Perceptual and Motor Skills最新文献

{"title":"Complex Relationships Between Students' Foreign Language Attitudes and Proficiency Perceptions with Foreign Language Classroom Enjoyment: Insights from Chinese University Students of Japanese.","authors":"Nan Jiang, Bo Wang, Yinxing Jin","doi":"10.1177/00315125241273995","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241273995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, we addressed (a) Chinese students' level of enjoyment in studying Japanese; (b) the independent and interactive predictive associations of student attitudes towards the Japanese language and their perceived Japanese proficiency with their Japanese classroom enjoyment; and (c) gender as a potential moderating variable in these relationships. Three hundred participants completed three questionnaires assessing their attitudes towards the Japanese language, perceived Japanese proficiency, and Japanese classroom enjoyment. Descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis revealed the following: (a) high overall student enjoyment in the Japanese classroom; (b) student attitudes towards both Japanese and their perceived Japanese proficiency were significant positive predictors of their levels of Japanese classroom enjoyment; (c) there was no significant interaction in the relationship between student attitudes towards the Japanese language and their perceived Japanese proficiency and Japanese classroom enjoyment; and (d) gender differences significantly moderated the relationships between perceived Japanese proficiency and Japanese classroom enjoyment, characterized by a stronger relationship among female participants; but gender was not a significant mediator in the relationship between attitudes towards the Japanese language and Japanese classroom enjoyment. We discuss these findings and their pedagogical implications, as well as the limitations of this study and future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"40-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychometric Validation of Turkish Versions of Four Scales: The Foreign Language Enjoyment, Peace of Mind, Boredom, and Classroom Anxiety Scales.","authors":"Sabahattin Yeşilçınar, Jean-Marc Dewaele, Nihan Erdemir","doi":"10.1177/00315125241280333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241280333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we present psychometrically validated Turkish versions of four popular foreign language learner emotion scales. They include the Foreign Language Classroom Peace of Mind Scale (Zhou et al., 2023), the Short-Form Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (Botes et al., 2021), the Short-Form Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Botes et al., 2022a), and the Foreign Language Classroom Boredom Scale (Li et al., 2023). We collected data from 1202 Turkish to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Cross-validation analyses confirmed the scales' applicability and reliability among these Turkish learners, and, measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) analyses revealed consistency in respondents' emotional experiences across diverse educational levels, enabling valid cross-group comparisons. Although strict invariance across student subgroups was not achieved, our findings provide Turkish researchers with four valid instruments for collecting emotional data from Turkish learners. The scale means and relationships between the four emotions measured with these adapted scales were comparable to those established in previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":"132 1","pages":"61-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformational Teacher Leadership and Physical Education Students' Intention to be Active: The Mediating Roles of Motor Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment.","authors":"Carolina Sánchez García, Rafael Enrique Reigal, Jacobo Hernández-Martos, Antonio Hernandez-Mendo, Verónica Morales-Sánchez","doi":"10.1177/00315125241308604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241308604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has highlighted positive associations between physical education (PE) teachers' transformational leadership and their adolescent students' intentions to be active. However, no prior investigators have addressed mediating variables of students' motor self-efficacy and enjoyment. Our aim in this study was to re-analyze the relationships between teachers' transformational leadership style and PE students' intentions to be active, while also examining the roles of motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as potential mediators in these relationships. The 429 adolescents in our sample were aged 14-16 years (<i>M</i> = 14.97, <i>SD</i> = 0.85). To assess these variables, we used the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Instrument (SSI-EF), and the Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA). A structural equation model revealed significant and positive relationships between all these variables. Indirect effects were found between a transformational teacher leadership style and students' intentions to be active, through the students' motor self-efficacy and enjoyment as mediator variables, with enjoyment the most important mediating variable. Motor self-efficacy and enjoyment mediated the relationship between the teacher's transformational leadership and the intention to be active, as when students enjoyed themselves and felt capable of successfully performing an activity, they were more inclined to continue practicing that physical activity. This was likely the result of the support and individualized attention the teacher provided through transformational leadership. This type of leadership fosters an environment where students feel valued and motivated, increasing their positive experiences in physical education. Therefore, in this context, it is more likely that they will develop a stronger desire to remain physically active in the future. Thus, teachers might apply transformational leadership to promote students' increased self-efficacy and enjoyment as a means of influencing their future adherence to active leisure time behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241308604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of a Jordanian Version of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition Brief Form (BOT-2BF) for Use with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Eman Khleif Ali Al-Zboon, Noof Abdel Latif Moukhles Aljaiuossi","doi":"10.1177/00315125241308345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241308345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current study, we tested a Jordanian version of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition, Brief Form (BOT2-BF) for use with children with autism. Study participants were a convenience sample of 140 children in Jordan, aged 4-8 years, including70 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 70 children without disabilities. The BOT 2-BF consists of 12 items divided into eight main areas: fine motor skills, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, coordination of the upper extremities, and strength. We administered the Jordanian version of the scale individually to all the participants and found it to have acceptable construct validity, internal item consistency, internal sub-scale correlations, discriminant validity for our two groups, and factorial validity on confirmatory factor analysis. The scale also had acceptable split-half reliability. This study is the first Arabic adaptation of the BOT-2BF, and it is the first study to show utility of this instrument for children with ASD. We present further recommendations for research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241308345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Body Image Perception / (Dis)Satisfaction and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in University Students of Health Sciences.","authors":"Lisiane Daniela Paim, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Anderson Garcez","doi":"10.1177/00315125241308927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241308927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate the association of body image perception / (dis)satisfaction with eating disorders symptoms. We conducted a cross-sectional university-based study with 534 students, aged 18 years or older, from a federal higher education institution specializing in health sciences and located in Southern Brazil in 2023. We evaluated eating disorder symptoms using the Brazilian version of the SCOFF screening tool (≥2 symptoms) and body image using a silhouette scale developed for Brazilian adults. The mean age of the sample (78.3% female) was 23.3 (SD = 6.2) years. The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was 53.6% (95% CI: 49.3-57.8). In terms of body image, the prevalence of (dis)satisfaction was 64.6% (95% CI: 60.5-68.7) and of body image distortion was 53.4% (95% CI: 49.1-57.6). Students dissatisfied with their body image due to excess weight were 2.16 times more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.66-2.80; <i>p</i> < .001). Similarly, students who overestimated their body size were 35% more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12-1.63; <i>p</i> = .002). In conclusion, we found a significant association between body image perception / (dis)satisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders in university students of health sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241308927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Athletes' Gender-Related Postural Differences.","authors":"Bihter Akinoğlu, Büşra Paköz, Salman Usman Shehu, Tuğba Kocahan, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle","doi":"10.1177/00315125241304809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241304809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postural differences have been evident between female and male athletes, but there is insufficient information on how these differences are characterized in different sports branches. Our aim in this study was to compare the static postures of female and male athletes paired into identical sports. We included 172 athlete participants (86 female and 86 males) who were paired by same chronological age, sporting age, and sports branch. We performed posture analyses of these athletes, using the DIERS formetric 4D device. Specifically, we evaluated and recorded their trunk length, sacrum distance, sagittal imbalance, coronal imbalance, pelvic obliquity, pelvic torsion, pelvic inclinations, pelvic rotation, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, vertebral rotation, and trunk torsion. We found comparable sagittal imbalance, coronal imbalance, pelvic rotation, vertebral rotation, and trunk torsion similar in females and males (<i>p</i> > .05), but females had a wider sacrum, their pelvic structures were more oblique and anteriorly tilted, and they had more pelvic inclination angles and bigger kyphosis and lordosis angles. Male athletes had longer trunk lengths and more pelvic torsion. The kyphosis and lordosis angles of the female athletes were bigger than those of male athletes, but they were still within normal limits. The lumbar lordosis angles of male athletes were below normal limits. In conclusion, female athletes exhibited a more balanced spinal posture than male athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241304809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Executive Functions: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Yellow-Red Test in Bosnian Elementary School Students.","authors":"Ajla Bukva, Haris Memisevic","doi":"10.1177/00315125241306474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241306474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions (EF) have been significantly correlated with many important participant characteristics, including education, behavior, and overall health. Assessing EF in children is particularly important, as doing so can help clinicians develop programs for EF remediation. However, there is a limited understanding of comprehensive performance-based EF assessment tools for children. Our goal in the present paper was to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the Yellow-Red test, a performance-based EF measure, in a Bosnian sample of early elementary school students. Specifically, our participants were 180 children aged 8-11 years (<i>M</i> age = 9.6 years, <i>SD</i> = 1), including 83 girls and 97 boys. The CFA showed that the data fit well with both a unidimensional model (global EF) and a two-dimensional EF model, comprised of (i) working memory and (ii) inhibition plus cognitive flexibility. A comparison of these two models showed that the two-factor model was a statistically better fit to this sample's performance than the unidimensional model. These results suggest that EF in this age group can be viewed as both a single construct and a multi-factor construct (with at least two-factors). The Yellow-Red Test, with its engaging and cross-cultural research base, is a useful instrument for detecting EF dysfunction, and it can provide valuable insights for informing tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125241306474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Incidental Memory Advantage for Mixed Handed vs. Consistent Right Handed Participants: Conflicting Results From Earlier Research.","authors":"Henriette Johansen, Emilie H Rusten, René Westerhausen","doi":"10.1177/00315125241291266","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241291266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals who vary their preferred hand when performing different types of manual activities, so-called mixed handers (MH), have been frequently reported to outperform individuals with a consistent (right) hand preference (cRH) on tasks assessing declarative-memory functions. For example, in one influential study, this MH advantage extended to incidental learning from presumed \"deep\" semantic processing of verbal stimuli but not from \"shallow\" phonemic or structural processing. In the present study, we aimed to replicate this research finding in two separate participant samples. First, in a pre-registered and sample-size planned experiment we confronted 49 participants (23 MH; 26 cRH) with \"phonemic\" and \"semantic\" word evaluation tasks (using a within design), followed by a surprise delayed recognition test. In a second experiment, we repeated the same procedure with 65 other participants (31 MH, 34 cRH). A mixed-effect analyses of variance found a significant main effect of Encoding Condition (phonemic vs. semantic tasks) in both experiments (effect size: <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>^<i>2</i> = .81 to .85), indicating the classical level-of processing effect with higher recognition hits and sensitivity (<i>d'</i>) for words that followed semantic versus phonemic encoding. However, the predicted interaction effect of Encoding Condition with Handedness Group was not statistically significant for either sample (all <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>^<i>2</i> < .03), nor was the main effect of Handedness Group. Thus, our findings conflicted with those of the original study in two independent samples. As we had sufficient statistical power to be confident in our failure to detect a genuine group difference, we cannot confirm the previously reported MH over cRH advantage in incidental learning of verbal material. We discuss possible reasons for these contradictory results and the theoretical implications of this discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"2049-2068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zone In Not Out! The Key to Winning High-Level Tetris.","authors":"Jacquelyn H Berry","doi":"10.1177/00315125241289687","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241289687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automating a perceptual-motor task will not win you a perceptual-motor contest. Despite claims that mindless automaticity is the essence of expertise, the view espoused here is that automaticity is worthwhile only because it enables the expert to plan and strategize. Indeed, the purpose of learning to manually shift gears is to eventually ignore that function to focus instead on actual driving. To perform well, the expert must transition their attention from a task's low-level components to its high-level nuances. This is best understood in real-world scenarios (e.g. driving, in which performance is dynamic and sometimes competitive). This argument is based on a years-long, longitudinal case study of learning to play the puzzle game, Tetris. Tetris is intensively perceptual-motor with complicated manual routines needed to manage expert game speeds. For this case study, the player began as an advanced novice but successfully transitioned to championship level in the 2020 Classic Tetris World Championship. Initially, the challenge was gaining enough skill to make and execute perceptual-motor decisions in a fraction of a second. However, once that process became automatic, the player could spend those freed mental resources elsewhere. Performance was better for all games when the player was mentally engaged and used their focused attention to plan ahead rather than just automatically respond to the game pieces. We argue that the end goal for automating perceptual-motor skills in competitive, dynamic environments is to free cognitive space in the brain for the user to excel strategically.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"2304-2323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability of Dynamic Subjective Visual Vertical and Visual Dependency in Older Adults Using Virtual Reality Methods.","authors":"Shota Hayashi, Tomohiko Kamo, Hirofumi Ogihara, Yuta Tani, Kazuya Hoshino, Kazutaka Kobayashi, Tatsuya Igarashi, Akira Kimura","doi":"10.1177/00315125241292094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00315125241292094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perception of verticality is formed through the integration of multisensory gravitational information, including somatosensory, visual, and vestibular inputs. Older adults exhibit visual dependency (VD) as they rely more on visual information to compensate for reduced somatosensory and vertical perception. Increased VD is associated with falls, and the dynamic subjective visual vertical (SVV) is used to assess VD. However, the measurement reliability of dynamic SVV and VD using virtual reality (VR), which has garnered considerable attention in recent years, remains unclear. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of dynamic SVVs and VDs using a VR method. We evaluated static and dynamic SVV of 40 older adults using a smartphone-based VR system (SVR-SVV). Dynamic SVV consisted of numerous spheres on the background rotating clockwise (CW-SVV) or counterclockwise (CCW-SVV). Each SVV measurement consisted of one set of 10 trials. VD was calculated as the mean value of dynamic SVV minus the mean values of static SVV. A re-test was conducted after one week. Reliability was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2, k) for each SVV measure. We observed no systematic bias in any of the SVV values, which were 0.1° (<i>SD</i> = 2.8°), 13.3° (<i>SD</i> = 8.3°), -12.8° (<i>SD</i> = 6.9°), and 15.7° (<i>SD</i> = 8.1°) for static SVV, CW-SVV, CCW-SVV, and VD, respectively. Test-retest reliability was good for static SVV (ICC = .817, <i>p</i> < .001), CW-SVV (ICC = .896, <i>p</i> < .001) and excellent for CCW-SVV (ICC = .914, <i>p</i> < .001), VD (ICC = .937, <i>p</i> < .001). The dynamic SVV and VD measurements using SVR-SVV demonstrated good test-retest reliability. Moreover, the SVR-SVV is more portable than conventional methods, making it highly useful in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"2069-2084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}