Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of four antenna-enriched odorant binding proteins in Rhaphuma horsfieldi reveals the importance of RhorOBP1 in odorant recognition and insecticide resistance","authors":"Yin-Lan Liang ,&nbsp;Shun-Si Li ,&nbsp;Ning-Na Yin,&nbsp;Shu-Lin Li,&nbsp;Yu-Yue Lu,&nbsp;Nai-Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cerambycid beetles are key players for the sustenance of biodiversity in the forest ecosystem, but in most cases are well known due to their harmfulness to agricultural and forest plants. Here, we characterized the odorant binding protein (OBP) gene family in <em>Rhaphuma horsfieldi</em>, emphasizing the roles of RhorOBP1 in odorant reception and insecticide sequestering. A homology-based search led to the identification of 35 <em>RhorOBP</em> genes with a major distribution in the Minus-C OBPs clade (21/35 genes). Expression profiles showed that <em>RhorOBP1</em>–<em>RhorOBP4</em> had the abundant expression in antennae. Binding assays revealed that the four RhorOBPs exhibited diverse odorant response profiles tuned differentially to various classes of plant odorants, comprising walnut-derived host volatiles and ordinary floral scents. Two broadly tuned RhorOBP1 and RhorOBP2 exhibited different chain length-dependent binding properties to 10C<img>12C alcohols, aldehydes or acetates. Compared with other three proteins, RhorOBP1 reduced the binding to ligands with high affinities at pH 5.0 (1.27–6.72-fold differences relative to pH 7.4). Molecular docking and point-mutation experiments confirmed that Ser107, Tyr118, Tyr119 and Phe120 situated in the binding pocket of RhorOBP1 were critical determinants for the recognition of 14, 15, 10 and 10 compounds, respectively. On the other hand, RhorOBP1 could strongly bind six insecticides, particularly chlorpyrifos (dissociation constant, K_i = 3.69 ± 0.74 μM). This study has provided insights into different binding properties of four antenna-enriched RhorOBPs in <em>R. horsfieldi</em> and identifies a dual role of RhorOBP1 in the binding of odorants and insecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Caryophyllene oxide inhibits lysine acetylation of histones in Fusarium proliferatum to block ribosomal biosynthesis and function","authors":"Hong-Xin Liao ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Jin-Rui Wen ,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Nie ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Fu-Rong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Xian Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, <em>β</em>-Caryophyllene oxide (BCPO), has demonstrated inhibitory activity against <em>Fusarium</em> species. While previous studies have documented its antifungal properties through various biochemical mechanisms, the role of BCPO in modulating epigenetic modifications of DNA via histone deacetylases (HDACs) has received comparatively less attention. The study aims to elucidate how BCPO inhibits <em>Fusarium proliferatum</em> by affecting histone acetylation. Our results indicate that BCPO enhances <em>FPRO_01165</em> (FpSIR2) enzyme activity to 6.01 ng/min/mg, representing a 55.30 % increase. Molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the interaction between BCPO and FpSIR2. Furthermore, high concentrations (HC) of BCPO significantly inhibited the growth of <em>F. proliferatum</em>, resulting in marked reductions in H3K9ac and H3K27ac modification levels. We conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify enrichments of H3K9ac and H3K27ac, while also obtaining transcriptomic data from the HC treatment group. Combined analyses revealed that decreased levels of H3K9ac and H3K27ac primarily affected ribosomal pathways in <em>F. proliferatum</em>, leading to downregulation of several ribosomal genes and their corresponding proteins, such as RPL4, RPS19, and RPS16. Our findings suggest that BCPO stimulates both the production and activity of FpSIR2, which subsequently inhibits histone lysine acetylation in <em>F. proliferatum</em>. This inhibition suppresses ribosome biosynthesis and function as well as overall growth in this pathogen. The property of BCPO to reduce acetylation provides new insights for developing highly efficient yet low-toxicity antifungal agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicidal activity of curcumol against Phytophthora capsici via inhibiting phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and its systemic translocation in plants","authors":"Jingjing Yang ,&nbsp;Hai Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Liang ,&nbsp;Xingzeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Min Yin ,&nbsp;Xu Feng ,&nbsp;Bi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phytophthora capsici</em> is an infamously soil-borne pathogen that poses a serious threat to agricultural production. Curcumol is a natural plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, whose antimicrobial effect against plant pathogens remains unclear. In this study, curcumol exhibited pronounced antifungal activity against a diverse range of plant pathogens, particularly against plant pathogenic oomycetes, which including <em>P. capsici</em>, <em>Phytophthora infestans</em>, <em>Phytophthora parasitica</em>, and <em>Phytophthora sojae</em>. The median effective concentration values of curcumol against <em>P. capsici</em> for spore germination and mycelial growth were 4.75 and 2.11 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. After treatment with curcumol, mycelia of <em>P. capsici</em> exhibited morphological and ultrastructual defects, which included swelling, hyperbranching, dissolution of plasma membrane, and loss of organelles. In addition, curcumol effectively inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a primary component of cell membrane, by downregulating the expression levels of genes participated in PC synthesis such as <em>Phospholipid N-methyltransferase</em> and <em>Cholinephosphotransferase</em>. This inhibition decreased the accumulation of PC and phospholipids within the cell, thereby increasing the cell membrane permeability and damaging its integrity. In the <em>in vivo</em> antifungal tests, curcumol reduced the disease incidence of <em>P. capsici</em> on tomato leaves as well as pepper seedlings. The systemicity tests further validated the strong phloem and xylem mobility of curcumol in both upward and downward directions. Taken together, these results indicated that curcumol could effectively combat diseases caused by <em>P. capsici</em> and had the potential for development into a novel fungicide for <em>P. capsici</em> management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional regulation of Cry2Ab toxin receptor ABCA2 gene in insects involves GATAe and splicing of a 5' UTR intron","authors":"Haixia Wang ,&nbsp;Anjing Li ,&nbsp;Huiran Bian ,&nbsp;Lang Jin ,&nbsp;Silu Ma ,&nbsp;Hanyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yongbo Yang ,&nbsp;Alejandra Bravo ,&nbsp;Mario Soberón ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) produces Cry toxins that are used to control insect pests worldwide. However, evolution of insect resistance threatens the sustainable application of these toxins. In some cases, Cry toxin resistance has been linked to mutations affecting toxin receptors expression. Previous work identified HaGATAe transcriptional factor (TF) to be involved in the expression of multiple Cry1 receptor genes. Also, it was reported that 5´untranslated region (UTR) could be involved in regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The ABCA2 protein functions as Cry2A toxin receptor in multiple lepidopteran species. Here, we investigated regulation of <em>HaABCA2</em> expression in <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> and in different insect cell lines. Transient expression of <em>HaABCA2</em> gene resulted in susceptibility to Cry2Ab in Sf9 cells. Transient expression of <em>HaGATAe</em> transcriptional factor in Sf9 cells enhanced the expression of multiple larval midgut proteins including SfABCA2, increasing the susceptibility to activated Cry2Ab<em>.</em> The silencing of <em>HaGATAe</em> expression in <em>H. armigera</em> larvae by RNAi, resulted in lower expression of <em>HaABCA2</em> which correlated with reduced susceptibility to Cry2Ab. The GATAe-binding site in the promoter of <em>HaABCA2</em> gene was identified by systematic truncations, site directed mutagenesis and DNA Pull-down analysis. In addition, 5’ RACE analysis revealed that <em>HaABCA2</em> transcripts in larval midgut cells had at least three different 5’ UTRs. Here we also show that the retention of an intron in one of these 5’ UTRs significantly inhibited the <em>HaABCA2</em> expression. A short sequence after the start codon of translation of <em>HaABCA2</em> was identified to be required for the intron removal. These findings provide new insight for mechanism of Cry2Ab resistance in <em>H. armigera</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin protects spermatogenic cells against DNA damage and necroptosis induced by atrazine","authors":"Tian-Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Ning-Ning Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping-An Jian ,&nbsp;Xiang-Yu Ma ,&nbsp;Xue-Nan Li ,&nbsp;Jin-Long Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrazine (ATZ), a widely used triazine herbicide, has been shown to disrupt reproductive development in organisms. Melatonin (MLT) is a natural hormone and has been shown to have strong antioxidant properties. Due to its lipophilicity, it can cross biological barriers freely and act on germ cells directly. However, the mechanism through which melatonin affects atrazine-induced damage to male sperm cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATZ on spermatocyte development and to elucidate MLT's role in preventing ATZ-induced spermatogenesis failure. Pubertal mice were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (Con), 5 mg/kg melatonin group (MLT), 170 mg/kg atrazine group (ATZ), and ATZ + MLT group. GC-1 cell culture was employed to access the in vitro effects of MLT and ATZ on spermatogonia. The results indicate that atrazine affected protein and metabolite composition, and reduced sperm viability, sperm motility (VAP, VSL and VCL) and levels of proteins related to spermatogenesis function in the mice testis. Melatonin alleviated the development of cellular DNA damage and necroptosis caused by atrazine both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we proposed that it was GC-1 cells developing necroptosis, but not other cell types in the testis. In conclusion, this study suggests that atrazine disrupts the development process, causing DNA damage in spermatozoa during spermatogenesis. Additionally, ATZ-induced necroptosis specifically targets spermatogenic cells. Notably, melatonin alleviates atrazine-induced necroptosis and DNA damage in spermatogenic cells. This study provides new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for atrazine-induced male infertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus regulates apoptosis by targeting AIF1 and ASPP1 through tca-miR-3885-5p and tca-miR-3897-3p to promote infection","authors":"Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangjie Han ,&nbsp;Chuanming Li ,&nbsp;Lixin Huang ,&nbsp;Qin Liu ,&nbsp;Manman Lin ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Jian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</em> granulovirus (CnmeGV) is a potential biocontrol agent for <em>C. medinalis</em> which is a major rice pest. However, its insecticidal efficacy is slow due to cell apoptosis. This study investigated the role of miRNAs in CnmeGV-mediated apoptosis. Small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR identified miRNAs tca-miR-3885-5p and tca-miR-3897-3p, which initially increased and then decreased post-infection, but remained higher than controls. This trend was opposite to the changes in midgut apoptosis levels detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA ladder assays. Compared to the group treated with CnmeGV alone, agomirs increased the CnmeGV-induced larval mortality, reduced midgut apoptosis, whereas antagomirs had the opposite effects. We found that the upregulation of CnmeGV replication induced by agomirs initially increased and then decreased, while the apoptosis inducer PAC-1 compensated for the weakening trend of CnmeGV replication upregulation induced by agomirs in the later stages of infection. Results indicated the virus hijacks these miRNAs to inhibit early apoptosis, later requiring apoptosis for systemic infection from the midgut. Agomirs treatment and dual-luciferase assays showed these miRNAs functioned via <em>apoptosis-inducing factor 1</em> (<em>AIF1</em>) and <em>apoptosis</em>-<em>stimulating protein of p53 1</em> (<em>ASPP1</em>) mRNA expression. This study highlights the role of these miRNAs in infection and provides insights for developing viral insecticide enhancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omeprazole and its analogs exhibit insecticidal potencies as inhibitors of insect choline acetyltransferase","authors":"Jingting Wang,&nbsp;Tianye Hu,&nbsp;Xu He,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Na Yu,&nbsp;Zewen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is crucial for acetylcholine synthesis and regulates diverse functions in numerous biological processes. Omeprazole, an inhibitor on human ChAT, was evaluated here on insect ChAT as a potential inhibitor, as well as its insecticidal potency on <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>, a major insect pest on rice. The evaluation also included omeprazole analogs and α-NETA, in order to explore a superior leading compound targeting on insect ChAT. In toxicity test, α-NETA and omeprazole exhibited insecticidal activity, among which omeprazole exhibited activity with a mortality of around 50 % on <em>N. lugens</em> nymphs at 0.4 mg/mL. <em>In vitro</em> crude enzyme assays showed that omeprazole acted as an inhibitor on insect ChAT with a high selectivity and exciting potency compared with α-NETA and control. Three residues (Tyr84, Val95, Tyr589) was critical in <em>N. lugens</em> ChAT for interacting with its substrate choline through molecular docking, and it also revealed that omeprazole exhibited a higher binding affinity toward ChAT catalytic tunnel compared with α-NETA. Based on this, we screened omeprazole analogs for their affinity to <em>N. lugens</em> ChAT, and two compounds stood out. The 5-hydroxy omeprazole had the highest binding affinity by prediction, and 5-<em>O</em>-desmethyl omeprazole was with the lowest binding affinity. The toxicity bioassay and enzyme activity test were then performed on these two compounds. Aligned with the docking results, 5-hydroxy omeprazole showed a strong inhibitory effect and insecticidal activity. In summary, omeprazole and 5-hydroxy omeprazole could serve as lead compounds for insecticides targeting on insect ChAT, a novel target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-evolved resistance to neonicotinoids in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, is associated with mutations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits combined with cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification","authors":"Caroline Fouet ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Pinch ,&nbsp;Fred A. Ashu ,&nbsp;Marilene M. Ambadiang ,&nbsp;Calmes Bouaka ,&nbsp;Anthoni J. Batronie ,&nbsp;Cesar A. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Desiree E. Rios ,&nbsp;Véronique Penlap-Beng ,&nbsp;Colince Kamdem","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New insecticides prequalified for malaria control interventions include modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that act selectively on different subunits leading to variable sensitivity among arthropods. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying contrasting susceptibility to neonicotinoids observed in wild populations of two mosquito sibling species. Bioassays and a synergist test with piperonyl butoxide revealed that the sister taxa, <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> and <em>An. coluzzii</em>, from Yaounde, Cameroon, both have the potential to develop resistance to acetamiprid through cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification. However, contrary to <em>An. coluzzii</em>, <em>An. gambiae</em> populations are evolving cross-resistance to several active ingredients facilitated by mutations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We sequenced coding regions on the β1 and α6 nAChR subunits where variants associated with resistance to neonicotinoids or to spinosyns have been found in agricultural pests and detected no mutation in <em>An. coluzzii</em>. By contrast, six nucleotide substitutions including an amino acid change in one of the loops that modulate ligand binding and affect sensitivity were present in the resistant species, <em>An. gambiae</em>. Allele frequency distributions were consistent with the spread of beneficial mutations that likely reduce the affinity of <em>An. gambiae</em> nAChRs for synthetic modulators. Our findings provide critical information for the application and resistance management of nAChR modulators in malaria prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of selectivity for azadirachtin in honeybees (Apis cerana): A new strategy for avoiding thiamethoxam ingestion","authors":"Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Sheng-nan Li ,&nbsp;Rui-quan Hou ,&nbsp;Peng-rui Du ,&nbsp;Kun-yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zeeshan ,&nbsp;Han-hong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhi-xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei-wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high toxicity of thiamethoxam (Thi) to foragers has threatened the development of bee populations and the use of neonicotinoid pesticides. In this study, we explored the mechanism of selective feeding on azadirachtin (Aza) by foragers to reduce the feeding of Aza-Thi and improve foragers' safety. The results showed that foragers under selective feeding significantly reduced the Aza sucrose solution intake. The Thi content in foragers was significantly lower, and the mortality rate was significantly reduced. In order to further analyze the selective feeding of foragers on Aza, the classic proboscis extension response (PER) experiment showed that Aza did not affect the learning ability of foragers, and the expression of related genes was not significantly different from the regular PER foragers. Further analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that compared with the regular PER foragers, treated with Aza were significantly affected in metabolic pathways and peroxisome and 67 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 136 were down-regulated. Differential metabolite analysis showed that metabolites primarily enriched in caffeine metabolism and microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and only dibucaine was up-regulated in response to Aza treatment. It is worth noting that dibucaine was significantly positively correlated with differentially expressed genes. Thus, our findings revealed that Aza does not affect the expression of memory genes in foragers. Aza affected the regular metabolic levels of foragers, leading to selective feeding of foragers on Aza, reduced intake of Aza-Thi, and increased safety for foragers. This study provides a reference for applying Aza to selective mechanisms in foragers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High resistance levels to pyrimethanil and fludioxonil among fourteen Penicillium spp. from pome fruits in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","authors":"Madan Pandey ,&nbsp;Achour Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, 162 <em>Penicillium</em> isolates, i.e., 31 <em>P. expansum</em> isolates and 131 isolates from 13 other <em>Penicillium</em> spp. referred to as “non-expansum” were collected from apples and pears from multiple packinghouses in Washington State and Oregon. The sensitivity of the isolates to the postharvest fungicides pyrimethanil (PYR) and fludioxonil (FDL) was assessed in vitro. The mean EC₅₀ value for PYR was 0.75 μg/mL in <em>P. expansum</em> compared to 1.63, 3.47, 6.95, 7.06 and 32.21 μg/mL in <em>P. solitum</em>, <em>P. palitans</em>, <em>P. commune</em>, <em>P. roqueforti</em> and <em>P. carneum</em>, respectively. For FDL, the mean EC₅₀ value was 0.04 μg/mL in <em>P. expansum</em> compared to &gt;0.80, 1.00, 10.40, 13.99, and 158.10 μg/mL in <em>P. commune</em>, P<em>. palitans</em>, <em>P. roqueforti</em>, <em>P. solitum</em>, and <em>P. paneum</em>, respectively. Overall, &gt; 40 % of isolates from five “non-expansum” species showed dual resistance to PYR and FDL versus 9.6 % in <em>P. expansum</em>. The recommended rates of PYR and FDL failed to control isolates of six <em>Penicillium</em> spp. on detached apples after five months at 1.5 °C. Sequencing of the Mdl1, NikA, and Os1 genes from different isolates of eight species revealed a high polymorphism in the Mdl1 and NikA of several “non-expansum” species. Three and two concurrent mutations, in addition to a G409R and S959, were detected in the Mdl1 and NikA, respectively, that potentially confer resistance to PYR and FDL. The high level of resistance and the control failure observed on fruits highlight the potential risk posed by several “non-expansum” <em>Penicillium</em> species to pome fruit packers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}