Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Resistance risk and mechanism of Ustilaginoidea virens to pydiflumetofen","authors":"Xiaoru Yin,&nbsp;Xinlong Gao,&nbsp;Xin Shen,&nbsp;Fuhao Ren,&nbsp;Yige Li,&nbsp;Mingguo Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Yabing Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice false smut, caused by <em>Ustilaginoidea virens</em>, is a devastating fungal disease in rice that not only leads to yield reduction but also poses a serious threat to food safety and human health due to the production of numerous mycotoxins. Pydiflumetofen, one of the most promising SDHI fungicides widely used for controlling various plant diseases, lacks available information regarding its antifungal activity against <em>U. virens</em> and the potential risk of resistance development in this pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 33 field-isolated strains of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen using mycelial growth inhibition method and assessed the potential for resistance development. The EC₅₀ values for pydiflumetofen against the tested strains ranged from 0.0032 to 0.0123 μg/mL, with an average EC₅₀ value of 0.0056 ± 0.0025 μg/mL. In addition, four strains of <em>U. virens</em> were randomly selected for chemical taming to evaluate their resistance risk to pydiflumetofen, resulting in the successful generation of eight stable and inheritable resistant mutants at a frequency of 1 %. These mutants exhibited significant differences in biological fitness compared to their respective parental strains. Cross-resistance tests revealed a correlation between pydiflumetofen and fluxapyroxad as well as fluopyram, but no evidence of cross-resistance was observed between pydiflumetofen and boscalid or tebuconazole. Therefore, we can conclude that the risk of resistance development in <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen is moderate. Finally, the target genes SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD in <em>U. virens</em> were initially identified, cloned, and sequenced to elucidate the mechanism underlying <em>U. virens</em> resistance to pydiflumetofen. Three mutation genotypes were found in the mutants: SDHB-H239Y, SDHB-H239L, and SDHC-A77V. The mutants carrying SDHB-H239Y exhibited low resistance, while SDHC-A77V showed moderate resistance, but the mutants with SDHB-H239L demonstrated high resistance. These findings contribute significantly to our comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen, and provide an important reference for chemical control strategies against rice false smut in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HcCYP6AE178 plays a crucial role in facilitating Hyphantria cunea's adaptation to a diverse range of host plants","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Lisha Yuan ,&nbsp;Dun Jiang ,&nbsp;Shanchun Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong multi-host adaptability significantly contributes to the rapid dissemination of <em>Hyphantria cunea.</em> The present study explores the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) in the multi-host adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> and aims to develop RNA pesticides targeting essential P450 genes to disrupt this adaptability. The results showed that inhibiting P450 activity notably reduced larval weight and food-intake across seven plants groups. The P450 gene <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> was highly upregulated in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae from medium- and low-preference host plant groups. Silencing <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> significantly decreased <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, increased larval mortality, inhibited energy metabolism genes expression and interfered with growth regulatory genes expression. Overexpression of <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> enhanced the tolerance of <em>Drosophila</em> and Sf9 cells to the plant defensive substances cytisine and coumarin. The RNA pesticide CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> constructed using chitosan (CS) exhibited remarkable stability. Treatment with CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> effectively reduced <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, heightened larval mortality, and disrupted growth regulatory genes expression in low-preference host plant groups. Combined treatment of CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> and coumarin significantly elevated <em>H. cunea</em> larval mortality compared to coumarin alone, accompanied by the inhibition of growth regulatory genes expression and an abnormal increase in energy metabolism genes expression. Taken together, <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> is essential for the adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> to multiple host plants, and RNA pesticides targeting <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> can effectively impair the performance of <em>H. cunea</em> in different host plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of dopa decarboxylase in the larval pupation and immunity of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella","authors":"Qiu-Li Hou ,&nbsp;Han-Qiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia-Ni Zhu ,&nbsp;Er-Hu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diamondback moth (<em>Plutella xylostella</em> L.), a notorious pest infesting cruciferous vegetables worldwide, has developed a high level of resistance to various commonly used chemical pesticides. In this paper, we explore whether dopa decarboxylase (DDC), which is essential for survival and development in insects, could be used as a potential target for the control of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Here, the full-length cDNA (<em>PxDDC</em>) of <em>P. xylostella</em> was identified, with a complete open reading frame of 1434 bp in length, encoding a protein of 477 amino acids. The temporal and spatial expression analysis showed a periodical expression pattern of <em>PxDDC</em> during molting, reaching a peak during the process of pupation, and it was found to be highly expressed in the epidermis of prepupal stage, indicating a crucial role of <em>PxDDC</em> in larval-pupal metamorphosis of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Subsequently, there was a significant decreasing in pupation and eclosion rates, and less production of melanin in <em>P. xylostella</em> after the disruption of <em>PxDDC</em> function by the injection of ds<em>PxDDC</em> (RNAi, RNA interference) or feeding a larval diet supplemented with L-α-methyl-DOPA (L-α-M-D) as DDC inhibitor. In addition, we found four antimicrobial peptide genes were significantly inhibited after feeding <em>P. xylostella</em> with L-α-M-D, and the injection of <em>Escherichia coli</em> could significantly increase insect mortality of enzyme inhibitor treated <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting <em>PxDDC</em> was involved in immune responses as well. In summary, these results confirm that <em>PxDDC</em> is required for larval-pupal metamorphosis and immunity of <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting a critical potential future novel insecticide target for RNAi based pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic potential of polyethylene glycol 400 for the control of Hyphantria cunea larvae by Beauveria bassiana","authors":"Heyang Sun ,&nbsp;Fusen Yue ,&nbsp;Mingtao Tan ,&nbsp;Yanzi Wang ,&nbsp;Shanchun Yan ,&nbsp;Dun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi as pest control agents is constrained by both their physiological state and external environmental factors. This study identified synergists capable of enhancing the insecticidal activity of <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> (Bb) and investigated the underlying synergistic mechanisms. Our results found that among 6 potential synergists, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and trehalose significantly improved Bb's lethality against <em>Hyphantria cunea</em> larvae, with PEG demonstrating the most pronounced effect. PEG treatment markedly increased Bb spore adhesion and germination rates, while spore hydrophobicity and growth rates remained unaffected. Moreover, PEG-treated spores exhibited higher thermal tolerance compared to untreated ones. In the Bb + PEG treatment group, the hemocyte count, encapsulation and melanization activities, and the expression of related regulatory genes were significantly lower than those in the Bb treatment group. Additionally, pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and humoral immunity effector genes expression were markedly suppressed in the Bb + PEG group. A significant reduction in the content of total amino acids, free fatty acids, glucose, and trehalose, alongside decreased expression of key regulatory genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis pathways, was observed in the Bb + PEG treatment group. Furthermore, PEG enhanced Bb-induced apoptosis in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae, as evidenced by the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes. Notably, PEG alone did not significantly impact the innate immunity, energy metabolism, or apoptosis in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae. Overall, PEG exhibits considerable potential in amplifying Bb's insecticidal activity by directly optimizing spore performance and indirectly modulating the larvae's innate immunity, energy metabolism, and apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the mechanisms of multiple resistance across glyphosate and glufosinate in Eleusine indica","authors":"Jingchao Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Shan ,&nbsp;Zhiling Li ,&nbsp;Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yu ,&nbsp;Hailan Cui ,&nbsp;Xiangju Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate are commonly used in citrus and sugarcane orchards in Guangxi Province, China, wherein the C₄ plant <em>Eleusine indica</em> (L.) Gaertn. is known to be a dominant weed species. However, high selection pressure has resulted in failure of control. In the present study, experiments were conducted to clarify resistance levels for the suspected populations and elucidate the mechanisms for multiple resistance. The resistance index to glyphosate was calculated for eight populations and ranged from 5.4 to 21.3, with a low-level shikimate content of 0.24–0.50 μg g⁻¹. In addition, three populations showed low-level resistance to glufosinate, with a resistance index ranging from 2.6 to 3.9. The amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (<em>EPSPS</em>) gene with a double-mutation T102I + P106S (TIPS) or a single-mutation (P106S and P106A) was observed in most populations. The target genes of glufosinate (<em>GS1–1, GS1–2,</em> and <em>GS1–3</em>) showed high-level expression, namely 145.5-fold that of susceptible plants. The content of EPSPS and glutamine synthetase (GS) protein in resistant plants can reach to 3.6 and 2.1 times higher than those in susceptible plants, respectively. The overexpression of the <em>EPSPS</em> gene with double (T102I + P106S) or single (P106S and P106A) mutations, plus the overexpression of <em>GS1–1</em>, <em>GS1–2</em>, and <em>GS1–3</em>, responded to multiple resistance mechanisms. Altogether, these results demonstrate that overexpression of <em>GS1</em> is a novel form of resistant mechanism to glufosinate in weeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deltamethrin exposure caused renal inflammation and renal fibrosis via upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated TXNDC5 level in mice","authors":"Zhou Jiang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Huabin Cao,&nbsp;Chenghong Xing,&nbsp;Huating Wang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Guoliang Hu,&nbsp;Xiaona Gao,&nbsp;Guyue Li,&nbsp;Xiaoquan Guo,&nbsp;Xueyan Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deltamethrin (DLM) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that is extensively applied to agriculture, veterinary medicine and livestock pest control. Excessive accumulation of DLM in the body can lead to nephrotoxicity, but the precise toxic mechanism remains obscure. Therefore, we established in vivo models of DLM-exposed mice for 30 days and in vitro models of DLM-exposed renal tubular epithelial cells of mice. The results revealed adverse effects on renal function in mice exposed to excessive DLM, manifested as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling, local inflammatory infiltration in renal tissue and increased collagen fibers, suggesting renal inflammation and fibrosis, etc. Subsequently, in vivo experiments, we found that DLM exposure increased expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors, significantly upregulated the expression of TXNDC5, and enhanced the colocalization of GRP78 with TXNDC5. Notably, DLM exposure also strengthened the co-localization of TXNDC5 with NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, upregulated the expression levels of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB and TGF-β/SMAD2/3 pathways, alongside inflammation and fibrosis-related factors, these changes exhibited a dose-dependent effect. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments, the results of ERS, inflammation, and fibrosis-related factor expression levels were consistent with those observed in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that TXNDC5 might played a certain role in DLM-induced nephrotoxicity. Specifically, DLM exposure could trigger ERS, increase TXNDC5 expression, and promote TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathways, leading to renal inflammation and fibrosis in mice. These discoveries not only deepen our understanding of DLM toxicity but also provide valuable avenues for exploring mitigation strategies and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AKH/AKHR signalling system induced antioxidant response mediated by entomopathogenic fungi in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)","authors":"Ruoheng Jin ,&nbsp;Beibei Wang ,&nbsp;Guijian Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunxia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> is one of the most economically important rice crop pests in Asia. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been developed as a biological control of <em>N. lugens</em>. Insect adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are pleiotropic hormones that play a protective role in response to oxidative stress. However, the role of AKH in the anti-oxidative response of <em>N. lugens</em> to EPFs (<em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>) infection remains largely unexplored. In this study, the results of relative enzyme activities and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes demonstrated the response of the antioxidant system of <em>N. lugens</em> to EPF infection. Additionally, the expression of AKH/adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) also induced responding to the infection of EPF in <em>N. lugens</em>. Silencing <em>NlAKH</em> or <em>NlAKHR</em> significantly increased mortality in nymphs treated with fungi compared with controls, whereas the injection of AKH peptide decreased mortality. Further research indicated that the AKH/AKHR system positively influenced antioxidant enzymes, potentially involving the transcription factors forkhead-box O and Cap’ n’ collar C. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for developing new pest control agents targeting the neuropeptide AKH and offer new insights for mitigating brown planthopper resistance and promoting green control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of imidacloprid and diuron by Simplicillium sp. QHSH-33","authors":"Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Xin-Ran Ke ,&nbsp;Wan-Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin-Yuan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun Song ,&nbsp;Mei-Juan Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiao-Juan Gao ,&nbsp;Li Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Ji ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Li Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid (IMI) and diuron (DIU) are widely used pesticides in agricultural production. However, their excessive use and high residues have caused harm to the ecological environment and human health. Microbial remediation as an efficient and low-toxic method has become a research hotspot for controlling environmental pollutants. A fungus QHSH-33, identified as <em>Simplicillium</em> sp., has the ability to degrade neonicotinoids IMI and phenylurea DIU. When QHSH-33 and pesticide were co-cultured in liquid medium for 7 days, the degradation rates of IMI and DIU by QHSH-33 in simulated field soil microenvironment were 50.19 % and 70.57 %, respectively. Through HPLC-MS analysis, it was found that the degradation of IMI mainly involved nitro reduction, hydroxylation and other reactions. Three degradation pathways and eight degradation products were identified, among which two metabolites were obtained by microbial transformation of IMI for the first time. The degradation of DIU mainly involved demethylation and dehalogenation reactions, and two degradation pathways and four degradation products were identified, one of which was a new degradation product of DIU. Toxicity assessment demonstrated that most of the degradation products might be considerably less harmful than IMI and DIU. Whole genome sequencing of QHSH-33 revealed a genome size of 33.2 Mbp with 11,707 genes. The genome of QHSH-33 was annotated by KEGG to reveal 128 genes related to exogenous degradation and metabolism. After local blast with reported IMI and DIU degrading enzymes, seven IMI-degrading related genes and seven DIU-degrading related genes were identified in the QHSH-33 genome. The results of this study will help to expand our knowledge on the microbial decomposition metabolism of IMI and DIU, and provide new insights into the degradation mechanism of IMI and DIU in soil and pure culture system, laying a foundation for QHSH-33 strain applied to the removal, biotransformation or detoxification of IMI and DIU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive effects of acetamiprid uptake and translocation from soil on pak choi and lettuce at the environmental level","authors":"Jizhen Fu ,&nbsp;Suzhen Li ,&nbsp;Shijie Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhao ,&nbsp;Ercheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acetamiprid (ACE) is widely used in agriculture to control pests. However, its accumulation in soil and subsequent translocation to plants can impact plant growth and development through mechanisms that remain unclear. This study evaluated the comprehensive effects of residual ACE from soil on cultivated pak choi and lettuce at environmental levels. Results showed that more than 90 % of ACE residues in the soils dissipated within 14 days. The average root concentration factor (RCF) values of pak choi and lettuce were 1.442 and 0.318, respectively, while the average translocation factor (TF) values were 2.145 for pak choi and 5.346 for lettuce. Seedling height increased by 6.32 % in pak choi but decreased by 8.54 % in lettuce. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased by 14.6 % in pak choi and increased by 23.7 % in lettuce. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis showed significant disturbances in carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary metabolite levels. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis revealed the down-regulation of amino acid metabolites in both vegetables, alongside an up-regulation of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in pak choi. This research enhances the understanding of the effects and underlying metabolic mechanism of ACE on different vegetables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimethyl trisulfide reduces postharvest anthracnose and enhances mango quality, and a potential molecular mechanism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","authors":"Lihua Tang ,&nbsp;Ruyun Qin ,&nbsp;Suiping Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Chen ,&nbsp;Tangxun Guo ,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang ,&nbsp;Qili Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mango anthracnose, mainly caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, is the major destructive postharvest disease of mango during storage and transport. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), an organic volatile found in some microorganisms or plants, inhibited growth of <em>C. gloeosporioides in vitro</em>, but its effects on mango anthracnose and its molecular mechanisms of action have not been well characterized. In this study, the EC₅₀ of DMTS against <em>Colletotrichum spp.</em> from mango mainly ranged from 2.3 to 20.0 μL/L. <em>In vivo</em>, the fumigation rates of 20 μL/L of DMTS for 24 h, or 80 μL/L for 3 h or 6 h could effectively reduce severity of anthracnose (natural inoculum) on postharvest mangoes with inhibitory effects of 61.7 %, 65.7 %, and 69.4 %, respectively, as observed 10 days after treatment. Furthermore, there was no detectable DMTS residue in mango skin or flesh, and an overall improvement in the quality of the fruit with higher soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin c, and β-carotene, and lower titratable acidity than the non-treated control. In addition, DMTS could significantly reduce ergosterol content in mycelia of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>, and gene expression analysis showed DMTS significantly suppressed expression of ergosterol biosynthesis-related genes <em>Cgerg6</em> and <em>Cgerg11</em> after mycelia were exposed to DMTS. Knock-out mutants for each of these two genes showed reduced sensitivity to DMTS. After gene complementation <em>in situ</em>, the sensitivity of complementary transformants to DMTS was restored to that of the parental strain. Therefore, we concluded that the genes <em>Cgerg6</em> and <em>Cgerg11</em> are involved in an interaction with the antifungal activity of DMTS. This is the first study to demonstrate a control effect of DMTS on mango postharvest anthracnose resulting in reduced disease severity and enhanced fruit quality. Transformant studies also revealed some potential molecular mechanisms of the antifungal activity of DMTS that may lead to improved management of mango postharvest anthracnose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}