Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Ecotoxicological effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide dinotefuran on springtails (Folsomia candida) at soil residual concentration","authors":"Jiale Zhang ,&nbsp;Herui Zhang ,&nbsp;Caihong Yu ,&nbsp;Ronghua Lin ,&nbsp;Yanhua Hou ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Huixin Liang ,&nbsp;Liping Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyue Gao ,&nbsp;Siqi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinotefuran, a third-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture production due to its excellent insecticidal efficacy. Considering its persistence and high toxicity in soil, it is essential to evaluate its low-dose toxic effects on non-target soil organisms such as the springtail (<em>Folsomia candida)</em>. The results revealed that the 7-day half lethal concentration (7d-LC₅₀) of dinotefuran contact toxicity to springtails was 0.029 μg cm⁻². Its chronic toxicity in 4 soil types was ranked as: red soil (0.021 mg kg⁻¹) &gt; fluvo-aquic soil (0.040 mg kg⁻¹) &gt; artificial soil (0.049 mg kg⁻¹) &gt; black soil (0.085 mg kg⁻¹). Soil organic matter (SOC), pH, and total nitrogen (TN) were identified as critical factors affecting dinotefuran toxicity. Biochemical assay results showed that environmental concentrations (0.2–1.6 mg kg⁻¹) of dinotefuran induced oxidative stress and oxidative damage in springtails. Oxidative stress-related enzymes (including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and detoxification enzymes were subjected to initial activation at low dinotefuran concentrations, inhibition and re-activation at high concentration. Target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total protein content were inhibited with prolonged exposure time and increasing concentrations of dinotefuran. Molecular docking analysis showed that dinotefuran bound to the active sites of related enzymes, thus disrupting their structure and functions, eventually resulting in damages to physiological functions of springtails. In summary, this study deciphers the dinotefuran toxicological mechanism on soil springtails at environmental concentrations. Our findings lay theoretical basis for further assessing its pollution risk and managing its application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basing target enzyme study the enantioselective bioactivity action mechanism of flusulfinam, a novel HPPD inhibitor herbicide","authors":"Shiling Liu,&nbsp;Siying Qin,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhang,&nbsp;Heng Zhang,&nbsp;Junqi Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Yuanfu Li,&nbsp;Feng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flusulfinam is a novel chiral amide herbicide widely used for controlling annual weeds in rice paddies. However, the mechanism underlying their enantioselective herbicidal activity remain unclear. Herein, it was found that flusulfinam enantiomers, similar to typical HPPD inhibitor mesotrione, reduced chlorophyll <em>a</em>nd carotenoid levels, decreased HPPD enzyme activity, and upregulated gene expression. Additionally, homogentisate supplementation alleviated the bleaching symptoms caused by flusulfinam and all these results validate that flusulfinam is indeed an HPPD inhibitor. To further investigate the mechanism of enantioselectivity, molecular docking was used and showed that <em>R</em>-flusulfinam (−6.55 kcal/mol) had higher binding energy than <em>S-</em>flusulfinam (−5.60 kcal/mol), due to more stable hydrogen bonds with Gln293. After mutating Gln293 to His, the IC₅₀ values for <em>R</em>-flusulfinam and <em>S</em>-flusulfinam on <em>Mut</em>Q293H were 0.73 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L, respectively, indicating swapped enantioselective inhibition compared to <em>At</em>HPPD, with IC₅₀ values of 0.52 mg/L and 1.93 mg/L, respectively. The Microscale Thermophoresis assay further revealed that the dissociation constant (Kd) for <em>Mut</em>Q293H with <em>R</em>-flusulfinam was 20.40 ± 4.19 μM, similar to the Kd value of 15.63 ± 4.51 μM for <em>S</em>-flusulfinam. The findings reveal that mutation of the Gln293 residue in the <em>At</em>HPPD enzyme significantly altered its enantioselective inhibition by flusulfinam. This study is the first to verify the mode of action of flusulfinam and identifies that Gln293 may play a key role in flusulfinam enantioselectivity in the <em>At</em>HPPD, laying the foundation for future HPPD inhibitor development based on flusulfinam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glyphosate combined with TBBPA exposure decreased quality and flavor of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) involved inhibiting muscle growth and collagen synthesis","authors":"Dongxu Han ,&nbsp;Yanju Bi ,&nbsp;Tingting Yu ,&nbsp;Xuewei Chen ,&nbsp;Shiwen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine, GLY) is the active ingredient of the most widely used commercialized herbicide, and its use increases the potential for co-occurrence with flame retardants such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), posing a threat to aquatic systems and food safety. Therefore, it is important to prioritize evaluating these two compounds' combined toxicity. However, only a few studies have analyzed the effects of pollutant mixing on fish from the perspectives of molecular and nutritional components. In this study, the impact of TBBPA and GLY on muscle development and flesh quality was investigated by exposing common carp to water-borne TBBPA and/or GLY for 30 days. The results showed that TBBPA and GLY exposure decreased the anti-oxidant capacity and content of most free amino acids in common carp muscle. Textural analysis suggested that the meat flesh's hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were decreased under TBBPA and GLY exposure. In addition, the decreased cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and collagen deposition were observed in the carp muscle exposed to TBBPA and/or GLY. Further analysis of related genes indicated the co-exposure of TBBPA and GLY significantly upregulated the levels of FoxO1 and MuRF-1, and decreased the levels of MyoD1, Collagen I, α-SMA, and TGF-β. Collectively, our results illustrated that exposure to TBBPA and GLY could inhibit muscle growth and decrease nutritional value in common carp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targets selection and field evaluation of an RNA biopesticide to control Phyllotreta striolata","authors":"Saibo Xu ,&nbsp;Xuezhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinuo Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Han ,&nbsp;Xuexia Miao ,&nbsp;Haichao Li ,&nbsp;Ruobing Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phyllotreta striolata</em> is a major insect pest that threatens vegetable crops worldwide. Recently, its increasing resistance to chemical pesticides underscores the urgent need for novel control strategies. This study explores the potential of RNA biopesticides for managing <em>P. striolata</em> infestations. Transcriptome sequencing of <em>P. striolata</em> generated 42,779 unigenes, which were subsequently compared with genes known to cause 100 % lethality to <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> in the iBeetle database. Forty-eight candidate RNAi target genes were identified, from which six genes—<em>PsHsc70–3</em>, <em>Psfkh</em>, <em>PsRpn11</em>, <em>PsRpt3</em>, <em>Psncm</em>, and <em>PsCoatβ</em>—were selected for further bioassays. Laboratory results indicated that two of these genes, <em>PsRpt3</em> and <em>PsCoatβ</em>, achieved a 7-day lethality rate exceeding 60 %. These genes were then combined in equal proportions and incorporated into the dsRNA stabilizer MLG01 to form an RNA biopesticide, Ger@dsRNA, for field trials. The initial field trial, conducted in Zhuanghang, Shanghai, showed a 7-day control efficacy of 82.55 ± 6.80 % and 89.11 ± 7.12 % at dsRNA concentrations of 0.1 g/L and 0.5 g/L, respectively. Subsequent field trials in Guangzhou (2022) and Shanghai (2024) yielded similar control effects. This study provides a comprehensive process for the rapid screening of target genes and the development of RNA biopesticides, demonstrating that Ger@dsRNA offers robust preventive efficacy against <em>P. striolata</em>, representing a promising new approach for pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of salivary effector FoCA2 in modulating the interactions of the defense response of the kidney bean plant and the adaptability of Frankliniella occidentalis under dinotefuran exposure","authors":"Song Tian,&nbsp;Yanqi Yang,&nbsp;Dingyin Li,&nbsp;Wenbo Yue,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Junrui Zhi","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em> (Pergande) is a horticultural pest known for its overwhelming destructive power. Our previous study showed that dinotefuran significantly inhibited the feeding behavior of <em>F. occidentalis</em> on kidney bean plants. However, why dinotefuran suppressed feeding in <em>F. occidentalis</em> is unknown. Here, we analyzed differences in gene expression in the head (containing salivary glands) of <em>F. occidentalis</em> with or without dinotefuran LC₂₅ stress using transcriptome sequencing. Eventually, a salivary protein gene belonging to the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family was obtained and named as <em>FoCA2</em>. The full-length cDNA of <em>FoCA2</em> was obtained by cloning, and the role of <em>FoCA2</em> in the <em>F. occidentalis</em> antidefense toward the kidney bean plant was investigated using RNA interference. The results showed that <em>FoCA2</em> was highly expressed in the head of <em>F. occidentalis</em> and at the feeding stages (nymph and adult). Silencing <em>FoCA2</em> significantly inhibited <em>F. occidentalis</em> feeding and decreased its fecundity and survival; activated jasmonic and salicylic acid signaling pathway-related genes and callose synthase genes; and induced callose accumulation. However, dinotefuran down-regulated the expression of <em>FoCA2</em> thereby attenuating the suppression of plant defense responses by <em>FoCA2</em>, which ultimately reduced the adaptability of <em>F. occidentalis</em>. Taken together, our findings suggest that FoCA2 is a key effector protein involved in <em>F. occidentalis</em> feeding and host adaptation, providing a foundation for studying the interaction between <em>F. occidentalis</em> and its host plants, and providing insights into the role of dinotefuran on pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tyramine receptor gene LsTAR2 is involved in reproduction and feeding in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus","authors":"Gang Xu,&nbsp;Liran Fu,&nbsp;Liang Wu,&nbsp;Jing Lu,&nbsp;Meiqi Xu,&nbsp;Ruhao Qian,&nbsp;Chenjia Shao,&nbsp;Mingshi Qian,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tyramine (TA) is an important biogenic amine present in the central nervous system of insects, and mediates a variety of physiological and behavioral functions via tyramine receptors (TARs). However, TARs have not yet been characterized in planthoppers, and their physiological functions remain poorly understood in rice pests. Here, we cloned a tyramine receptor gene (<em>LsTAR2</em>) from the small brown planthopper <em>Laodelphax striatellus</em>, one of the most destructive rice pests. LsTAR2 shares high sequence identity with its orthologous receptors, and is closely related to its corresponding receptor groups. <em>LsTAR2</em> transcript was expressed mostly in the egg stage and brain. RNAi-mediated knockdown of <em>LsTAR2</em> significantly prolonged the preoviposition period and decreased the fecundity in females. Furthermore, <em>LsTAR2</em> knockdown reduced the expression levels of <em>vitellogenin</em> (<em>LsVg</em>) in the fat body and ovary of <em>L</em>. <em>striatellus</em>, and changed the expressions of juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) pathway genes. In addition, <em>LsTAR2</em> knockdown significantly decreased the honeydew excretion of the adults, and affected the transcript levels of feeding-related neuropeptide signaling genes. These results provide critical information concerning the role of <em>LsTAR2</em> in reproduction and feeding behavior in <em>L</em>. <em>striatellus</em>, and open the way for further investigations into novel strategies targeting TARs for pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priming enhances tolerance of Fusarium graminearum to triazole","authors":"Liuqin Wang,&nbsp;Huiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Zunyong Liu,&nbsp;Yun Chen,&nbsp;Zhonghua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organisms exposed to environmental stimuli can develop “memory” of those experiences, a phenomenon known as priming, which allows them to better adapt to subsequent stimuli. Growing evidence has shown that fungi can “remember” past encounters, but the priming effect remains poorly understood in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we examined the priming effect in <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), by culturing its conidia in the presence of a median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of triazole fungicide. We observed that primed conidia exhibited significantly higher germination rates and longer hyphal length than unprimed conidia when exposed to double EC₅₀ concentration of triazole. The triazole priming effect in <em>F. graminearum</em> was retained in conidia for an extended period but was not stably heritable. Further investigations revealed that this priming effect was linked to increased over-expression of the fungicide target genes (<em>FgCYP51</em>s) above the level seen in non-primed <em>F. graminearum</em>. This study reveals that <em>F. graminearum</em> develops adaptive resistance following treatment with triazole fungicides, and elucidates the mechanism behind priming, which is regulated by the transcription factor FgSR. This regulation leads to the upregulation of <em>FgCYP51</em> expression, thereby mediating the observed adaptive resistance. This provides a theoretical basis for understanding the development of resistance in pathogens and offers relevant guidance for the use of triazole fungicides in the control of FHB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"circEgg inhibits BmCPV infection by regulating the transition between H3K9me3 and H3K9ac","authors":"Qunnan Qiu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Tong ,&nbsp;Min Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Mei Yin ,&nbsp;Shutong Jiang ,&nbsp;Liuyang Li ,&nbsp;Yuqing Huang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Hu ,&nbsp;Chengliang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our previous study demonstrated that the expression level of circRNA circEgg, which is encoded by histone-lysine <em>N</em>-methyltransferase eggless (BmEgg), is responsive to <em>Bombyx mori</em> cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) infection in the silkworm. However, the precise relationship between BmCPV infection and circEgg remains unclear. In this study, we observed that the expression level of circEgg in both the midguts and cultured BmN cells significantly increased after BmCPV infection, while the expression of its host gene, BmEgg, exhibited an opposite trend. Transient expression experiments revealed that circEgg acts to inhibit BmCPV infection. Additionally, Western blot analyses indicated that BmCPV infection leads to a downregulation of histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and an upregulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac). Notably, the levels of H3K9ac and H3K9me3 were found to be positively and negatively correlated with circEgg expression, respectively, suggesting that circEgg may regulate the transition between H3K9me3 and H3K9ac. Mechanistically, we discovered that circEgg inhibits BmCPV infection by enhancing the H3K9ac level through the circEgg-bmo-miR-3391-5p-histone deacetylase Rpd3 network, while simultaneously reducing the H3K9me3 level via the circEgg-encoded protein circEgg-P122. Collectively, these findings indicate that circEgg plays a crucial role in inhibiting BmCPV infection by modulating the balance between H3K9me3 and H3K9ac.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pepper feeding derivative Brucella sp. in the gut of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affect the growth and development of host larvae","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhou Yu ,&nbsp;Bei-Long Chen ,&nbsp;Shao-Shao He ,&nbsp;Zi-Yao Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhai ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Jiang-Bin Fan ,&nbsp;Huan Yu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Ping Zuo ,&nbsp;Yong-Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BLTY is a pepper cultivar that has resistance to young larvae of <em>Spodoptera litura</em> Fabricius, whereas FXBX is a pepper cultivar suitable for the growth of <em>S. litura</em> larvae. The obtained microbiomics data suggest that the BLTY leaves fed <em>S. litura</em> larval guts inhabited more <em>Brucella.</em> In this study, two <em>Brucella</em> spp. (2FC-4 and 2FC-15) and one <em>Microbacterium</em> sp. (2FC-22) were isolated from the guts of BLTY and FXBX leaf-fed <em>S. litura</em>, respectively. The loading of 2FC-4 and 2FC-15 reduced the survival rate, average larval weight, diet consumption, pupation rate, and emergence rate of <em>S. litura</em>, whereas the efficacy of 2FC-22 was in contrast with that of the two <em>Brucella</em> spp. By constructing the germ-free (GF) and 2FC-4, 2FC-15, or 2FC-22 mono-associated gnotobiotic <em>S. litura</em> larvae, we found that the loading of 2FC-4 and 2FC-15 disrupted the peritrophic membrane and midgut walls of the tested larvae. In addition, the loading of 2FC-4 or 2FC-15 increased the juvenile hormone content and decreased the ecdysone content in <em>S. litura.</em> The loading of 2FC-4 or 2FC-15 decreased the activities of protease, trehalose, amylase, and invertase and increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD. In this study, we analyzed the resistance of BLTY to <em>S. litura</em> from the perspective of the gut microbiota; the selected <em>Brucella</em> sp. can be used for the biological control of <em>Spodoptera</em> pests and <em>Microbacterium</em> sp. can be used as an additive in the daily maintenance of <em>Spodoptera</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sprayable long hairpin dsRNA formulated with layered double hydroxide against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis: Control efficacy in a greenhouse and influence on beneficial insects","authors":"Falguni Khan ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Esmaeily ,&nbsp;Gahyeon Jin ,&nbsp;Sedat Sevin ,&nbsp;Chuleui Jung ,&nbsp;Eunhye Ham ,&nbsp;Yonggyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in eukaryotes. Suppression of vacuolar-ATPase B subunit (<em>vATPase-B</em>) expression resulted in lethality to the western flower thrips, <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>, following oral administration of the gene-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) for RNAi. This study aimed to enhance the insecticidal activity of sprayable dsRNA against the thrips. Initially, the study screened for differences in insecticidal activity across various frames of the target gene's open-reading frames using similarly sized (approximately 300 bp) dsRNAs, observing minimal variation. Subsequently, the optimal length of dsRNA was determined by preparing samples ranging from 100 to 700 bp, with lengths over 300 bp demonstrating high insecticidal activities. The study also compared linear and hairpin forms of dsRNA, with hairpin dsRNA exhibiting higher insecticidal activity. Additionally, two formulations of chitosan and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were assessed with dsRNAs against the same target region; the LDH formulation outperformed the chitosan in insecticidal activity. The effects of dsRNA on non-target organisms (NTOs) were evaluated against two honey bees, <em>Apis mellifera</em> and <em>A. cerana</em>, and a natural enemy, <em>Orius laevigatus</em>, where some dsRNAs with high sequence homology to the NTOs caused significant mortalities. The optimal size of hairpin dsRNA, formulated with LDH and harmless to NTOs, was then sprayed on <em>F. occidentalis</em> infesting greenhouse-cultivated hot peppers. The LDH-hairpin dsRNA spray achieved a significant reduction in thrips population, comparable to the control efficacy of the chemical insecticide, spinosad.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}