Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Non-optimal cognitive offloading in schizophrenia in a prospective memory task: Influence of both metacognitive beliefs and cognitive effort avoidance","authors":"Amandine Décombe,&nbsp;Chiara Scarampi,&nbsp;Elora Malleville,&nbsp;Delphine Capdevielle,&nbsp;Sam J. Gilbert,&nbsp;Stéphane Raffard","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12399","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive offloading refers to the use of physical action and the external environment to simplify mental demand. One form of this—intention offloading—involves the use of external reminders to support delayed intentions. Both beliefs of poor memory ability and a preference to avoid cognitive effort lead to offloading intentions rather than using internal memory. Schizophrenia is a population with deficits in prospective memory and to overcome this difficulty, neuropsychological interventions can propose external aids such as reminders. However, it is unknown what motivates individuals with schizophrenia to spontaneously use reminders. Twenty-seven individuals with schizophrenia and twenty-seven non-clinical individuals were recruited to perform a prospective memory task, with two levels of difficulty, by deciding whether to use reminders or their internal memory. The proportion of reminder use, performance (hits and errors), subjective effort and metacognitive beliefs were recorded. The results show a non-optimal use of reminders in the schizophrenia group: this group used more reminders than the non-clinical group when the task was easy but did not increase reminder usage when the task became more difficult. Individuals with schizophrenia perceived the task to be more effortful than the non-clinical individuals in the easy task, but also had a high estimation of their memory ability. Reminder usage in schizophrenia is atypical and non-optimal. This may relate to effort and metacognition but the direct influence of these factors remains to be demonstrated. The overall results open perspectives on the neuropsychological treatment of prospective memory in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"216-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease—Biomarkers, clinical evaluation or both?","authors":"Joel Simrén,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Ashton,&nbsp;Marc Suárez-Calvet,&nbsp;Henrik Zetterberg","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12401","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Recent developments in fluid and imaging biomarkers that reflect the key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD)—deposits of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular tau proteins—have transformed the perception of the disease in living individuals from a clinical syndrome to a biological continuum that begins prior to the onset of symptoms (Scheltens et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Over the past two decades, biomarker research has revealed that Aβ deposition and abnormal tau metabolism begin years before symptoms appear, following a predictable sequence of biological changes (Bateman et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Villemagne et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). This suggests a prolonged preclinical phase of the disease. Biomarkers, which have greatly expanded our understanding of disease progression, are now routinely applied in clinical settings. These include Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents of Aβ plaques and tau aggregates, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and soon, plasma measures of tau forms phosphorylated at amino acid 217 (p-tau217).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As AD neuropathology is the defining hallmark of the disease (Hyman et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), as well as being the target of emerging treatments, recently approved in some countries (Cummings et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), it is reasoned that biomarkers that directly reflect these changes should be the defining features of the disease. This view was formally articulated in the recent publication of novel Alzheimer's Association diagnostic and staging criteria for AD, which suggest that the disease can be diagnosed when a so-called ‘Core 1’ biomarker of Aβ proteinopathy or phosphorylated and secreted tau is abnormal, resulting in a purely biological definition of the disease (Jack et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In prior years, studies have shown that PET detect Aβ (Clark et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;) and tau (Fleisher et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) neuropathology with high (~90%) accuracy. CSF tests of Aβ42/40 and Aβ42/p-tau (Janelidze et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;) have been validated against amyloid PET with similar accuracy, and subsequently also neuropathology (Mattsson-Carlgren et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Over the past 5 years, an expanding body of research indicates that plasma p-tau217 can detect Aβ pathology with high accuracy (Ashton et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Schindler et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), which will improve the access to biological AD diagnoses in clinical settings beyond what health care systems are currently scaled to accommodate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The recently published diagnostic and staging criteria (Jack et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) are a development of the criteria published by the National Institute of Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) in 2018, which aimed to establish a common language for further research in the biological evolution of AD and its relation to resulting symptom","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving the problem of surface dyslexia in Italian through inflection of irregular verbs","authors":"Daniele Licciardo,&nbsp;Valeria Isella,&nbsp;Elisa Canu,&nbsp;Marta Forestiero,&nbsp;Veronica Castelnovo,&nbsp;Stefania Valsecchi,&nbsp;Federica Agosta,&nbsp;Massimo Filippi,&nbsp;Ildebrando Appollonio,&nbsp;Peter J Nestor","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are considered diagnostic features of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and are useful signs in English, a language whose attributes afford numerous opportunities to observe these phenomena. This, however, is not the case in many languages, including Italian, that have high transparency between orthography and phonology, making surface reading and spelling errors scarce. This creates a problem in applying the diagnostic recommendations for svPPA in such languages. Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are examples of ‘regularization’ errors in which semantic knowledge loss leads to a failure to recognize exceptions that do not follow standard rules of pronunciation. Another form of regularization involves the incorrect inflection of irregular verbs using the rules that govern regular verbs. Unlike irregularly pronounced words, Italian, as with many languages, has numerous irregular verbs. The Italian Verb Inflection Test (IVIT) was developed to test the hypothesis that svPPA would regularize irregular verbs when inflecting them into two Italian past tenses. Results confirmed that people with svPPA made a significantly greater proportion of regularization errors compared to people with typical Alzheimer's disease or logopenic variant PPA. Without recourse to the other diagnostic features of PPA subgroups, the IVIT on its own could separate svPPA from these other two groups with 70% sensitivity and ~ 80% specificity. Regularization of irregular verb inflection offers a solution to the problem of applying the surface dyslexia/dysgraphia criterion for svPPA diagnosis in Italian.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"234-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing confusion surrounding expert conceptions of Alzheimer's and dementia: A practical analysis","authors":"Timothy Daly,&nbsp;Ignacio Mastroleo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological, clinicobiological and clinical conceptions of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are being promoted simultaneously to different practical ends. The co-existence of contemporary conceptions and the ‘scary label’ associated with older diagnostic criteria create the possibility of misunderstanding and harm. In this comment, we argue in favour of socio-ethical interventions targeted to health workers and the general public so as to lower the uncertainties introduced by contemporary diagnostic criteria and to articulate how they relate to established criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and validation of the abbreviated Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI-20): A tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms in English-speaking populations","authors":"María A. Sosa,&nbsp;Eduardo J. Pedrero-Pérez,&nbsp;José M. Ruiz-Sánchez de León","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces the translation and validation of the Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI) into English, aiming to provide an ecologically valid tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms in English-speaking populations in the United States. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in executive functions and other higher-order cognitive processes, with dysfunctions in this area associated with various cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes. Despite the existence of established tools like the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), the PSI addresses limitations found in the literature, presenting a novel ecologically valid tool for assessing prefrontal symptoms. The current study, involving 226 English-speaking participants, lays a foundational step for validating the PSI for use in a new population. Semi-confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a unidimensional structure, mirroring the Spanish version with robust fit indicators. Additionally, in assessing convergent validity, the abbreviated version (PSI-20) exhibited high correlations with DEX scores and moderate correlations with Psychological Stress Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 scores. These findings align with previous reports, supporting the PSI-20's measurement of similar constructs related to prefrontal cortex activity and mental health components. The results of this study overall highlight the PSI's potential contribution to advancing prefrontal symptom evaluation in clinical and non-clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"200-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive assessment: More important than ever","authors":"Stefano F. Cappa","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12396","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"154-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From neuropsychology to embodied neuroscience: Introduction to the special issue on body representation and body transformations","authors":"Paul M. Jenkinson,&nbsp;Valentina Moro","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12395","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 S1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory problems in elderly people with traumatic brain injury","authors":"Dimitar Monov,&nbsp;Nikolay Lilyanov","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of various therapy methods in elderly individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), taking into account the degree of memory loss and the severity of the injury. The study was conducted in 2022 in Moscow, Russia, and Sofia, Bulgaria, involving six clinics. A total of 200 elderly patients with TBI participated in the study, with a mean age of 72 years. Patients were categorized into groups based on the degree of memory loss and severity of the injury. Standardized tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Free, and Cued Selective Reminding Test, were used to assess cognitive functions. The Progressive Learning Test evaluated patients' ability to memorize and reproduce information over time. Groups receiving physical therapy and cognitive rehabilitation showed statistically significant improvement in cognitive functions compared to other therapy methods. Specifically, the mean score of the MMSE in these groups increased by 7 points (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). Patients with more severe memory loss demonstrated more pronounced improvement in cognitive functions following the integrated therapy approach. The mean MMSE score increased by 10 points (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), whereas in patients with milder memory loss, the growth was less significant (mean increase of 5 points, <i>p</i> &lt; .05). Groups receiving physical therapy and cognitive rehabilitation consistently demonstrated significantly better results compared to speech therapy and psychological support throughout the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"186-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual self-face and self-body recognition in a left-brain-damaged prosopagnosic patient","authors":"Carlotta Casati,&nbsp;Lorenzo Diana,&nbsp;Sara Casartelli,&nbsp;Luigi Tesio,&nbsp;Giuseppe Vallar,&nbsp;Nadia Bolognini","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present case study describes the patient N.G., who reported prosopagnosia along with difficulty in recognising herself in the mirror following a left-sided temporo-occipital hemispheric stroke. The neuropsychological and experimental investigation revealed only a mild form of apperceptive prosopagnosia, without visual agnosia, primarily caused by an impaired visual processing of face-parts and body parts but not of full faces. Emotional expressions did not modulate her face processing. On the other hand, N.G. showed a marked impairment of visual self-recognition, as assessed with visual matching-to-sample tasks, both at the level of body-part and face-part processing and at a full-face level, featured by a deficit in the perceptual discrimination of her own face and body, as compared to the others' face and body. N.G.'s lesion mapping showed damage to the left inferior occipito-temporal cortex, affecting the inferior occipital gyrus and compromising long-range connections between the occipital/temporo-occipital areas and the anterior fronto-temporal areas. Overall, the present case report documents that visual processing of the person's own face may be selectively compromised by a left-sided hemispheric lesion disconnecting extra-striate body- and face-selective visual areas to self-representation regions. Moreover, others' (full) face processing may be preserved, as compared with the impaired ability to discriminate others' body and face parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 S1","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names memory test","authors":"Dorene M. Rentz,&nbsp;Jerry Slotkin,&nbsp;Aaron J. Kaat,&nbsp;Stephanie Ruth Young,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Dworak,&nbsp;Yusuke Shono,&nbsp;Hubert Adam,&nbsp;Cindy J. Nowinski,&nbsp;Sarah Pila,&nbsp;Miriam A. Novack,&nbsp;Zahra Hosseinian,&nbsp;Saki Amagai,&nbsp;Maria Varela Diaz,&nbsp;Anyelo Almonte-Correa,&nbsp;Keith Alperin,&nbsp;Monica R. Camacho,&nbsp;Bernard Landavazo,&nbsp;Rachel L. Nosheny,&nbsp;Michael W. Weiner,&nbsp;Richard C. Gershon","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Validation of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names associative memory test is presented. Ninety-two participants self-administered Faces and Names in-person; 956 self-administered Faces and Names remotely but took convergent measures in person; and 123 self-administered Faces and Names remotely twice, 14 days apart. Internal consistency (.76–.79) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .73) were acceptable. Convergent validity with WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates was satisfactory (immediate .54; delayed .58). The findings suggest the remotely administered Faces and Names is a reliable instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":"19 2","pages":"390-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}