Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"5-aminoindole restrained larval growth and chitin biosynthesis via depressing TPS activity in Hyphantria cunea","authors":"Jinxin Yu,&nbsp;Shengyu Zhang,&nbsp;Diankuan Liu,&nbsp;Ze Wang,&nbsp;Yuyao Nan,&nbsp;Chuanshan Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the biosynthesis of trehalose in insects, and its multiple functions related to trehalose metabolism have been well established. In contrast, research on insect TPS inhibitors has received less attention. Previously 5-aminoindole had been reported to possess a potent inhibition on the TPS of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, but it is not clear whether it has an inhibitory effect on insect TPS. Here, we focused on the role of 5-aminoindole in inhibiting TPS activity of <em>Hyphantria cunea</em> larvae, a polyphagous pest in agriculture and forestry. In parallel, the <em>HcTPS</em> was identified from the pest, and the influences of 5-aminoindole on larval growth and development, trehalose metabolism, especially chitin synthesis were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that <em>HcTPS</em> encoded a protein of 401 amino acids residues, which contained a GT20_TPS domain (18–377), belonging to glycosyltransferase family 20. The bioassay indicated that 5-aminoindole significantly suppressed in vivo TPS activity and reduced carbohydrate levels in <em>H. cunea</em> larvae, resulted in growth arrest and a high lethality. Meanwhile, 5-aminoindole significantly downregulated the expression of key genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway (<em>HcG6PI</em>, <em>HcGFAT</em>, <em>HcGNA</em>, <em>HcPAGM</em>, <em>HcUAP</em>, and <em>HcCHSA</em>), and disrupted chitin biosynthesis in epidermis of <em>H. cunea</em> larvae. Homologous modeling and molecular docking revealed that 5-aminoindole had a potent binding affinity (BE = −4.31 kcal/mol) with HcTPS protein via forming a hydrogen bond with residue S23, R25 and D176, and hydrophobic interactions with the residue N24, L48 and D176. In addition, 5-aminoindole also had a strong binding affinity with the TPS proteins of other four insect species, including <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, <em>Anoplophora glabripennis</em>, and <em>Vespula germanica</em>. These findings provided a new insight into potential application of indole derivatives as insect TPS inhibitor for pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrier solvent effects on the toxicity and penetration rate of fluralaner in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)","authors":"Joshua Weston ,&nbsp;Oshneil S. Baker ,&nbsp;Caitlin E. Taylor ,&nbsp;Mba-Tihssommah Mosore ,&nbsp;Jeffrey G. Scott ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Bloomquist ,&nbsp;Edwin R. Burgess IV","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penetration of an insecticide through the external insect cuticle is a critical determinant of spray contact efficacy and one of the many challenges in formulation efforts. Careful consideration of carrier solvent properties has been historically viewed as a way to improve penetration characteristics of insecticides through favorable physicochemical properties such as logP, but few studies exist on how modern carrier solvents impact cuticular penetration. Further, several models on cuticular penetration have been proposed in the past but few tests have ever been conducted to confirm them. The present study looked at how five commonly used solvents, butyl lactate, polar carbonate, propylene carbonate, and triethyl citrate, impact toxicological endpoints and penetration rates through the cuticles of house flies, a species often targeted with spray products. A two-compartment model of diffusion was also tested. The insecticide tested was the isoxazoline fluralaner, a chemical that has gained recent attention for potential in house fly control products. All solvents were found to have an antagonistic effect on mortality at 24 and 48 h in diagnostic dosing assays, with the exception of butyl lactate, which was statistically equivalent to acetone alone. LogP did not explain trends in mortality seen with any of the tested carrier solvents. Additionally, neither butyl lactate nor triethyl citrate altered penetration rates of fluralaner up to 8 h post treatment, compared to acetone. A simple two-compartment model similarly did not sufficiently explain penetration rates of fluralaner, belying first-order rate kinetics as a model for this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi-mediated silencing of CYP4G15 correlates with altered transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus in Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)","authors":"Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Chiping Liu ,&nbsp;Nicolas Desneux ,&nbsp;Chen Luo ,&nbsp;Zuqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect-borne plant viruses have emerged as major threats to crop production, and the genes of vector insects involved in viral transmission are crucial for effective viral control. However, few studies have identified and functionally validated these genes. A previous study suggested that the aphid protein CYP4G15 interacts with the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV; <em>Luteoviridae</em>: <em>Luteovirus</em>) virion in vitro. We hypothesized that the ability of vector aphids to transmit BYDV would be correlated with CYP4G15. To test this hypothesis, we first cloned and analyzed <em>SaCYP4G15</em> in grain aphid, <em>Sitobion avenae</em> (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and then examined the expression levels of <em>SaCYP4G15</em> in <em>S. avenae</em> during the acquisition accession periods (AAPs) and inoculation accession periods (IAPs) of the transmission of the BYDV species PAV (BYDV-PAV). Finally, the role of <em>SaCYP4G15</em> in the acquisition, retention, and transmission of BYDV-PAV was evaluated by the RNA interference (RNAi) method. The results showed that 1) the coding DNA sequence of <em>SaCYP4G15</em> was 1701 bp, which corresponds to 566 amino acids, and a transmembrane domain is anticipated to be present at the N-terminus; 2) the expression level of <em>SaCYP4G15</em> in <em>S. avenae</em> was notably up-regulated in both the AAPs and IAPs of BDYV-PAV transmission; and 3) after knockdown <em>SaCYP4G15</em>, the relative amount of BYDV-PAV in <em>S. avenae</em> decreased during AAPs and increased during IAPs. Additionally, the transmission efficiency of BYDV-PAV during IAPs decreased. These results indicated that <em>SaCYP4G15</em> in <em>S. avenae</em> correlated with changes in BYDV-PAV transmission by increasing acquisition and transmission efficiency, while decreasing retention. This study extends our knowledge of the interaction between <em>Luteoviridae</em> and vector aphids and suggests that the <em>SaCYP4G15</em> gene could be a potential target for RNAi-based BYDV control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOXJ1 contributes to the resistance of Rhopalosiphum padi to pyrethroids by modulating the expression of P450 genes","authors":"Yang Ling ,&nbsp;Sha Su ,&nbsp;Maohua Chen ,&nbsp;Xiong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhopalosiphum padi</em> is a serious wheat pest worldwide and has developed resistance to pyrethroids. Forkhead box (FOX) proteins, an evolutionary conserved family of DNA-binding proteins, play a crucial role in regulating multiple physiological processes. Whereas the roles of FOX in insecticide resistance are still poorly understood in insects, and there are very few reports on <em>FOX</em> genes in aphids. In this study, we identified and characterized 11 <em>FOX</em> genes in <em>R. padi</em>. Compared to the susceptible strain, the expression of <em>FOXJ1</em> was significantly higher in the pyrethroid resistant strains. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin or bifenthrin induced the expression of <em>FOXJ1.</em> In both susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains, the knockdown of <em>FOXJ1</em> significantly increased the mortality of <em>R. padi</em> when exposed to three sublethal concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin or bifenthrin. The P450 activities in the pyrethroid resistant strains were significantly higher than that in the susceptible strain. Knockdown of <em>FOXJ1</em> significantly reduced the P450s activities. Seven P450 genes were significantly upregulated in both the LC-R and BIF-R strains, of which the expression of <em>CYP9E2</em>, <em>CYP4C1</em> and <em>CYP302a1</em> were significantly decreased after ds<em>FOXJ1</em> injection. The knockdown of <em>CYP9E2</em>, <em>CYP4C1</em> and <em>CYP302a1</em> resulted in a significant increase in the susceptibility of <em>R. padi</em> to sublethal concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin or bifenthrin. Our results highlight the role of <em>FOXJ1</em> overexpression in the resistance of <em>R. padi</em> to pyrethroids by modulating the expression of P450 genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting the involvement of <em>FOXJ1</em> in insecticide resistance in insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insight into the mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by glufosinate-ammonium via the microbiota-intestine-brain axis in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Huixia Feng ,&nbsp;Lexue Song ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zihao Song ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianbin Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Cai ,&nbsp;Shaowu Yin ,&nbsp;Cong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a highly water-soluble and broad-spectrum herbicide, which poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the neurotoxic effects of GLA exposure on juvenile <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> were evaluated from the perspective of microbiota-intestine-brain axis. The acute toxicity test was conducted by semi-static method. The results showed that GLA exposure induced neurotoxicity in juvenile crabs, mainly manifested by significantly increased neuronal apoptosis rate, DNA damage and neuron-specific enolase activity in serum, and showed a dose-dependent manner. The expression of apoptosis-related genes showed a similar trend. Moreover, GLA exposure significantly affected the depolarization and hyperpolarization signal transduction processes in the nervous system of juvenile crabs. In addition, compared with the control group, GLA exposure resulted in significantly changed of metabolic profile in ganglia, especially amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The intestinal microbial diversity changed significantly at the phylum, family and genus levels exposed to GLA. These results revealed the potential role of microbiota-intestine-brain axis in GLA-induced neurotoxicity in juvenile crabs. Taken together, this study suggested that GLA may induce neurotoxicity damage in juvenile crabs by affecting the neurotransmitter system and nerve signal transduction, and the inapplicability of the blood-brain barrier in crustaceans may intense the effect of microbial changes on neurological function. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of GLA-induced neurotoxicity and preliminarily demonstrate the toxic risk of GLA exposure to non-target aquatic species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nematicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia36 expressing in Escherichia coli","authors":"Feixue Cheng ,&nbsp;Dongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Minzhi Long ,&nbsp;Shu-e Sun ,&nbsp;Chunhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Ju-e Cheng ,&nbsp;Xinqiu Tan ,&nbsp;Deyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a significant threat to numerous agricultural crops. Biocontrol is an effective and safe method of the managing PPNs. <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (<em>Bt</em>) and its parasporal crystal proteins (ICPs) are important biocontrol resources for PPNs. In this study, the 2160-bp <em>cry1Ia36</em> gene from the <em>Bt</em> YC-10 strain was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and the 81-kDa protein was purified. The nematicidal activity test yielded an LC₅₀ of 12.79 mg/L at 96 h for the second stage juveniles (J2s) of <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>, and the Cry1Ia36 protein exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the infection of <em>M. incognita</em> to cucumber roots with the pot experiment, which the control effect was 76.95 % treated with 40 mg/L Cry1Ia36. Transgenic tomatoes that expressed the <em>cry1Ia36</em> gene exhibited efficient control of <em>M. incognita</em>, showing a notable reduction in the number of galls and eggmasses compared to the control. Subsequent transcriptome analysis revealed substantial alterations in the expression patterns of numerous genes in <em>M. incognita</em> J2s treated with Cry1Ia36 protein. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid analysis and pull-down assays demonstrated an interaction protein in <em>M. incognita</em> and the interaction protein is associated with the nematicidal activity of Cry1Ia36. Consequently, these findings suggest that the Cry1Ia36 protein could be a promising nematicidal agent for the control of PPN diseases, which offers a viable alternative to chemical pesticides because of its association with environmental concerns, although no previous reports have been found that demonstrate its activity against PPNs. Concurrently, this study has also expanded the spectrum of <em>Bt</em> ICPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide and pathogens co-exposure induces histomorphology changes in midgut and energy metabolism disorders on Apis mellifera","authors":"Yuxin Kang ,&nbsp;Junxiu Guo ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Han ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Chu ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Pingli Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees in agroecosystems face increasingly exposure to multiple stressors, such as pesticides and pathogens, making it crucial to assess their combined impacts rather than focusing on individual factors alone. This study examined the adverse effects of single exposure acetamiprid, <em>Varroa destructor</em>, and <em>Nosema ceranae</em>, both individually and in combination, on honey bee survival, midgut integrity and transcriptomic changes to understand the molecular mechanisms involved. The findings revealed that combination of acetamiprid and <em>N. ceranae</em> induced significant energetic stress, as evidenced by disruptions in energy metabolism. The synergistic effects of <em>V. destructor</em> and <em>N. ceranae</em> led to severe alterations in midgut histomorphology, particularly damaging the midgut epithelium. Concurrent exposure to acetamiprid and <em>V. destructor</em> inhibited the immune response and energy metabolism of honey bees, thereby exacerbating the vulnerability to pathogens and destabilizing their physiological equilibrium. The combination of all three stressors caused the most dramatic damage, disrupting midgut structure as well as aromatic amino acids and lipid metabolism. Our study underscored the complexity and unpredictability of stressor interactions, emphasizing the need to consider environmental context when assessing the risks of honey bee health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the biodegradation activity of Priestia aryabhattai 1–3I, a promising chlorpyrifos-degrading strain isolated from a local phosphogypsum landfill","authors":"Abdulsamie Hanano ,&nbsp;Nour Moursel ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hassan Obeid","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study emphasizes the potential of the microbial community within phosphogypsum landfills to identify promising microorganisms involved in Chlorpyrifos (CP) biodegradation, an organophosphorus pesticide extensively employed in the agricultural sector. We isolated 26 bacterial strains from CP-enriched phosphogypsum sample contaminated with 100 mg Kg⁻¹ CP and subsequently identified them through <em>16S rRNA</em> sequencing. Among these isolates, <em>Priestia aryabhattai</em> 1–3I displayed remarkable proficiency in utilizing CP as a sole carbon source. Furthermore, <em>P. aryabhattai</em> 1–3I was found to harbor an <em>oph</em>-encoding gene, a crucial component in the CP degradation pathway, with a highly conserved 694 bp region shared by at least 24 homologous <em>oph</em> bacterial genes. The CP-degrading ability of <em>P. aryabhattai</em> 1–3I was assessed both in liquid medium and soil samples, achieving degradation rates of 95 % and 60 %, respectively, starting from an initial concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹ CP after 4 weeks. This pronounced CP-degrading activity correlated with a rapid and significant increase in <em>oph</em> transcripts and was accompanied by a notable rise in the accumulation of a major protein band with a molecular weight of 39 kDa, consistent with the molecular weight of previously characterized <em>oph</em> proteins. Of particular interest, the toxicity of CP degradation products resulting from both CP-bacterial biodegradation experiments exhibited minimal effects on neural cells, as indicated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cell viability, underscoring the safety of CP-metabilties. Our study underscores the exceptional biodegradation capability of <em>P. aryabhattai</em> 1–3I in breaking down CP in soil, highlighting its potential for effective remediation of CP-contaminated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological roles of trehalose in Hyphantria cunea revealed by RNA interference of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalase genes","authors":"Hongqu Wu ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Sun ,&nbsp;Yuanwang Wu ,&nbsp;Chuanwang Cao ,&nbsp;Lili Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trehalose plays a crucial role in insect energy metabolism and stress tolerance. Therefore, we investigated the physiological functions of trehalose metabolism genes, namely trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (<em>TPS</em>), soluble trehalase (<em>Tre1</em>), and membrane-bound trehalase (<em>Tre2</em>) were investigated in <em>Hyphantria cunea</em> using RNA interference. Silencing of <em>TPS</em>, <em>Tre1</em>, and <em>Tre2</em> genes achieved silencing efficiencies of 51.77, 71.38 and 52.01 %, respectively, at 72 h post-injection. Silencing <em>TPS</em> increased food intake, body weight, prolonged development duration, and decreased glucose, trehalose, and glycogen levels, and pupal weight. In contrast, silencing <em>Tre1</em> and <em>Tre2</em> decreased food intake, body weight, glucose and glycogen levels, and pupal weight, delayed development, and increased trehalose content. Silencing <em>TPS</em>, <em>Tre1</em>, and <em>Tre2</em> caused abnormal phenotypes, such as pupal and wing deformities. Silencing <em>TPS</em> suppressed the expression of five genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway and two to lipid catabolism related genes. The expression levels of two genes associated with lipid biosynthesis were upregulated, and as <em>Tre1</em> and <em>Tre2</em> were significantly downregulated after <em>TPS</em> RNAi, while <em>UAP</em> and <em>CHSA</em> expression levels were specifically affected by RNAi of <em>TPS</em> and <em>Tre1</em>. In female <em>H. cunea</em> adults, silencing <em>TPS</em>, <em>Tre1</em>, and <em>Tre2</em> genes significantly reduced the number of eggs conceived, and laid and egg hatchability. Overall, silencing <em>TPS</em>, <em>Tre1</em>, and <em>Tre2</em> genes disrupted trehalose metabolism, affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of <em>H. cunea</em>. These findings highlight the potential for targeting trehalose metabolism genes as an environmentally friendly pest management strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odorant receptor 75 is essential for attractive response to plant volatile p-anisaldehyde in Western flower thrips","authors":"Xuan-Pu Luan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qiang Wei ,&nbsp;Jin-Meng Guo ,&nbsp;George F.O. Obiero ,&nbsp;Merid N. Getahun ,&nbsp;Qi Yan ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang-Lin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Western flower thrip (WFT), <em>Frankliniella occidentalis,</em> is a major pest of many vegetable crops and also a vector for the tomato spotted wilt virus, causing devastating damage worldwide. Odorant receptors (ORs) play an important role in host plant searching, however, specific functions of those ORs in WFT remain unclear. In this study, the attractive activity of four plant volatiles ((<em>S</em>)-(−)-verbenone, <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde, methyl isonicotinate, and benzaldehyde) to WFT was confirmed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Then, the specific receptor, OR75, was screened out as the candidate OR for these odorants, as its expression was significantly upregulated upon exposure to these odorants. Further <em>in vitro</em> functional assays with <em>Xenopus</em> oocyte expression system confirmed sensitivity of OR75 to <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde and three other odorants (<em>β-</em>ionone, undecanal and cinnamaldehyde). Of the three odorants, <em>β-</em>ionone was also attractive to WFT. Further, <em>in vivo</em> RNA interference experiments showed that the dsOR75 treated thrips lost their attractive response to <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde, but retained response to <em>β-</em>ionone. Finally, 3-D structures prediction and molecular docking showed that OR75 formed a hydrogen bond with <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde at His150 residue, while no hydrogen bond formed with <em>β-</em>ionone, undecanal or cinnamaldehyde. Taken together, OR75 plays a crucial role in perception of <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde, which helps us understand the host-seeking mechanisms of WFT, and provides a basis for development of olfactory based pest control strategies. This is the first report of an OR playing roles in sensing <em>p-</em>anisaldehyde in thrips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}