Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Static Tactical Diagrams and Imagination: Differential Effects on Novice and Expert Handball Players.","authors":"Hajer Mguidich, Houssem Ben Chikha, Aïmen Khacharem","doi":"10.1177/00315125261462797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261462797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition of tactical knowledge from static diagrams is common in coaching, yet players may struggle to integrate information when it is processed passively. To address this problem, encouraging mental imagery of unfolding tactical sequences while viewing static diagrams may enhance understanding of the depicted tactical structure. The present study examined whether imagination-based learning, compared with traditional study, improves the acquisition of diagram-based tactical knowledge and whether this effect depends on learners' expertise. Thirty-six male participants (experts and novices) learned two offensive handball plays presented as four-phase static court diagrams under two within-subject conditions: study (observe and memorize) and imagination (study and mentally simulate player movements). Reconstruction accuracy and time, perceived difficulty, mental effort, and self-efficacy were assessed immediately after learning. Results showed that novices achieved significantly higher reconstruction scores in the imagination condition than in the study condition. Novices also perceived the task as less difficult in the imagination condition, whereas mental effort and self-efficacy did not differ significantly between conditions. Experts showed no significant differences between conditions on any measure. These findings suggest that when tactical information is presented in a visually stable format, imagination may function as a generative learning strategy that supports the learning and recall of diagram-based tactical representations, particularly among novices, without increasing subjective load.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261462797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proprioceptive Impairment and Joint Position Exposure Time in Relation to Patient-Report Outcome With Chronic Ankle Instability.","authors":"Xiaojian Shi, Charlotte Ganderton, Roger Adams, Jia Han, Doa El-Ansary, Oren Tirosh","doi":"10.1177/00315125261462635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261462635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo investigate ankle proprioceptive sensitivity under different position exposure times (PETs) and performance score relationship with the severity of perceived ankle instability in individuals with CAI.DesignTest-retest reliability, cross-sectional comparative study.SettingsUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsForty-eight individuals (24 CAI, 24 non-CAI).Outcome measureSmartphone Proprioception for Ankle Navigation (SPAN) was used to assess active ankle movement proprioceptive performance under two PET conditions (0.25 s and 1 s). The symptomatic (CAI-SS) and asymptomatic side (CAS-AS) were tested and retested for reliability for CAI group, whilst randomly selected side of non-CAI group was tested once for between-group comparisons. Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) was self-administered to quantify perceived severity of ankle instability.ResultsLonger PET (1.0 s) improved proprioceptive sensitivity in non-CAI and CAI-AS groups but not in CAI-SS. Ankle proprioceptive performance at 1.0 s PET was significantly correlated with CAIT scores. SPAN test-retest reliability was influenced by PET, with similar ICCs for CAI-SS at both PETs but notable differences for CAI-AS.ConclusionThis study highlights the temporal aspect of proprioceptive impairments associated with CAI as measured with SPAN. Individuals with CAI struggled to utilize prolonged exposure time to enhance proprioceptive sensitivity, and this limitation was significantly associated with the severity of perceived ankle instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261462635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Active Young Adults: A Randomized Trial Using Online Measures.","authors":"Simran Obhrai, Anilendu Pramanik, Sohom Saha, Shweta Shenoy, Nishchay Sadhoo, S Srinivas","doi":"10.1177/00315125261461628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261461628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While acute exercise enhances cognitive performance, comparative effects of different maximal-effort exercise modalities remain unclear. This randomised crossover trial examined the differential cognitive impacts of graded maximal aerobic versus supramaximal exercise in active young adults. Forty-two participants (mean age = 24 ± 2 years) completed a progressive treadmill test to volitional exhaustion and a 30-s Wingate test, separated by ≥ 24-h washout. Cognition was assessed immediately before and 5 minutes post-exercise using computerized reaction time and Stroop tasks. Significant Time × Condition interactions revealed superior improvements following supramaximal exercise for simple reaction time (F (1,41) = 5.04, <i>p</i> = .030, ηp² = 0.11) and incongruent Stroop performance (F (1,41) = 5.75, <i>p</i> = .021, ηp² = 0.12). Supramaximal exercise produced 12.4 % improvement in reaction time versus 7.2 % for graded aerobic, and 12.8 % improvement in incongruent Stroop versus 7.6 % for graded aerobic. Congruent trials and interference scores showed no significant differences. These findings challenge the assumed superiority of aerobic exercise and demonstrate that brief supramaximal exercise elicits greater acute cognitive benefits than prolonged graded maximal exercise in physically active young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261461628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Exploration Does Not Mean Creation: Rethinking the Link Between Movement Variability and Motor Creativity in Soccer.","authors":"Paulo Henrique Borges, Lucas Shoiti Carvalho Ueda, Gustavo Muniz Dos Santos, Vanessa Menezes Menegassi, Julio Cesar da Silva Bispo, Rafael Rodrigues, Maria Eduarda Valente Binda, Cristiano Zarbato Morais","doi":"10.1177/00315125261461677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261461677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study investigated whether exploratory behavior affords the emergence of creative actions in small-sided games (SSGs) among youth soccer players. <b>Study Sample:</b> Forty-eight male outfield players Under 14, Under-15, and Under-16 from Brazilian club participated in GK4 vs. 4 GK protocol. <b>Data Collection:</b> Exploratory behavior was quantified using Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived metrics, including stretch index, spatial exploration index, and players' major range area. Creativity was evaluated through notational analysis, categorizing players' actions as fluency, versatility, originality, and attempts according to the Creative Behavior Assessment in Team Sports (CBATS) protocol. <b>Data Analysis:</b> Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted to select the variables that represented the variance of exploratory behavior dimensions. Additionally, players were clustered into high and low exploratory behavior groups using Cluster Analysis. Afterwards, the effects of exploratory behavior and game position on creative measures were obtained through Generalized Linear Models (<i>p</i> < .05). <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that exploratory behavior did not significantly increase creative actions across game positions (<i>p</i> > .05). However, a significant interaction (<i>p</i> = .04; η² = 0.13) showed that defenders with higher exploratory behavior performed more unsuccessful non-standardized attempts (mean = 5.2 ± 1.1 vs. 3.4 ± 0.9). No significant effects were found for fluency (mean = 8.1 ± 2.3 actions), versatility (mean = 4.7 ± 1.6 actions), or originality (mean = 2.2 ± 0.9 actions), with all comparisons yielding non-significant results (<i>p</i> > .05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Findings suggest that while exploratory behavior does not universally enhance creative performance in SSGs, encouraging higher exploratory behavior in defenders may increase their engagement in offensive actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261461677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Somatosensory System and Growth and Maturation in Pathway Triathletes; a Pilot Study.","authors":"Alison S Fitch, Jocelyn Mara, Gordon Waddington","doi":"10.1177/00315125261459743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261459743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionGrowth and maturation during adolescence can affect the somatosensory system, potentially impacting coordination and proprioception. Optimal proprioception is important for performance and preventing lower limb injury. This study investigates the relationship between the somatosensory function, biological maturation and growth tempo in youth pathway triathletes to enable coaches and healthcare professionals to optimise training programs for long term injury prevention and enhance subsequent performance through key stages of development.MethodsFifty three pathway triathletes (aged 12-18 years) were assessed over two separate time points during the triathlon season. At each time point data was collected on growth (height and mass) and maturation (bone age and maturity offset), and somatosensory function using the Active movement extent discrimination assessment (AMEDA) assessment.ResultsAMEDA scores improved with increasing maturity offset in both males and females. Females had reduced symmetry in earlier adolescence and a decline in somatosensory function mid-adolescence compared to male triathletes. There was a weak negative association observed between faster growth tempo and lower somatosensory performance.ConclusionThis study supports the need for youth triathletes training programs to account for athletes sex, stage and tempo of biological maturation. Incorporating lower limb focused proprioception training starting pre PHV may support injury prevention and enhance long term performance outcomes as triathletes progress through the athletic pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261459743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Neck Pain Characteristics With Limits of Stability and Functional Mobility in Adults With Chronic Neck Pain: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Muge Kirmizi, Gulsah Callioglu Izgi, Sevtap Gunay Ucurum","doi":"10.1177/00315125261460980","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125261460980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to compare limits of stability (LoS) scores and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) times between adults aged between 18-65 years with and without chronic neck pain (CNP) and to determine the associations of pain characteristics with these measures. Forty-five adults with CNP and forty-five asymptomatic controls were included. LoS scores were obtained for eight directions, with each target positioned at 45° intervals, using a stabilometric platform. TUG was performed at a self-selected comfortable speed under two conditions: without a concurrent task and while counting backwards by threes. Groups were compared using the analysis of covariance. Correlations between variables were determined and multiple linear regression was performed to determine whether pain characteristics predict the composite LoS score and TUG time. In the results, adults with CNP exhibited lower LoS scores in all directions except forward and backward and longer TUG times under both conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In both groups, higher LoS scores were correlated with shorter TUG times while counting (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but not with TUG times without a concurrent task (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After adjusting for demographics, pain intensity during neck movements and neck disability explained an additional 29.2% of the variance in the composite LoS score and an additional 15.7% of the variance in TUG time while counting backwards (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Neck disability uniquely predicted both the composite LoS score (β = -0.413) and TUG time while counting (β = 0.391), after adjusting for demographics and pain intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LoS and TUG may be relevant parameters to consider in individuals with CNP, particularly given their association with neck disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261460980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is There a Left-Hander's Advantage in Elite Women's Épée? Insights From Match Performance Analysis of the 2017-2019 World Championships.","authors":"Yin-Hua Chen, Jo-Ting Hsu","doi":"10.1177/00315125261460994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261460994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both innate superiority and negative frequency-dependent advantage (NFDA) hypotheses have been proposed to explain the left-hander advantage in interactive sports such as fencing. However, empirical evidence on the specific technical and tactical patterns potentially underlying this advantage remains limited. Therefore, this study analyzed match performance of elite female épéeists at the 2017-2019 World Championships using notational analysis. We examined the prevalence and winning rates of left- and right-handed fencers across tournament stages, as well as the distributions of performed and scored actions in terms of technique, target area, and piste zone. Results revealed that left-handers were consistently overrepresented relative to population prevalence, and their winning rates increased up to the semifinals (80%) but matched right-handers in the finals (50%). Technique use was highly consistent across all handedness matchups, with attacks being the most frequent action. While the inner upper body remained the primary target overall, asymmetrical matchups (left-vs.-right and right-vs.-left) were associated with a shift toward the outer upper body and lower body; this pattern was attenuated in left-handers facing left-handers. Crucially, left-handers consistently demonstrated a more invasive spatial strategy across all matchups, showing a greater tendency to operate and score in the opponent's middle zone. Taken together, the left-hander's advantage in elite female épée appears to be underpinned by an interplay between context-dependent target adaptation, aligning with the NFDA account, and a generalized proactive spatial exploitation, as proposed by the innate superiority account.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261460994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Immersive VR-Based Language Learning and EFL Learners' Perceptual, Motor, and Cognitive Skills.","authors":"Yan Wu, Lei Pan, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1177/00315125261459730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261459730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of immersive virtual reality (VR) in English as a foreign language (EFL) education has generated growing interest in its potential to support learner engagement and skill development. However, empirical evidence explaining how engagement in VR-based learning relates to perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills remains limited. This study investigated the structural relationships among VR engagement, perceptual skills, motor skills, and cognitive skills in an EFL context. Data were collected from EFL learners who participated in VR-based English learning tasks and were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS (v27) and AMOS (v24). The measurement model demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for all constructs. The structural model revealed that VR engagement was a significant predictor of perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills, with the strongest effect observed for cognitive skills. These findings indicate that learner engagement plays a central role in shaping how VR-based activities are experienced and perceived in language learning contexts. The study contributes to immersive language learning research by offering a process-oriented account of VR use that emphasizes engagement as a key mechanism rather than treating technology as an isolated factor. Pedagogical implications highlight the importance of designing VR language tasks that foster active participation and sustained involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261459730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Measures of Autonomic Nervous System Function Correlate With Sensorimotor Performance?","authors":"Michaela McGrath, Bernie Bissett, Angie Fearon, Jeremy Witchalls, Gordon Waddington","doi":"10.1177/00315125261459736","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125261459736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seamless integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory (VVS) systems is key to human movement control. Emerging evidence suggests autonomic nervous system (ANS) function may influence this integration, yet no studies have examined the relationship between ANS activity, indexed by the pupil light reflex, and VVS function. 90 healthy adults (aged 20 - 88 years old) were recruited for this prospective cohort study. ANS function was quantified using pupil light reflex, where response delay, maximum pupil constriction and dilation velocities were recorded. VVS system function was quantified via visual-vestibular testing, including smooth pursuit and voluntary saccades, while somatosensory function was quantified using an Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment protocol. Multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted in RStudio with significance set at <i>p</i> < .05. Follow-up univariate analysis of variance was conducted. VVS performance under differing autonomic profiles - Coactivation, Co-inhibition, Parasympathetic-Dominant and Sympathetic-Dominant - was assessed using one-way analysis of variance. Pupil response delay, maximum pupil constriction and age all significantly predicted combined VVS function (<i>p</i> = .01, <i>p</i>=<.01, <i>p</i>=<.01, respectively), with follow-up univariate analyses demonstrating small-to-moderate effects across individual VVS outcomes (ηp²=0.05 to 0.25). ANS profile of Co-inhibition was significantly correlated with worse VVS performance. This research highlights not just the need to consider ANS function in human movement control but also the ANS profile of the individual at rest. The identification of ANS Co-inhibition as a maladaptive profile in the context of VVS integration challenges existing frameworks that treat VVS and ANS as independent contributors to human movement control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261459736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Advantages of Adopting an Internal Focus of Attention in Visuomotor Adaptation.","authors":"Darrin O Wijeyaratnam, Erin K Cressman","doi":"10.1177/00315125261459499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261459499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An external focus of attention is widely reported to benefit motor skill acquisition. In the current experiment we asked whether an external focus of attention benefits visuomotor adaptation, a motor learning task in which external (i.e., seen hand position) and internal (i.e., felt hand position) sensory cues conflict. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: external focus (<i>n</i> = 33), internal focus (<i>n</i> = 31), or control (<i>n</i> = 33). The external focus group was instructed to attend to the cursor movement, the internal focus group to their hand movement, and the control group received no attentional focus instructions. All participants trained to reach with cursor feedback that was rotated 40° clockwise relative to their hand motion (rotated cursor reach training). Attentional focus instructions were provided at the start of reach training and after every 40 rotated training trials. After reaching with rotated cursor feedback, explicit (conscious strategy) and implicit (unconscious) adaptation were assessed using the process dissociation procedure. Interestingly, the internal focus group adapted their reaches to a greater extent than the external focus group. Post-training assessments revealed no significant differences in explicit or implicit adaptation between all 3 groups. Together, these results suggest that focussing one's attention internally benefits visuomotor adaptation, potentially due to enhanced processing of hand proprioceptive information during training.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261459499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}