Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献_第3页

Immediate Effects of Texting and Music Listening on Balance: A Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Outcomes in Young Adults. 发短信和听音乐对平衡的直接影响：年轻人静态和动态结果的比较分析。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251407929

Hatice Cetin, Berkant Anil Ozcelik, Dilan Yucedag, Baris Cetin

{"title":"Immediate Effects of Texting and Music Listening on Balance: A Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Outcomes in Young Adults.","authors":"Hatice Cetin, Berkant Anil Ozcelik, Dilan Yucedag, Baris Cetin","doi":"10.1177/00315125251407929","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251407929","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of texting and listening to music with headphones, both separately and in combination, on the static and dynamic balance of young adults.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 healthy young adults. The FreeMed-Baropodometric platform was used to assess static balance outcomes, including sway length, sway velocity, and displacement of the center of pressure in the mediolateral (DeltaX) and anteroposterior (DeltaY) directions, and dynamic balance outcomes, including initial contact, loading response, midstance, and terminal stance times. The participants underwent four conditions: standing still without any additional tasks, standing while texting, standing while music listening with headphones, and standing while both texting and listening to music with headphones. Additional measurements included forward head posture analysis, and New York Posture Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsTexting compared to listening to music with headphones or standing significantly affected static balance outcomes, including sway length, velocity, and Delta X and Delta Y, particularly in monopodalic conditions (p < .001). In contrast, listening to music with headphones with or without texting did not significantly impact static or dynamic balance outcomes (p > .05).ConclusionsTexting can adversely affect static balance, whereas listening to music with headphones does not significantly impact static or dynamic balance in young-healthy individuals. These findings suggest that individuals should consider stopping and sitting when texting to maintain balance and safety.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1400-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced Manual Performance in Right-Handed Women With Breast Cancer. 患有乳腺癌的右撇子妇女的体力活动减少。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251404374

Feryel Ferjaoui, Slim Ben Ahmed, Imtinen Belaid, Mohamed Touinsi, Riadh Dahmen

{"title":"Reduced Manual Performance in Right-Handed Women With Breast Cancer.","authors":"Feryel Ferjaoui, Slim Ben Ahmed, Imtinen Belaid, Mohamed Touinsi, Riadh Dahmen","doi":"10.1177/00315125251404374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251404374","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer and its treatments can affect neurological and motor function, potentially impairing manual dexterity. Understanding these effects is critical for planning effective rehabilitation programs. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate The impact of breast cancer on manual dexterity in right-handed women. Research Design : A comparative observational study was conducted, contrasting breast cancer patients with healthy controls using standardized dexterity tasks. Study Sample: The study included 201 right-handed women with breast cancer and 199 age-matched healthy right-handed controls. Data Collection and/or Analysis: Participants completed peg-moving and dot-filling tasks to assess manual dexterity. Performance differences between dominant (right) and non-dominant (left) hands were analyzed, including subgroup analyses based on tumor laterality (left, right, bilateral). Results: Healthy women performed better overall than patients, particularly with their dominant right hand. In the breast cancer group, the typical asymmetry between right and left hand performance was reduced. Patients with left-breast tumors showed greater hand performance differences than those with right or bilateral tumors. These deficits likely result from treatment side effects such as neuropathy and fatigue, as well as disease-related neural changes. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for rehabilitation programs targeting hand coordination and neurological factors to support daily functioning in breast cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1457-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Small-Sided Games on Physical Performance and Decision-Making in Futsal: A Systematic Review. 五人制足球小方比赛对身体表现和决策的影响：一个系统的回顾。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251407930

Erwin Farid Peña-Ardila

{"title":"Effects of Small-Sided Games on Physical Performance and Decision-Making in Futsal: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Erwin Farid Peña-Ardila","doi":"10.1177/00315125251407930","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251407930","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe optimization of training in team sports such as futsal necessitates methodologies that integrate physical, technical, and tactical development. While Small-Sided Games (SSG) are a cornerstone of modern pedagogy, their effects are frequently investigated in isolation. Consequently, a knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay between physical adaptations and improvements in decision-making.ObjectiveTo critically analyze and synthesize the scientific evidence on how manipulating SSG variables concurrently impacts both physical performance and tactical decision-making in futsal players.MethodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were systematically searched up to June 2025 for original studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that examined the effects of SSG variable manipulation on decision-making and/or physical performance.ResultsThis systematic review identified 10 eligible studies, with sample sizes ranging from 8 to 59 participants (total N = 306), that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding decision-making, the narrative synthesis indicated that reducing the number of players (e.g., 2vs2) increases the frequency of individual actions (dribbling, shooting), shifting the tactical focus to 1vs1 problem-solving. In contrast, formats with more players (e.g., 4vs4) foster collective tactical behaviors such as ball possession. In terms of physical performance, these smaller formats were consistently associated with a higher overall physical load. A trade-off between physiological intensity and informational complexity was identified.ConclusionManipulating constraints within SSGs represents a precise and versatile pedagogical strategy. Effective task design requires the deliberate alignment of the tactical problem with the intended physiological stimulus to foster a holistic development of the player. Coaches are thus encouraged to function as 'architects of learning environments' rather than mere prescribers of drills.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1384-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment: A Systematic Review on its Psychometric Properties and Discrimination Power. 加拿大敏捷性和运动技能评估：心理测量特征和辨别力的系统评价。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251392450

Rocío Carballo-Afonso, Carlos Ayán-Pérez, Silvia Varela, Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra, José Carlos Diz-Gómez

{"title":"The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment: A Systematic Review on its Psychometric Properties and Discrimination Power.","authors":"Rocío Carballo-Afonso, Carlos Ayán-Pérez, Silvia Varela, Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra, José Carlos Diz-Gómez","doi":"10.1177/00315125251392450","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251392450","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo systematically review the reliability, validity, and discriminatory capacity of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA).MethodA comprehensive search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify studies providing data on the reliability, validity, or average and dispersion values of the CAMSA test. The quality of the studies reporting CAMSA reliability and validity was assessed using a checklist based on the sample description, time interval, results, and appropriateness of statistics.ResultsOf the initially forty-two studies located, twenty-two full texts were evaluated, with eight studies ultimately selected. Five investigations provided data on CAMSA reliability, and test-retest reliability was evaluated in three studies. Three studies involving 312 participants were pooled to determine the test-retest reliability of CAMSA-skill and CAMSA-time scores. Results indicated poor reliability for the CAMSA-skill score (ICC: 0.662; 95% CI: 0.29-0.86) and good reliability for the CAMSA-time score (ICC: 0.857; 95% CI: 0.76-0.92). Several studies conducted high-quality reliability analyses. Validity findings from five studies suggested moderate concurrent/convergent associations with other motor competence tests (r = 0.38 to 0.77) and some support for face and structural validity, although the overall quality of these studies was low or very low. The review also highlighted CAMSA's lack of discriminatory power.ConclusionCAMSA shows good reliability for some aspects and moderate concurrent/convergent validity. However, concerns remain about its ability to effectively differentiate between demographic groups like age and sex. Further research is needed to fully establish the psychometric properties, especially its discriminatory power.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"1243-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Task-dependent Modulation of Prefrontal Metabolic Activity During Discrete and Continuous Manual Dexterity Tasks: an exploratory observational study. 离散和连续手工灵巧任务中前额叶代谢活动的任务依赖调节：一项探索性观察研究。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261494332

Danilo Santana Gonsalves, Giovanna Vieira Araujo, Gustavo José Luvizutto

{"title":"Task-dependent Modulation of Prefrontal Metabolic Activity During Discrete and Continuous Manual Dexterity Tasks: an exploratory observational study.","authors":"Danilo Santana Gonsalves, Giovanna Vieira Araujo, Gustavo José Luvizutto","doi":"10.1177/00315125261494332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261494332","url":null,"abstract":"Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during manual performance is often associated with motor control efficiency; however, its functional meaning depends on task demands and prior experience. Manual dexterity tasks differ in temporal structure, with discrete tasks involving clearly defined actions and continuous tasks requiring sustained visuomotor control. This study aimed to characterize task-dependent modulation of prefrontal metabolic activity during discrete and continuous manual dexterity tasks and to examine its association with prior experience in manual coordination activities and motor performance. Fourteen healthy right-handed adults performed discrete tasks (Box and Block Test [BBT] and Nine Hole Peg Test [NHPT]) and continuous tasks (sinusoid and spiral drawing) while PFC activity was recorded using hemoencephalography (HEG). Task-related changes in prefrontal activation were calculated as the difference between task execution and resting baseline (ΔHEG) and also measured during the post-task phase to assess maintenance of activity. Friedman tests showed no significant differences in prefrontal optical density across task phases for any task. Despite the absence of phase effects, all tasks exhibited negative median ΔHEG values during execution. Interindividual variability was greater in continuous than in discrete tasks and increased during the post-task phase. ΔHEG during the BBT was negatively associated with prior experience in manual coordination activities (ρ = -.728, p = .003), whereas greater ΔHEG during the sinusoid task was associated with longer NHPT time (ρ = 0.545, p = .044). Overall, prefrontal metabolic activity showed similar patterns across task phases, but task-specific associations with prior experience and motor performance were observed.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261494332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Gamified Physical Activity on Sensory Integration Dysfunction in Primary School Children. 游戏化体育活动对小学生感觉统合功能障碍的影响

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261492431

Zongnan Lyu, Xiaoting Xie, Yan Huang, Yongjin Xu, Cong Huang, Guang Yang

{"title":"Effects of Gamified Physical Activity on Sensory Integration Dysfunction in Primary School Children.","authors":"Zongnan Lyu, Xiaoting Xie, Yan Huang, Yongjin Xu, Cong Huang, Guang Yang","doi":"10.1177/00315125261492431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261492431","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of a gamified physical activity intervention on sensory integration ability and physical fitness in children aged 6-7 years with sensory integration dysfunction. Forty first-grade students from a primary school in China, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group participated in a 12-week gamified exercise program conducted twice per week for 60 min per session, while the control group attended regular physical education classes. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted for both sensory integration and physical fitness. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for vestibular function, tactile defensiveness, and proprioception (all p < .001), but not for learning ability (p = .794). Chi-square analyses indicated a significant improvement in the recovery rate of vestibular function (p < .001), whereas tactile defensiveness, proprioception, and learning ability showed no significant changes (p = .281, p = .178, p = .985, respectively). Additionally, repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant interaction effects for the 50-m sprint, one-minute rope skipping, and one-leg stance with eyes closed (all p < .001), but not for standing long jump or sit-and-reach (p = .070, p = .868). These findings suggest that gamified physical activity interventions can produce significant improvements in both sensory integration ability and physical fitness among first-grade children with sensory integration dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261492431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Conventional Coaching: The Role of Transitional Information in Guiding Athlete Attentional Search for Adaptive Performance. 超越传统教练：过渡信息在指导运动员注意搜索适应性表现中的作用。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261492454

Gérard E Jones, Joseph Antony Stone, Martyn Rothwell, Fabian Werner Otte, Keith Davids

{"title":"Beyond Conventional Coaching: The Role of Transitional Information in Guiding Athlete Attentional Search for Adaptive Performance.","authors":"Gérard E Jones, Joseph Antony Stone, Martyn Rothwell, Fabian Werner Otte, Keith Davids","doi":"10.1177/00315125261492454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261492454","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary coaching, verbal augmented information (feedback and instruction) remains a widely used, but inconsistently applied tool for directing athletes' attentional search to improve their performance. Coaches often overlook how augmented information may be used to guide athletes' search for functional solutions within dynamic performance environments. Feedback is typically delivered either concurrently (during an action) or terminally (after an action), often in the form of error correction aimed at reproducing idealized movement solutions. This position paper draws on an ecological dynamics rationale to help coaches become more effective in their use of verbal augmented information. This paper presents the Transitional Learning Model (TLM) as an applied framework that integrates and extends existing approaches to instruction, feedback, and practice design. Within this model, coaches may use clues, challenges and questions, priming athletes to attune to affordances available in their performance environment. This approach aims to promote athletes to search, discover and exploit functional movement solutions within the performance environment. TLM may be applied concurrently or terminally, with transitional information functioning to guide the athletes' ongoing search activities for their next action in a performance environment. The TLM is proposed as a conceptual framework and requires further empirical investigation through applied and in-situ research designs to examine its effectiveness in supporting athlete learning.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261492454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving Bodies - Learning Minds: Why and How to Use Movement to Support Self-Regulation in Early Childhood. 运动的身体-学习的头脑：为什么和如何使用运动来支持儿童早期的自我调节。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261489167

Elena Savina, Tess Pieragostini

引用次数: 0

Individual Differences in Self-Regulation Do Not Predict Firearm Skill Acquisition During Police Training: A Longitudinal Study of 205 Trainees. 自我调节的个体差异不能预测警察训练期间的枪支技能习得：一项对205名受训人员的纵向研究。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261490981

Giordano Marcio Gatinho Bonuzzi, Athos Asano E Silva, Jake Carvalho do Carmo, Marcelino Monteiro de Andrade, Valdinar de Araújo Rocha Júnior

{"title":"Individual Differences in Self-Regulation Do Not Predict Firearm Skill Acquisition During Police Training: A Longitudinal Study of 205 Trainees.","authors":"Giordano Marcio Gatinho Bonuzzi, Athos Asano E Silva, Jake Carvalho do Carmo, Marcelino Monteiro de Andrade, Valdinar de Araújo Rocha Júnior","doi":"10.1177/00315125261490981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261490981","url":null,"abstract":"Police firearm training requires perceptual discrimination, decision-making, speed-accuracy control, and technical motor execution under institutional evaluation. This retrospective longitudinal study examined whether self-regulation-related psychological characteristics predicted firearm skill acquisition during an official Brazilian Federal Police training program. Two hundred five trainees completed a 13-week firearm course with standardized live-fire assessments using the Four-Color Target Test. Impulsivity, perceived stress, and self-control were assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10/EPS-10), and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS). Adjusted linear regression models tested associations with early shooting performance and final shooting performance, whereas linear mixed-effects models tested whether psychological scores predicted the rate of improvement across repeated assessments. Models adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, hand dominance, and previous firearm-training experience; final-performance models also adjusted for early shooting performance. Shooting performance improved across training, and early standardized shooting performance predicted final attainment. However, BIS-11, PSS-10/EPS-10, and BSCS scores did not significantly predict early performance, the linear rate of improvement, or final performance after accounting for early shooting ability. BIS-11 subscales and a composite self-regulation index showed the same general pattern. These findings indicate that, in a highly structured and supervised police academy firearm-training context, broad self-regulation-related self-report traits had limited value for predicting firearm skill acquisition.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261490981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Role of AI-Supported Motor-Skill Language Learning Tools in EFL Learners' Willingness to Communicate: The Mediating Roles of Grit and Enjoyment. 探索人工智能支持的运动技能语言学习工具在英语学习者交流意愿中的作用：毅力和享受的中介作用。

IF 2.4 4区心理学

Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/00315125261487804

Juan Long, Qin Yang, Yina Peng, Lei Pan

{"title":"Exploring the Role of AI-Supported Motor-Skill Language Learning Tools in EFL Learners' Willingness to Communicate: The Mediating Roles of Grit and Enjoyment.","authors":"Juan Long, Qin Yang, Yina Peng, Lei Pan","doi":"10.1177/00315125261487804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125261487804","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that artificial intelligence (AI) offers creative opportunities for enhancing English language students' performance. Nevertheless, there is little information regarding the effect of AI-based tools on students' willingness to communicate (WTC). In addition, emotional variables like grit and enjoyment can affect the EFL students' WTC. Thus, the present research investigated the effect of AI on the learners' WTC by taking into account the mediating effect of enjoyment and grit. To this end, 240 English as a foreign language learners in China participated in this research and were assigned to two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The former got engaged in communicative tasks with an AI-based tool; however, the other one got engaged in traditional communicative tasks. After the eight-week intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires. A parallel mediation analysis was run, and the results revealed that both groups showed improvement in WTC, while the improvement in the experimental group was greater. The results also revealed that both grit and enjoyment were significant mediators in this effect. Grit uniquely accounted for 9.72% of the effect, and enjoyment accounted for 13.31% of it. In addition, the results can direct future research on embedding AI-based tools into language teaching, spreading supportive and inclusive settings. Suggestions are also provided for FL teachers.","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125261487804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0