Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Rho4 interacts with BbGDI and is essential for the biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana by maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis","authors":"Zhenyu Zou ,&nbsp;Xiaonuo Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Weng ,&nbsp;Yuhan Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Guan ,&nbsp;Longbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rho4 is a member of the Rho-family small GTPases. In this study, we revealed the function of Rho4 and explored its mechanism involved in intracellular redox homeostasis in <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, one of the most widely utilized filamentous entomopathogenic fungi. The disruption of Rho4 in <em>B. bassiana</em> resulted in significant phenotypic changes, such as fungal virulence, growth rate on different media, thermotolerance, germination, and conidiation. Integrated analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data unveiled differential expression patterns of various redox-related genes and proteins in Δ<em>rho4</em>, including the down-regulation of GST shown in proteomic and transcriptomic data, and the down-regulated gene expression levels of NOX, SOD, CAT, and GR in the transcriptome. Based on the bi-omics analysis, we focused on the impact of Rho4 in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. A decreased ROS content observed in Δ<em>rho4</em> might be attributed to the reduced NOX activity, which subsequently affects the GSH-producing/consuming metabolisms, with the attenuated activities of GR and GST. The imbalanced redox homeostasis also resulted in the reduced enzyme activities of SOD and CAT. Exogenous oxides could partially complement the ROS level and rescue the growth defect in Δ<em>rho4</em> to a certain extent. Besides, BbGDI was initially identified as an interacting protein of Rho4 in entomopathogenic fungi. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulating mechanism of Rho4 in <em>B. bassiana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in silico assessment of cytotoxicity of dinitramine via calcium dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary glands","authors":"Woonghee Lee ,&nbsp;Garam An ,&nbsp;Jinyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Hojun Lee ,&nbsp;Whasun Lim ,&nbsp;Gwonhwa Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The herbicide market is expanding rapidly due to the global increase in herbicide usage. Dairy cows are susceptible to herbicide exposure through the ingestion of contaminated plants, which can adversely affect the mammary gland health and reduce milk production. Dinitramine, a synthetic herbicide in the dinitroaniline family, is typically used to control weeds by inhibiting their sprouting and root development. While previous studies have demonstrated the cytotoxicity of dinitramine in aquatic organisms, research on its toxicity in cattle is limited. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used to verify the detrimental effects on dairy cows, especially on the mammary glands. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells and examined various cellular responses to dinitramine treatment, including alterations in apoptotic cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dysregulation. Moreover, the expression levels of AKT and MAPK signaling proteins were confirmed in response to dinitramine treatment. Alterations in the mRNA levels of genes related to milk production and inflammatory response following dinitramine exposure were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Finally, we assessed the binding affinity between dinitramine and the target proteins using <em>in silico</em> molecular docking analysis. Overall, the cumulative evidence of the various toxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells suggests its potential to reduce both milk yield and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into zinc alleviating renal toxicity of arsenic-exposed carp (Cyprinus carpio) through YAP-TFR/ROS signaling pathway","authors":"Hongmin Lu,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Ruoqi Wang,&nbsp;Tiantian Guo,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Hongjing Zhao,&nbsp;Mingwei Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution caused by arsenic or its compounds is called arsenic pollution. Arsenic pollution mainly comes from people mining and smelting arsenic compounds. In addition, arsenic compounds' widespread use and production of arsenic-containing pesticides, arsenic-rich water used to irrigate farms, or high arsenic levels in foods caused by coal burning are all sources of arsenic contamination. Arsenic contamination poses a significant threat to global public health. It is reported that exposure to arsenic can induce severe renal injury. However, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified. In this study, the arsenic exposure model in vivo and in vitro was used to explore the mechanism of arsenic-induced renal injury, especially the role of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanism, and then to evaluate its anti-pollution effect by supplementing zinc. The results showed that arsenic significantly induced ferroptosis, characterized by up-regulating the expression of YAP and TFR in kidney and CIK cells and then increasing the levels of Fe²⁺ and ROS, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism. Microscopic observation revealed the shrinkage of mitochondria and the increase in membrane density. In addition, molecular docking and inhibitor experiments further confirmed that arsenic is involved in the process of ferroptosis by activating YAP and TFR. These results clarify the harmful effects of arsenic on carp kidneys and its mechanism and highlight the critical interactions between the YAP-TFR pathway, ROS, and ferroptosis. Importantly, this study found that zinc can reduce ferroptosis caused by the arsenic-activated YAP-TFR pathway by inhibiting YAP activation and lipid peroxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of the decreased cuticular penetration mechanism of fluralaner resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica","authors":"Jeffrey G. Scott ,&nbsp;Oshneil S. Baker ,&nbsp;Anastacia E. Dressel ,&nbsp;Rachel H. Norris ,&nbsp;Edwin R. Burgess IV","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decreased cuticular penetration has been documented as a mechanism of resistance in several insects, yet this mechanism remains poorly understood. Levels of resistance conferred, effects of the physicochemical properties on the manifestation of resistance and the effects of different routes of exposure are largely unknown. We recently selected a strain (FlurR) of house fly that was &gt;11,000-fold resistance to fluralaner, and decreased cuticular penetration was one of the mechanisms of resistance (<span><span>Norris et al., 2023</span></span>). We sought to isolate the decreased penetration mechanism from FlurR into the background of the susceptible aabys strain, and to characterize the protection it conferred to fluralaner and other insecticides. We successfully isolated the decreased penetration mechanism and found that it conferred 7.1-fold resistance to fluralaner, and 1.4- to 4.9-fold cross-resistance to five other insecticides by topical application. Neither mass, metabolic lability, vapor pressure, nor logP explained the differences in the resistance ratios. The mechanism also conferred cross resistance by residual and feeding exposure, although at reduced levels compared to topical application. Remaining data gaps in our understanding of this mechanism are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi-mediated silencing of transferrin promotes entomopathogens lethality in Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yujingyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Fang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transferrin (Tsf) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein involved in insect physiology, defense and development that has been developed as a novel RNA interference (RNAi)-based target for pest control. The function study of the <em>Tsf</em> gene in <em>Odontotermes formosanu</em> (Shiraki) was evaluated for synergistic control of this agroforestry pest with <em>Serratia marcescens</em> (SM1), <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) or <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> (Bb). The <em>Tsf</em> gene of <em>O. formosanus</em> was identified and characterized. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that <em>OfTsf</em> was most highly expressed in the male dealate of <em>O. formosanus</em>, and <em>OfTsf</em> was highly expressed in the hemolymph. <em>OfTsf</em> expression was considerably elevated after SM1, Bt or Bb infection. Furthermore, ds<em>OfTsf</em> treatment was effective in increasing the virulence of entomopathogens to <em>O. formosanus</em>. In addition, <em>OfTsf</em> expression was markedly upregulated in <em>O. formosanus</em> fed with oxidative stress inducers; reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly increased after ds<em>OfTsf</em> treatment. Therefore, <em>OfTsf</em> gene played an important role in defending against entomopathogen infection and antioxidant stress. Most importantly, our work suggested <em>OfTsf</em> as a potential RNAi target for the control of <em>O. formosanus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and functional analysis of genes mediating emamectin benzoate action to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)","authors":"Xiaofang Huang ,&nbsp;Quan Li ,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Wenyi Liu,&nbsp;Kai Guo,&nbsp;Jiafu Hu,&nbsp;Hudie Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a highly effective and low-toxicity pesticide for the control of <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>. However, its action mechanism in <em>B. xylophilus</em> has not yet been verified. Here, the genes (<em>Bxy-glc-1</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-2</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-4</em>, and <em>Bxy-avr-14</em>) encoding the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) of <em>B. xylophilus</em> were analysed and cloned. Functional validation of the target genes was conducted using RNAi and pathogenicity detection assays. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that the four <em>GluCl</em> genes contained the Cys-loop region and three transmembrane structural domains. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation predictions revealed that BXY-GLC-2, BXY-GLC-4, and BXY-GLC-1 all had strong binding affinities to EB, and BXY-AVR-14 had no binding affinity to EB. The expression and <em>in situ</em> hybridisation of <em>Bxy-glc-1</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-2</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-4</em>, and <em>Bxy-avr-14</em> was significantly higher in adult <em>B. xylophilus</em> than at other developmental stages. Interference of <em>Bxy-glc-1</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-2</em>, and <em>Bxy-glc-4</em> significantly reduced adult mortality relative to the control group, and interference of <em>Bxy-avr-14</em> did not have a significant on adult mortality. Adult mortality was lowest in the combined <em>Bxy-glc-2</em> + <em>Bxy-glc-4</em> treatment group, followed by the <em>Bxy-glc-1</em> + <em>Bxy-glc-2</em> and <em>Bxy-glc-1</em> + <em>Bxy-glc-4</em> groups. No significant changes were observed in the mortality rate of the <em>Bxy-avr-14</em> group and the combination of the other three genes. The ds<em>Bxy-glc-1</em>, ds<em>Bxy-glc-2</em>, and ds<em>Bxy-glc-4</em> groups accelerated the progression of pine wilt disease induced by EB relative to the sole EB-treated group. Our results confirmed that <em>Bxy-glc-1</em>, <em>Bxy-glc-2</em>, and <em>Bxy-glc-4</em> are target genes of GluCl in <em>B. xylophilus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Characterization of the fludioxonil and phenamacril dual resistant mutants of Fusarium graminearum” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 200 (2024) 105815]","authors":"Ziyue Wen ,&nbsp;Yueqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Youfu Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenyong Shao ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357524003766/pdfft?md5=7245943795383d639dc4a321311170c3&pid=1-s2.0-S0048357524003766-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and 1H NMR-based metabolome to explore the potential mechanism of Spodoptera litura in response to flupyrimin","authors":"Xiao-Fang Yuan ,&nbsp;Hong Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhao-Ying Xia ,&nbsp;Zhan-Jun Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-Xue Liu ,&nbsp;Gu-Chun Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Ming-Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Hai-Zhong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flupyrimin (FLP) is a novel class of insecticide acting on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and shows robust insecticidal activity. However, the toxicological effects of FLP on <em>Spodoptera litura</em> have not been revealed. In this study, the results showed that the larval survival rate decreased significantly with increasing concentration of FLP. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that FLP exposure damages the structure of the larval midgut. Additionally, FLP treatments significantly increased the activities of detoxification (GST and CarE) and digestive (α-Amylase and Trypsin) enzymes and reduced lipase activity. Transcriptome sequencing identified 855, 1493 and 735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after exposure to 3 mM FLP, respectively. Gene function enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly related to fatty acid metabolic, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. The DEGs associated with food digestion and detoxification was validated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, a total of fifteen energy-related metabolites were identified, among which thirteen metabolisms were significantly influenced after FLP treatment based on ¹H NMR-based metabolome analysis, including tyrosine, glucose, trehalose, malate, threonine, proline, glycine, lysine, citrate, alanine, lactate, valine, and leucine. Taken together, these results provide useful information for revealing the toxicological effect of FLP against <em>S. litura</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flupyradifurone activates DUM neuron nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium through the ryanodine receptors","authors":"Maria Taha ,&nbsp;Alison Cartereau ,&nbsp;Emiliane Taillebois ,&nbsp;Steeve H. Thany","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are transmembrane receptors that play a key role in the development and synaptic plasticity of both vertebrates and invertebrates, and are considered to be major targets of several insecticides. We used dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, which are insect neurosecretory cells, to explore what type of nAChRs are involved in flupyradifurone's (FLU) mode of action, and to study the role of calcium release from intracellular stores in this process. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and fura-2-AM calcium imaging techniques, we found that inhibition of IP₃Rs through application of 2-APB reduced FLU inward currents, but did not affect the intracellular calcium release induced by FLU. In contrast, inhibition of RyRs using ryanodine, led to reduction of intracellular calcium increase following FLU pulse application. These results suggested that FLU inward currents are likely due to a combination of the direct effects of FLU on DUM neuron nAChRs and the subsequent calcium release from RyRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-toxicological effect of fipronil to plant seedlings: Assessing germination attributes, root-tip morphology, oxidative stress, and cellular respiration indices","authors":"Mohammad Shahid ,&nbsp;Udai B. Singh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abul Farah ,&nbsp;Khalid Mashay Al-Anazi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides including insecticides are applied in agricultural practices to control insect pests. However, their excessive usage often poses a severe threat to the growth, physiology, and biochemistry of plants. Here, responses of chickpea and greengram seedlings exposed to three fipronil (FIP) concentrations i. e. 100 (1×), 200 (2×) and 300 (3×) μg mL⁻¹ was evaluated under in vitro. Among doses, 3× had a greater negative impact on germination attributes, root-shoot elongation, vigor indices, length ratios, and survival of seedlings. Besides, the morphological distortion in root tips, oxidative stress generation, and cellular death in fipronil-supplemented root seedlings were observed under scanning electron (SEM) and confocal laser scanning (CLSM), respectively. A significant (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) and pronounced upsurge in plant stressor metabolites such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content, and antioxidants enzymes in plant seedlings further confirmed the fipronil toxicity. In addition, a concentration-dependent decrease in respiration efficiency (RE) and ATP content in FIP-treated seedlings was observed. Reduced mitotic index (MI) and numerous chromosomal anomalies (CAs) in root meristematic cells of seedlings are a clear indication of insecticide-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in root meristematic cells of greengram revealed the genotoxic potential of fipronil. Conclusively, fipronil suggested phyto and cyto-genotoxic effects that emphasize their careful monitoring in soils before application and their optimum addition in soil-plant systems. It is high time to prepare both target-specific and slow-released agrochemical formulations for crop protection with concurrent safeguarding of the soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}