Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of chlorpyrifos-induced cognitive impairment by mountain grape anthocyanins based on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway","authors":"Rongchen Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuewen Tong ,&nbsp;Yuhan Du ,&nbsp;Jiahua Liu ,&nbsp;Xuefei Xu ,&nbsp;Yang He ,&nbsp;Liankui Wen ,&nbsp;Zhitong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The organophosphorus insecticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used worldwide due to its high effectiveness. However, when ingested through the mouth and nose, it can cause severe neurotoxic effects and cognitive impairment. Natural anthocyanins show great potential in improving cognitive impairment. In this paper, we will delve into the protective effect of anthocyanins on CPF-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanism through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Morris water maze, histopathological, ELISA and western blot analyses showed that anthocyanins effectively ameliorated CPF-induced spatial learning memory impairment in mice by ameliorating CPF-induced AChE inhibition, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation and by modulating the levels of apoptosis (Caspase-3, Caspase-9) and autophagy (LC3II/ LC3I, Beclin1, p62, mTOR) biomarkers, in order to restore damaged hippocampal tissue morphology, neuron and synapse structures. To identify the action pathway of anthocyanins, we used KEGG and GO pathway enrichment analysis for screening prediction and western blot and molecular docking to verify that anthocyanins improve CPF-induced cognitive impairment by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinclorac-resistant Echinochloa spp. promoted growth and reproduction of Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) probably by providing more nutrients and stable environment","authors":"Yimeng Pi ,&nbsp;Yanhui Lu ,&nbsp;Xia Yang ,&nbsp;Wujia Mo ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Zhongxian Lu ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Li ,&nbsp;Yipeng Xu ,&nbsp;Hongxing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is an important agricultural crop that faces serious challenges from pathogens, pests, and weeds during growth stages. Meanwhile, these organisms would interact with each other to increase the level of destruction. The previous studies showed that barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa</em> spp) could be used as a temporary host to increase infestation of small brown planthopper (SBPH, <em>Laodelphax striatellus</em>), which is one of the main polyphagous pests. Herbicides are widely used to control weeds that induce resistance development. However, little is known about the effects of increased weed resistance on insect species. In this study, we investigated the effect of quinclorac-resistant and sensitive biotypes of barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> var. <em>zelayensis</em>; <em>Echinochloa crus-pavonis</em> Schult) and rice plants (Wuyujing 3) on the ecological fitness of SBPH and examined physiological indicators of plants and SBPH to explore the mechanism. Our results showed that the growth and reproduction of SBPH promoted significantly reared on quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass. From the perspectives of oxidative stress response, the activities of peroxidase (POD) increased and the activities of catalase (CAT), mixed-functional oxidase (MFO), and carboxylesterase (CarE) decreased in SBPH reared on resistant barnyard grass. Combined with the increased amino acid contents (threonine, serine, methionine, and alanine) of resistant barnyard grass <em>E. crus-pavonis</em>, we speculate that quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass probably provides SBPH with a more suitable environment, thus increasing the risk of SBPH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of TOR complex 1 components in Colletotrichum camelliae isolates confers natural resistance to rapamycin","authors":"Yuanye Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanjun Li ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;He Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapamycin is a lipophilic macrolide antibiotic which is famous for its immunosuppressive and anticancer activity. In recent years, rapamycin showed significant activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. However, the sensitivity of <em>Colletotrichunm</em> fungi to rapamycin is scarcely reported. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 116 <em>Colletotrichum</em> isolates from tea-oil trees to rapamycin. Most isolates exhibited natural resistance with inhibition rates of 50 to 70% at 50 μg/mL. Three <em>Colletotrichum camelliae</em> isolates were found to be sensitive to rapamycin. No mutations were detected in the direct target FKBP12 and indirect target TOR-FRB domain of resistant and sensitive <em>C. camelliae</em> isolates. Notably, the expression of the TOR homolog (CcTOR) was higher in resistant <em>C. camelliae</em> isolates compared to the sensitive ones and overexpression of <em>CcTOR</em> in the sensitive isolate CcS1 resulted in decreased sensitivity to rapamycin. Moreover, ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was abolished in the sensitive isolate CcS1 but not in the resistant isolate CcR1 under rapamycin treatment. In addition, the expression levels of ribosome biogenesis genes and two other components of TORC1 were higher in CcR1 compared to CcS1 under the same treatment, which suggested that the abundance of TORC1 in CcR1 was greater than in CcS1, leading to more active TORC1 signaling in CcR1. These results provided a better understanding about natural resistance of <em>C. camelliae</em> isolates to rapamycin and could help for developing new TORC1 signaling-targeting fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics reveals the mechanism of terbuthylazine-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens: Insights from AMPK/p53-mediated apoptosis perspective","authors":"Qingwen Yang ,&nbsp;Da Ao ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Lv ,&nbsp;Xuesong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a commonly used pesticide, the widespread use of terbuthylazine (TBA) may cause toxic effects in animals and human. However, the nephrotoxicity induced by TBA is unclear. Here, we explored the mechanism of TBA-induced nephrotoxicity through transcriptomics and molecular biology techniques in broilers. Pathologic analysis showed that TBA could cause renal cell vacuolation and fibrosis in broilers. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed that TBA can cause significant changes in the expression of some apoptosis-related genes, and GO and KEGG analysis also found that TBA can significantly change the functions of apoptosis pathway and AMPK signaling pathway in kidney. Subsequently, the protein expression levels of Bax, Bak-1, FADD, and cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 were elevated significantly and the number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased markedly in kidney under TBA exposure. Meanwhile, we also found that TBA could activate AMPK/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulated levels of AMPKα1 phosphorylation and protein expression of p53. Therefore, our results suggested that TBA could induce apoptosis via AMPK/p53 pathway in kidney. These findings identified the nephrotoxic mechanism of TBA through transcriptomics, providing a new insight into TBA toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential interactions of ethacrynic acid and diethyl maleate with glutathione S-transferases and their glutathione co-factor in the house fly","authors":"Edwin R. Burgess IV ,&nbsp;Shova Mishra ,&nbsp;Xin Yan ,&nbsp;Zhongwu Guo ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Geden ,&nbsp;Jon S. Miller ,&nbsp;Michael E. Scharf","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glutathione <em>S</em>-transferases (GSTs) are an important class of enzymes that facilitate the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic substrates, including some insecticides. Two inhibitors of GSTs, ethacrynic acid (EA) and diethyl maleate (DEM), are often used as diagnostic tools to implicate GST involvement in insecticide resistance, but their modes of action against insect GSTs are largely assumed based on mammalian studies. In mammalian studies, there are two proposed mechanisms of inhibition of GST function by EA and DEM: 1) scavenging or “depleting” cytosolic GSH through non-enzymatic conjugation, and 2) inhibition of GST activity directly by the inhibitor-GSH conjugate (EA-SG and DEM-SG).</div><div>The objective of this study was to characterize putative inhibitory mechanisms of EA and DEM against insect (house fly) GSTs and the co-factor GSH. Both EA and DEM synergized topical applications of naled and propoxur but not permethrin. As a GSH scavenger, EA was ∼10-fold more potent compared to DEM. Conditions such as pH, GSH concentration, and incubation time significantly affected the ability of both inhibitors to scavenge GSH. EA demonstrated scavenging at a wider pH range than DEM and scavenged GSH at a faster rate than DEM. Whereas EA peak scavenging was observed almost instantly, there was a 54.4 % increase in scavenged GSH for DEM between 0 and 30 min of incubation. Increasing concentration of GSH diminished the effect of scavenging at the highest tested concentrations of both inhibitors. In the presence of both GSH and GSTs in crude homogenate, EA was 300-fold more potent as a GST inhibitor compared to DEM at pH 7.5. No comparison was made at pH 6.5 because the tested concentrations of DEM did not produce enough inhibition to derive an IC₅₀ value while EA concentrations did. With purified GSTs, EA-SG was 205-fold more potent as an inhibitor compared to DEM-SG, while EA alone was 7.6-fold more potent than EA-SG and 1565-fold more potent than DEM-SG. These findings establish in insects that the insecticide synergists EA and DEM function mainly by scavenging the GST co-factor GSH, with some inhibition due to interactions with GSTs and the inhibitor-GSH conjugates, rather than through interaction between the inhibitors and the GST protein itself. These resulting impacts are two-fold, whereby (i) GSH bioavailability is limited and (ii) the GSH-inhibitor complex attenuates GST-based xenobiotic metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, on rat reproductive system: Pregnancy hormone disruption and abortion trends","authors":"Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi ,&nbsp;Zahra Soleimanipour ,&nbsp;Tayebe Artimani ,&nbsp;Sara Soleimani Asl ,&nbsp;Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thiacloprid (TCL), commonly known as Biscaya, is among the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, designed to eliminate insects by targeting their nicotinic receptors. This study explores the effects of orally administering TCL (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) on the hormone secretion crucial for pregnancy and the factors influencing abortion throughout the early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy in female rats.</div><div>Following TCL exposure, there were significant increases in levels of 17β-Estradiol, prostaglandins F_2α and E₂, and serum oxytocin hormone in different stages of pregnancy. In contrast, progesterone and endothelin-1 serum levels notably decreased during the initial and final stages of pregnancy. Additionally, TCL led to a substantial rise in lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in total thiol molecules and total antioxidant capacity, especially in uterine tissue. Although TCL did not significantly affect the morphological characteristics of the delivered fetuses, it notably increased the number of abortions, especially during the second and third stages of pregnancy.</div><div>In summary, our findings suggest that TCL elevates the risk of abortion in pregnant rats by disrupting the secretion of hormones crucial for fertility (such as 17β-Estradiol/progesterone) and by increasing the secretion of abortion-inducing hormones like prostaglandins and oxytocin. Furthermore, these effects may be associated with disruptions in the oxidant/antioxidant balance within the ovaries and uterus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of exploratory behavior and olfactory memory in cockroaches exposed to sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam","authors":"Letícia Campos Ferreira ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Rosa ,&nbsp;Luis Guilherme Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Diego Roberto Colombo Dias ,&nbsp;Marcelo de Paiva Guimarães ,&nbsp;Chiara Valsecchi ,&nbsp;Velci Queiroz de Souza ,&nbsp;Renata de Faria Barbosa ,&nbsp;Lucia Helena Vinadé ,&nbsp;Stephen Hyslop ,&nbsp;João Batista Teixeira da Rocha ,&nbsp;Cháriston André Dal Belo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI) are agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that induce non-elucidate mechanisms of abnormal behavior in insects. In this work, we investigated the effects of sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX) on neurochemical and physiological parameters in cockroaches. Sublethal doses of TMX (0.01–10 ng.g⁻¹ body mass) caused significant alterations in most of the neurophysiological parameters evaluated. TMX reduced sustained locomotor activity by 19.9–25.8 %, depending on the dose. Leg grooming activity increased by 124.5 ± 3.4 %, 158.7 ± 3.5 %, 168.3 ± 3.4 %, and 160.4 ± 3.4 % (mean ± SEM) with TMX doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng.g⁻¹, respectively. Exploratory activity was significantly reduced only at the lowest TMX dose (0.01 ng.g⁻¹) – the time spent immobile increased from 30 % to ∼45 %, whereas none of the doses affected the walking speed. Treatment with TMX (0.01 ng.g⁻¹) markedly reduced the olfactory sensitivity of the cockroaches and also reduced the mechanosensory action potential amplitude, rise time and decay time by 61.2 ± 19 %, 50 ± 4 %, and 76.8 ± 9.5 %, respectively. In semi-isolated heart preparations, TMX caused positive chronotropism (increases of 34.7 ± 15.9 %, 26.8 ± 7.8 %, 43.0 ± 16.5 %, and 19.0 ± 13.7 % for 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng of TMX, respectively). TMX attenuated the activity of glutathione-S-transferase by 35.1 ± 6.4 % at the highest dose tested (10 ng.g⁻¹). TMX caused alterations in the metal ion content of cockroach brains that varied with the dose tested and the ion examined. These findings indicate that sublethal doses of TMX can interfere with normal neurological function in cockroaches and disrupt brain metal ion homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide binding mode analysis and biological effects of acetylcholinesterase target-site resistance mutations in Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Chengfeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Mengyan Wu,&nbsp;Jianhong Li,&nbsp;Kangsheng Ma,&nbsp;Hong You","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is urgent to solve insecticide resistance issues for fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. Some acetylcholinesterase-1 (Ace-1) mutations (A201S, G227A and F290V) have been identified as a cause of FAW resistance to organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates insecticides (CXs). However, the structural biological mechanisms on the relationship between the Ace-1 mutations and resistance to OPs and CXs still remain elusive. In this study, the A201S and F290V mutaions were found in eight fields populations of FAW except the G227A. Molecular docking revealed that the four Ace-1 proteins (Ace1-WT, Ace1-A201S, Ace1-G227A and Ace1-F290V) had the same binding modes and the same binding energies with acetylcholine (Ach), trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, carbaryl and chlorpyrifos oxide. The structural biological analysis revealed that the A201S mutations can enhance enzyme catalytic efficiency by introducing the hydroxyl group (-OH) from serine which performed the same function as the main-chain -NH and enhanced the interaction with the carboxy oxygen of acetylcholine (Ach), and the F290V mutation can effectively improve FAW resistance to insecticides by increasing the likelihood of Ach to enter the enzyme's active center for phenylalanine replaced by smaller valine under insecticide inhibition conditions. The bioassays and age-stage-specific life table analysis of FAW-SS and FAW-F290V populations revealed that F290V mutation effectively contributed to FAW resistance with a low fitness cost. This study provides a theoretical basis for future pest resistance management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in antibacterial immunity in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)","authors":"Bo Ding ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Li He ,&nbsp;Qinghui Zeng ,&nbsp;Senwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Hong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway within the innate immune system plays a crucial role in defending insects against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. In this study, we identified and cloned five key genes of this signaling pathway in <em>Myzus persicae</em>: <em>MpDome-1</em>, <em>MpDome-2</em>, <em>MpJak</em>, <em>MpStat92E-1</em>, and <em>MpStat92E-2</em>. Our results illustrated that these genes were highly expressed in first, second and third-instar nymphs. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the five genes were predominantly expressed in the gut. Upon bacterial challenge, particularly with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, the expression levels of all five genes were significantly upregulated. Additionally, <em>Escherichia coli</em> infection significantly upregulated the expression levels of <em>MpDome-1</em> and <em>MpDome-2</em>, while <em>MpJak</em>, <em>MpStat92E-1</em> and <em>MpStat92E-2</em> were weakly upregulated. Functional analysis through RNA interference-mediated knockdown of these target genes revealed a significant increase in mortality following infection with <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is crucial for immune defense against bacterial infections in <em>M. persicae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mrlac1, an extracellular laccase, is required for conidial morphogenesis as well as the well adaptability in field of Metarhizium rileyi","authors":"Yunlong Lin ,&nbsp;Liqin Fan ,&nbsp;Xi Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Miao Lin ,&nbsp;Qi Luo ,&nbsp;Hongli Li ,&nbsp;Zhongkang Wang ,&nbsp;Guoxing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acting as an extremely promising fungal pesticide, <em>Metarhizium rileyi</em> exhibits robust insecticidal activity against <em>Lepidoptera</em> pests, particularly the larvae. Though there is a slight delay in efficacy, biopesticides offer salient advantages over traditional chemical pesticide especially in environmental safety, cyclic infection and resistant inhibition. In this study, an exterior T-DNA was randomly inserted into the genome of <em>M. rileyi</em>, resulting in the acquisition of a mutant strain that displayed a colour transition from green to yellow within its conidia. The disruption of <em>Mrlac1</em>, a laccase, has been confirmed to attribute to the epigenetic alterations. <em>Mrlac1</em> is a secreted protein harboring an N-terminal signaling peptide that undergoes in vivo synthesis and accumulates on the cell wall of <em>M. rileyi</em>. Targeted knock-out mutant exhibited alterations not just in conidia coloration, but significantly diminished capacity to withstand external stressors, particularly non-biological factors such as high humidity, Congo red exposure, and UV radiation. The disruptant suffered a constraint on hyphal polar growth, alteration in conidial surface structure, as well as noticeable increase in adhesion forces between conidia, the core infection factors. There is a remarkable diminution in virulence of <em>Mrlac1</em> deletion variant against larvae of <em>Spodoptera litura</em> by topical inoculation, but not hemolymph injection. Our findings suggest that <em>Mrlac1</em> acts as a positive regulator in the normal morphogenesis of fungal conidia, encompassing pigment production, inter-conidia adhesion, and conidial cell wall integrity, while the preservation of these structures holds paramount importance for the survival and infection of <em>M. rileyi</em> in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}