Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mechanism of Tralopyril-induced enteritis in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) through multi-pathway modulation: Network toxicology and experimental validation","authors":"Ping Li ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Minghao Yin,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Chengzhuang Chen,&nbsp;Ling Liu,&nbsp;Zhi-Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tralopyril (TP), a representative bromopyrrolonitrile, functions as a broad-spectrum insecticide, raising growing concerns about its potential impact on aquatic organisms and human intestinal health. However, the key targets and toxicity mechanisms underlying TP-induced enteritis remain unclear. In this study, we utilized network toxicology combined with molecular docking to comprehensively explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying TP-induced enteritis. A total of 166 TP-related enteritis targets were identified through screening the GeneCards database, and 83 homologous genes were identified in <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> (<em>C. gigas</em>). Using the STRING database and Cytoscape analysis, six core target genes were identified: <em>CDK2</em>, <em>CDK1</em>, <em>EZH2</em>, <em>IAP</em>, <em>CASP3</em>, and <em>ER</em>.Functional enrichment analysis, IBR analysis, and acute exposure experiments demonstrated that TP activates NF-κB and MAPK signaling via the IL-17 pathway, leading to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, which enhances inflammatory responses and suppresses immune function. Moreover, TP activates the ubiquitin–proteasome system and disrupts the expression of cell cycle regulators, thereby disturbing the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in intestinal tissues, impairing tissue repair and barrier function. Additionally, TP inhibits AMPK activity, disrupts the <em>SIRT</em>1–NAD⁺ signaling pathway, and induces oxidative stress.Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities between TP and multiple core targets, with binding energies below zero. This study elucidates the key molecular mechanisms underlying TP-induced enteritis and provides a theoretical foundation for its environmental and public health risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial mode of action of thyme white (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol against Agrobacterium tumefaciens via down-regulation of manganese transport genes, sitABCD and mntH","authors":"Myunghee Jung ,&nbsp;Seon-Woo Bang ,&nbsp;Ji-Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Eun Kim ,&nbsp;Il-Kwon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of plant essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family against <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em> to find new eco-friendly antimicrobials. <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> L. (thyme white) EO demonstrated the most potent fumigant antibacterial activity among these<em>.</em> Key compounds identified in thyme white EO, including thymol, carvacrol, <em>S</em>-(−)-<em>α</em>-pinene, <em>R</em>-(+)-<em>α</em>-pinene, and (−)-limonene, also exhibited strong fumigant antibacterial activity against <em>A. tumefaciens</em>. The inhibition zone diameters observed for thymol, carvacrol, <em>R</em>-(+)-<em>α</em>-pinene, <em>S</em>-(−)-<em>α</em>-pinene, thyme white EO, and <em>S</em>-(−)-limonene were 2.85, 2.74, 1.64, 1.55, 1.15, and 0.86 cm, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg per paper disc. Only thyme white EO, thymol, and carvacrol exhibited contact antibacterial activity against <em>A. tumefaciens</em>. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of thyme white EO, thymol, carvacrol, and streptomycin were 800 μg/mL, 350 μg/mL, 350 μg/mL, and 3.125 μg/mL, respectively. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and membrane damage in <em>A. tumefaciens</em> treated with thyme white EO, thymol, and carvacrol. Additionally, we analyzed the differential gene expression level in <em>A. tumefaciens</em> treated with thyme white EO, thymol, and carvacrol, comparing them to untreated cells to elucidate the mode of action. In particular, the expression of manganese transport-related genes (<em>sitABCD</em> and <em>mntH</em>) was significantly downregulated, which impaired the function of <em>sod</em>. As a result, the system responsible for detoxifying ROS was disrupted. This led to excessive accumulation of ROS, causing damage to the cell membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda nose resistant to fluoxetine protein 6 and its putative involvement in tolerance to cyantraniliprole","authors":"Jiaping Wei ,&nbsp;Changpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Daojie Guan ,&nbsp;Zhichao Wang ,&nbsp;Huichen Ge ,&nbsp;Hai Li ,&nbsp;Hainan Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Qian ,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (FAW) is a notorious polyphagous pest that has developed resistance to various insecticides including diamide insecticides. Our previous study established a FAW cyantraniliprole-resistant (SfCYAN-R) strain by laboratory resistance selection of susceptible strain (SfCYAN-S), however, the potential resistance mechanisms of FAW to cyantraniliprole remain unclear. In this study, <em>SfNrf6</em> encoding nose resistant to fluoxetine (Nrf) protein 6 was identified to be upregulated in SfCYAN-R strain compared with SfCYAN-S strain based on RNA-Seq data and RT-qPCR. The cDNA of Nrf6 was 2094 base pairs in length and encoded a protein of 697 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that SfNrf6 contained the conserved Nrf domain as well as acyltransferase domain, and shared high amino acid identity with <em>Bombyx mori</em> homologue. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that <em>SfNrf6</em> was highly expressed in the midgut, and was upregulated at 1 h and 2 h after exposure of the third instar larvae to cyantraniliprole. Notably, knockdown of <em>SfNrf6</em> significantly increased the susceptibility of FAW to cyantraniliprole. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that overexpression of <em>SfNrf6</em> enhanced Sf9 cell viability under cyantraniliprole treatment. These results provided preliminary evidence that <em>SfNrf6</em> was involved in cyantraniliprole tolerance in FAW, which had applied implications for FAW resistance management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles: A promising nano-antimicrobial agent for sustainable management of bacterial leaf streak in rice","authors":"Dingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziqi Cui ,&nbsp;Shujing Liang ,&nbsp;Wenhua Rao ,&nbsp;Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar ,&nbsp;Xiong Guan ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by <em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzicola</em> (<em>Xoc</em>) significantly reduces rice yield and quality. Traditional chemical control methods often have limited efficacy and raise environmental concerns, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. This study is the first to comprehensively investigated the antibacterial properties of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) against <em>Xoc</em>. The ZIF-8 NPs showed strong <em>in vitro</em> bactericidal effects with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.15 mg/mL. The antibacterial mechanism of ZIF-8 NPs involves disrupting bacterial membrane integrity, inducing DNA damage, and triggering an excessive burst of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and cell death. Compared to conventional pesticide formulations, ZIF-8 NPs demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing <em>Xoc</em> growth. In addition, ZIF-8 NPs significantly suppressed the activities of multiple virulence factors of <em>Xoc</em> including extracellular hydrolase (protease, cellulase, and pectinase), extracellular polysaccharide production, and biofilm formation, and showed effective adhesion and bidirectional transport in rice tissues. Greenhouse experiments also revealed that the NPs enhanced the antioxidant activity of some key enzymes in rice, reducing disease severity, while ensuring the biosafety of non-targeted organisms. These findings underline the potential of ZIF-8 NPs as a promising nano-antimicrobial agent for sustainable BLS management, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional pesticides in rice disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LIM domain protein LmFHL2 is required for nymph-adult metamorphosis of Locusta migratoria","authors":"Weimin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Yang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Jianzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a conserved transcriptional co-regulator critical for vertebrate development and metabolism, yet its roles in arthropods remain poorly understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of <em>LmFHL2</em> in the migratory locust <em>Locusta migratoria</em>, a devastating pest reliant on precise molting cycles for growth and swarming. Phylogenetic and expression analyses revealed high conservation of <em>LmFHL2</em> across insects, with predominant expression in integument and gut tissues. Temporal expression profiling showed that <em>LmFHL2</em> was primarily expressed during the adult developmental stage. Notably, topical application of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) to adult locusts resulted in significant upregulation of <em>LmFHL2</em> expression levels. RNAi-mediated silencing of <em>LmFHL2</em> resulted in developmental defects in <em>L</em>. <em>migratoria</em>, including molting-associated mortality, reduced body weight, and impaired wing morphogenesis. Histopathological examination showed delayed cuticle formation and disorganized fat body architecture, while integrated multi-omics analyses identified multiple differentially expressed genes and metabolites associated with amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Mechanistically, knockdown of <em>LmFHL2</em> disrupted core metabolic pathways—serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), etc.—leading to significant reductions in amino acid, triglycerides, and glycogen content. These findings establish <em>LmFHL2</em> as a critical regulator of cuticular remodeling and energy-related core metabolic processes during the nymph-to-adult molting transition, providing potential molecular target for pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor MaAP-1 regulates conidiation patterns via YAP domain binding to the MaPom1 promoter in Metarhizium acridum: Implications for enhancing fungal biocontrol efficiency","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Song ,&nbsp;Yuxian Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic fungi such as <em>Metarhizium acridum</em> are pivotal for sustainable pest management, yet the industrial conidial production is hindered by low yields and environmental sensitivity. Transcriptional regulation provides key targets for engineering strain modification. AP-1 transcription factors (TFs) are well-known for their roles in fungal growth, development, conidiation, pathogenicity and stress tolerance across various fungi. However, the structural and functional roles of AP-1 TF and its regulatory mechanisms in conidiation pattern shift (CPS) remain unexplored in <em>M. acridum</em>. In this study, MaAP-1 was identified as a nuclear-localized transcription factor. Deletion of <em>MaAP-1</em> or its YAP domain accelerated conidial germination, increased conidial yields, impaired stress tolerance, and reduced pathogenicity. <em>MaAP-1</em> also served as a regulator of conidiation pattern shift (CPS), shifting microcycle conidiation (MC) to normal conidiation (NC) on SYA medium. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that the YAP domain of MaAP-1 directly bound to the motif (TTAGTAA/TTACTAA) in the <em>MaPom1</em> promoter to regulate CPS, and molecular docking predicted the critical residues (ILE-210, THR-211, THR-212, Glu-213, Gln-216, LYS-218) in YAP domain to mediate this process. Overall, these findings highlight roles of MaAP-1 and its domain in conidial development, stress resistance, pathogenicity, CPS and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CPS. This work lays a theoretical foundation for strain improvement and fungal pesticide optimization to meet the demands of sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles enhance quality and mitigate negative plant-soil feedback in Panax notoginseng by modulating plant-microbiota interactions","authors":"Yingpin Liu ,&nbsp;Hongbin Liu ,&nbsp;Souleeda Xayalath ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Liyue Zeng ,&nbsp;Guangxiang Tian ,&nbsp;Lifen Luo ,&nbsp;Weiping Deng ,&nbsp;Huichuan Huang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Liu ,&nbsp;Canping Pan ,&nbsp;Shusheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a practical strategy to enhance the quality of medicinal herb while alleviating negative plant-soil feedback (NPSF) is critical for agriculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on <em>Panax notoginseng</em> through a two-year field experiment. Four treatments were established: a control (SeNPs_0) and three SeNPs concentrations (3, 5, and 10 mg/L), which were foliar-sprayed every 15 days for a total of six applications. We evaluated physiological characteristics, saponin accumulation, root rot incidence, and integrated metabolomics and microbiomics to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between the aboveground and belowground parts of the plant. Results demonstrated that SeNPs significantly enhanced the total saponin content in the flowers (15.68% – 17.17 %), stems (11.44 % - 16.93 %), and roots (12.07 % - 17.34 %) of <em>P. notoginseng</em>. At a concentration of 5 mg/L, SeNPs significantly reduced root rot incidence by 71.43 % in Year 1 and 66.67 % in Year 2. Mechanistically, SeNPs activated flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, promoting saponin production (e.g., notoginsenoside Ft1 and Rb1). These metabolites enriched beneficial <em>Trichoderma</em> in the rhizosphere, which antagonized pathogens (<em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Ilyonectria</em>), thereby alleviating NPSF. Our study demonstrates that foliar application of SeNPs regulate plant-microbiota crosstalk, offering a dual-benefit solution for enhancing quality of medicinal component and controlling soil-borne diseases in perennial herbs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genistein: A promising botanical fungicide candidate for enhancing tomato yield and quality by controlling Alternaria solani","authors":"Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Long,&nbsp;Long-Fei Li,&nbsp;Xiang-Wei Xin,&nbsp;Xiao-Di Chen,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou,&nbsp;Li-Wei Liu,&nbsp;Zhi-Bing Wu,&nbsp;Song Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overreliance on traditional chemical fungicides, combined with the emergence of resistance, poses significant challenges for food safety. Early blight, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Alternaria solani</em> (<em>A. solani</em>), is among the most significant contributors to pre- and postharvest yield losses in tomato cultivation. To address this challenge, through evaluation of the antifungal activity of 52 commercially available natural products against <em>A. solani</em>, we revealed for the first time that the naturally occurring compound genistein exhibited potent fungicidal activity against <em>A. solani</em>, with an EC₅₀ value of 6.53 μg/mL, surpassing that of chlorothalonil (EC₅₀ = 8.35 μg/mL). <em>In vivo</em> assays demonstrated that genistein exhibited strong protective (48.1 %) and therapeutic (42.5 %) efficacy, effectively safeguarding tomatoes from fungal infection. Mechanistic investigations, including transcriptomic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence imaging, and measurements of malondialdehyde and ATP levels, collectively indicated that genistein disrupted energy metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This oxidative stress cascade triggered both apoptotic-like responses and membrane lipid peroxidation, ultimately inhibiting the growth of <em>A. solani</em>. Interestingly, genistein showed enhanced anti-<em>A. solani</em> activity when used in combination with either chlorothalonil or tebuconazole. Additionally, genistein displayed low phytotoxicity and favorable drug-likeness properties. Taken together, these findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying genistein's antifungal activity against <em>A. solani</em>, underscoring its promise as a natural antifungal agent for enhancing food safety and improving tomato yield and quality. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for the rational design of flavonoid-based antifungal agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi bioassays targeting bursicon reveal potential targets for pest control of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata","authors":"Quanxing Lei ,&nbsp;Aili Lin ,&nbsp;Jizhen Wei ,&nbsp;Mengfang Du ,&nbsp;Qisheng Song ,&nbsp;Yunhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Shiheng An","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</em> represents a significant economic pest, typically controlled through the use of chemical insecticides. The introduction of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has opened new avenues for biopesticide development, leading to the identification of various genes that are crucial for the growth and development of insects. However, the efficient screening of target genes in <em>H. vigintioctopunctata</em> remains limited. The present study provides a detailed investigation into the functional role of the neuropeptide Bursicon in <em>H. vigintioctopunctata</em>. The analysis of spatial distribution and developmental profiles demonstrated that two primary Bursicon subunits, Hv<em>Burs-α</em> and Hv<em>Burs-β</em>, exhibited specific expression patterns in the central nervous system, particularly peaking during the first-instar larval stage. Targeted RNAi of these genes led to a dramatic reduction in mRNA levels, resulting in reduced pupation and eclosion rates, along with nearly complete malformation, particularly concerning wing development. Experiments involving RNAi on second- and fourth-instar larvae showed significant reductions in the size of both elytra and hindwings in the adult forms, with the hindwings suffering severe shrinkage and lacking the ability to extend. Additionally, the combination of dsRNA treatment with chemical insecticides like avermectin or <em>beta</em>-cypermethrin increased larval mortality and adversely affected pupation and eclosion rates. Importantly, the application of dsRNA aimed at Hv<em>Burs-α</em> and Hv<em>Burs-β</em> did not adversely affect the predatory lady beetle <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>, suggesting a promising safety profile. Altogether, these findings underscore the critical role of Bursicon in wing development in <em>H. vigintioctopunctata</em> and highlight its potential as a promising target for RNAi-based biopesticide strategies, providing a novel and environmentally friendly approach to managing pest populations and their migratory behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal action of β-pinene derivatives containing quaternary ammonium scaffold against Rhizoctonia solani with damaging cell membranes and affecting energy metabolism","authors":"Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yizhong Huang ,&nbsp;Zhuaquan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuezhen Feng ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Shangxing Chen ,&nbsp;Haohua He ,&nbsp;Shengliang Liao ,&nbsp;Zongde Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Si","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> (<em>R. solani</em>) is a phytopathogen that extensively affects crops, leading to plant diseases and reducing crop yields, which jeopardizes food security. β-pinene is a major component of turpentine oil and serves as a lead compound for developing new fungicides. Herein, β-pinene derivatives containing quaternary ammonium scaffold were synthesized in our laboratory, exhibiting broad-spectrum antifungal activity, especially compound bis-hydronopyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (<strong>b-HDAB</strong>). This study aimed to investigate the potential antifungal mechanism of <strong>b-HDAB</strong> against <em>R. solani</em>. The <strong>b-HDAB</strong> displayed promising antifungal activities <em>in vitro</em> (EC₅₀ = 10.20 mg/L and EC₉₀ = 18.43 mg/L). Its <em>in vivo</em> curative effects (59.82 %) at a dose of 500 mg/L were as remarkable as those of the positive control of validamycin·bacillus (60.58 %). Mechanistically, <strong>b-HDAB</strong> altered the normal morphology of <em>R. solani</em> mycelium and disrupted its ultrastructure. Meanwhile, <strong>b-HDAB</strong> increased the relative electrical conductivity of <em>R. solani</em> mycelium, leading to leakage of nucleic acids and proteins from the mycelium. In addition, <strong>b-HDAB</strong> inhibited the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-related enzymes, and <strong>b-HDAB</strong> might exhibit favorable binding stability, potentially through the formation of a pi-cation interaction with the arginine residue (RP357) of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the content of unsaturated fatty acids of <em>R. solani</em> increased after treatment with <strong>b-HDAB</strong>, and transcriptomic analysis indicated that <strong>b-HDAB</strong> destroyed the energy metabolism. These results might guide the development of <strong>b-HDAB</strong> as an alternative antifungal agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}