Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Microbial degradation of thifensulfuron-methyl by Klebsiella grimontii ES8 and its degradative enzyme kg-RutF: Mechanistic insights and bioremediation potential","authors":"Yufeng Xiao ,&nbsp;Shengbo Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Wei ,&nbsp;Bingbing Yang ,&nbsp;Minghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Chuqing Shan ,&nbsp;Hongyu Pan ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of pesticides poses an increasing threat to agricultural production and environmental safety. Improper application of thifensulfuron-methyl has resulted in persistent environmental contamination. Microbial degradation is an economical and environmentally friendly strategy for its removal. Under controlled conditions (30 °C, pH 7.0, 1% inoculum, and an initial concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹), <em>Klebsiella grimontii</em> ES8 achieved a degradation efficiency of 92.27%. Upon thifensulfuron-methyl exposure, strain ES8 exhibited elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which were alleviated by the activation of redox-related defense enzymes. Potential degradation-related genes were screened using RT-qPCR and bioinformatic analysis, revealing that <em>Kg-sulA</em> and <em>Kg-rutF</em> were upregulated by 13.55-fold and 22.36-fold, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that <em>Kg-rutF</em> encoded a functional enzyme involved in thifensulfuron-methyl degradation. Heterologous expression and enzymatic characterization demonstrated that Kg-RutF exhibited V_max of 57.5 μM min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ and K_m of 7.41 μM, indicating strong substrate affinity. The enzyme maintained activity under elevated temperature (60 °C), alkaline conditions, high substrate concentrations, and in the presence of Pb²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Gly151 as a critical residue, with the G151A mutant retaining only 22.26% of wild-type activity. Furthermore, thifensulfuron-methyl was transformed into thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, expanding the proposed degradation pathway. Bioremediation experiments showed that strain ES8 and Kg-RutF degraded 77.95% and 53.75% of thifensulfuron-methyl in contaminated soil, respectively, confirming their remediation efficacy. Collectively, these results provide insights into the microbial degradation and bioremediation of thifensulfuron-methyl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burkholderia seminalis suppresses Fusarium wilt infection in banana by modulating cell wall integrity","authors":"Shazma Gulzar ,&nbsp;Yaxin Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Fiona Fei ,&nbsp;Zan Yi ,&nbsp;Chunxia Huang ,&nbsp;Rahat Sharif ,&nbsp;Zhihui Long ,&nbsp;Yisha Lu ,&nbsp;Huiling Zhan ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium wilt, instigated <em>via Fusarium oxysporum</em>, remains a major constraint to banana cultivation worldwide. Biological control is considered one of the most eco-friendly disease control methods. It is well known that plant cell wall (CW) plays a key role in plant disease resistance. However, the mechanism of host CW-mediated disease resistance induced by advantageous bacteria is still largely unexplored. The present study evaluated the potential mechanism of banana CW-mediated conferred by a natively isolated <em>Burkholderia seminalis</em> (strain 2–56) to suppress <em>Foc</em> race 4 (<em>Foc</em> 4) infection. Inoculation of 2–56 enhanced plant biomass and achieved 56.4% disease control efficacy by decreasing ROS production and stimulating the activities of PAL, SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes in banana upon <em>Foc</em> 4 infection. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of MAPK signaling pathways-plant, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction, underpinning the strain's biocontrol efficiency. The notable accumulated GO items were mostly associated with CW and photosynthesis, including oligosaccharide biosynthetic process and aminoglycan biosynthetic process. Interestingly, the inoculation of strain 2–56 increased the expression of lectins, and pectin biosynthetic genes while inhibiting the extensins and glycine-rich protein genes in <em>Foc</em> 4-infected bananas. Additionally, the epitopes for homogalacturonan (CCRC-M34/M38/JIM5) and RGII (CCRC-M82) increased, while those for AGPs (JIM8/LM2) decreased. Our results offer novel insights into biocontrol mechanisms linked to host CW remodeling and laid the groundwork for forthcoming usage of strain 2–56 in the biological management of banana Fusarium wilt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(+)-Catechin from Prunus padus disrupts detoxification pathways and provides field-level control of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi","authors":"Wenhua Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Yuan ,&nbsp;Linhai Xia ,&nbsp;Ni Wang ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Tang ,&nbsp;Jaime C. Piñero ,&nbsp;Xiong Peng ,&nbsp;Maohua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived compounds, which act through diverse biochemical pathways, can be used for pest insect control to help reduce the risk of insecticide resistance. Here, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of (+)-catechin, isolated from <em>Prunus padus</em>, against the bird cherry–oat aphid (<em>Rhopalosiphum padi</em>), a major cereal pest worldwide. (+)-catechin significantly reduced aphid survival, with an LC₅₀ of 2.99 mg/L at 48 h, and suppressed reproduction, lowering total fecundity by 34% at sublethal doses. Sublethal exposure also shortened adult longevity and the reproductive period. Transcriptomic analyses revealed strong induction of detoxification-related genes, particularly UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and cytochrome P450s. Enzyme assays confirmed elevated P450 and UGT activity but reduced activities of glutathione S-transferase and ATP-binding cassette transporter, suggesting a dual mode of action that overwhelms detoxification capacity. RNA interference validated the key roles of <em>RpUGT344D5</em> and <em>RpCYP15A1</em>, whose knockdown lowered LC₅₀ values by 76% and 39%, respectively, whereas <em>RpCYP4CH8</em> knockdown had no effect. Field trials showed that foliar applications of (+)-catechin reduced aphid populations by up to 84%, with efficacy comparable to imidacloprid. Non-target assays indicated ≤5% mortality of the predator <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>. Taken together, these results demonstrate that (+)-catechin disrupts detoxification pathways and suppresses aphid population growth under both laboratory and field conditions, indicating it as a botanical insecticide candidate for integration into sustainable management of <em>R. padi</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium-mediated amelioration of profenofos toxicity in the Cyanobacteria Fischerella and Anabaena","authors":"Samujjal Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Sindhunath Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Balkrishna Tiwari ,&nbsp;Satya Shila Singh ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Profenofos is a widely used organophosphate pesticide with environmental persistence and toxic effects on non-targeted organisms. Being natural inhabitant of agricultural fields, cyanobacteria are regularly exposed to pesticides and can be used for bioremediation citing their resilience and metabolic plasticity. But, their physiological response against profenofos remains unstudied. Therefore, assessing their tolerance and potential enhancers that can amplify resistance is essential for effective application. Hence, we investigated the detrimental effects of profenofos on two paddy field dwelling cyanobacteria, <em>Fischerella</em> sp. lmga1 and <em>Anabaena sphaerica</em>, and evaluated their physiological responses to the profenofos. Further, we observed calcium mediated amelioration of profenofos stress in cyanobacteria. Both strains possessed <em>ophB</em>-like genes encoding organophosphate hydrolases. <em>Fischerella</em> showed 1.8-fold transcriptional induction of <em>ophB</em> and stronger profenofos binding (−6.1 kcal mol⁻¹) compared to <em>Anabaena</em> (−5.8 kcal mol⁻¹). Under 0.5 μM profenofos, <em>Fischerella</em> retained 26 % higher viability, 24 % more chlorophyll <em>a</em>, and higher antioxidant enzyme activity. It also preserved unsaturated fatty acids and produced hydrocarbons, supporting membrane integrity. <em>Anabaena</em> was more sensitive but responded well to calcium co-treatment. With 5 mM CaCl₂, viability increased by 27 %, photosynthetic efficacy improved by 33 %, and ROS levels decreased by 60 %. Calcium also restored phycocyanin, proline, and glutathione levels in <em>Anabaena</em>. In contrast, <em>Fischerella</em> relied on intrinsic defense and remained relatively less responsive to calcium. These findings demonstrate distinct stress response strategies. <em>Fischerella</em> exhibited stronger tolerance, while <em>Anabaena</em> benefits from calcium mediated resilience. This study provides physiological insights into cyanobacteria-assisted detoxification of organophosphates and lays the foundation for developing sustainable, calcium-augmented bioremediation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BmC-LZM-like2/4 mediates antiviral defense against BmNPV via dorsal pathway","authors":"Junming Xia ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Shigang Fei ,&nbsp;Yigui Huang ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Lin ,&nbsp;Luc Swevers ,&nbsp;Min Feng ,&nbsp;Jingchen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a typical baculovirus, is a major pathogen infecting lepidopteran insects and serves as an eco-friendly biopesticide with high biological safety. Studying the interactions between <em>Bombyx mori</em> and baculovirus infection in lepidopteran models will provide valuable insights for improving pest control efficacy while mitigating economic losses in sericulture caused by pesticide overuse. Lysozyme, a widely distributed antibacterial enzyme in both vertebrates and invertebrates, functions as a classic immune effector. Although multiple lysozymes have been identified in <em>B. mori</em>, their specific roles in combating <em>Bombyx mori</em> nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) remain uncharacterized. In this study, we characterized the seven known lysozymes in <em>B. mori</em> and confirmed that all members exhibit conserved structural features typical of the lysozyme family. Interestingly, BmC-LZM-like4 is atypical among lysozyme genes, as it is intronless and contains an extended C-terminal sequence. Following BmNPV infection, the expression levels of BmC-LZM-like2 and BmC-LZM-like4 were significantly upregulated. Functional validation through RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression assays demonstrated that both BmC-LZM-like2 and BmC-LZM-like4 suppress BmNPV proliferation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their critical roles in the antiviral response. Furthermore, we investigated the potential regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of these lysozymes. Our findings indicate that the Dorsal-mediated signaling pathway may be involved in modulating the expression of BmC-LZM-like2 and BmC-LZM-like4. These data indicate that <em>B. mori</em> lysozyme family members BmC-LZM-like2 and BmC-LZM-like4 may be transcriptionally activated via the Dorsal-mediated signaling pathway, thereby exerting antiviral effects against baculovirus proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil type regulates the development and insecticide susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda by modulating maize growth and nutritional content","authors":"Shi-Wen Deng ,&nbsp;Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki ,&nbsp;Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hafeez ,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Li ,&nbsp;Rui-Long Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, is a globally significant invasive agricultural pest. Soil type is a key environmental factor. However, how soil affects the development and insecticide sensitivity of this pest through the host plant remains unclear. This study investigated maize growth and nutritional status under three soil types (latosolic red soil, cinnamon soil, and black soil) and assessed the corresponding effects on the development and insecticide sensitivity of <em>S. frugiperda</em> feeding on the maize. Results showed that, compared to maize grown in relatively infertile latosolic red soil, cultivation in cinnamon or black soil significantly enhanced maize biomass accumulation and leaf nutrient levels. Larvae reared on maize from cinnamon or black soil exhibited significantly higher survival rates and improved food digestibility, alongside prolonged larval development but shorter adult longevity, compared to those fed on latosolic red soil maize. Furthermore, larval body weight increased substantially (by 37.34–54.92% at the 4th instar), while susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin decreased, evidenced by 1.64–1.97 times higher LC₅₀ values. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between LC₅₀ and larval weight (<em>p</em> = 0.014, R² = 0.99). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed an indirect effect of soil on LC₅₀ (indirect effect = 0.834). Random Forest modeling and amino acid supplementation experiments further identified leucine and valine as the key nutritional factors mediating these effects. This study reveals the complex soil-pest-insecticide susceptibility relationship and underscores the importance of integrating soil properties into integrated pest management. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing precise and quantitative pest control strategies tailored to specific field soil conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depleting SfCarE: Innovative strategies for enhancing chlorantraniliprole toxicity through mixing with carbaryl in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Qinqin Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangshuai Li ,&nbsp;Pei Liang ,&nbsp;Changhui Rui ,&nbsp;Huizhu Yuan ,&nbsp;Li Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustained application of insecticides has led to the development of resistance. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play important roles in the resistance and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. In this study, the key <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> CarEs gene, <em>SfCarE</em>, was identified. <em>SfCarE</em> was highly expressed at the 4th instar and in the midgut of the 6th instar larvae. Knockdown of <em>SfCarE</em> resulted in significant decrease in CarE activity and an increase in susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole, as well as to the mixture of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. Metabolic assays demonstrated that the SfCarE protein can metabolize both carbaryl and chlorantraniliprole, while carbaryl can effectively slow down the metabolism of chlorantraniliprole, thereby increasing its retention and insecticidal effect. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the predominant modes of interaction between SfCarE and the compounds were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Additionally, carbaryl exhibited a higher degree of stability in binding with SfCarE than chlorantraniliprole. Therefore, carbaryl was preferentially metabolized by SfCarE, which protecting chlorantraniliprole from metabolism. In summary, this study preliminarily reveals a synergistic mechanism in which the metabolic rate of chlorantraniliprole is reduced when combined with carbaryl. This research demonstrated that the SfCarE-mediated metabolic and synergistic interactions between chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl may provide valuable insights for the development of novel insecticidal combinations for integrated resistance management (IRM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis JLU-53 against Cochliobolus heterostrophus in maize","authors":"Maoxiang Li ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Jia ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Tian,&nbsp;Longhao Su,&nbsp;Hongran Tian,&nbsp;Guining Liu,&nbsp;Jun Hu,&nbsp;Xianghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), a globally cultivated staple grain and economically significant crop, is highly susceptible to Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), a disease caused by <em>Cochliobolus heterostrophus.</em> This pathogen can lead to substantial losses in both yield and grain quality during the growing season. In this study, <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> strain JLU-53 was identified as a promising biocontrol agent against <em>C. heterostrophus</em>. JLU-53 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against several phytopathogens, including <em>C. heterostrophus</em>, <em>Setosphaeria turcica</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em>. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and phenotypic assays confirmed the strain's capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, protease, and amylase, as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Whole-genome sequencing of JLU-53 identified 13 putative biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Further analysis of secondary metabolites confirmed the production of bacillomycin, macrolactin, and amicoumacin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that JLU-53 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, conidial germination, and appressorium formation of <em>C. heterostrophus</em>, thereby suppressing lesion development of maize leaves. In planta application of JLU-53 activated key defense-related genes in maize, enhanced host resistance, and markedly reduced disease symptoms. These findings indicate that <em>B. velezensis</em> JLU-53 exerts its biocontrol activity through dual mechanisms—direct antagonism and induction of systemic resistance—highlighting its potential as a sustainable and effective biocontrol agent for managing SCLB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aedes albopictus CYP6Z8 metabolizes multiple AChE-inhibiting insecticides","authors":"Yuhan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zhou ,&nbsp;Mei Li ,&nbsp;Xinghui Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asian tiger mosquito <em>Aedes albopictus</em> transmits several arboviruses, including chikungunya, Zika, and dengue, posing serious public health threats. The excessive use of insecticides has led to increasing resistance to commonly applied insecticides in this species. We previously observed that enhanced expression of a CYP6Z8 homolog (AalbCYP6Z8) was associated with insecticide resistance in two field populations of <em>Ae. albopictus</em>; however, its capacity in insecticide metabolism had not been biochemically characterized. In this study, to explore the potential role of AalbCYP6Z8 in insecticide metabolism, a fully functional enzyme system was reconstituted <em>in vitro</em> by using <em>Escherichia coli</em>–produced recombinant AalbCYP6Z8 and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase along with cytochrome <em>b</em>5. Our metabolism assays showed that CYP6Z8 was capable of metabolizing organophosphates (temephos and malathion) and carbamates (propoxur and bendiocarb), but not pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin). Mass spectrometry analyses tentatively identified the structures of specific metabolites, revealing that AalbCYP6Z8 transforms organophosphates through oxidative desulfurization and carbamates through dealkylation and hydroxylation. This work demonstrates that AalbCYP6Z8 is a versatile metabolizer of acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of abamectin sublethal doses on the invasive pest Tuta absoluta: Integration of population parameters and transcriptome analysis","authors":"Shouyin Hu ,&nbsp;Feichen Ming ,&nbsp;Nan Gu ,&nbsp;Zhaojiang Guo ,&nbsp;Youjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Youssef Dewer ,&nbsp;Shaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tomato pinworm, <em>Tuta absoluta</em> (Meyrick), is a destructive invasive pest of tomato worldwide. In this study, we combined sublethal bioassays with transcriptomic profiling to assess the transgenerational impacts of abamectin and to identify genes associated with development, reproduction, and detoxification. Exposure to LC₁₀ and LC₂₀ significantly delayed development in the parental generation and reduced pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity. These adverse effects carried over to the offspring, which exhibited prolonged pupal duration, reduced reproduction, and lower population parameters compared with the control. RNA-seq analysis revealed 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared across treatments, with 34 upregulated and 48 downregulated. Developmental (<em>JHBP</em>) and reproductive (<em>Vg</em>, <em>VgR</em>) genes were strongly suppressed, while detoxification-related genes, such as cytochrome P450s, were significantly upregulated. Functional validation through RNAi-mediated silencing of <em>CYP304F1</em> or <em>CYP339A1</em> resulted in significantly increased abamectin-induced mortality compared to controls, confirming their involvement in abamectin detoxification. These results demonstrate that abamectin exerts transgenerational sublethal effects on <em>T. absoluta</em>, reducing fecundity but enhancing detoxification capacity, suggesting a fitness trade-off. This study provides molecular insights into the ecological consequences of abamectin exposure and supports its potential role as a component of integrated pest management strategies against <em>T. absoluta</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}