Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Validation of the Applicability and Standard Revision of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment in Chinese Children Aged 8-12.","authors":"Xiaojin Mao, Yunjiao Yang, Han Xie, Botian Wang, Wenhao Li, Lixia Fan","doi":"10.1177/00315125251375119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251375119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to assess the applicability of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) in Chinese children aged 8-12 and to undertake preliminary revisions for areas found to be unsuitable. A randomized sample of 911 children aged 8-12 underwent testing. The results showed that difficulty coefficients for time scores among 8-9-year-olds were relatively low (.21-.31), while the age-related differences in skill scores for children aged 8-12 were modest (.63-.68). Significant differences were observed between high and low-scoring groups in each age category (<i>p</i> < .05). Inter-rater, intra-rater and test-retest reliability ranged from r = .623 to .998 (<i>p</i> < .05), all indicating moderate to strong correlations. CAMSA demonstrated a moderate correlation with TGMD-3 (r = .430, <i>p</i> < .05), and the Bland-Altman plot indicated a high level of agreement. Overall scores showed an increasing trend with age, with males scoring higher than females. Following standard revisions, the difficulty coefficients for time scores (.32-.65) and skill scores (.59-.73) for children aged 8-12 were found to be more suitable for the Chinese population. Meanwhile, the discriminative capacity, reliability, and validity of the assessment continued to meet the required evaluation standards. In conclusion, the CAMSA demonstrates suitability for Chinese children across discrimination, reliability, and validity, with the exception of difficulty. Following standard revisions, the CAMSA is more appropriate for use with Chinese children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251375119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Based Differences in Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses to a Classical HIFT Tabata Protocol Modified with Short Efforts.","authors":"Diego Ferraro-Farro, Darío Trujillo-Baameiro, Cristine Lima Alberton, Stefano Benítez-Flores","doi":"10.1177/00315125251376390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251376390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tabata-based High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) elicits hybrid adaptations in both cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular systems. However, its high Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) may limit its feasibility. <b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to analyze the acute physiological and psychological responses to a modified low-volume Tabata-based HIFT incorporating short efforts, with a focus on potential differences between sexes. <b>Research Design:</b> A single low-volume modified Tabata HIFT session was performed, comprising eight rounds of four exercises (Burpees, Mountain Climbers, Jumping Jacks, and Thrusters using two 2 kg dumbbells), involving 32 efforts of 5 seconds, interspersed with 10 seconds of passive recovery (∼8 minutes). <b>Study Sample:</b> Sixteen healthy moderately to highly physically active young adults (9 males and 7 females [age: 28.2 ± 4.9 years; Body Mass Index [BMI]: 24.0 ± 2.6 kg·m^-2]) participated in the study. Data Collection: Physiological (Heart Rate [HR], HR Variability, and HR Recovery) and psychological (Category Ratio 10 RPE Scale [CR-10 RPE], Feeling Scale [FS], Exercise Task Self-Efficacy, Intention, and Enjoyment) variables were assessed. <b>Results:</b> Participants spent most of the session time (∼6 minutes / 75% of exercise volume) within 90-100% of maximal HR (HR_max), presenting no significant sex-based differences in HR-related values (<i>p</i> > 0.05), nor in the total repetitions performed across exercises and rounds (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Both sexes exhibited positive Affective Valence; however, females reported higher FS scores (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as greater Intention scores for engaging in HIFT 3 and 5 times·wk^-1 compared to males (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that the modified low-volume Tabata HIFT protocol induces high cardiorespiratory strain, is well tolerated, and that females report greater Affective Valence response and Intention to participate than males.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251376390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Creativity: Does Principals' Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction Matter?","authors":"Qingyun Yang","doi":"10.1177/00315125251372269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251372269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Creativity greatly helps English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers flourish and succeed in the teaching profession. Given the immense influence of creativity on EFL teachers' professional success, it is crucial to ascertain the factors that trigger teachers to bring more creativity into the educational setting. To address this necessity, many scholars to date have probed the role of various personal factors in teachers' creativity. Nevertheless, the contextual factors that encourage teachers to adopt creative teaching have somehow been disregarded by both educational and L2 researchers. <b>Purpose:</b> To bridge this gap, the present study addressed the role of two contextual factors, namely job satisfaction (JS) and principals' leadership behavior (PLB), in EFL teachers' creativity. Furthermore, this study assessed the potential association between JS, PLB, and teacher creativity. <b>Research Design:</b> The study employed a quantitative research design using self-report scales and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore relationships among the variables. <b>Study Sample:</b> A total of 339 English teachers were selected from different schools and colleges in China. Data Collection and/or Analysis: Three self-report scales were distributed among the participants to investigate their perceptions of PLB, JS, and creativity. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was run through the latest version of the Mplus program to analyze participants' perceptions. Results: Results indicated that both PLB and JS are closely related to Chinese EFL teachers' creativity. Results also demonstrated that PLB and JS can bring about positive and meaningful changes in Chinese EFL teachers' creativity. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that principals' leadership behavior and teachers' job satisfaction play pivotal roles in fostering creativity among Chinese EFL teachers. The results of the current study would be instructive and beneficial for all educational principals, notably those working in language education settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251372269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorimotor and Sex Influence on Spatial Orientation when Sitting and Standing.","authors":"Josef Rask, Per-Anders Fransson, Rolf Johansson, Måns Magnusson, Fredrik Tjernström","doi":"10.1177/00315125251372271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251372271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When patients experience peripheral vestibular or certain central disorders causing dizziness or vertigo, this is sometimes associated with experiencing also disrupted spatial orientation, which may be accentuated by exposure to a distorted visual environment. This study explores the impact of sensorimotor factors and sex on spatial orientation in sitting and standing positions. In the Rod-and-Frame test, the participant views a rod - with and without a surrounding tilted frame - and is assigned to align the rod vertically or horizontally. A systematic misalignment of the rod due to the tilted frame is considered a visual field dependent behavior. Our objective was to determine whether healthy young adults perform the Rod-and-Frame test equally well when sitting and standing, and to determine the test-retest reliability. Twenty-four participants, 12 males and 12 females (M age = 25.5 years, standard deviation (SD) = 2.8 years) (males M age = 26.3 SD 3.1; females M age = 24.8 SD 2.4), performed identical Rod-and-Frame tests two times - exactly one week between the tests - in a completely dark room while standing and sitting. The participants were assigned to align a luminous rod horizontally and vertically with no frame of reference; with the rod surrounded by a luminous frame tilted 20° clockwise; and 20° counterclockwise. The participants were significantly more field dependent while sitting than while standing during the clockwise frame condition. Females were significantly more field dependent than males in the sitting clockwise and counterclockwise frame conditions. The test-retest evaluation was significantly non-zero for all test conditions and most ICC values were within the \"good reliability\" range. Thus, during the test conditions with increased sensorimotor information, the participants were less affected by distortive visual information. Additionally, females were more affected by distortive visual information than males while sitting. The Rod-and-Frame test proved robust, providing similar results when repeated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251372271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Muscle Relaxation on Motor Control: Comparison Between Ballistic and Ramp Task Methods.","authors":"Hitomi Matsumoto, Yuma Takenaka, Tomotaka Suzuki, Naoko Shimadu, Kenichi Sugawara","doi":"10.1177/00315125251374115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251374115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The control of muscle relaxation is not simply the cessation of a muscle contraction, but a dynamic control mechanism for the next movement. Muscle relaxation is triggered by neurophysiological control of the central nervous system. Here, two relaxation strategies were compared, Ballistic and Ramp conditions, and the dynamics of excitability changes between the two relaxation strategies were analyzed. The Ballistic and Ramp conditions were established using visual triggers and response sounds from 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction output of the right wrist joint. The excitability of the motor cortex involved in the onset of relaxation was assessed using muscle tension or electromyography as an indicator for the onset of relaxation at -100, -50, and 0 ms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess the excitability of the motor cortex at -100, -50, and 0 ms during the response onset tone and visual trigger. The H-reflex was derived from the flexor carpi radialis. There were no differences in the H-reflex between the conditions. In the Ballistic condition, the motor evoked potential was significantly higher at 0 ms, just before muscle relaxation, than at other time points (<i>p</i> < .05). In the Ramp condition, motor evoked potential was attenuated at 0 ms immediately before muscle relaxation compared with that at -100 ms (<i>p</i> < .05). During the onset of muscle relaxation, the excitability of the primary motor cortex showed a transient increase at different timings, depending on the relaxation method used. Thus, we can understand the key timing and methodology for the initiation of relaxation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251374115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Starting Status and Match Outcome on Peak Match Demands in Semiprofessional Soccer Players.","authors":"Alejandro Sierra-Casas, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Daniel Castillo, Piotr Zmijewski, Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández","doi":"10.1177/00315125251374116","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251374116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the peak locomotor match demands between starters and non-starting soccer players according to playing position and match outcome. Twenty-two young outfield soccer players were observed over 17 official matches. Locomotor performance during the matches was recorded per minute: total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSD, >19.8 km/h), sprint distance (SPD, >25.2 km/h), high metabolic load distance (HMLD, 25.5 W·kg^-1), number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC, >3 m/s²) and decelerations (DCC, >-3 m/s²), and Player Load (PL). Rolling moving averages were used to calculate the peak match demands as worst-case scenarios (PMD) in 1 (PMD_1m) and 3 (PMD_3m) minutes. Players were classified based on their playing position, as well as the match outcome at the time of substitution. The results demonstrate that when the non-starter plays the same position, peak match demands are generally similar, except HSD and SPD in PMD_1m, which are higher in starters. Position-based analysis shows that starting central defender and central midfielder cover a significantly longer TD during PMD_1m and PMD_3m compared to their respective non-starters. Moreover, starting players cover a greater TD, HSD, SPD, and HMLD in PMD_1m when the substitution occurs while winning compared to their respective non-starting players.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251374116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Role of Variability in Motor Control and Learning: Towards an Accessible Protocol for Analysis.","authors":"Carla Caballero, David Barbado, Óscar Rodríguez, Francisco J Moreno","doi":"10.1177/00315125251370874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251370874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scientific literature highlights the significance of human motor variability in understanding motor control, learning, and neurological disorders. Visuomotor tasks in laboratory settings offer a controlled platform for studying motor variability, but the specialized equipment used for these tasks limits their accessibility and generalizability. Thus, this study aimed to develop an accessible, standardized mouse-based task for home-based assessment of motor variability characteristics. Two protocols were conducted: (1) comparing the mouse-based task to a well-established force-sensor lab task (<i>N</i> = 10), and (2) assessing the mouse-based task across various computer setups (<i>N</i> = 31). Results demonstrated high reliability and accuracy of both tasks for the following measures of motor variability: fuzzy entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The mouse-based task exhibited slightly superior absolute reliability, suggesting potential sensitivity advantages for detecting longitudinal changes in motor control. While sampling frequency influenced nonlinear outputs, it did not significantly affect reliability, leading to the choice of 20 Hz for optimal parameter estimation. Correlation analyses revealed that although participants showed different performance during the mouse- and force-sensor-based tasks, their long-term movement adjustment strategies (assessed using the DFA) were similar. In addition, the robustness analysis showed that computer hardware can influence observed variability, with screen size being a key factor. Larger screens may increase error sensitivity and affect variability structure. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of the mouse-based task for home-based motor variability assessment, emphasizing its reliability, accuracy, and adaptability across various computer setups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251370874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual Plausibility Effects Among Older Adults in Chinese Free-View Reading: Co-Registration of Eye-Tracking and Electroencephalography.","authors":"Longxia Lou, Ximei Feng, Zehao Liang, Zhi-Fang Liu, Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00315125251370882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251370882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With regard to how aging affects contextual plausibility in Chinese natural silent reading, research remains limited. To address the methodological limitations inherent in using eye-tracking measures and event-related potentials separately, we aimed to apply co-registration of eye-tracking with electroencephalography (EEG) in Chinese natural silent reading. Old and young adults were asked to read sentences that contained either semantically congruent or semantically violated words. We failed to replicate any differences in contextual plausibility effects between the older and younger adults on eye-tracking measures of early word processing (including first fixation duration, gaze duration, probability of skipping, and refixation). However, larger plausibility effects for the old adult readers were observed in the measures of regression in probability and total reading time. No reliable age-related differences in plausibility effects were observed for brain response amplitudes in the parafoveal and foveal intervals (from -400 to 200 ms). Both eye-tracking and EEG data demonstrated that contextual plausibility in early word processing was preserved among the old adults, while the Chinese old adult readers made more efforts to reanalyze semantic information in relation to free-view reading.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251370882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Validity and Reliability Study of the K-Muscle Controller Hand-Held Dynamometer in Measuring Shoulder's Internal and External Rotation Force.","authors":"Stylianos Grigoriadis, Vasileios Mylonas, Thomas Nikodelis, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Theodoros Loizidis, Athanassios Mihailidis","doi":"10.1177/00315125251364362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251364362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> To evaluate the validity and reliability of a new Hand-Held dynamometer, K-Muscle Controller, compared to MicroFET2 on measuring the shoulder's external and internal rotation strength on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). <b>Study sample:</b> A group of 22 (Group A) and a group of 25 (Group B) SIS patients participated. <b>Data collection and Analysis:</b> The isometric force of shoulder internal and external rotation was measured using only K-Muscle Controller (group A, two measurements with K-Muscle Controller) or both instruments (group B, one measurement with each instrument). The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) test was used to investigate the reliability and validity of the K-Muscle Controller. The Coefficient of Variation (CoV) was also calculated for both shoulders' internal and external rotation of both groups. Furthermore, Bland-Altman plots were used to present the level of agreement between the measurements for both groups. <b>Results:</b> Intraclass correlation tests revealed high correlation coefficients for validity (ICCs ranging from 0.957 to 0.986) and for reliability (ICCs ranging from 0.944 to 0.986) for both groups and both arms for K-Muscle Controller. Moreover, CoV showcased values ranging from 31.77% up to 48.57%. Bland-Altman plots showed that data were within the limits of agreement indicating strong relationship between measurements without any observed trend. <b>Conclusions:</b> K-Muscle Controller was deemed reliable for measuring the shoulder's external and internal strength in both healthy and pathological shoulders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251364362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Fatigue and Physical Function of Older People: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Larissa Oliveira Faria, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho Nogueira, Thais Frois, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque","doi":"10.1177/00315125251365292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251365292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Mental fatigue is a common complaint of older adults. The possible impact of mental fatigue on the physical function of older people is concerning since physical function losses are associated with more visits to medical centres and higher medical expenses. The review examined studies that investigated the effects of mental fatigue on the physical function of older people. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. <b>Methods:</b> The review tracked the state of studies through the categorisation of studies by features, a tabular summary of study characteristics, and risk of bias analysis. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Publications on the effects of mental fatigue in the older adult's population are relatively scarce. <b>Results:</b> The most common combined method to induce mental fatigue was mental maths and quiet sitting, but when analysing experimental and control conditions separately, the most common methods were laboratory-based tasks for induction with low ecological validity and the use of a movie, documentary or reading as a control condition. The review suggested the lack of experimental research design. Most studies were interested in understanding the differences in mental fatigue effects between age groups of healthy participants. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, older people display greater force fluctuations. Studies have mainly examined balance and muscle function using low ecological fatigue induction and a combination of subjective and objective measures for manipulation checks. Chronic conditions are underrepresented. The existing evidence calls for more rigorous research to inform healthcare decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251365292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}