Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Throwing Yips in Youth Baseball Players: Prevalence, Symptoms, Players' Psychological Characteristics, and Triggers.","authors":"Yuki Maruo, Kenta Shimizu, Toshiaki Miyamoto","doi":"10.1177/00315125241299847","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241299847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symptoms of \"the yips\" manifest in various sports and often cause athletes to retire prematurely from competition. While there have been case studies on yips-affected baseballers (YBBs), there has been no comprehensive demographic profile of YBBs, and contributing factors are only partially understood. We aimed to describe youth YBBs' demographic characteristics and explore contributing factors to yips symptoms. We analyzed a self-report questionnaire administered to 285 youth baseballers to investigate yips symptoms and identify both players' psychological characteristics and trigger factors for yips. We defined YBBs as players who exhibited symptoms of involuntary muscle contractions, characterized by jerks, tremors, or freezing during planned movements that resulted in unpredictability when throwing a baseball. Individuals without these symptoms were categorized as non-yips-affected baseballers (NBBs). In our total sample, there was a YBB prevalence of 10.2% with a significantly higher occurrence among pitchers than among players in other positions (<i>p</i> < .05). Additionally, YBBs showed a significantly higher incidence of self-reported anxiety during throwing compared to NBBs (<i>p</i> < .001), and a significantly greater proportion of YBBs than NBBs struggled particularly with gentle or light motion throws (<i>p</i> < .001), especially at short distances (75.0% of the YBBs). Furthermore, 62.1% of YBBs faced difficulties in appropriately releasing the ball. Thus, we found approximately one in 10 youth baseballers experienced yips symptoms that were influenced by throwing distance and high-pressure situations. Our descriptive study advances an understanding of yips-related performance problems in youth baseballers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"353-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the L Test in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Furkan Bilek, Caner F Demir","doi":"10.1177/00315125241298728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241298728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The L Test has been developed to assess balance and gait disorders. Our aim in this study was to estimate the test-retest reliability and validity of the L Test when used with 82 persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). For these participants, we examined the degree of agreement between the results of a first and second administration of the L Test (separated by one day), using Bland-Altman analysis and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). We computed minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) values for the L Test and evaluated concurrent validity by correlating L Test results with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the 10-minute Walk Test (10MWT). Prior to administering these measurements, we randomized the sequence of the test administrations to our participants. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that L Test was reproducible, with upper and lower limits of agreement of 0.99 and -1.45 seconds, respectively. The L Test demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, with an ICC value of 0.996 (95% CI: 0.994-0.998). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.996. The performance of the L Test is measured by seconds required to complete the task, and we found the L Test SEM value to be 0.35 seconds, and its MDC value to be 0.97 seconds. The L Test showed a strong correlation with both the TUG test (rho = 0.936; <i>p</i> < .001) and the 10MWT (rho = 0.925; <i>p</i> < .001). We concluded that the L Test is a reliable and valid tool for assessing functional mobility and balance in PwMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"262-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Road to the Hoop: Relative Age Effects and Game-Related Performance in Youth Basketball.","authors":"Mert Bilgiç, Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Alkan Uğurlu, Ali Işın","doi":"10.1177/00315125241310270","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241310270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative Age Effects (RAEs) have been widely reported trends in basketball participation, but research on the relationship between RAEs and competitive performance has been contradictory. We aimed to determine the magnitude of RAEs in elite youth basketball players and to analyze RAEs on key performance indicators (KPIs). We recorded and analyzed the incidence of early birthdates and the KPIs of 2487 youth basketball players (aged 16-19 years). We evaluated RAEs by means of the incidence of early birthdates using (i) Chi-square (χ²) goodness-of-fit tests to compare player differences in birthdate quartiles and (ii) Poisson regression analysis to evaluate birthdates as a continuous variable. We conducted Kruskal-Wallis tests separately for each age group to assess possible relationships between birthdate quartile differences and KPIs. We observed consistent moderate RAEs across all ages. The Poisson regression analysis showed that athletes born near the beginning of the year were 4.6-8.4 times more likely to have been included on the squad than athletes born towards the end of the year. We observed no significant differences between KPIs for differently aged athletes. However, 16-year-old athletes with first quartile birthdates showed higher KPIs than those with fourth quartile birthdates of the same calendar year. The potential bases for RAEs are complex and include the characteristic demands of sports competition at various competition levels and athletes' ages, individual factors and social factors. We discuss these and other potential bases. Basketball coaches and managers should keep RAEs in mind when selecting youth players to avoid a selection bias towards players born at the beginning of the year which may close out training opportunities and cause drop outs for talented but slightly younger players.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"278-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Hungarian Passion Scale-8 (PS-8-HU) in Physically Active and Inactive Adults.","authors":"Pálma Árok, Kata Morvay-Sey, Aleksandar Vujić, Attila Szabo","doi":"10.1177/00315125241296611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241296611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 8-item Passion Scale (PS-8) is a unidimensional instrument used in dual versus single passion research. The PS-8 was validated in Icelandic, Persian, and Turkish student samples. In this study, we translated the PS-8 and validated it with physically active and inactive adults from Hungary. We also evaluated measurement invariance (across gender, physical activity, exercise frequency, and age groups) of the Hungarian version of the Passion scale (PS-8-HU). Data were collected online between fall 2023 and winter 2024, including a test and retest phase. The sample comprised 729 Hungarian physically active and inactive adults (68% females, 32% males; ages 18-78 years), of whom 196 participated in the retest. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item analysis, correlations, <i>t</i>-test and ANOVA in checking the scale's validity and reliability, and we used a multigroup CFA to test the measurement invariance. The results supperted a univariate structure of the PS-8-HU. The instrument was invariant for gender (at the strict level), exercise frequency (metric), physical activity (metric), and age (scalar). The internal reliability of the PS-8-HU was .93 and test-retest reliability was .77. The PS-8-HU also exhibited good concurrent and construct validities, high homogeneity, and adequate discriminant validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Possible Determinants of Kinesiology Students' Social Physique Anxiety: A Multiple Indicator Multiple Independent Cause Model.","authors":"Jianmin Guan, Ping Xiang, William Land, Alberto Cordova","doi":"10.1177/00315125241301849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241301849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we expanded on previous research by employing a Multiple Indicators, Multiple Independent Causes (MIMIC) model to investigate how gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and perceived stress may have collectively influenced social physique anxiety (SPA) among 593 college kinesiology students. Our MIMIC model revealed that perceived stress, gender, and BMI were significantly related to SPA scores, with perceived stress being the strongest factor. Moreover, the relationship between gender and kinesiology students' SPA scores was consistent across different ages. These findings broaden the spectrum of the current nomological network regarding predictors of SPA. Based on these findings, future researchers should extend the current MIMIC model by including more predictor variables (e.g., depression, mood, & mental toughness) to gain additional and perhaps deeper insights. Additionally, we advocate for the adoption of the MIMIC model of statistical analysis in future SPA research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Notice.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00315125241311636","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241311636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"389-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Distance Between Map Points May Be Related to Forms of Representing the Map's Scale.","authors":"Diego Campos-Juanatey, Mario Lado, Alfredo Campos","doi":"10.1177/00315125241300778","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241300778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The way a map scale is represented plays a key role in comprehending it. In this research, we examined the relationships between the form of representation of the map's scale (numerical scale, linear graphic scale and circular graphic scale), the user's gender, and the distance between two map objects on user <i>estimates</i> of the distance between two objects on the map (i.e., a 5, 10, 15 and 20-min walk). We gave 183 college students 84 maps of three types: 28 numerical scale, 28 linear graphic scale, and 28 circular graphic scale. Each map presented varied distances to be estimated. We assessed the participants' accurate hits, errors, and their hits minus errors in these distance estimations. Participants had both more hits and more errors on circular scale maps than on linear or numerical scale maps, and the distances between objects and gender also significantly related to the estimated e distance. Both the type of scale and the distance between objects influenced the number of hits minus the number of errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"297-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Era for <i>Perceptual and Motor Skills</i>.","authors":"Oliver R Runswick","doi":"10.1177/00315125241310317","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241310317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"239-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakfast Skipping: Influencing Factors and its Impact on Cognitive Function and Academic Performance among Malaysian University Students.","authors":"Shi-Hui Cheng, Li Qing Rebecca Yew","doi":"10.1177/00315125251329999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251329999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breakfast skipping has been linked to impaired brain function and reduced information processing. While previous studies have focused on its association with academic performance among school children, other important factors, such as cognitive aspects, have received limited attention. Breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal among university students, however, its prevalence and the impact on cognitive performance among university students remain unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of breakfast skipping, factors associated with breakfast skipping, and the association of breakfast skipping with cognitive function and academic performance among Malaysian university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 298 foundation and undergraduate students were recruited via convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used to determine sociodemographic, anthropometry data and breakfast consumption habits. Cognitive function was assessed using the location learning test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Stroop Test. Academic performance was assessed based on the latest examination grades. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of breakfast skipping. The prevalence of breakfast skipping among university students was 67.3%. Factors that were significantly associated with breakfast skipping were faculty, parents' education levels, and living status. Students majoring in Arts and Social Sciences were more likely to skip breakfast (AOR = 2.196, 95% CI = 1.310-3.680, <i>p</i> = .003) while lower odds of breakfast skipping were found among students with parents who had higher education levels (AOR = 0.489, 95% CI = 0.245-0.974, <i>p</i> = .042) and students who lived with their parents at home (AOR = 0.513, 95% CI = 0.305-0.861, <i>p</i> = .012). Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with lower academic performance, poorer memory, lower attention and reaction times in executive function. Breakfast skipping has been identified as an urgent public health issue that demands swift intervention strategies from policy makers and university management to promote healthy breakfast habits among university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251329999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Short-Term Mindfulness Program on Motor Skills and on Psychological and Social Behavior in Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Dorra Jalleli, Sana Jarraya","doi":"10.1177/00315125241270657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241270657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in improving various developmental outcomes in children, including resilience, social behavior, and motor skills. However, the effectiveness of such interventions in preschool-aged children remains underexplored.<b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to assess the effect of a one-week mindfulness-based intervention on resilience, social behavior, and motor skills in four to five-year-old children.<b>Research Design:</b> We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a mindfulness group (MG), a physical activity group (PAG), and a control group (CG).<b>Study Sample:</b> The study sample consisted of 45 children (22 females; 23 males; M age = 4.5, SD = 0.4 years) from the same preschool.<b>Data Collection and/or Analysis:</b> Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a mindfulness group (MG; n = 15) that participated in five 30-min mindfulness sessions; (b) a physical activity group (PAG; n = 15) that engaged in five 45-min physical exercise sessions; and (c) a control group (CG; n = 15) that received no intervention. Training sessions were held on five consecutive days. Assessments were conducted before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (to assess motor skills), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (to evaluate behavior), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (to measure resilience).<b>Results:</b> At baseline (T0), there were no significant differences between the groups. After the intervention (T1), the mindfulness group experienced the strongest positive effects, with significant improvements in motor skills and social behavior, although there was no significant effect on resilience.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that a brief mindfulness training intervention is a promising strategy for improving motor skills and social behavior in early childhood settings, though it did not significantly affect resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241270657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}