Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

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A Validity and Reliability Study of the K-Muscle Controller Hand-Held Dynamometer in Measuring Shoulder's Internal and External Rotation Force. k肌控制器手持式测力仪测量肩部内外旋力的效度与信度研究。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251364362
Stylianos Grigoriadis, Vasileios Mylonas, Thomas Nikodelis, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Theodoros Loizidis, Athanassios Mihailidis
{"title":"A Validity and Reliability Study of the K-Muscle Controller Hand-Held Dynamometer in Measuring Shoulder's Internal and External Rotation Force.","authors":"Stylianos Grigoriadis, Vasileios Mylonas, Thomas Nikodelis, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Theodoros Loizidis, Athanassios Mihailidis","doi":"10.1177/00315125251364362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251364362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> To evaluate the validity and reliability of a new Hand-Held dynamometer, K-Muscle Controller, compared to MicroFET2 on measuring the shoulder's external and internal rotation strength on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). <b>Study sample:</b> A group of 22 (Group A) and a group of 25 (Group B) SIS patients participated. <b>Data collection and Analysis:</b> The isometric force of shoulder internal and external rotation was measured using only K-Muscle Controller (group A, two measurements with K-Muscle Controller) or both instruments (group B, one measurement with each instrument). The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) test was used to investigate the reliability and validity of the K-Muscle Controller. The Coefficient of Variation (CoV) was also calculated for both shoulders' internal and external rotation of both groups. Furthermore, Bland-Altman plots were used to present the level of agreement between the measurements for both groups. <b>Results:</b> Intraclass correlation tests revealed high correlation coefficients for validity (ICCs ranging from 0.957 to 0.986) and for reliability (ICCs ranging from 0.944 to 0.986) for both groups and both arms for K-Muscle Controller. Moreover, CoV showcased values ranging from 31.77% up to 48.57%. Bland-Altman plots showed that data were within the limits of agreement indicating strong relationship between measurements without any observed trend. <b>Conclusions:</b> K-Muscle Controller was deemed reliable for measuring the shoulder's external and internal strength in both healthy and pathological shoulders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251364362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mental Fatigue and Physical Function of Older People: A Scoping Review. 老年人的精神疲劳和身体功能:一个范围综述。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251365292
Larissa Oliveira Faria, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho Nogueira, Thais Frois, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque
{"title":"Mental Fatigue and Physical Function of Older People: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Larissa Oliveira Faria, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho Nogueira, Thais Frois, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque","doi":"10.1177/00315125251365292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251365292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Mental fatigue is a common complaint of older adults. The possible impact of mental fatigue on the physical function of older people is concerning since physical function losses are associated with more visits to medical centres and higher medical expenses. The review examined studies that investigated the effects of mental fatigue on the physical function of older people. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. <b>Methods:</b> The review tracked the state of studies through the categorisation of studies by features, a tabular summary of study characteristics, and risk of bias analysis. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Publications on the effects of mental fatigue in the older adult's population are relatively scarce. <b>Results:</b> The most common combined method to induce mental fatigue was mental maths and quiet sitting, but when analysing experimental and control conditions separately, the most common methods were laboratory-based tasks for induction with low ecological validity and the use of a movie, documentary or reading as a control condition. The review suggested the lack of experimental research design. Most studies were interested in understanding the differences in mental fatigue effects between age groups of healthy participants. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, older people display greater force fluctuations. Studies have mainly examined balance and muscle function using low ecological fatigue induction and a combination of subjective and objective measures for manipulation checks. Chronic conditions are underrepresented. The existing evidence calls for more rigorous research to inform healthcare decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251365292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Out-of-Body Experiences and Threat Sensitivity. 灵魂出窍和威胁敏感性。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251362319
Robert A King
{"title":"Out-of-Body Experiences and Threat Sensitivity.","authors":"Robert A King","doi":"10.1177/00315125251362319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251362319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An out-of-body experience (OBE) can be defined as having the impression of being consciously aware and out of one's physical body in an extrapersonal location. Recent research has suggested that OBEs are often a response to physical and/or psychological threat. However, because the OBE does not occur for everyone even when in the same type of threatening situation, it has been further postulated that such an experience is associated with the differences of each individual psyche interacting with differing circumstances. This includes a possibility that perhaps a higher sensitivity to threat might be one important idiosyncratic factor in some cases. This paper describes research based on this hypothesis. The Threat Sensitivity Scale (TSS) was utilized to compare 105 participants who have had at least one OBE in their life in which they had the impression of seeing their physical body from an extrapersonal location (referred to as an <i>autoscopic</i> OBE) with 150 who have not. It was found that there was a significant higher mean score on the TSS between those who have had an autoscopic OBE and those who have not, which remains the case even if having experienced one or more imminent life-threatening situations is also considered as a variable. These findings suggest that autoscopic OBEs are associated with higher levels of threat sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251362319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "Gericke, C., Pienaar, A. E., Gerber, B., & Monyeki, M. A. (2025). Differences in Obese and Underweight 5- to 8-Year-Old Children's Physical Fitness and Motor Skills and Associations With Body Composition: The ExAMIN Youth and BC-IT SA Study. Gericke, C, Pienaar, A. E., Gerber, B., and Monyeki, M.(2025)的勘误表。肥胖和体重不足的5- 8岁儿童身体健康和运动技能的差异及其与身体成分的关系:ExAMIN Youth和BC-IT SA研究。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251364138
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Gericke, C., Pienaar, A. E., Gerber, B., & Monyeki, M. A. (2025). Differences in Obese and Underweight 5- to 8-Year-Old Children's Physical Fitness and Motor Skills and Associations With Body Composition: The ExAMIN Youth and BC-IT SA Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00315125251364138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251364138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251364138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Family Influence on Motor Skill Development in Head Start Preschoolers. 混合方法研究家庭对学前儿童运动技能发展的影响。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251365071
Joonyoung Lee, Jean Keller, Ana Alvarez, Tao Zhang
{"title":"A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Family Influence on Motor Skill Development in Head Start Preschoolers.","authors":"Joonyoung Lee, Jean Keller, Ana Alvarez, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00315125251365071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251365071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, this study investigated the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) in 219 Head Start preschoolers (<i>M</i>age = 4.33, <i>SD</i> = 0.63; 56% girls; 53% Hispanic) and examined how family environments, including parental and sibling influences, shapes FMS. Children were assessed on 13 FMS (6 locomotor and 7 object control [ball] skills) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3. Parents of children with the highest and lowest FMS scores were selected for follow-up interviews, and Welch's <i>t</i>-tests, interviews, and children's drawings were used to triangulate findings. Results indicated that 56% of children demonstrated high FMS, while 44% had low FMS. Three key themes emerged from the interviews: (a) parental and sibling physical activity habits shape children's FMS development, (b) active parental involvement promotes FMS growth, and (c) resource-rich home environments provide essential opportunities for FMS mastery. Children with high FMS benefited from active, supportive family environments, where parents and siblings served as role models and facilitated diverse PA opportunities. In contrast, low FMS children often faced barriers, such as limited resources, time constraints, and lower prioritization of active play. These findings underscore the vital role of family environments in fostering early childhood FMS development among Head Start preschoolers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251365071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Self-Selected Interval is not Effective in Eliciting Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Untrained Individuals. 在未训练的个体中,使用自选间隔对激活后的表现增强效果不明显。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251365060
Gabriel Fontanetti, Renan Vieira Barreto, Arthur Zecchin, Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção, Túlio Luiz Banja Fernandes, Amilton Vieira, Camila Coelho Greco, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima
{"title":"The Use of Self-Selected Interval is not Effective in Eliciting Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Untrained Individuals.","authors":"Gabriel Fontanetti, Renan Vieira Barreto, Arthur Zecchin, Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção, Túlio Luiz Banja Fernandes, Amilton Vieira, Camila Coelho Greco, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima","doi":"10.1177/00315125251365060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251365060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the efficacy of adopting self-selected interval (SSI) to elicit post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in untrained individuals and compared it to adopting the best fixed recovery interval (BST). Eleven male participants (age: 21.6 ± 2.1 years; body mass: 76.6 ± 11.1 kg; height: 175 ± 4 cm; 5RM squat load: 108 ± 17 kg) with no experience with strength training participated in three experimental sessions in a randomized order. The three experimental sessions consisted of: (1) a control session (CON), with countermovement jump (CMJ) height assessments performed 4 min before and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min after participants remained seated on a chair without performing any conditioning activity (CA) protocol; (2) a session with fixed recovery interval (FRI), with CMJ height assessment performed 4 min before and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min after a CA consisting of five back squats with a 5 repetition maximum load, and; (3) a session with SSI, with CMJ height assessment performed only once after the CA and participants adopting a SSI based on a readiness scale. No significant differences were found in CMJ performance between baseline (BL) and post-CA in the CON session and in the SSI session. CMJ height in the BST was 4.4% higher than BL value during the FRI session (BL: 31.5 ± 3.1 cm; post: 32.9 ± 2.6 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.05, d = 0.5). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that, although untrained individuals are not able to identify an ideal recovery interval after PA using a readiness scale, they can be responsive to PAPE when adopting a FRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251365060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soccer Refereeing and Resilient Behavior: Relationships With Psychological Inflexibility and Perfectionism. 足球裁判和弹性行为:与心理不灵活性和完美主义的关系。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251365290
Félix Arbinaga, Gerardo A Araya-Vargas, Emilio Moreno-San-Pedro
{"title":"Soccer Refereeing and Resilient Behavior: Relationships With Psychological Inflexibility and Perfectionism.","authors":"Félix Arbinaga, Gerardo A Araya-Vargas, Emilio Moreno-San-Pedro","doi":"10.1177/00315125251365290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251365290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study analyzes how perfectionism and psychological inflexibility relate to resilience in soccer referees. Data were collected online from 199 referees (91.96% male, <i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 28.24, <i>SD</i> = 8.47). Of the total sample, 73.37% were amateur and 26.63% were semi-professional or professional, with no significant differences in the scores of the three variables. Referees with low resilience reported higher psychological inflexibility, greater maladaptive perfectionism, and lower adaptive perfectionism. Participants grouped with high-medium psychological inflexibility showed a higher risk (<i>OR</i> = 4.079) of being in the low-resilience group compared to those with low psychological inflexibility. Linear regression models show a positive and significant predictive capacity for resilience for adaptive perfectionism (<i>β</i> = 0.468, <i>p</i> < .001), but a negative one for psychological inflexibility (<i>β</i> = -0.213, <i>p</i> = .003) and maladaptive perfectionism (<i>β</i> = -0.323, <i>p</i> < .001). The implications of these results in the sports context are analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251365290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual Coordinative Structures During Single-Legged Stance Present Lateral Asymmetry. 单腿站立时的个人协调结构呈现侧向不对称。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251364103
Carla Daniele Pacheco Rinaldin, Verônica Andrade da Silva, Joseana Wendling Withers, Daniel Prado Campos, Elisângela Ferretti Manffra
{"title":"Individual Coordinative Structures During Single-Legged Stance Present Lateral Asymmetry.","authors":"Carla Daniele Pacheco Rinaldin, Verônica Andrade da Silva, Joseana Wendling Withers, Daniel Prado Campos, Elisângela Ferretti Manffra","doi":"10.1177/00315125251364103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251364103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigated the effect of lateral preference in angular coordination during single-legged postural control, considering individual coordination patterns rather than assuming collective motion modes. Nineteen healthy individuals (8 women), aged between 18-40 years, with a consistent preference for the right side, performed a single-legged stance, while a Vicon System captured data of 39 markers to calculate 30 angles. Two trials of 60s for each lower limb were performed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed individually for each participant´s data. The involvement of a given angle in the first two principal components (PCs) was evaluated by the zero-lag cross-correlation between the time series of the PC reconstructed in the original 30-dimensional space and the angle time series. A cluster analysis was conducted, based on the Euclidean distances among the loading vectors of the PCs obtained for each support limb. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the distances. There was no pattern among individuals concerning joints or segments participating in principal modes. The upper body and lower segments participated in the two principal coordination modes. Euclidean distances revealed grouping of PC vectors according to the support of the lower limb. The involvement of joints/segments in the principal movement modes during single-legged stance is highly heterogeneous across individuals. Nevertheless, the coordination strategies differ depending on the support limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251364103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Acute Effects of Walking With Blood Flow Restriction on Learning of a Visuomotor Tracking Task. 血流受限步行对视觉运动跟踪任务学习的急性影响。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251362303
Ana Kariele da Silva Santos, Eric Roig-Hierro, Flavio Henrique Bastos, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Giordano Marcio Gatinho Bonuzzi
{"title":"The Acute Effects of Walking With Blood Flow Restriction on Learning of a Visuomotor Tracking Task.","authors":"Ana Kariele da Silva Santos, Eric Roig-Hierro, Flavio Henrique Bastos, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Giordano Marcio Gatinho Bonuzzi","doi":"10.1177/00315125251362303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251362303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the acute effect of Walking with Blood Flow Restriction (W-BFR) after practicing a Visuomotor Tracking Task (VTT) on retention and retrieval during motor learning. Additionally, we investigated the influence of BFR on mood states, pain levels, and perceived exertion. Ninety participants were allocated to three groups: WALKING (motor practice + walking), RESTRICTION (motor practice + W-BFR), and CONTROL (motor practice + rest). Participants practiced the VTT for one day, with pre-test, post-test, 24-h and 7-day retention tests. Exercise groups performed 5/2 minutes of walking at 5 km/h, interspersed by 1 rest minute. RESTRICTION received 160-200 mmHg pressure on the proximal thighs while walking. Motor performance assessment included mean time on target and the variability of performance. For exercise groups, post-exercise measures included mean and max Heart Rate, Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion, Pain - Visual Analog Scale, and, for all groups at the end of day 1, Profile of Mood States. The exercise groups demonstrated better 24-h retention than the CONTROL (<i>p</i> < .05). RESTRICTION reported higher perceived effort, maximum heart rate, pain, tension, and fatigue. We concluded that W-BFR does not influence the walking-induced effect on motor learning. Compared to walking alone, W-BFR increases cardiac workload, perceived effort, and negative mood states.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251362303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gaze Behavior of Experts and Novices in Aikido's Choku Tsuki. 专家与新手在合气道“相扑”中的凝视行为。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学
Perceptual and Motor Skills Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00315125251330661
Estefan Gemas Neto, Thiago Augusto Costa de Oliveria, Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues, Alexandre Moreira, Umberto Cesar Corrêa
{"title":"Gaze Behavior of Experts and Novices in Aikido's Choku Tsuki.","authors":"Estefan Gemas Neto, Thiago Augusto Costa de Oliveria, Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues, Alexandre Moreira, Umberto Cesar Corrêa","doi":"10.1177/00315125251330661","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125251330661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated where and how expert and novice aikido practitioners fixate their gaze to achieve success in <i>choku tsuki</i> performance. Participants were 20 right-handed aikido male practitioners (black belts = 10; white belts = 8; yellow belts = 2), with an average age of 33.5 years (<i>SD =</i> 7.4). Participants performed a <i>choku tsuki,</i> aiming to hit with a stick (jo) the center of a target on the chest of a virtual opponent attacking them with a wooden sword (bokken). Dependent variables included performance success (absolute frequency of target hits while the attacking opponent was holding the bokken above his head) and gaze behavior (number, variability, and durations of gaze fixations on specific interest areas). The results showed that the experts have fewer and longer fixations than novices; and, whereas experts focused on the target, novices varied their fixations on the opponent's head and feet, and the target and sword. We concluded that the experts were able to set the target as a functional point of gaze fixation, which allowed them to hit it while they monitored the sword's movement for a <i>choku tsuki</i> successful performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"705-720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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