Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing pesticide-biocontrol agent compatibility: A metadata-based review","authors":"Ewumi Azeez Folorunso ,&nbsp;Andrea Bohata ,&nbsp;Jan Mraz","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexities of non-target effects of registered pesticides on biocontrol agents (BCAs) hinder the optimization of integrated pest management programs in agriculture. The wealth of literature on BCA-pesticide compatibility allows for the investigation of factors influencing BCA susceptibility and the generalized impacts of different pesticides. We conducted a meta-analysis using 2088 observations from 122 published articles to assess non-target effects on two phytoseiid species (<em>Neoseiulus californicus</em> and <em>Phytoseiulus persimilis</em>), a parasitoid (<em>Encarsia formosa</em>), and two microbial BCAs (<em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> and <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>). We explored the contributions of bioassay factors (exposure duration, temperature, test methods, mode of actions (MOA), and type of pesticide), and simulated effects of compatibility on target pests. MOA groups 21 and 6 were the most harmful to predatory mites and <em>E. formosa</em>, increasing mortality during pesticide-BCA compatibility. Exposure duration, temperature, and test methods were identified as the most influential factors increasing mortality in phytoseiids during pesticide exposure. Insecticides and fungicides were the most represented and harmful groups to BCAs. Although most bioassays were conducted at room temperature, temperatures between 21 and 22 °C were the most harmful to phytoseiids and <em>E. formosa</em> during toxicity assays. Exposure durations of 1–3 days (54–85 %) for predators/parasitoids and 1–5 days (&gt;50 %) for microbial BCAs highlight the lack of data on long-term impacts. In assessing pesticide impacts on target pests, pesticides with compatible concentrations above mean LC50 values were more effective. This study not only identified compatibility trends but also highlighted factors responsible for discrepancies in results and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mite control and agricultural safety with etoxazole-loaded chitin nanocrystals: Synthesis, characterization, and ecological impacts","authors":"Xu Zhifeng ,&nbsp;Feng Guo ,&nbsp;Zhang Chenghao ,&nbsp;Xia Wei ,&nbsp;Li Maoyan ,&nbsp;Qian Kun ,&nbsp;Zhang Yongqiang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), known for their high aspect ratio, surface charge, and mobility, are promising bio-based nanomaterials for drug delivery. However, their potential as pesticide carriers in agriculture remains underexplored. Etoxazole, a diphenyl oxalate acaricide, effectively inhibits egg hatching and the normal molting process in mites but suffers from rapid degradation and short persistence in field applications. This study introduces a novel formulation, Eto@ChNC, prepared by complexing TEMPO-oxidized ChNCs with etoxazole via a one-pot method. Eto@ChNC was evaluated for controlling <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>, demonstrating significantly enhanced rapid action and prolonged efficacy compared to traditional formulations. The formulation increased the synergistic effects on mite eggs and deutonymphs by 41.74 % and 67.85 %, respectively, extending effectiveness by two days. The improved performance was attributed to the enhanced wetting ability of Eto@ChNC on leaf surfaces and its superior inhibition of the epidermal chitin content in <em>T. urticae</em>, facilitating greater etoxazole penetration. Transcriptome sequencing revealed numerous differentially expressed genes related to chitin metabolism, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased efficacy. Safety assessments confirmed that Eto@ChNC did not elevate toxicity to earthworms or predatory mites and promoted the growth of wheat and cowpea, underscoring its environmental safety. These findings highlight Eto@ChNC as a significant advancement in bio-based acaricide formulations, offering promising applications in mite management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake, translocation and metabolism of N-phenyl-phthalamic acid in pepper and wheat","authors":"Zheng Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Tianhua Chai ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Yao ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Qifeng Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>-phenyl-phthalamic acid (PPA) is a new type of plant growth regulator that is widely utilized on fruit trees and crops in China. Understanding the physical and chemical behavior of PPA in plants is crucial for formulating application strategies and predicting potential environmental risks. This study investigated the uptake, translocation, and metabolism processes of PPA in pepper and wheat after different treatments. The roots of pepper and wheat can rapidly absorb and translocate PPA to the stems and leaves. In the 100 μg/mL treatment group, the PPA concentrations in the roots, stems, and leaves of pepper reached their maximum within 10 h after treatment, with 19.8, 2.4, and 2.9 mg/kg, respectively. Similar results can be detected in wheat. PPA can also be translocated from treated leaves to the entire plant in both pepper and wheat, and it tends to accumulate more in the upper leaves, with PPA mass percentages of 36.4 % and 36.9 % in the upper leaves of wheat and pepper, respectively, at 96 h. PPA is easily degradable in the plant body and seeds (the t_1/2 was 1.3–3.3 d). The above results indicate that PPA is easily absorbed by the roots, leaves, and seeds of crops and, undergoes bidirectional translocation, and is easily degradable, which means that PPA can be applied in various ways and poses a relatively low risk to food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emamectin benzoate and nanoplastics induce PANoptosis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gill through MAPK pathway","authors":"Zhangyi Ju ,&nbsp;Yanju Bi ,&nbsp;Meichen Gao ,&nbsp;Yilin Yin ,&nbsp;Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Shiwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a pesticide that is frequently used. Nanoplastics (NPs) are a recently identified class of pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment. In the aquatic environment, NPs can appear together with EMB, which may exacerbates the damage to water and aquatic organisms. However, the damage and mechanism of EMB and NPs to the gill tissue of common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) remain unclear. Therefore, an EMB or/NPs exposure model was constructed to explore the mechanism of EMB or/NPs exposure on carp gill damage. This study was done by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, Western blot and other methods. Both <em>in vitro and in vivo</em> data indicated that EMB or NPs exposure could lead to gill tissue destruction, oxidative stress with the increased of ROS fluorescence intensity, MDA and H₂O₂ content, and the decreased CAT and GSH-PX activity, and the activation of MAPK pathway. Subsequently, PANoptosomes were activated with the up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of RIPK-1, Caspase-1,NLRP3, ACS, RIPK-3, Caspase-8, resulting in PANoptosis including the increased GSDMD, Caspase-3, MLKL expression. Notably, the results following combined exposure were more pronounced than those observed following exposure alone. The addition of <em>N</em>-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 3-methylindole (3-MI) further evidenced that EMB or/and NPs exposure can induce gill damage <em>via</em> the ROS/MAPK/PANoptosis pathway. Therefore, the present study reveals that EMB or/NPs exposure induces PANoptosis in carp gill by activating ROS/p38/MAPK signaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LdAMPKα2 knockdown accelerated the growth but depressed the chitin biosynthesis in Lymantria dispar larvae","authors":"Zizhuo Wang,&nbsp;Ze Wang,&nbsp;Chuanshan Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a crucial cellular energy sensor across all eukaryotic species. Its multiple roles in maintaining energy homeostasis, regulating cellular metabolic processes have been widely investigated in mammals. In contrast, the function of AMPK in insects has been less reported. Here, we successfully identified three AMPK subunits from <em>Lymantria dispar</em> (<em>L. dispar</em>), a Lepidoptera pest in forestry. Based on that, in particular, the role of AMPK signaling in regulating larval development, as well as chitin biosynthesis was investigated by the application of RNAi-mediated <em>LdAMPKα2</em> knockdown. The results indicated that knockdown of <em>LdAMPKα2</em> significantly increased the body weight of L. <em>dispar</em> larvae, and dramatically upregulated the expression of <em>LdmTOR</em>, <em>LdS6K</em> and <em>LdSREBP1</em>, the key genes in mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway. While, it significantly reduced the expression of <em>Ld4EBP</em>, a critical repressor of mTOR pathway. Besides, the glucose level was increased and trehalose level was decreased in L. <em>dispar</em> after <em>LdAMPKα2</em> silencing. Furthermore, we found that the chitin content in the epidermis, as well as the expressions of four key genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway<em>, LdGFAT</em>, <em>LdPAGM</em>, <em>LdUAP</em> and <em>LdCHSA</em>, were significantly decreased after <em>LdAMPKα2</em> knockdown. Taken together, these results revealed that AMPK signaling played a pivotal role in regulating the growth and development, as well as carbohydrate metabolism and chitin biosynthesis in L. <em>dispar</em> larvae. The findings expand our understanding of the comprehensive regulatory role of AMPK signaling in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cationic AIE luminutesogen TBPD2+-6C as a potential bacterial detection agent and bactericide for plants bacterium","authors":"Renjiang Guo ,&nbsp;Ya Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiu Guo ,&nbsp;Hong Tu ,&nbsp;Qilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of plant bacterial pathogens poses a significant threat to the yield and quality of essential food crops and cash crops globally. Our research introduced a versatile cationic AIE fluorescent probe for detecting and eliminating plant bacteria. With its unique aggregation-induced emission property, TBPD²⁺-6C can effectively detect plant bacteria by causing a fluorescence quenching effect and enables bacterial imaging under green fluorescence channels. Additionally, TBPD²⁺-6C demonstrates outstanding antibacterial effectiveness, with EC₅₀ values of 0.27, 3.86, 0.47, and 11.5 μg/mL against <em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzicola</em> (<em>Xoc</em>), <em>X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em> (<em>Psa</em>), and <em>X. axonopodis pv. citri (Xac),</em> respectively. In vivo testing against <em>Xoc</em> revealed that TBPD²⁺-6C showed better activity than commercial thiodiazole copper (TC) and bismerthiazol (BT). Furthermore, the investigation into the antibacterial mechanism revealed that the cationic compound can effectively integrate into the bacterial membrane, disrupt the membrane structure, trigger ROS accumulation, and inhibit biofilm formation. In conclusion, the development of multifunctional, broad-spectrum antimicrobial system molecular designs for rapid real-time detection, imaging, and elimination of resistant microbes could play a vital role in combating pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two critical detoxification enzyme genes, NlCYP301B1 and NlGSTm2 confer pymetrozine resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål","authors":"Dan Sun ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zeng ,&nbsp;Qiuchen Xu,&nbsp;Mingyun Wang,&nbsp;Xuping Shentu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper (BPH), <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> Stål, is a notorious pest that infests rice across Asia. The rapid evolution of chemical pesticide resistance in BPH poses an ongoing threat to agriculture and human health. Currently, pymetrozine has emerged as a viable alternative to imidacloprid for managing <em>N. lugens</em>. The detoxification of insecticides in insects includes three major metabolic gene families: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and carboxylesterases (CarEs). In this study, highly resistant strains of BPH to pymetrozine (BPH-R₄₀: 705-fold) were created from the susceptible BPH strain through continuous multi-selection. The activities of detoxifying enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and CarEs were measured. Notably, P450s and GSTs exhibited significantly higher activity in the pymetrozine-resistance strain than that of the susceptible BPH strain. Hence, we characterized P450s and GSTs genes in <em>N. lugens</em> and revealed their phylogeny, structure, motif analysis, and chromosome location. Subsequently, the expression profiles of 53 P450s and 11 GSTs genes were quantified, and two crucial detoxifying enzyme genes, <em>NlCYP301B1</em> and <em>NlGSTm2</em>, were identified as being involved in pymetrozine resistance. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of <em>NlCYP301B1</em> and <em>NlGSTm2</em> gene expression significantly increased larval mortality of BPH in response to pymetrozine. To our knowledge, enhancing the activity of key detoxification enzymes to resist insecticides represents a widespread and vital defense mechanism in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance risk and mechanism of Ustilaginoidea virens to pydiflumetofen","authors":"Xiaoru Yin,&nbsp;Xinlong Gao,&nbsp;Xin Shen,&nbsp;Fuhao Ren,&nbsp;Yige Li,&nbsp;Mingguo Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Yabing Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice false smut, caused by <em>Ustilaginoidea virens</em>, is a devastating fungal disease in rice that not only leads to yield reduction but also poses a serious threat to food safety and human health due to the production of numerous mycotoxins. Pydiflumetofen, one of the most promising SDHI fungicides widely used for controlling various plant diseases, lacks available information regarding its antifungal activity against <em>U. virens</em> and the potential risk of resistance development in this pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 33 field-isolated strains of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen using mycelial growth inhibition method and assessed the potential for resistance development. The EC₅₀ values for pydiflumetofen against the tested strains ranged from 0.0032 to 0.0123 μg/mL, with an average EC₅₀ value of 0.0056 ± 0.0025 μg/mL. In addition, four strains of <em>U. virens</em> were randomly selected for chemical taming to evaluate their resistance risk to pydiflumetofen, resulting in the successful generation of eight stable and inheritable resistant mutants at a frequency of 1 %. These mutants exhibited significant differences in biological fitness compared to their respective parental strains. Cross-resistance tests revealed a correlation between pydiflumetofen and fluxapyroxad as well as fluopyram, but no evidence of cross-resistance was observed between pydiflumetofen and boscalid or tebuconazole. Therefore, we can conclude that the risk of resistance development in <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen is moderate. Finally, the target genes SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD in <em>U. virens</em> were initially identified, cloned, and sequenced to elucidate the mechanism underlying <em>U. virens</em> resistance to pydiflumetofen. Three mutation genotypes were found in the mutants: SDHB-H239Y, SDHB-H239L, and SDHC-A77V. The mutants carrying SDHB-H239Y exhibited low resistance, while SDHC-A77V showed moderate resistance, but the mutants with SDHB-H239L demonstrated high resistance. These findings contribute significantly to our comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of <em>U. virens</em> to pydiflumetofen, and provide an important reference for chemical control strategies against rice false smut in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HcCYP6AE178 plays a crucial role in facilitating Hyphantria cunea's adaptation to a diverse range of host plants","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Lisha Yuan ,&nbsp;Dun Jiang ,&nbsp;Shanchun Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong multi-host adaptability significantly contributes to the rapid dissemination of <em>Hyphantria cunea.</em> The present study explores the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) in the multi-host adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> and aims to develop RNA pesticides targeting essential P450 genes to disrupt this adaptability. The results showed that inhibiting P450 activity notably reduced larval weight and food-intake across seven plants groups. The P450 gene <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> was highly upregulated in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae from medium- and low-preference host plant groups. Silencing <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> significantly decreased <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, increased larval mortality, inhibited energy metabolism genes expression and interfered with growth regulatory genes expression. Overexpression of <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> enhanced the tolerance of <em>Drosophila</em> and Sf9 cells to the plant defensive substances cytisine and coumarin. The RNA pesticide CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> constructed using chitosan (CS) exhibited remarkable stability. Treatment with CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> effectively reduced <em>H. cunea</em> larval body weight, heightened larval mortality, and disrupted growth regulatory genes expression in low-preference host plant groups. Combined treatment of CS-ds<em>HcCYP6AE178</em> and coumarin significantly elevated <em>H. cunea</em> larval mortality compared to coumarin alone, accompanied by the inhibition of growth regulatory genes expression and an abnormal increase in energy metabolism genes expression. Taken together, <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> is essential for the adaptation of <em>H. cunea</em> to multiple host plants, and RNA pesticides targeting <em>HcCYP6AE178</em> can effectively impair the performance of <em>H. cunea</em> in different host plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of dopa decarboxylase in the larval pupation and immunity of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella","authors":"Qiu-Li Hou ,&nbsp;Han-Qiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia-Ni Zhu ,&nbsp;Er-Hu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diamondback moth (<em>Plutella xylostella</em> L.), a notorious pest infesting cruciferous vegetables worldwide, has developed a high level of resistance to various commonly used chemical pesticides. In this paper, we explore whether dopa decarboxylase (DDC), which is essential for survival and development in insects, could be used as a potential target for the control of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Here, the full-length cDNA (<em>PxDDC</em>) of <em>P. xylostella</em> was identified, with a complete open reading frame of 1434 bp in length, encoding a protein of 477 amino acids. The temporal and spatial expression analysis showed a periodical expression pattern of <em>PxDDC</em> during molting, reaching a peak during the process of pupation, and it was found to be highly expressed in the epidermis of prepupal stage, indicating a crucial role of <em>PxDDC</em> in larval-pupal metamorphosis of <em>P. xylostella</em>. Subsequently, there was a significant decreasing in pupation and eclosion rates, and less production of melanin in <em>P. xylostella</em> after the disruption of <em>PxDDC</em> function by the injection of ds<em>PxDDC</em> (RNAi, RNA interference) or feeding a larval diet supplemented with L-α-methyl-DOPA (L-α-M-D) as DDC inhibitor. In addition, we found four antimicrobial peptide genes were significantly inhibited after feeding <em>P. xylostella</em> with L-α-M-D, and the injection of <em>Escherichia coli</em> could significantly increase insect mortality of enzyme inhibitor treated <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting <em>PxDDC</em> was involved in immune responses as well. In summary, these results confirm that <em>PxDDC</em> is required for larval-pupal metamorphosis and immunity of <em>P. xylostella</em>, suggesting a critical potential future novel insecticide target for RNAi based pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}