Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Errorless Training Benefits Motor Learning and Kinematic Outcomes in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Saeed Arsham, Rahil Razeghi, Ahmadreza Movahedi","doi":"10.1177/00315125241238308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241238308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have some form of motor deficits. Additionally, based on executive dysfunction, working memory is often atypical in these children. Errorless learning reduces demands on working memory. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of errorless training on these children's ability to learn golf putting. Participants (<i>N</i> = 20), aged 9-13 years (<i>M</i> ₌ 10.15, <i>SD</i> ₌ 1.4), were randomly assigned to either: (a) an errorless (ER) training group (<i>n</i> = 10) or (b) an explicit instruction (EI) group (<i>n</i> = 10). The ER group practiced putting from different distances without any instruction, while the EI group practiced putting at a particular distance with instruction. We measured motor performance (e.g., putting accuracy) and kinematic variables (e.g., putter face angle). One-way analyses of variance showed that motor performance significantly improved in both groups, but that the ER group showed significantly better accuracy retention (<i>p</i> < .028) and transfer learning (<i>p</i> < .047) than the instructional group. Kinematic variables were also significantly different between the two groups on the transfer test. These findings supported the benefits of errorless training compared to explicit instruction to teach motor skills to children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Usefulness of Repetitions-In-Reserve Scales for Selecting Exercise Intensity: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Vasco Bastos, Sérgio Machado, Diogo S Teixeira","doi":"10.1177/00315125241241785","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241241785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensity of resistance training (RT) exercise is an important consideration for determining relevant health and performance-related outcomes. Yet, current objective exercise intensity measures present concerns in terms of viability or cost. In response to these concerns, repetition-in-reserve (RIR) scales may represent an adequate method of measuring and regulating intensity. However, no recent review has focused on how RIR scales have been used for this purpose in prior research. We prepared the present scoping review to analyze the feasibility and usefulness of RIR scales in selecting RT intensity. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (last search date April 2023) for experimental and non-experimental studies that utilized an RIR scale to measure proximity to failure in RT activities with apparently healthy individuals of any age. We qualitatively analyzed 31 studies (N = 855 mostly male adult participants) published between 2012-2023. RIR scales appeared to be contextually feasible and useful in prescribing and adjusting RT intensity. The most common trend in this research was to prescribe a target RIR and adjust the exercise load for a desired proximity to muscle failure. Additionally, when measuring proximity to failure as an outcome of interest, the literature suggests that the RIR prediction should be made close to task failure to increase its accuracy. Future research should further explore the impact of sex, RT experience, exercise selection, and muscle conditioning on the overall RIR approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Ten-week Sensorimotor Exercise Program on the Side-to-Side LAM Asymmetry of Adolescent Football Players: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Damian Sikora, Paweł Linek","doi":"10.1177/00315125241238317","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241238317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study we, evaluated the effects of a 10-week sensorimotor exercise program on the thickness and side-to-side asymmetry of the lateral abdominal muscles in adolescent soccer players. From among 120 initially recruited participants, we included 90 athletes (aged 10-17 years old) in our final analysis. Healthy athletes who met our inclusion criteria were randomly divided into comparative experimental and control groups. Sensorimotor exercises were conducted twice weekly for 10-weeks in the experimental group, and the control group received no intervention. We took ultrasound measurements when participants were in supine and standing rest positions. In the supine position, the experimental group (a) reduced the asymmetry of the internal oblique (IO) muscle by 0.4 mm (MD: 0.7; 95% CI 0.6-1.1); (b) increased the thickness of the external oblique (EO) muscle on the right by 0.7 mm (MD: 0.2; 95% CI 0.1-0.6) and on the left by 0.9 mm (MD: 0.2, 95% CI 0.2-0.7); and (c) increased the muscle on the IO right by 0.8 mm (MD: 0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and on the, left by 1.2 mm (MD: 0.4 95% CI 0.3-1.1). In a standing position the experimental group increased the thickness of the EO on the right by 1.5 mm (MD: 0.6; 95% CI 0.03-1.2) and on the left by 2.1 mm (MD: 0.6; 95% CI 0.1-1.3) and increased the IO on the right by 1.2 mm (MD: 0.7; 95% CI 0.2-1.7) and on the left by 1.1 mm (MD: 0.9; 95%CI 0.1-2.0). Thus, this 10-week program of additional sensorimotor exercises reduced the (side-to-side) asymmetry of the internal oblique muscle and increased the thickness of the EO and IO muscles in young football players.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Off-The-Wall Smash Shots in Men's and Women's Professional Padel.","authors":"Iván Martín-Miguel, Diego Muñoz, Adrián Escudero-Tena, Bernardino J Sánchez-Alcaraz","doi":"10.1177/00315125241236123","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241236123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>our aim was to analyze the characteristics of the off-the-wall smash in men´s and women´s padel, and to compare gender differences in the set-dependent frequency of these shots.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>through systematic observation, we analyzed 441 off-the-wall smashes from the Final Master of the 2022 season of the World Padel Tour.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>showed that the women performed twice as many off-the-wall smashes as the men. This shot was executed most frequently (90%) from the center and right side of the court and from the dominant side, usually providing volley continuity (73%) and sometimes resulting in point winners (21.5%). Furthermore, there were gender differences, depending on the defense zone from which the wall smashes were defended (<i>p</i> = .014) and on the final match result (<i>p</i> = .018). In men's padel, the losing pair performed more off-the-wall smashes, while in women's padel, the winning pair performed more of these smashes. Finally, between both genders, most off-the-wall smashes occurred in the first set and decreased in number in the third set, with the second set containing the fewest off-the wall smashes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze Behavior and Cognitive Performance on Tasks of Multiple Object Tracking and Multiple Identity Tracking by Handball Players and Non-Athletes.","authors":"Piotr Styrkowiec, Stanisław H Czyż, Jukka Hyönä, Jie Li, Lauri Oksama, Maciej Raś","doi":"10.1177/00315125241235529","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241235529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple object tracking (MOT) and multiple identity tracking (MIT) each measure the ability to track moving objects visually. While prior investigators have mainly compared athletes and non-athletes on MOT, MIT more closely resembles dynamic real-life environments. Here we compared the performance and gaze behavior of handball players with non-athletes on both MOT and MIT. Since previous researchers have shown that MOT and MIT engage different eye movement strategies, we had participants track 3-5 targets among 10 moving objects. In MOT, the objects were identical, while in MIT they differed in shape and color. Although we observed no group differences for tracking accuracy, the eye movements of athletes were more target-oriented than those of non-athletes. We concluded that tasks and stimuli intended by researchers to demonstrate that athletes' show better object tracking than non-athletes should be specific to the athletes' type of sport and should use more perception-action coupled measures. An implication of this conclusion is that the differences in object tracking skills between athletes and non-athletes is highly specific to the skills demanded by the athletes' sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Combined Virtual Reality Exercises and Robot Assisted Gait Training on Cognitive Functions, Daily Living Activities, and Quality of Life in High Functioning Individuals With Subacute Stroke.","authors":"Murat Akinci, Mustafa Burak, Fatma Zehra Kasal, Ezgi Aydın Özaslan, Meral Huri, Zeynep Aydan Kurtaran","doi":"10.1177/00315125241235420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241235420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a global health concern causing significant mortality. Survivors face physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges, affecting their life satisfaction and social participation. Robot-assisted gait training with virtual reality, like Lokomat, is a promising rehabilitation tool. We investigated its impact on cognitive status, activities of daily living, and quality of life in individuals with stroke. Between September 2022 and August 2023, we exposed 34 first stroke patients (8 women, 26 men; <i>M</i> age = 59.15<i>, SD</i> = 11.09; <i>M</i> height = 170.47, <i>SD</i> = 8.13 cm; <i>M</i> weight = 75.97; <i>SD</i> = 10.87 kg; <i>M</i> days since stroke = 70.44, <i>SD</i> = 33.65) in the subacute stage (3-6 months post-stroke) to Lokomat exercise. Participant exclusion criteria were Lokamat exercise inability, disabilities incompatible with intended measurements, and any cognitive limitations. The Control Group (CG) received conventional physiotherapy, while the Lokomat Group (LG) received both conventional physiotherapy and robot-assisted gait training with virtual reality, administered by an occupational therapist. Evaluations were conducted by a physiotherapist who was unaware of the participants' group assignments and included assessments with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Lawton Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QoL). Both groups demonstrated an improved quality of life, but the LG outperformed the CG with regard to SS-QoL <i>(p</i> = .01) on measures of Energy (<i>p</i> = .002) and Mobility (<i>p</i> = .005). Both groups showed improvements in cognitive functioning (<i>p</i> < .001) with no between-group difference, and in activities of daily living (<i>p</i> < .05) for which the LG was superior to the CG (<i>p</i> = .023). Thus, adding robot-assisted gait training with Lokomat and virtual reality improved self-reported quality of life and daily activities at levels beyond conventional physiotherapy for patients in the subacute stroke phase. An incremental impact on cognitive functions was not evident, possibly due to rapid cognitive recovery or this was undetected by limited cognitive testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telic-Paratelic Dominance and Heart Rate Variability in Athletes Engaged in Power and Endurance Training.","authors":"Afek Chihaoui Mamlouk, Ibrahim Ouergui, Fatma Ben Waer, Fayçal Zarrouk, Nabil Gmada, Mohamed Younes, Ezdine Bouhlel","doi":"10.1177/00315125241237045","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241237045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The current study aimed to evaluate the telic-paratelic tendency and heart rate variability in athlete participants from different sports activities.<b>Methods:</b> We assigned 117 healthy participants (<i>M</i> age = 20, <i>SD</i> = 3 years) into three groups according to their training activity: power-trained (PT; n=43), endurance-trained (ET; n=36), and healthy untrained individuals (n=38). We assessed their telic-paratelic tendencies with the validated Telic Dominance Scale and their autonomic nervous system activity with heart rate variability (HRV) analyses.<b>Results:</b> Our findings revealed no significant differences in the telic-paratelic tendencies between ET and PT groups. However, significant differences were observed between athletes and untrained individuals (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Indeed, compared to untrained participants, ET and PT athletes had a greater telic tendency (both <i>p</i> = 0.001), were more focused on planning orientation (ET: <i>p</i> = 0.003; PT: <i>p</i>=0.001), and less often avoided arousal or activation (For ET 31% and for PT 26% of participants). The paratelic tendency was more important in untrained individuals, with most of these participants lacking in seriousmindedness and planning. In addition, we found higher HRV in paratelic ET athletes (SDNN <i>p</i> = 0.050, LF <i>p</i> = 0.022, and LF/HF <i>p</i> = 0.031) compared to their telic peers.<b>Conclusion:</b> our results suggest that sport activity did not influence the telic-paratelic tendency. Nevertheless, this tendency differentiates trained from untrained participants. HRV was higher among paratelic ET athletes, potentially reflecting less stress and more training adaptability in these athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Risk Judgment and Risk Taking in Mountain Hiking: An Information Integration Approach.","authors":"Eric Fruchart, Patricia Rulence-Pâques","doi":"10.1177/00315125241239119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241239119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk analysis is essential for promoting hiking-based tourism. Our objective in the present study was to map 395 mountain hikers' positions on risk judgment and risk taking, according to how they integrated three antecedent factors of confidence (environment, team, and self). For integrating information, people can develop an additive rule whereby they apply the same weight to all information or use interaction rules (i.e., conjunctive or disjunctive), to give different weights to information. In the questionnaire our participants completed, there were eight scenarios that combined the three confidence antecedent factors as information cues. We applied cluster analysis, repeated-measures analyses of variance, chi-square tests, and bivariate correlation analyses to the questionnaire results to identify three participant risk positions. In the first risk position (cluster 1), participants used a disjunctive integration rule for both risk judgment and risk taking. In the second risk position (Clusters 2 and 4), they used an additive integration rule for risk judgment while they used a disjunctive integration rule for risk taking. In the third risk position (cluster 3), they used an additive integration rule for both risk judgment and risk taking. In each risk position, confidence in the three antecedent factors (environment, team, and self) negatively affected risk judgment and positively affected risk taking. We found the compositions of the clusters to be related to the participants' sex, and we discuss various advantages of applying information integration for mountain hiking practitioners and promoters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Reserve and Frontotemporal Disorders: Exploring the Relationship Between Education, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults.","authors":"Josue G Amian, Cristina Fernandez-Portero, Rocío de la Bella, María José Arenilla-Villalba, Guillermo López-Lluch, David Alarcon","doi":"10.1177/00315125241241358","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241241358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study we investigated the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) proxies, such as education, physical activity (PA), and cognitive dysfunction (CD) in the presence or absence of frontotemporal disorders (FTD). Previous research has suggested that education and PA may delay the onset of CD and reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, it remains unclear whether these CR proxies can protect against CD when FTD is present. We aimed to explore this relationship and determine whether sustained CR may be evident regardless of FTD. We recruited 149 older adults (aged 65-99 years) from community centers where they were voluntarily participating in leisure activities. We used bioelectrical impedance to measure their body composition, and we administered the International PA Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination to measure their PA and cognitive function, respectively. We used the Frontal Assessment Battery to screen for frontotemporal dementia. Our results showed that people with FTD were older, had lower education, and engaged in less PA, relative to other participants. Regression models revealed that age, education, and PA were significant predictors of FTD. More specifically, FTD was negatively associated with cognitive functioning, and there were significant interaction effects between FTD and education and PA. PA and education were significant predictors of cognitive functioning, and, when values for PA and education were high, they offset the effects of FTD on cognitive function. These findings support impressions that PA and years of education provide an insulating or compensatory effect on cognitive functioning in older adults with executive dysfunction or frontotemporal dementia, highlighting the importance of encouraging both pursuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Development of a Novel Proprioceptive Trail-Making Test: Comparing Healthy Dancers and Non-Dancers.","authors":"Madison R Card, Anthony J Ryals","doi":"10.1177/00315125241240891","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241240891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a pressing need for ecologically valid versions of traditional neuropsychological tests indexing executive function (EF), such as the Trail-Making Task (TMT), that incorporate movement and bodily awareness in healthy participants with varying abilities. We designed a proprioceptive version of the TMT (pTMT) that involved coordinated gross motor movement and proprioceptive awareness to investigate whether this measure of visual attention, task switching, and working memory positively correlated with a computerized version of the TMT (the dTMT). We aimed to establish the initial validity of our proprioceptive TMT (pTMT) by comparing performances on the dTMT and pTMT among a cohort of 36 healthy participants (18 dancers, 18 non-dancers; <i>M</i> age = 22, <i>SD</i> = 5.27; 64% female) anticipating that dancers would express higher intrinsic bodily awareness than non-dancers. Results revealed a mild to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between dTMT and pTMT completion times [part A: r (36) = .33, <i>p</i> = .04; part B: r (36) = .37, <i>p</i> = .03] and numbers of errors [part B: r (36) = .41, <i>p</i> = .01] across both participant groups. These data suggest partial measurement convergence between these two TMT versions. Relative to non-dancers, dancers exhibited a higher level of performance (likely due to their better proprioceptive ability) through their faster completion times on dTMT-B [<i>t (</i>34) = 3.81, <i>p</i> = .006, <i>d</i> = 1.27] and pTMT-B [<i>t</i> (34) = 2.97, <i>p</i> = .005, <i>d</i> = .99], and their fewer errors on dTMT-B [<i>t</i> (34) = 2.93, <i>p</i> = .006, <i>d</i> = 1.0]. By identifying cognitive differences between these different groups of healthy individuals, our data contribute to both a theoretical understanding and the initial development of gross motor movement-based cognitive assessments, providing a path toward the further refinement of an ecologically valid full-body TMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140306344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}