for the relationship between physical activity experiences and gross motor development. <b>Purpose:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between children's level of engagement in selected leisure-time physical activities (active transport, sports, and play) and their emergent gross motor behavior measured in a virtual-reality playground environment. <b>Study Sample:</b> To this end, 247 children aged 7-10 years old (girls: <i>n</i> = 127; boys: <i>n</i> = 120) participated. <b>Reserach Design & Data Collection:</b> Children were provided with a three-minute playground scenario in virtual reality, developed for free exploration, play, and with the possibility to move around without specific instructions. An inertial motion capture system was used to assess motor behavior in the playground, and the children's levels of engagement in weekly leisure-time physical activities were obtained through a parental questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> Correlation and principal component analysis were used to investigate the joint movement variability in the upper and lower body, while t-tests were applied to examine the potential differences in playground motor behavior and engagement in leisure-time physical activities. In statistical comparisons of children with high or low weekly activity rates, children with the highest levels of weekly engagement in play and active transport were found to have significantly higher upper-body movement variability. However, no other significant differences were found between high and low levels of leisure-time physical activity in terms of emergent motor behavior in the virtual reality playground. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings emphasize the value of considering multiple dimensions of children's leisure-time physical activities when studying its relation to the development of motor control and coordination in middle childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251347987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physical and Psychological Effects of Kinesiotaping in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain.","authors":"Özgür Nadiye Karaman, Emine Aslan Telci, Fatih Özden, Hüseyin Aydoğmuş","doi":"10.1177/00315125251347481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251347481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As no other investigators have holistically addressed kinesiotaping (KT) effects on physical and psychological measures in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Our aim in the present study was to investigate the effects of KT application on pain, flexibility, function, back awareness, fear-avoidance, anxiety, and depression in patients with CLBP. We conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial with 52 patients with CLBP who were randomized to either or an electrotherapy (ET) group (<i>n</i> = 26) or a KT + ET group (<i>n</i> = 26). The ET group received only conventional electrophysical interventions for two weeks, while the KT + ET group received kinesiotaping plus the electro-physical interventions. At baseline, after the second week (post-treatment), and at an eighth-week follow-up, participants were given the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for self-reported pain, the Fremantle Low Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ), the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTST), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Modified Schober Test (mST), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). The KT + ET group showed greater improvement than the ET group on the VAS, TUG, FTST, FreBAQ, and FABQ and was significantly improved at both the second and eighth weeks (<i>p</i> < .05). The subjective function (RMDQ) score of the KT group was better at the eighth week (<i>p</i> < .05). There was no significant difference between the groups on the mST, HADS-D, and HADS-A (<i>p</i> > .05). However, both the KT + ET and ET groups showed significant improvement on the HADS-D and HAD-S-A (<i>p</i> < .05). These results show that the KT application provided additional benefits relative to ET alone in participants' perceived pain, and their objective and subjective functioning, low back awareness, and fear avoidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251347481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Search, Pupillary Response, and Scoring Differences Between Expert and Novice Judges in Artistic Swimming: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Katia R Ponciano, Maysa P G Leopoldo, Dalton Lustosa Oliveira, Cassio M Meira","doi":"10.1177/00315125251346884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251346884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artistic swimming (AS) choreographies are evaluated by judges who assign scores based on pre-established criteria. Since perception and cognition are key mechanisms involved in scoring AS performances, visual search patterns and pupillary responses may vary according to judges' levels of expertise. This exploratory study aimed to compare visual search behavior, pupil diameter variability, and scoring between expert and novice AS judges during the evaluation of the Straight Ballet Leg and Rio figures. Six expert and seven novice judges wore an eye-tracker while evaluating 2D video projections of these figures. The results indicated that expert judges exhibited shorter fixations away from the athlete's body, made more fixations on the athlete's upper limbs, and fewer fixations on the lower limbs and areas outside the athlete's body. They also showed greater variability in pupil diameter and assigned higher scores compared to novice judges. Regardless of expertise, judges directed more fixations toward the upper limbs when evaluating the Rio figure and more toward the lower limbs when evaluating the Straight Ballet Leg figure. These findings suggest that expert AS judges display distinct patterns of visual attention - focusing on relevant areas (e.g., upper limbs) while disregarding irrelevant ones (e.g., areas outside the body) - along with greater cognitive load and superior scoring performance, indicative of highly automated cognitive processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251346884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}