Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

Priming enhances tolerance of Fusarium graminearum to triazole

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106333

Liuqin Wang, Huiyuan Wang, Zunyong Liu, Yun Chen, Zhonghua Ma

{"title":"Priming enhances tolerance of Fusarium graminearum to triazole","authors":"Liuqin Wang, Huiyuan Wang, Zunyong Liu, Yun Chen, Zhonghua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organisms exposed to environmental stimuli can develop “memory” of those experiences, a phenomenon known as priming, which allows them to better adapt to subsequent stimuli. Growing evidence has shown that fungi can “remember” past encounters, but the priming effect remains poorly understood in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we examined the priming effect in <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), by culturing its conidia in the presence of a median effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of triazole fungicide. We observed that primed conidia exhibited significantly higher germination rates and longer hyphal length than unprimed conidia when exposed to double EC<sub>50</sub> concentration of triazole. The triazole priming effect in <em>F. graminearum</em> was retained in conidia for an extended period but was not stably heritable. Further investigations revealed that this priming effect was linked to increased over-expression of the fungicide target genes (<em>FgCYP51</em>s) above the level seen in non-primed <em>F. graminearum</em>. This study reveals that <em>F. graminearum</em> develops adaptive resistance following treatment with triazole fungicides, and elucidates the mechanism behind priming, which is regulated by the transcription factor FgSR. This regulation leads to the upregulation of <em>FgCYP51</em> expression, thereby mediating the observed adaptive resistance. This provides a theoretical basis for understanding the development of resistance in pathogens and offers relevant guidance for the use of triazole fungicides in the control of FHB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A sprayable long hairpin dsRNA formulated with layered double hydroxide against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis: Control efficacy in a greenhouse and influence on beneficial insects

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106331

Falguni Khan , Mojtaba Esmaeily , Gahyeon Jin , Sedat Sevin , Chuleui Jung , Eunhye Ham , Yonggyun Kim

{"title":"A sprayable long hairpin dsRNA formulated with layered double hydroxide against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis: Control efficacy in a greenhouse and influence on beneficial insects","authors":"Falguni Khan , Mojtaba Esmaeily , Gahyeon Jin , Sedat Sevin , Chuleui Jung , Eunhye Ham , Yonggyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in eukaryotes. Suppression of vacuolar-ATPase B subunit (<em>vATPase-B</em>) expression resulted in lethality to the western flower thrips, <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>, following oral administration of the gene-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for RNAi. This study aimed to enhance the insecticidal activity of sprayable dsRNA against the thrips. Initially, the study screened for differences in insecticidal activity across various frames of the target gene's open-reading frames using similarly sized (approximately 300 bp) dsRNAs, observing minimal variation. Subsequently, the optimal length of dsRNA was determined by preparing samples ranging from 100 to 700 bp, with lengths over 300 bp demonstrating high insecticidal activities. The study also compared linear and hairpin forms of dsRNA, with hairpin dsRNA exhibiting higher insecticidal activity. Additionally, two formulations of chitosan and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were assessed with dsRNAs against the same target region; the LDH formulation outperformed the chitosan in insecticidal activity. The effects of dsRNA on non-target organisms (NTOs) were evaluated against two honey bees, <em>Apis mellifera</em> and <em>A. cerana</em>, and a natural enemy, <em>Orius laevigatus</em>, where some dsRNAs with high sequence homology to the NTOs caused significant mortalities. The optimal size of hairpin dsRNA, formulated with LDH and harmless to NTOs, was then sprayed on <em>F. occidentalis</em> infesting greenhouse-cultivated hot peppers. The LDH-hairpin dsRNA spray achieved a significant reduction in thrips population, comparable to the control efficacy of the chemical insecticide, spinosad.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular docking and mutation sites of CYP57A1 enzyme with Fomesafen

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106328

Jing Guo , Lingwei Kong , Lijuan Tian , Yujun Han , Chunhong Teng , Hong Ma , Bo Tao

{"title":"Molecular docking and mutation sites of CYP57A1 enzyme with Fomesafen","authors":"Jing Guo , Lingwei Kong , Lijuan Tian , Yujun Han , Chunhong Teng , Hong Ma , Bo Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide developed by Zeneca Group PLC (UK), mainly used in soybean and peanut fields to control annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds. Fomesafen has strong persistence in the soil, slow degradation rate, and is prone to harm subsequent sensitive crops. This study utilized Autodock molecular docking technology to investigate the binding and interaction between degradation enzyme CYP57A1 and small molecules of fomesafen herbicides. The <em>CYP57A1</em> gene cloned from a fomesafen-resistant fungus <em>Fusarium verticilloids,</em> belongs to a fragment of the P450 family, contains 587 bases, encodes 190 amino acids, and has an isoelectric point of 5.16. Visualization of the active surface of the protein receptor reveals that fomesafen is located in the cavity formed by the CYP57A1 protein and the cavity is small and tightly, the proteins are connected to small molecules through hydrogen bonds, halogen atom and π - cation interactions. Molecular modification of CYP57A1 enzyme was carried out using virtual amino acid mutation technology. Four key amino acids, LEU143, MET52, PHE176, and GLU177, were subjected to site-specific mutations. This study successfully constructed mutant engineered bacteria with stable protein expression. Mutations (1) MET52 > TRP showed a a decrease in enzyme activity, and the degradation rate of fomesafen was only 7.8 % of the wild-type. It is believed that MET52 is a key active site for the binding of CYP57A1 enzyme to small molecules of fomesafen, playing a crucial role in the degradation of fomesafen by this enzyme. This provides new insights into the impact on the degradation activity of fomesafen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benfuracarb impairs zebrafish swim bladder development via the JNK2 pathway mediated inhibition of autophagy

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106329

Rongkai Bao, Hui Li, Shuqing Li, Menglan Su, Wenhua Li

{"title":"Benfuracarb impairs zebrafish swim bladder development via the JNK2 pathway mediated inhibition of autophagy","authors":"Rongkai Bao, Hui Li, Shuqing Li, Menglan Su, Wenhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benfuracarb is widely utilized for crop protection due to its effective pest control properties; however, little information is available regarding its adverse effects and possible molecular mechanisms in fish development. In the present study, benfuracarb exposure caused defects in the development and inflation of the swim bladder, as well as in the lipid metabolism of zebrafish larvae. Compared with the control, key genes involved in swim bladder development, lipid metabolism, surfactant proteins and autophagy were altered in response to benfuracarb exposure. Furthermore, potential targets of benfuracarb were identified using network toxicology and molecular docking, with c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2 encoded by <em>mapk9</em>) predicted as a critical target. Moreover, the JNK family activator anisomycin was observed to mitigate the inhibitory effects of benfuracarb on zebrafish swim bladder inflation, as well as on the expression of autophagy-related genes, suggesting that benfuracarb may inhibit swim bladder development and inflation by downregulating the JNK2 signaling pathway. Overall, this study suggests that the swim bladder might serve as a potential target organ for benfuracarb toxicity in zebrafish, providing valuable insights for assessing the environmental risks of benfuracarb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut symbionts affect Plutella xylostella (L.) susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106327

Fei Yin , Tiancheng Ge , Myron P. Zalucki , Yong Xiao , Zhengke Peng , Zhenyu Li

{"title":"Gut symbionts affect Plutella xylostella (L.) susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole","authors":"Fei Yin , Tiancheng Ge , Myron P. Zalucki , Yong Xiao , Zhengke Peng , Zhenyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Plutella xylostella</em>, a globally economically important pest of cruciferous crops, has varying degrees of resistance to almost all insecticides. Insect gut microbiotas have a variety of physiological functions, and recent studies have shown that they have some potential connection with insecticide resistance. Here, we use metagenomics to analyze the differences in gut microbiota among 5 different populations of <em>P. xylostella</em> resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Differential gene expression was enriched in various metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide metabolism and so on. Proteobacteria was the dominate phyla, and the relative abundance of common dominant genera in the treated group (CL, Bt, and BtCL) was higher than that in susceptible controls. We successfully isolated 15 species of bacteria, in which the <em>Enterobacter hormaechei</em> was associated with enhanced insecticide resistance. The population we isolated can metabolize chlorantraniliprole in vitro, with a metabolic rate of 34.8 % within 4 days. Our work advances understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance and lays a foundation for the further exploration of symbiotic microbial associations of lepidopteran insects and their ecological consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat activation desensitizes Aedes aegypti transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (AaTRPA1) to chemical agonists that repel mosquitoes

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106326

Yeaeun Park, Peter M. Piermarini

{"title":"Heat activation desensitizes Aedes aegypti transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (AaTRPA1) to chemical agonists that repel mosquitoes","authors":"Yeaeun Park, Peter M. Piermarini","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are nociceptors that can be activated by noxious heat and/or chemicals (e.g., electrophiles). When activated, TRPA1 channels typically trigger avoidance behaviors. Previous studies have found that mosquito TRPA1 channels play important roles in host-seeking, preferred temperature selection, and avoidance of noxious heat and chemicals in the environment. Accordingly, TRPA1 channels are considered valuable biochemical targets for developing mosquito repellents and/or antifeedants. However, it is presently unknown whether heat activation of mosquito TRPA1 channels impacts their activation by chemical agonists that repel mosquitoes, such as catnip oil and citronellal. To address this gap in knowledge, we heterologously expressed <em>Aedes aegypti</em> TRPA1 (AaTRPA1) in <em>Xenopus laevis</em> oocytes and evaluated its electrophysiological responses to chemical agonists in the presence or absence of a heat stimulus. We found that when AaTRPA1 was heat activated it exhibited dampened electrophysiological responses to either catnip oil or citronellal. Subsequent airborne repellency bioassays with adult female <em>Ae. aegypti</em> revealed that mosquitoes were less repelled by either catnip oil or citronellal when exposed to an increase of ambient temperature that exceeded the heat activation threshold for AaTRPA1 (i.e., >32 °C); in contrast, the repellency of DEET (a non-TRPA1 agonist) was unaffected. Our results suggest that TRPA1-agonizing repellents may offer less protection from mosquitoes when ambient temperatures exceed the thermal activation threshold of mosquito TRPA1 channels. This may have important implications for the choice of mosquito repellents used during extreme heat events, which are becoming more common because of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protective roles of chitin synthase gene 1 in Nilaparvata lugens against Cordyceps javanica and insecticides

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106324

Shuai Sun , Miao Sun , Pengfei Du , Hongtao Niu , Zhichun Zhang , Dongxiao Zhao , Xiangdong Liu , Huifang Guo

{"title":"Protective roles of chitin synthase gene 1 in Nilaparvata lugens against Cordyceps javanica and insecticides","authors":"Shuai Sun , Miao Sun , Pengfei Du , Hongtao Niu , Zhichun Zhang , Dongxiao Zhao , Xiangdong Liu , Huifang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chitin synthase gene 1 (<em>CHS1</em>) is a key gene in insect chitin synthesis pathway, it plays a critical role in the insect's survival and development. However, the protective functions of <em>CHS1</em> in response to pathogens and chemical insecticides remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the functional domain and phylogenetic relationship of <em>CHS1</em> in <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> and other insects. Our findings revealed a conserved C-terminal domain in the <em>CHS1</em> protein, as well as an evolutionary conservation across insect species. And then we found the <em>CHS1</em> gene was highly expressed during the fifth instar nymph stage, and there was a differential expression and regulation of <em>CHS1</em> in response to pathogen infection and exposure to various chemical insecticides. After that, we further discovered RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of <em>CHS1</em> significantly increased the susceptibility of <em>N. lugens</em> to <em>Cordyceps javanica</em> and two chemical insecticides, nitenpyram and dinotefuran, but had no effect on triflumezopyrim. And we used scanning electron microscope to observe an increase in appressoria formation on the cuticle of <em>N. lugens</em> following <em>CHS1</em> knock down, which accelerated the infection by <em>C. javanica</em>. These findings showed that <em>CHS1</em> in <em>N. lugens</em> provide protection against pathogen and chemical insecticides, and highlighted the potential of targeting <em>CHS1</em> to develop novel pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered Octopamine synthesis impairs tyrosine metabolism affecting Helicoverpa armigera vitality

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106323

Yogita P. Patil , Deepti S. Wagh , Vitthal T. Barvkar , Shyam K. Gawari , Priyanka D. Pisalwar , Shadab Ahmed , Rakesh S. Joshi

{"title":"Altered Octopamine synthesis impairs tyrosine metabolism affecting Helicoverpa armigera vitality","authors":"Yogita P. Patil , Deepti S. Wagh , Vitthal T. Barvkar , Shyam K. Gawari , Priyanka D. Pisalwar , Shadab Ahmed , Rakesh S. Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tyramine β-hydroxylase</em> (<em>TβH</em>) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of octopamine (OA), a vital neurohormone in invertebrates. This study explores the expression patterns and functional role of <em>Helicoverpa armigera TβH</em> (<em>HaTβH</em>) across various tissues and developmental stages. <em>HaTβH</em> expression was highest in the head and adult male stages, reflecting tissue-specific and developmental regulation. <em>HaTβH</em> silencing significantly increased locomotion and decreased feeding behavior. OA supplementation in silenced insects or <em>HaTβH</em> overexpression showed a contrary effect on locomotory and feeding behavior. In silico screening and inhibitory assays identified tomatidine, a tomato-derived metabolite, as a potent <em>Ha</em>TβH inhibitor with strong binding affinity. In vivo bioassays confirmed tomatidine's inhibitory effects, reducing feeding and increasing mortality in <em>H. armigera</em>. Modulation in <em>HaTβH</em> expression or activity disturbs the tyrosine metabolic pathway, with altered levels of tyramine, octopamine, and dopamine. These results highlight <em>HaTβH</em> as a key regulator of OA biosynthesis, influencing insect feeding, locomotion, and overall survival. The present study also introduces tomatidine as a potential candidate for insect control, given its ability to disrupt <em>Ha</em>TβH function. This work provides new insights into the physiological roles of <em>Ha</em>TβH and offers promising avenues for developing targeted pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A venom serpin from the assassin bug Sycanus croceovittatus exhibiting inhibitory effects on melanization, development, and insecticidal activity towards its prey

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106322

Wenkai Liang , Meijiao Li , Fenlian Chen , Yuqin Wang , Kui Wang , Chaoyan Wu , Jiaying Zhu

{"title":"A venom serpin from the assassin bug Sycanus croceovittatus exhibiting inhibitory effects on melanization, development, and insecticidal activity towards its prey","authors":"Wenkai Liang , Meijiao Li , Fenlian Chen , Yuqin Wang , Kui Wang , Chaoyan Wu , Jiaying Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) have been identified as main common components in the venom of the predatory bugs, while their functional roles remain unexplored. In this study, we identified 35 SPI genes belonging to three subfamilies of serpin, canonical SPI, and A2M in genome of the assassin bug, <em>Sycanus croceovittatus</em>. The amino acid sequences of these SPI genes reveal conserved functional regions, albeit with mutations or deletions at certain active site residues. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses of gene expression patterns in various tissues across developmental stages indicate that most SPI genes exhibit high expression levels in venom apparatus, suggesting their role as venom proteins. Notably, the ScSPI5 gene from the serpin class was found to be most abundantly expressed in all three distinct venom glands, indicating its significant role as a venomous protein. Functional characterization demonstrated that this venom serpin effectively inhibits trypsin activity <em>in vitro</em> and suppresses phenoloxidase activity, thereby blocking hemolymph melanization in preys, including <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, <em>Achelura yunnanensis</em>, and <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>. When ingested, it reduces the larval and pupal weight of the fall armyworm by impeding trypsin activity in the midgut. Upon injection, ScSPI5 exhibits a dose-dependent insecticidal effect against <em>T. molitor</em>, with an LD<sub>50</sub> of 5.6 ± 1.1 μg/g. These findings elucidate the specific functions of SPIs in the venom of predatory bugs, enhancing our understanding of their predation efficiency, and highlighting the potential application of venomous SPIs as protease inhibitors in pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative assays revealed distinct toxicity characterizations between pymetrozine and flonicamid

IF 4.2 1区农林科学

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106319

Tengfei Liu, Jianguo Niu, Yuying Gao, Xuan Liu, Jianya Su

{"title":"Comparative assays revealed distinct toxicity characterizations between pymetrozine and flonicamid","authors":"Tengfei Liu, Jianguo Niu, Yuying Gao, Xuan Liu, Jianya Su","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flonicamid is an insecticide with a unique mode of action, primarily inhibiting the feeding behavior of sap-sucking insects. However, its molecular target remains controversial. Reports indicate that both flonicamid and pymetrozine affect insect behavior and mobility. To investigate further, we compared the susceptibility of three insect species (<em>Myzus persicae</em>, <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>, and <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) to flonicamid and pymetrozine under two different feeding postures. Results showed that feeding posture did not affect the survival curves or mean lifespans of the three insects. However, insect lifespans were significantly reduced under exposure to either insecticide compared to untreated controls. The effects of the two insecticides on susceptibility and lifespan under different feeding postures were markedly different: feeding posture significantly influenced the sensitivity of aphids, planthoppers, and fruit flies to pymetrozine but had minimal effects on the sensitivity of aphids and planthoppers to flonicamid. Flonicamid had only a minor impact on fruit flies' sensitivity. Survival curve analysis also revealed significant differences under pymetrozine stress, while no such differences were observed under flonicamid stress. These findings indicate that flonicamid exerts different toxicological effects on target insects (aphids and planthoppers) <em>versus</em> non-target insects (fruit flies), depending on feeding posture. This suggests that the toxicological mechanisms of flonicamid differ substantially between target and non-target organisms, with implications that findings in non-target insects may not directly apply to target pests. Our study provides valuable insights and directions for further research into flonicamid's mode of action, aiding in elucidating its underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0