Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing pesticide-biocontrol agent compatibility: A metadata-based review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexities of non-target effects of registered pesticides on biocontrol agents (BCAs) hinder the optimization of integrated pest management programs in agriculture. The wealth of literature on BCA-pesticide compatibility allows for the investigation of factors influencing BCA susceptibility and the generalized impacts of different pesticides. We conducted a meta-analysis using 2088 observations from 122 published articles to assess non-target effects on two phytoseiid species (<em>Neoseiulus californicus</em> and <em>Phytoseiulus persimilis</em>), a parasitoid (<em>Encarsia formosa</em>), and two microbial BCAs (<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> and <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>). We explored the contributions of bioassay factors (exposure duration, temperature, test methods, mode of actions (MOA), and type of pesticide), and simulated effects of compatibility on target pests. MOA groups 21 and 6 were the most harmful to predatory mites and <em>E. formosa</em>, increasing mortality during pesticide-BCA compatibility. Exposure duration, temperature, and test methods were identified as the most influential factors increasing mortality in phytoseiids during pesticide exposure. Insecticides and fungicides were the most represented and harmful groups to BCAs. Although most bioassays were conducted at room temperature, temperatures between 21 and 22 °C were the most harmful to phytoseiids and <em>E. formosa</em> during toxicity assays. Exposure durations of 1–3 days (54–85 %) for predators/parasitoids and 1–5 days (&gt;50 %) for microbial BCAs highlight the lack of data on long-term impacts. In assessing pesticide impacts on target pests, pesticides with compatible concentrations above mean LC50 values were more effective. This study not only identified compatibility trends but also highlighted factors responsible for discrepancies in results and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two critical detoxification enzyme genes, NlCYP301B1 and NlGSTm2 confer pymetrozine resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper (BPH), <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> Stål, is a notorious pest that infests rice across Asia. The rapid evolution of chemical pesticide resistance in BPH poses an ongoing threat to agriculture and human health. Currently, pymetrozine has emerged as a viable alternative to imidacloprid for managing <em>N. lugens</em>. The detoxification of insecticides in insects includes three major metabolic gene families: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and carboxylesterases (CarEs). In this study, highly resistant strains of BPH to pymetrozine (BPH-R₄₀: 705-fold) were created from the susceptible BPH strain through continuous multi-selection. The activities of detoxifying enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and CarEs were measured. Notably, P450s and GSTs exhibited significantly higher activity in the pymetrozine-resistance strain than that of the susceptible BPH strain. Hence, we characterized P450s and GSTs genes in <em>N. lugens</em> and revealed their phylogeny, structure, motif analysis, and chromosome location. Subsequently, the expression profiles of 53 P450s and 11 GSTs genes were quantified, and two crucial detoxifying enzyme genes, <em>NlCYP301B1</em> and <em>NlGSTm2</em>, were identified as being involved in pymetrozine resistance. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of <em>NlCYP301B1</em> and <em>NlGSTm2</em> gene expression significantly increased larval mortality of BPH in response to pymetrozine. To our knowledge, enhancing the activity of key detoxification enzymes to resist insecticides represents a widespread and vital defense mechanism in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance risk and mechanism of Ustilaginoidea virens to pydiflumetofen","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice false smut, caused by <em>Ustilaginoidea virens</em>, is a devastating fungal disease in rice that not only leads to yield reduction but also poses a serious threat to food safety and human health due to the production of numerous mycotoxins. Pydiflumetofen, one of the most promising SDHI fungicides widely used for controlling various plant diseases, lacks available information regarding its antifungal activity against <em>U. virens</em> and the potential risk of resistance development in this pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 33 field-isolated strains of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen using mycelial growth inhibition method and assessed the potential for resistance development. The EC₅₀ values for pydiflumetofen against the tested strains ranged from 0.0032 to 0.0123 μg/mL, with an average EC₅₀ value of 0.0056 ± 0.0025 μg/mL. In addition, four strains of <em>U. virens</em> were randomly selected for chemical taming to evaluate their resistance risk to pydiflumetofen, resulting in the successful generation of eight stable and inheritable resistant mutants at a frequency of 1 %. These mutants exhibited significant differences in biological fitness compared to their respective parental strains. Cross-resistance tests revealed a correlation between pydiflumetofen and fluxapyroxad as well as fluopyram, but no evidence of cross-resistance was observed between pydiflumetofen and boscalid or tebuconazole. Therefore, we can conclude that the risk of resistance development in <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen is moderate. Finally, the target genes SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD in <em>U. virens</em> were initially identified, cloned, and sequenced to elucidate the mechanism underlying <em>U. virens</em> resistance to pydiflumetofen. Three mutation genotypes were found in the mutants: SDHB-H239Y, SDHB-H239L, and SDHC-A77V. The mutants carrying SDHB-H239Y exhibited low resistance, while SDHC-A77V showed moderate resistance, but the mutants with SDHB-H239L demonstrated high resistance. These findings contribute significantly to our comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen, and provide an important reference for chemical control strategies against rice false smut in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of dopa decarboxylase in the larval pupation and immunity of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diamondback moth (<em>Plutella xylostella</em> L.), a notorious pest infesting cruciferous vegetables worldwide, has developed a high level of resistance to various commonly used chemical pesticides. In this paper, we explore whether dopa decarboxylase (DDC), which is essential for survival and development in insects, could be used as a potential target for the control of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Here, the full-length cDNA (<em>PxDDC</em>) of <em>P. xylostella</em> was identified, with a complete open reading frame of 1434 bp in length, encoding a protein of 477 amino acids. The temporal and spatial expression analysis showed a periodical expression pattern of <em>PxDDC</em> during molting, reaching a peak during the process of pupation, and it was found to be highly expressed in the epidermis of prepupal stage, indicating a crucial role of <em>PxDDC</em> in larval-pupal metamorphosis of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Subsequently, there was a significant decreasing in pupation and eclosion rates, and less production of melanin in <em>P. xylostella</em> after the disruption of <em>PxDDC</em> function by the injection of ds<em>PxDDC</em> (RNAi, RNA interference) or feeding a larval diet supplemented with L-α-methyl-DOPA (L-α-M-D) as DDC inhibitor. In addition, we found four antimicrobial peptide genes were significantly inhibited after feeding <em>P. xylostella</em> with L-α-M-D, and the injection of <em>Escherichia coli</em> could significantly increase insect mortality of enzyme inhibitor treated <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting <em>PxDDC</em> was involved in immune responses as well. In summary, these results confirm that <em>PxDDC</em> is required for larval-pupal metamorphosis and immunity of <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting a critical potential future novel insecticide target for RNAi based pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HcCYP6AE178 plays a crucial role in facilitating Hyphantria cunea's adaptation to a diverse range of host plants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong multi-host adaptability significantly contributes to the rapid dissemination of <em>Hyphantria cunea.</em> The present study explores the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) in the multi-host adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> and aims to develop RNA pesticides targeting essential P450 genes to disrupt this adaptability. The results showed that inhibiting P450 activity notably reduced larval weight and food-intake across seven plants groups. The P450 gene <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> was highly upregulated in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae from medium- and low-preference host plant groups. Silencing <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> significantly decreased <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, increased larval mortality, inhibited energy metabolism genes expression and interfered with growth regulatory genes expression. Overexpression of <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> enhanced the tolerance of <em>Drosophila</em> and Sf9 cells to the plant defensive substances cytisine and coumarin. The RNA pesticide CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> constructed using chitosan (CS) exhibited remarkable stability. Treatment with CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> effectively reduced <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, heightened larval mortality, and disrupted growth regulatory genes expression in low-preference host plant groups. Combined treatment of CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> and coumarin significantly elevated <em>H. cunea</em> larval mortality compared to coumarin alone, accompanied by the inhibition of growth regulatory genes expression and an abnormal increase in energy metabolism genes expression. Taken together, <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> is essential for the adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> to multiple host plants, and RNA pesticides targeting <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> can effectively impair the performance of <em>H. cunea</em> in different host plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic potential of polyethylene glycol 400 for the control of Hyphantria cunea larvae by Beauveria bassiana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi as pest control agents is constrained by both their physiological state and external environmental factors. This study identified synergists capable of enhancing the insecticidal activity of <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> (Bb) and investigated the underlying synergistic mechanisms. Our results found that among 6 potential synergists, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and trehalose significantly improved Bb's lethality against <em>Hyphantria cunea</em> larvae, with PEG demonstrating the most pronounced effect. PEG treatment markedly increased Bb spore adhesion and germination rates, while spore hydrophobicity and growth rates remained unaffected. Moreover, PEG-treated spores exhibited higher thermal tolerance compared to untreated ones. In the Bb + PEG treatment group, the hemocyte count, encapsulation and melanization activities, and the expression of related regulatory genes were significantly lower than those in the Bb treatment group. Additionally, pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and humoral immunity effector genes expression were markedly suppressed in the Bb + PEG group. A significant reduction in the content of total amino acids, free fatty acids, glucose, and trehalose, alongside decreased expression of key regulatory genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis pathways, was observed in the Bb + PEG treatment group. Furthermore, PEG enhanced Bb-induced apoptosis in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae, as evidenced by the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes. Notably, PEG alone did not significantly impact the innate immunity, energy metabolism, or apoptosis in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae. Overall, PEG exhibits considerable potential in amplifying Bb's insecticidal activity by directly optimizing spore performance and indirectly modulating the larvae's innate immunity, energy metabolism, and apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the mechanisms of multiple resistance across glyphosate and glufosinate in Eleusine indica","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate are commonly used in citrus and sugarcane orchards in Guangxi Province, China, wherein the C₄ plant <em>Eleusine indica</em> (L.) Gaertn. is known to be a dominant weed species. However, high selection pressure has resulted in failure of control. In the present study, experiments were conducted to clarify resistance levels for the suspected populations and elucidate the mechanisms for multiple resistance. The resistance index to glyphosate was calculated for eight populations and ranged from 5.4 to 21.3, with a low-level shikimate content of 0.24–0.50 μg g⁻¹. In addition, three populations showed low-level resistance to glufosinate, with a resistance index ranging from 2.6 to 3.9. The amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (<em>EPSPS</em>) gene with a double-mutation T102I + P106S (TIPS) or a single-mutation (P106S and P106A) was observed in most populations. The target genes of glufosinate (<em>GS1–1, GS1–2,</em> and <em>GS1–3</em>) showed high-level expression, namely 145.5-fold that of susceptible plants. The content of EPSPS and glutamine synthetase (GS) protein in resistant plants can reach to 3.6 and 2.1 times higher than those in susceptible plants, respectively. The overexpression of the <em>EPSPS</em> gene with double (T102I + P106S) or single (P106S and P106A) mutations, plus the overexpression of <em>GS1–1</em>, <em>GS1–2</em>, and <em>GS1–3</em>, responded to multiple resistance mechanisms. Altogether, these results demonstrate that overexpression of <em>GS1</em> is a novel form of resistant mechanism to glufosinate in weeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deltamethrin exposure caused renal inflammation and renal fibrosis via upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated TXNDC5 level in mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deltamethrin (DLM) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that is extensively applied to agriculture, veterinary medicine and livestock pest control. Excessive accumulation of DLM in the body can lead to nephrotoxicity, but the precise toxic mechanism remains obscure. Therefore, we established in vivo models of DLM-exposed mice for 30 days and in vitro models of DLM-exposed renal tubular epithelial cells of mice. The results revealed adverse effects on renal function in mice exposed to excessive DLM, manifested as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling, local inflammatory infiltration in renal tissue and increased collagen fibers, suggesting renal inflammation and fibrosis, etc. Subsequently, in vivo experiments, we found that DLM exposure increased expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors, significantly upregulated the expression of TXNDC5, and enhanced the colocalization of GRP78 with TXNDC5. Notably, DLM exposure also strengthened the co-localization of TXNDC5 with NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, upregulated the expression levels of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB and TGF-β/SMAD2/3 pathways, alongside inflammation and fibrosis-related factors, these changes exhibited a dose-dependent effect. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments, the results of ERS, inflammation, and fibrosis-related factor expression levels were consistent with those observed in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that TXNDC5 might played a certain role in DLM-induced nephrotoxicity. Specifically, DLM exposure could trigger ERS, increase TXNDC5 expression, and promote TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathways, leading to renal inflammation and fibrosis in mice. These discoveries not only deepen our understanding of DLM toxicity but also provide valuable avenues for exploring mitigation strategies and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AKH/AKHR signalling system induced antioxidant response mediated by entomopathogenic fungi in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> is one of the most economically important rice crop pests in Asia. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been developed as a biological control of <em>N. lugens</em>. Insect adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are pleiotropic hormones that play a protective role in response to oxidative stress. However, the role of AKH in the anti-oxidative response of <em>N. lugens</em> to EPFs (<em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>) infection remains largely unexplored. In this study, the results of relative enzyme activities and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes demonstrated the response of the antioxidant system of <em>N. lugens</em> to EPF infection. Additionally, the expression of AKH/adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) also induced responding to the infection of EPF in <em>N. lugens</em>. Silencing <em>NlAKH</em> or <em>NlAKHR</em> significantly increased mortality in nymphs treated with fungi compared with controls, whereas the injection of AKH peptide decreased mortality. Further research indicated that the AKH/AKHR system positively influenced antioxidant enzymes, potentially involving the transcription factors forkhead-box O and Cap’ n’ collar C. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for developing new pest control agents targeting the neuropeptide AKH and offer new insights for mitigating brown planthopper resistance and promoting green control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of imidacloprid and diuron by Simplicillium sp. QHSH-33","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid (IMI) and diuron (DIU) are widely used pesticides in agricultural production. However, their excessive use and high residues have caused harm to the ecological environment and human health. Microbial remediation as an efficient and low-toxic method has become a research hotspot for controlling environmental pollutants. A fungus QHSH-33, identified as <em>Simplicillium</em> sp., has the ability to degrade neonicotinoids IMI and phenylurea DIU. When QHSH-33 and pesticide were co-cultured in liquid medium for 7 days, the degradation rates of IMI and DIU by QHSH-33 in simulated field soil microenvironment were 50.19 % and 70.57 %, respectively. Through HPLC-MS analysis, it was found that the degradation of IMI mainly involved nitro reduction, hydroxylation and other reactions. Three degradation pathways and eight degradation products were identified, among which two metabolites were obtained by microbial transformation of IMI for the first time. The degradation of DIU mainly involved demethylation and dehalogenation reactions, and two degradation pathways and four degradation products were identified, one of which was a new degradation product of DIU. Toxicity assessment demonstrated that most of the degradation products might be considerably less harmful than IMI and DIU. Whole genome sequencing of QHSH-33 revealed a genome size of 33.2 Mbp with 11,707 genes. The genome of QHSH-33 was annotated by KEGG to reveal 128 genes related to exogenous degradation and metabolism. After local blast with reported IMI and DIU degrading enzymes, seven IMI-degrading related genes and seven DIU-degrading related genes were identified in the QHSH-33 genome. The results of this study will help to expand our knowledge on the microbial decomposition metabolism of IMI and DIU, and provide new insights into the degradation mechanism of IMI and DIU in soil and pure culture system, laying a foundation for QHSH-33 strain applied to the removal, biotransformation or detoxification of IMI and DIU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}