Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Honey bees prefer moderate sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid and experience increased mortality” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 208 (2025) 106320].","authors":"Jingliang Shi , Xiaolong Wang , Yi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translocation, distribution, and metabolism of tolfenpyrad in soil-cultivated and hydroponic endive (Cichorium endivia) and the assessment of potential health risk","authors":"Fanxia Liao ,&nbsp;Huijun Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaotao Wu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Aihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Shi ,&nbsp;Kankan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tolfenpyrad is broadly used in the agricultural industry; however, the environmental fate of tolfenpyrad in crops has not been clearly demonstrated. In this work, the translocation and distribution of tolfenpyrad were investigated in endive under soil-cultivated and hydroponic conditions. Endive roots can easily absorb and accumulate tolfenpyrad from cultivation media due to the high bioconcentration factors (&gt; &gt; 1). Except for the easy downward translocation in hydroponic endive (translocation factors (TFs) close to 1), the upward and downward translocation was limited (TF &lt; 1). Moreover, three metabolites were identified. Tolfenpyrad dissipated quickly in hydroponic endive (half-lives of 5.2–6.9 d) and the health risk is acceptable (risk quotient &lt;100 %). These findings may be attributed to the hydrophobicity of tolfenpyrad, as well as specific morphological and growth rate properties of endive under different cultivation conditions. The results provide information for the proper application of tolfenpyrad and risk prevention in crops for consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing fatty acyl-CoA reductase with dsRNA damaged the lipid-based cuticle barrier in Locusta migratoria","authors":"Hongfang Guo ,&nbsp;Weimin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Liu ,&nbsp;Bernard Moussian ,&nbsp;Zhangwu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) prevent massive water loss and are therefore essential for insect survival in scorching and dry environments. <em>Locusta migratoria</em>, a widespread agricultural pest, is exposed to elevated temperatures in its natural habitat. To understand the molecular mechanisms in L. <em>migratoria</em> against desiccation, we identified and characterized a <em>fatty acyl-CoA reductase</em> gene (<em>LmFAR</em>). <em>LmFAR</em> was highly expressed in the integument and fat body. Moreover, we found that LmFAR protein was localized in oenocytes. After suppressing <em>LmFAR</em>, over 90 % locusts died with a reduction of body water content. The procuticle structure of ds<em>LmFAR</em> treated insects was loose and cuticle barrier was disrupted, suggesting that FAR products are important to incorporate into the chitin matrix. ds<em>LmFAR</em> treated locusts showed increased sensitivity to desiccation conditions, xenobiotics and insecticides penetration was facilitated. CHC quantification by GC–MS analysis and <em>in situ</em> lipid detection by Bodipy both indicated that knockdown of <em>LmFAR</em> resulted in a decrease in total cuticle lipid amounts. In conclusion, <em>LmFAR</em> contributes to normal CHC amounts and cuticle integrity in locusts, thereby contributing to their adaptation to water variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the variations in acaricide sensitivity between two spider mite species, Amphitetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus urticae, in Chinese orchards","authors":"Xueli Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amphitetranychus viennensis</em> and <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>, are destructive agricultural and horticultural pests. Their management primarily relies on acaricides; however, little is known about the susceptibility of these two species to these chemicals. The current study assessed the susceptibility of <em>A. viennensis</em> and <em>T. urticae</em> to ten acaricides, investigated the detoxification enzyme activities, and conducted transcriptional analyses after bifenazate and cyetpyrafen exposure. The results showed that the LC₅₀ values of most acaricides against <em>T. urticae</em> were notably higher than those for <em>A. viennensis</em> at different developmental stages. At the adult stage, <em>A. viennensis</em> was more tolerant to bifenazate than <em>T. urticae,</em> while <em>A. viennensis</em> showed increased sensitivity to cyetpyrafen than <em>T. urticae</em>. After cyetpyrafen exposure, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in <em>T. urticae</em> were markedly higher at 6 and 12 h, whereas that in <em>A. viennensis</em> increased only at 6 h. No notable differences in cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) levels were found in <em>T. urticae</em> between the control and treatment groups (cyetpyrafen or bifenazate). However, <em>A. viennensis</em> treated with either cyetpyrafen or bifenazate showed a marked decrease in P450 levels at 12 h. Furthermore, more detoxification genes in both species were activated in response to bifenazate or cyetpyrafen. Differential metabolic detoxification mediated by P450 and GST genes may primarily account for the distinct responses of these species to bifenazate and cyetpyrafen. These findings reveal the distinct detoxification capacities of the two species in response to acaricides and highlight the importance of applying species-specific management strategies for these pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of carboxylesterase gene mediates resistance to indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura","authors":"Yao Shi ,&nbsp;Hengji Wang ,&nbsp;Mengyu Wang,&nbsp;Zi Tang,&nbsp;Qingqi Meng,&nbsp;Ziquan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolan Liao,&nbsp;Li Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play a critical role in metabolic resistance to insecticides of insects. But fewer CarEs were associated with insecticide bioactivation in insects. Previous findings showed that four CarE genes were downregulated in the indoxacarb resistant populations of <em>Spodoptera litura.</em> In this study, qPCR verification showed that the expression of <em>SlituCOE067</em> was downregulated in the resistant strains and gradually decreased after exposure to indoxacarb. Silencing of <em>SlituCOE067</em> increased the cells viability of <em>S. litura</em> against indoxacarb, and further knockdown of <em>SlituCOE067</em> reduced the sensitivity of larvae to indoxacarb. Overexpression of <em>SlituCOE067</em> in transgenic fruit flies decreased the tolerance to indoxacarb. Molecular modeling and insecticide docking predicted that SlituCOE067 protein can bind tightly to indoxacarb instead of its activated product N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW). Heterologous expression and metabolism experiment proved that recombinant SlituCOE067 can promote the activation of indoxacarb into DCJW, but cannot metabolize DCJW. These results comprehensively demonstrate that downregulation of <em>SlituCOE067</em> can reduce the activation metabolism of indoxacarb and mediate the resistance of <em>S. litura</em> to indoxacarb. This study reveals a new mechanism of insecticide resistance caused by blocking the activation of insecticides in lepidoptera insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of CYP3002B2, a cytochrome P450 associated with amitraz and flumethrin resistance in the major bee parasite Varroa destructor","authors":"Konstantinos Mavridis ,&nbsp;Dimitra Tsakireli ,&nbsp;Spyridon Vlogiannitis ,&nbsp;Jason Charamis ,&nbsp;Inga Siden-Kiamos ,&nbsp;Angelina Fathia Osabutey ,&nbsp;Victoria Soroker ,&nbsp;John Vontas","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beekeeping worldwide is increasingly threatened by the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em>, whose management relies heavily on synthetic acaricides such as amitraz and flumethrin. However, the growing incidence of acaricide resistance in <em>V. destructor</em> presents a significant global challenge to apiculture. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance to these compounds in a <em>V. destructor</em> population exhibiting reduced susceptibility to both amitraz and flumethrin. Specifically, bioassays revealed that the resistant population (IL-R) displayed 35.0 % mortality in response to amitraz and 39.5 % mortality to flumethrin, in contrast to &gt;90 % mortality observed in the susceptible IL-L and ATH-S populations. The resistance phenotype was not strongly associated with any of the known target site mutations; the putative amitraz resistance mutation F290L in the <em>Octβ2R</em> gene, and the pyrethroid resistant mutation L925V in the <em>vgsc</em> gene, were found at low frequencies (8.6 % and 13.6 % respectively). Transcriptomic analysis, comparing gene expression levels between the resistant population and two susceptible populations, revealed that resistance is associated with the overexpression of several cuticle genes and the cytochrome P450 gene <em>CYP3002B2</em>. CYP3002B2 was functionally expressed in <em>E. coli</em>, exhibiting catalytic activity against multiple model substrates and effectively metabolizing both amitraz and flumethrin. The predominant product of amitraz metabolism is likely an inactive, hydroxylated form of the insecticide, rather than any of the known activated/toxic metabolites of amitraz. These findings are crucial for evidence-based <em>V. destructor</em> management, as CYP3002B2 is the first detoxification enzyme shown to metabolize two major acaricides from different modes of action classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple mechanisms associated with deltamethrin and imidacloprid resistance in field-collected common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L.","authors":"Jin-Jia Yu ,&nbsp;Shao-Hung Lee ,&nbsp;Chow-Yang Lee ,&nbsp;Changlu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are commonly used to manage the common bed bug (<em>Cimex lectularius</em> L.) infestations. However, the effectiveness of these insecticides is often challenged due to insecticide resistance. We investigated the mechanisms of deltamethrin and imidacloprid resistance in eight <em>C. lectularius</em> strains collected from New Jersey, U.S. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), and diethyl maleate (DEM) were topically applied on bed bugs before deltamethrin or imidacloprid treatments (deltamethrin: 115 ng per adult; imidacloprid: 67 ng per adult). The results showed that PBO and DEF had a greater synergistic effect with deltamethrin treatments than DEM based on the significantly increased 72 h mortality of Aberdeen, Bayonne 2015, Cotton, Irvington, and Irvington 624-5G strains. With imidacloprid alone, seven out of eight strains experienced 100 % mortality except for the Linden 2019 strain. The Linden 2019 strain had mean mortalities of 93, 97, and 47 % from imidacloprid after receiving PBO, DEF, and DEM, respectively. The activities of glutathione S-transferase and general esterase in all strains were enhanced compared to a susceptible strain. Molecular detection of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations revealed homozygous V419L and L925I resistance mutations in all strains at 20–100 % and 30–100 % frequency, respectively. The presence of both V419L and L925I was found in 20–100 % of the individuals from each resistant strain. The results indicate a combination of metabolic and target site insensitivity mechanisms confers resistance to deltamethrin and imidacloprid in <em>C. lectularius</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How acetamiprid induced toxicity on freshwater mussel: Biomarker and histopathological responses?","authors":"Donald Romaric Yehouenou Tessi ,&nbsp;Pınar Arslan Yüce ,&nbsp;Göktuğ Gül ,&nbsp;Aylin Sepici Dinçel ,&nbsp;Aysel Çağlan Günal","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the acute and chronic toxicity, immunological responses, oxidative stress, and histopathological effects of acetamiprid (ACE) on the freshwater mussel <em>Unio terminalis</em>. Laboratory experiments determined the 96-h LC₅₀ value, classifying ACE as moderately toxic to this species. Chronic toxicity tests were conducted using two controls [freshwater and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] and two ACE concentrations (3.52 mg/L and 6.70 mg/L), with exposure durations of 48 h, 7 days, and 21 days under semi-static conditions. Sublethal effects were assessed by analyzing total hemocyte count (THC), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidative stress (TOS) in hemolymph samples. ACE exposure significantly reduced THC, indicating immunosuppression that could impair physiological functions and immune defense. TAS values remained stable, suggesting robust antioxidant regulation, while prolonged exposure led to elevated TOS levels, indicating oxidative stress and potential cellular damage. Histopathological changes observed included lipofuscin accumulation, hemocytic infiltration, gill tissue degeneration, and tubular degeneration in digestive glands. These results highlight the vulnerability of <em>U. terminalis</em> to ACE exposure and its usefulness as a bioindicator species of aquatic ecosystem health. The study underscores the need for stricter pesticide regulation and further research into chronic exposure and combined chemical effects to protect aquatic biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal effect and mechanism of Metarhizium anisopliae ZHKUJGZ1 against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"ShaoKe Meng ,&nbsp;ChaoPeng Liang ,&nbsp;Qun Zheng ,&nbsp;ShiQi Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;BoTong Wang ,&nbsp;YongQing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Zhang ,&nbsp;DongMei Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red imported fire ant (RIFA), <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> Buren, poses threats to biodiversity, public safety, agriculture, and the economy, especially as global trade expands its reach into China. To address this, researchers screened fungal isolates from soil in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, aiming to develop a biopesticide against RIFA. <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, known for its biocontrol potential, was identified as a candidate. This insect pathogenic fungus parasitizes Lepidoptera pest larvae and Hemiptera stinkbugs, causing green rigidity and repeated infestations. Microscopic, morphological, and molecular analyses were conducted on the fungal isolates, with ZHKUJGZ1, a strain of <em>M. anisopliae</em>, showing promise. Tests revealed that inoculating RIFA workers with 1 × 10⁷ cfu/mL of ZHKUJGZ1 resulted in an 83.33 ± 1.57 % mortality rate, with an LC50 of 8.36 × 10⁶ cfu/mL. Untargeted metabolomics suggested that ZHKUJGZ1 enhances insecticidal activity by disrupting the nervous system, signaling, digestive system, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis in RIFA. This study highlights the potential of using entomopathogenic fungi like <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolated from Dongguan as an effective strategy for controlling RIFA, offering a promising biocontrol option for agricultural pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling insecticidal compounds from the invasive weed Tithonia diversifolia against Spodoptera litura and elucidating mechanisms via transcriptomic analysis","authors":"Zhandi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaocui Zhuang,&nbsp;Kaixiang Chao,&nbsp;Yanping Li,&nbsp;Lin Jia,&nbsp;Caiyun Zi,&nbsp;Yuanqing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tithonia diversifolia</em>, an invasive weed, has potential as a natural alternative to chemical insecticides. However, the specific insecticidal compounds and their mechanisms of action against <em>Spodoptera litura</em> have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, an extract was prepared using 85 % methanol containing 0.2 % hydrochloric acid, and it was analyzed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the extract and its compounds on <em>S. litura</em> larvae, alongside a transcriptomic analysis to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that 18 compounds were isolated and identified from the methanol extract, including eight quinic acid and derivatives, two flavonoids, three sesquiterpenoids, three fatty acids and two lipids. The feeding experiments indicated that the extract and three specific compounds, hispidulin, 1,5-quinic acid and 6-methoxyluteolin, significantly inhibited larval growth, while linolenic acid demonstrated notable insecticide activity compared to the positive control. Larvae treated with the methanol extract and the aforementioned compounds exhibited faded skin. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2708 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1512 genes up-regulated and 1196 down-regulated. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly associated with integral membrane components, cuticle structure and serine type endopeptidase activity. qRT-PCR results indicated significant differences in the expression of six genes related to larval growth between the control group and the methanol extract-treated group. Overall, the results suggested that the methanol extract of <em>T. diversifolia</em> possesss insecticidal properties, with 6-methoxyluteolin, hispidulin, 1,5-quinic acid and linolenic acid identified as active components, and the insecticidal mechanism appears to involve disruption of insect cuticle formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}