Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Chronic neonicotinoid exposure disrupts survival, development, digestive enzymes, and gut microbiome in honeybee queen larvae (Apis mellifera L.)","authors":"Quan Gao ,&nbsp;Yifan Wu ,&nbsp;Jianuo Huang ,&nbsp;Shuwen Xu ,&nbsp;Runhang Chen ,&nbsp;Hubiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Huang ,&nbsp;Qibao He ,&nbsp;Yaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Jinjing Xiao ,&nbsp;Haiqun Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeybee queens (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.) are essential for colony sustainability, most study mainly focused on the acute toxicity of chemical insecticides. This study investigated the chronic effects of three prevalent neonicotinoids on honeybee queen larvae development, digestive physiology, and gut microbiota. It was determined that exposure to elevated concentrations (10–40 mg/L) significantly increased larval mortality (up to 41.70%), which reduced both capping and emergence rates, with imidacloprid causing a 43.80% decline in emergence at 40 mg/L. Chronic exposure (1–25 mg/L) to clothianidin notably decreased birth weight by 11.40% and altered thoracic and abdominal morphometrics. Moreover, imidacloprid and clothianidin suppressed amylase activity by up to 94%, while acetamiprid enhanced it by nearly 60%. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant shifts in gut microbiota composition, characterized by increased abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> and decreased <em>Bacteroidota</em>, despite minor changes in overall diversity. Functional predictions indicated alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and membrane transport pathways. These findings demonstrate that chronic neonicotinoid exposure disrupts metabolic and microbial homeostasis in honeybee queen larvae, posing a serious threat to honeybee colony fitness, which is important and provides essential evidence for ecological risk assessment and the development of safer pesticide application strategies in apiculture and crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter gustatory receptor modulates the immune response of Coptotermes formosanus against Metarhizium anisopliae","authors":"Weiwen Chen,&nbsp;Shijun Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many termite species are classified as pests, and current control methods primarily rely on chemical insecticides, which pose environmental risks. Biological control using <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> offers a promising alternative, but its efficacy is limited by the termite's complex social and physiological defense mechanisms. Gustatory receptors (GRs) are known to mediate insect behaviors such as feeding and avoidance, yet their roles in antifungal immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 14 GR genes from the <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em> genome, a globally significant termite pest.Their functional roles were investigated using RNA interference. Knockdown of <em>Cf</em>Gr3, a putative bitter gustatory receptor, significantly reduced termite survival and impaired avoidance behavior in response to <em>M. anisopliae</em>. Furthermore, <em>Cf</em>Gr3 suppression suppressed the humoral immune response, as shown by decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (<em>termicin</em> and <em>lysozyme</em>) and higher fungal load. Transcriptome analysis identified the crustacean cardioactive peptide receptor (CCAP-R) as a downstream target of <em>Cf</em>Gr3. Knockdown of <em>CCAP-R</em> similarly compromised avoidance behavior and immunity of termites. Our findings indicate that <em>Cf</em>Gr3 plays a critical role in coordinating behavioral and immune defenses against fungal infection.These results advance understanding of social immunity in termites and identify potential molecular targets for improved biocontrol strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-triggered degradation of a silicon-based nanopesticide activates SA-dependent conifer defense against Dioryctria sylvestrella","authors":"Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Antong Ma ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Fang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Gan ,&nbsp;Jiayue Liu ,&nbsp;Fu Liu ,&nbsp;Sufang Zhang ,&nbsp;Defu Chi ,&nbsp;Dafeng Chen ,&nbsp;Yapei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangbo Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pine forests in northern China are heavily infested by wood-boring insects, the cryptic life cycles of which make conventional control measures ineffective. We addressed this threat with Sp@SNP, a silicon-based nanopesticide synthesized by polymerization of silane monomers, in which spirotetramat (Sp) was physically entrapped at a loading of 19.92%. The resulting 118-nm nanoparticles showed exceptional water dispersibility, rapid plant uptake, and excellent penetration into the insect cuticle. Sp@SNP selectively released its active ingredient, spirotetramat, in an acid-triggered manner, whereas the silicon-based nanocarrier (SNP) activated salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic resistance in plants. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling revealed pronounced activation of phenylalanine–phenylpropanoid metabolism, elevated SA signaling, and a 2–5-fold increase in levels of defense enzymes (e.g., peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase), accompanied by phenolic accumulation. Drone application of Sp@SNP to Mongolian Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em>) achieved rapid xylem translocation and increased larval mortality of the pine tip moth (<em>Dioryctria sylvestrella</em>) by 23.6% compared to a conventional spirotetramat suspension concentrate. Our results demonstrate that Sp@SNP is a precise and sustainable method for controlling wood-boring insects that exerts insecticidal effects and induces SA-mediated systemic resistance in pine trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New mechanistic insights into the antiviral candidate CA-P: Activation of plant redox-mediated defense and suppression of virus biosynthesis","authors":"Rong-Shuang Luo ,&nbsp;Yan-Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Gu ,&nbsp;Long Cheng ,&nbsp;Wu-Bin Shao ,&nbsp;Yan-Mei Liao ,&nbsp;Qian Guo ,&nbsp;Dan Zeng ,&nbsp;Hong-Mei Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Li-Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Bing Wu ,&nbsp;Song Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral diseases seriously threaten global agriculture, driving the need for new antiviral agents. Currently, viricide development is hindered by limited antiviral agent diversity and unclear mechanisms. Here, we reported that a novel cinnamic acid derivative, <strong>CA-P</strong>, exhibited strong antiviral activity against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), with EC₅₀ values of 160.35 mg·L⁻¹ (protective efficacy) and 324.21 mg·L⁻¹ (curative efficacy). It also showed low toxicity to non-target organisms (zebrafish, earthworms, bees, and silkworms). To support the rational design of cinnamic acid-based antiviral molecules and to clarify the relationship between plant defense responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, we systematically investigated the mechanism of action of <strong>CA-P</strong>. Integrated RNA sequencing and biochemical analyses revealed that <strong>CA-P</strong> modulates redox homeostasis by enhancing the activity of key ROS-scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Simultaneously, <strong>CA-P</strong> activated a set of ROS-mediated defense responses, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, calcium ion flux, hypersensitive response (HR), and systemic acquired resistance via salicylic acid-dependent pathways. These synergistic mechanisms collectively enhance plant resistance against viral infection and environmental stressors. Overall, this study provides innovative insights into the antiviral applications of cinnamic acid derivatives and offers a new perspective on the interplay between defense responses and ROS regulation, thereby facilitating the development of novel plant resistance inducers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics characterization of fatty acid–driven contact pheromone biosynthesis in Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with implications for pest management","authors":"Yiming Niu,&nbsp;Ling Cheng,&nbsp;Nipeng Qian,&nbsp;Shixiang Zong,&nbsp;Jing Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trunk-borer <em>Monochamus saltuarius</em> is a major vector of the pine wood nematode in Eurasia, and its strong reproductive capacity heightens the risk of pathogen spread. Cuticular compounds, the main constituents of contact pheromones, mediate close-range chemical communication. In <em>M</em>. <em>saltuarius</em>, such interactions depend largely on female-derived contact pheromones, yet their biosynthetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address these gaps, we employed an integrated chemical-omics approach. First, chemical extraction identified 21 cuticular compounds, most of which were long-chain molecules. Among them, pentacosane (C₂₅H₅₂) emerged as a key component, showing low abundance in sexually immature females, higher levels at maturity, and clear fluctuations after mating. Second, metabolomic analyses, including differential analysis, trend analysis, and WGCNA, consistently highlighted fatty acid metabolism as the central pathway in pheromone biosynthesis and revealed hexadecanoic acid as a critical precursor. Third, cuticular transcriptome sequencing identified 72 pheromone biosynthesis genes, with bioinformatic analyses further confirming the dominant role of fatty acid metabolism. Notably, ELO5 exhibited high connectivity within the protein interaction network, suggesting a critical regulatory role. Integrated metabolomic–transcriptomic analyses revealed coordinated gene–metabolite interactions. RNAi experiments further confirmed the critical role of the <em>MsalELO5</em> in pheromone biosynthesis. Overall, this study identifies key genes and precursor metabolites, advancing our understanding of pheromone biosynthesis and supporting the development of pheromone-based pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the chemical burden: 2020–2025 insights into pesticide toxicity, risk assessment, mitigation strategies, and future prospects in honey bees (Apis spp.)","authors":"Sumit Singh ,&nbsp;Chen Zexian ,&nbsp;Farrakh Mehboob ,&nbsp;Shaoying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees are vital ecological and economic pollinators whose services and hive-derived products support global food production and ecosystem health. However, their populations have declined sharply in recent decades, with pesticides emerging as one of the most critical chemical stressors. Although multiple bee taxa exhibit species-specific sensitivities to pesticides, the present review focuses specifically on honey bees (<em>Apis</em> spp.) and synthesizes studies published between 2020 and 2025 to evaluate the detrimental impacts of pesticides on honey bee health and the underlying mechanisms. We summarize the major environmental exposure pathways and the key toxicity processes, including acute and chronic effects, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunosuppression and transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations. These molecular and physiological disruptions, collectively, contribute to colony-level consequences such as impaired foraging behavior or memory, reduced reproductive fitness, brood abnormalities, and eventual colony collapse. We also examine how pesticide exposure interacts synergistically with other environmental stressors such as pathogens, poor nutrition, and climate extremes. Recent advances in detection and risk assessment, including omics-based biomarkers and computational models, are also highlighted, alongside key strategies that can be implemented to mitigate pesticide impacts. By integrating the most recent multidisciplinary evidence, this review provides an updated, comprehensive framework that identifies critical knowledge gaps and outlines future research priorities essential for safeguarding pollinators in an era of increasing chemical and environmental pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile organic compounds of Enterobacter asburiae SA-9 suppress Meloidogyne graminicola in Rice via multiple mechanisms","authors":"Shan Ye ,&nbsp;Chenxi Xiang ,&nbsp;Beibei Luo ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Jinglei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhuhong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rice root-knot nematode <em>Meloidogyne graminicola</em> causes severe yield losses in rice production, requiring eco-friendly control measures. Here, we isolated <em>Enterobacter asburiae</em> SA-9 from rice rhizosphere soil and evaluated the biocontrol potential of its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against <em>M. graminicola</em>. In vitro, SA-9 VOCs exhibited potent fumigant activity, causing high mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and significant inhibition of egg hatching. Chemotaxis assays showed that SA-9 disrupted nematode chemotaxis through repellent activity. Further investigations revealed that exposure to SA-9 VOCs significantly downregulated key chemosensory genes (<em>Mg-odr-1</em>, <em>Mg-odr-3</em>, <em>Mg-osm-9</em>, <em>Mg-tax-4</em>) in J2s, impairing their host-seeking and infection abilities. In double-layered pot, SA-9 VOCs effectively reduced root gall index and nematode populations, while concurrently promoting rice growth, accompanied by upregulation of auxin (<em>OsAUX1</em>, <em>OsYUCCA1</em>) and gibberellin (<em>OsGID1</em>) biosynthesis-related genes. Furthermore, SA-9 VOCs induced genes related to systemic resistance in rice, as evidenced by the increased expression of defense-related genes in the salicylic acid (<em>OsPR1a</em>, <em>OsWRKY45</em>) and jasmonic acid (<em>OsAOS2</em>, <em>OsMYC2</em>) signaling pathways. SPME-GC–MS profiling identified 11 VOCs produced by SA-9, with 2-phenylethanol, 2-methylbutyric acid, isobutyric acid and propanoic acid exhibiting significant contact and fumigation nematicidal activities against J2s. These findings demonstrate that SA-9 VOCs suppress <em>M. graminicola</em> through multiple mechanisms, highlighting their potential as sustainable biocontrol agents for managing root-knot nematodes in rice agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effects of spraying nanomaterial-encapsulated dsRNA targeting the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene on the growth and reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Ye Han ,&nbsp;Fan Zhong ,&nbsp;Yuya Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Lv ,&nbsp;Bin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> stands as one of the most notorious pests plaguing global agriculture. Given the emergence of resistance to chemical pesticides in this pest population, there is a pressing demand for the development of innovative, eco-friendly biopesticides for its effective management. Biopesticides harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) technology hold great promise due to their inherent specificity and target selectivity. However, the core functional component of such RNAi-based products, naked or unmodified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), suffers from critical inherent limitations. Specifically, when sprayed under field conditions, naked dsRNA is prone to degradation by nucleases, damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and displacement by rainfall. To address these drawbacks, nanomaterial encapsulation has been proposed as a robust delivery strategy to bolster dsRNA stability, enhance its intracellular uptake, and improve delivery efficiency within target organisms. Building on this approach, we utilized RNAi technology with nanomaterial-encapsulated dsRNA to specifically target the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (<em>TPS</em>) in <em>N. lugens</em>. Specifically, we encapsulated dsRNA targeting the <em>TPS</em> gene using a variety of nanomaterials, and subsequently assessed the impact of these nanomaterials-encapsulated dsRNA formulations on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of <em>N. lugens</em>. Our findings revealed that dsRNA encapsulated within nanomaterials markedly extended the duration of gene silencing effects. Moreover, the adsorption efficiency of the encapsulated dsRNA onto rice roots was significantly improved. After spray application, these encapsulated dsRNA formulations effectively retarded the growth and developmental progression of <em>N. lugens</em> and suppressed its reproductive performance, resulting in a notable decline in both egg production and hatching success rates. This study can control pesticide-resistant brown planthopper populations and exhibits potential for ecologically friendly pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Identification of an α-galactosidase with high affinity and synergistic activity against Bacillus thuringiensis App6Aa2 toxin in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology volume 208 (2025) 106282/250305–004316]","authors":"Yajie Guo ,&nbsp;Yanyue Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Mingqing Weng ,&nbsp;Yunzhu Sun ,&nbsp;Songqing Wu ,&nbsp;Chunlan Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106925","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6 and regulates hyphal development, stress tolerance, trap morphogenesis, and pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora","authors":"Na Bai ,&nbsp;Hui Yuan ,&nbsp;Guiqiu Luo ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Meihua Xie ,&nbsp;Jinkui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The APSES family proteins, specific to fungi, regulate growth, development, and various biological processes. As a typical nematode-trapping fungus, <em>Arthrobotrys oligospora</em> has been extensively studied to understand the mechanism of trap formation. In this study, AoMbp1, an ortholog of the <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> APSES-type transcription factor Mbp1, was functionally characterized in <em>A. oligospora</em>. <em>Aombp1</em> inactivation caused severe defects in mycelial growth and development. Specifically, the ∆<em>Aombp1</em> mutant exhibited significantly reduced growth, increased hyphal septation and lipid droplet accumulation, and a marked decrease in nuclear numbers. Moreover, it showed substantially reduced conidiophore production and spore yield, along with abnormal spore morphology. Sensitivity to various chemical stressors, particularly hyperosmotic agents, was heightened, whereas trap formation and nematode predation ability were significantly impaired. The traps lost their original three-dimensional structure and adopted a planar shape. Further, RNA sequencing, DNA affinity purification sequencing, and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6, another APSES protein. Together, they participate in regulating the cell cycle, meiosis, lipid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair. Collectively, these findings clarify the role and underlying mechanisms of Mbp1 in mycelial development and trap morphogenesis in nematode-trapping fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}