Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Transepithelial transport and mechanism of pyrethroids across Caco-2 cells mediated by transporters","authors":"Yuying Liu ,&nbsp;Sai Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Chang Chen ,&nbsp;Shuyan Gui ,&nbsp;Ziqi Liu ,&nbsp;Jinjing Xiao ,&nbsp;Haiqun Cao ,&nbsp;Yanhong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral ingestion is the primary route of human exposure to pesticide residues in agricultural products, with intestinal absorption playing a pivotal role in determining their bioavailability. This study investigated the transepithelial transport mechanisms of pyrethroids using a Caco-2 cell model. Apparent permeability coefficients (P_app) indicated that pyrethroids are readily absorbed, with efflux ratios (ER) ranging from 1.27 × 10⁻³ to 5.52 × 10⁻², suggesting passive diffusion as the primary transport mode. Both efflux and influx transporters were involved in pyrethroids transport. Molecular docking showed that hydrophobic interactions contribute to the high binding affinity of lambda-cyhalothrin toward P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Metabolomics further identified P-gp, MRP, and BCRP as key ATP-binding cassette transporters mediating lambda-cyhalothrin transport, with hypoxanthine and pantothenic acid as significant differential metabolites. These findings underscore the role of transporters in pesticide residue absorption, providing valuable insights into human exposure assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out of nAChR α6 confers resistance to spinosyns in Frankliniella occidentalis and is associated with a higher fitness cost than target-site mutation G275E","authors":"A. Mocchetti ,&nbsp;A.A. Nikoloudi ,&nbsp;J. Vontas ,&nbsp;S. De Rouck ,&nbsp;T. Van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thrips are major agricultural pests globally and spinosyn insecticides like spinosad and spinetoram are commonly used for their control. However, numerous cases of resistance have emerged, often linked to mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit, the main molecular target of spinosyns. In this study, toxicological data for spinosad and spinetoram were obtained from a susceptible strain of <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>, as well as two field-collected resistant strains carrying the G275E resistance mutation. Notably, a new candidate resistance mutation never reported before, T202A, was identified in one of the field collected populations and its possible role in resistance is discussed. Further, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of α6 was performed in the susceptible strain to shed light on the phenotypic strength of this resistance mechanism previously observed in the field. The KO conferred complete insensitivity to spinosad and significant resistance to spinetoram, although higher doses of spinetoram remained lethal, suggesting potential interaction with a secondary target. Finally, in an experimental evolution approach, the α6 KO allele rapidly disappeared, indicating a substantial fitness cost. In contrast, G275E alleles persisted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer-based nanoplatform improves the bioactivity of insect growth regulator via inhibiting chitin synthesis","authors":"Jie Fan,&nbsp;Shangyuan Wu,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Caiqing Zheng,&nbsp;Jingyi Chen,&nbsp;Zongyi Wang,&nbsp;Jie Shen,&nbsp;Shuo Yan,&nbsp;Hu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect growth regulators (IGRs) have shown great potential in green pest management, but their low control efficacy and delayed action limit their widespread application. In recent years, various nanodelivery systems have revolutionized pesticides by enhancing bioavailability, reducing dosage requirements, improving environmental compatibility, etc. Herein, a hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer (HLDP) was designed and developed to construct an efficient nanoplatform for an IGR diflubenzuron (DFB). The HLDP could spontaneously assemble with DFB into DFB/HLDP complex via electrostatic interactions, and this self-assembly formed uniformly sized spherical nanoparticles (136.06 nm), with the substantial increase in zeta potential (48.27 mV). Compared to DFB alone, the DFB/HLDP complex exhibited remarkably higher stomach and contact toxicity against a major migratory pest oriental armyworm. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the oral feeding of DFB/HLDP complex upregulated several crucial genes involved in metabolism, delivery and chitin synthesis. Meanwhile, the DFB/HLDP complex could further decrease the chitin content and ATP level, which amplified the inhibitory effects of DFB on chitin biosynthesis. Overall, our study successfully constructed a HLDP-based nanodelivery system for IGRs, which offered an innovative and sustainable strategy for green pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and structural insights into P450-mediated resistance: The role of Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2 in the metabolism of neonicotinoids in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Alex Giang ,&nbsp;Felipe Martelli ,&nbsp;Roberto Fusetto ,&nbsp;Tracy L. Nero ,&nbsp;Bettina Lueke ,&nbsp;Ralf Nauen ,&nbsp;Philip Batterham","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide-driven selection pressures have accelerated the evolution and widespread emergence of resistance in insect populations. A major mechanism underlying this resistance is the enhanced metabolic detoxification of insecticides, often mediated by the overexpression or increased activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Evidence indicates that the ability of these enzymes to confer resistance may have evolved from their native role in metabolising environmental xenobiotics. This suggests that insect populations may harbor multiple metabolic enzymes capable of conferring resistance, even if not specifically adapted for insecticide metabolism. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the well-characterised resistance gene <em>Cyp6g1</em> and five closely related cytochrome P450s in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Using transgenic overexpression driven by the <em>Accord</em> promoter—responsible for elevated <em>Cyp6g1</em> expression in natural populations—we found that only <em>Cyp6g1</em> and <em>Cyp6g2</em> conferred resistance to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and nitenpyram. Metabolic assays confirmed that imidacloprid resistance was mediated by the conversion of imidacloprid into 5-hydroxyimidacloprid. Additionally, field-resistant haplotypes promoting <em>Cyp6g1</em> overexpression were also found to increase <em>Cyp6g2</em> expression, suggesting that <em>Cyp6g2</em> contributes to resistance in natural populations. Structural analysis of CYP6G1, using molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, identified residues Phe123 and Phe124 as critical for imidacloprid metabolism. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary pathways leading to metabolic resistance and offer insights that could improve strategies for managing and mitigating insecticide resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7-Hydroxylathyrol defeats geminivirus through targeting C4 and activating host defense","authors":"Bi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Xu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Liang ,&nbsp;Tong Shi ,&nbsp;Qizhi Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Sha Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Linwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which belongs to Geminiviruses, is a notorious plant virus that poses a threat to global agriculture. 7-Hydroxylathyrol is a renowned lathyrane diterpenoid with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, its efficacy against plant pathogens remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of 7-hydroxylathyrol against TYLCV and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying its antiviral effects. 7-Hydroxylathyrol significantly disrupted TYLCV and inhibited its accumulation in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. To explore the mechanism of 7-hydroxylathyrol against TYLCV, proteins encoded by TYLCV were purified, and their interactions with 7-hydroxylathyrol were studied. Biolayer interferometry and pull-down experiments showed that 7-hydroxylathyrol bound to C4 with a dissociation constant of 6.50 × 10⁻⁸ M, while it could not bind to other viral proteins. Moreover, 7-hydroxylathyrol inhibited gene expression and protein accumulation of C4 in <em>N. benthamiana</em>, and the infectious clone TYLCV(ΔC4), which contains a nontranslatable C4, weakened the inhibitory effect of 7-hydroxylathyrol against the virus. Furthermore, molecular docking and point mutation analyses were implemented, and results indicated that the specific R37 and T38 of C4 were critical for the interaction between 7-hydroxylathyrol and C4. In addition, 7-hydroxylathyrol could inhibit another geminivirus, tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV), which also possessed these two conserved sites. At last, we found that 7-hydroxylathyrol enhanced the plant defense capacity by increasing the activity of defense enzymes and upregulating the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results demonstrated that 7-hydroxylathyrol possessed a dual antiviral mechanism of binding TYLCV C4 and activating plant defense responses. This study provided key insights for designing novel plant geminivirus inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus casei alleviates permethrin exposure-induced zebrafish testis damage through modulation of TLR4/NF-κB and AKT/Nrf2 pathways: Oxidative stress, inflammation and ferroptosis","authors":"Yu Huo,&nbsp;Yuhan Wang,&nbsp;Ningna Ma,&nbsp;Yilei Guo,&nbsp;Afrasyab Khan,&nbsp;Weijun Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of permethrin (Per) poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems, particularly through reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> (<em>L. casei</em>) against Per-induced testicular damage in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Male zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Per (1 μg/L) and supplemented with different doses of L. <em>casei</em> (10⁷–10⁹ CFU/g) or heat-killed controls for 30 days. Results showed that Per exposure suppressed growth parameters, disrupted sex hormone homeostasis and induced histopathological testicular lesions, including spermatogenic tubule disorganisation and reduced sperm density. Mechanistically, Per induced oxidative stress and activated inflammatory cascades (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α upregulation) via TLR4/NF-κB signaling, while suppressing AKT/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Notably, Per exposure promoted ferroptosis as evidenced by Fe²⁺ accumulation and GPX4/SLC7A11 downregulation.</div><div>Dietary L. <em>casei</em> supplementation (10⁸ CFU/g optimal dose) dose-dependently reversed these effects, restoring redox balance, attenuating inflammation and reactivating Nrf2-driven antioxidant defences. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that L. <em>casei</em> modulated 3732 differentially expressed genes, predominantly in the TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K-AKT pathways. Pharmacological validation confirmed that L. <em>casei</em> protection was based on dual regulation: TLR4 inhibition (via TAK-242) abolished the anti-inflammatory effects, while AKT activation (via SC79) increased Nrf2 expression. Crucially, heat-killed L. <em>casei</em> failed to attenuate Per toxicity, highlighting the need for viable probiotics. This study provides novel evidence that L. <em>casei</em> alleviates Per-induced testicular injury through coordinated suppression of oxidative inflammation and ferroptosis, mediated by TLR4/NF-κB inactivation and AKT/Nrf2 pathway activation. These findings advance strategies for probiotic-based interventions in aquatic toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of laccase2 impairs cuticle tanning and pigmentation in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura","authors":"Yingchuan Peng ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Xinyi Ling ,&nbsp;Lin Zeng ,&nbsp;Lixia Cao ,&nbsp;Lexin Xie ,&nbsp;Long Ma ,&nbsp;Wanna Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cuticle tanning is a vital physiological process in insects, mediated by the phenol oxidase Laccase2 (Lac2). To elucidate the functional role underlying cuticle formation in the economically important pest <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, <em>SlitLac2</em> was functionally characterized in this study. The identified <em>SlitLac2</em> encodes a protein containing conserved Cu-oxidase domains and a conserved cysteine-rich region, exhibiting high sequence simility to other lepidopteran Lac2 orthologs. Quantitative expression analysis revealed peak expression of <em>SlitLac2</em> in 3rd instar larvae, with 251.45-, 25.06-, 34.43-, 341.04-, 31.67-, 158.04-, 5.68-, 228.43- and 668.31-fold higher expression levels than those in eggs, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th larvae, pupae, male adults and female adults, respectively. While tissue-specific profiling showed predominant expression in the epidermis, displaying 678.28-, 6.18-, 51.35-, 28.21- and 176.59-fold expression levels, compared to those in the hemolymph, head, malpighian tubule, fat body and midgut, respectively. Knockout of <em>SlitLac2</em> severely impaired normal cuticle tanning of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th instar larvae and pupae, ultimately leading to failure of adult eclosion. This study provides the first functional characterization of <em>SlitLac2</em> in <em>S. litura</em>, establishing its critical role in cuticle formation and offering new insights into the molecular basis of insect development. Our findings identify <em>SlitLac2</em> as a potential target for developing novel pest control strategies against this agriculturally significant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels and their interactions with insecticidal compounds","authors":"Samantha Griffin ,&nbsp;Amanda Garbers ,&nbsp;Lauren Banina ,&nbsp;Trent Perry ,&nbsp;Gerald Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A number of insecticidal compounds have been found to affect the insect transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel. As this receptor is also found in nematodes, we investigated whether these compounds could also interact with the <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> TRPV channel in order to explore the possibility of leveraging this target for nematicide development. Here we report on the characterization of <em>C. elegans</em> TRPV channels using electrophysiology and radioligand binding. Evidence of channel activation is demonstrated for OSM9:OCR1, OSM9:OCR2, and OSM9:OCR4 with the natural agonist, nicotinamide. Additionally, insecticides (pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazon – IRAC group 9) known to be insect TRPV agonists were evaluated for nematode TRPV channel modulation. While activation of the nematode channel was not observed, a novel antagonistic blocking effect was discovered. Specificity of this modulation is confirmed by testing the active metabolite (4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide) of a different class of insecticide, flonicamid(IRAC group 29), known to be a non-TRPV chordotonal modulator. We also report competitive binding data for nicotinamide (Ki = 0.13 μM), pymetrozine (Ki = 0.51 μM), and pyrifluquinazon (Ki = 27.3 μM) with [³H]-nicotinamide, demonstrating that they are likely to share a binding pocket on the TRPV channel. These data suggest TRPV may also be a novel target for nematicide development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular hybridization of indoles and vanillins via α-hydroxyketone linking for discovering new inhibitor of PVY intercellular traffic","authors":"Feifei Chen,&nbsp;Jiao Li,&nbsp;Fenyan Wang,&nbsp;Ningning Zan,&nbsp;Mingshu Lou,&nbsp;Chunni Zhao,&nbsp;Baoan Song,&nbsp;Runjiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato virus Y (PVY) significantly reduces yield in economically important <em>Solanaceae</em> crops, while the limited availability of effective antiviral agents in the market highlights the necessity for exploring innovative antiviral lead structures. Herein, we disclose a new analogue of virucidal compounds, which are designed by molecular hybridization of natural indole and vanillin moieties. Most hybrid derivatives under bio-assay exhibit anti-PVY properties. Compound <strong>C7</strong>, in particular, shows superior inactivating effects to PVY, with a median effect concentration (EC₅₀) of 121.3 ± 4.9 μg/mL, which is significantly lower than that of controls ribavirin (EC₅₀ = 245.6 ± 10.3 μg/mL) and vanisulfane (EC₅₀ = 351.4 ± 4.8 μg/mL). The molecular docking result indicates formation of stable hydrogen-bonding between Arg²¹⁴ of PVY capsid protein (CP) and <strong>C7</strong>. Combining <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assays allows Arg²¹⁴ to be identified as a functional residue modulating PVY systemic invasion in hosts. Further evidence provided by confocal microscope technique supports that <strong>C7</strong> behaves as a potential inhibitor of virion intercellular movement. This study contributes an available lead structure for chemical blocking of viral cell-to-cell movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment and resistant mechanism of Fusarium graminearum to fluopyram","authors":"Zhang Jie ,&nbsp;Sun SiYu ,&nbsp;Guo Yu ,&nbsp;Ren Fuhao ,&nbsp;Sheng Guilin ,&nbsp;Wu Huan ,&nbsp;Zhao Baoquan ,&nbsp;Cai Yiqiang ,&nbsp;Gu Chunyan ,&nbsp;Duan Yabing","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> species complex, poses a significant threat to global wheat production and human health due to its high virulence and the ability to produce harmful secondary metabolites. Although various fungicides have been extensively used to control FHB, there is a critical need for more comprehensive information on the resistance of <em>F.</em> g<em>raminearum</em> to fluopyram in China. This study evaluated the sensitivity of <em>F.</em> g<em>raminearum</em> strains collected from five distinct regions to fluopyram. The EC₅₀ values for fluopyram ranged from 1.20 to 6.42 μg/mL, with an average value of 3.30 μg/mL. Additionally, fluopyram-resistant mutants were generated in the laboratory by chemical taming, with a resistance frequency of 8.3 × 10-⁻³. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in conidiation, growth rate, and temperature sensitivity between the resistant mutants and the parental strains. It was also determined that fluopyram exhibits positive cross-resistance with pydiflumetofen but no cross-resistance with carbendazim, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin. The mutations associated with fluopyram resistance in <em>F.</em> g<em>raminearum</em> were identified as SDHB-H248L, SDHC2-A83V, and SDHC2-R86K. Based on these findings, the risk of resistance development in <em>F.</em> g<em>raminearum</em> to fluopyram was assessed as moderate. Additionally, it was found that the combination of prothioconazole and fluopyram is more effective than their individual use in field trials. Considering the role of fluopyram in inhibiting DON produced by <em>F.</em> g<em>raminearum</em>, it is recommended that fluopyram be used in conjunction with other highly effective fungicides to control FHB, thereby achieving both disease control and mycotoxin reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}