Journal of Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Predictive factors of post-operative apathy in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas undergoing awake brain mapping","authors":"Kazuya Motomura,&nbsp;Ai Kawamura,&nbsp;Fumiharu Ohka,&nbsp;Kosuke Aoki,&nbsp;Tomohide Nishikawa,&nbsp;Junya Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yuji Kibe,&nbsp;Hiroki Shimizu,&nbsp;Sachi Maeda,&nbsp;Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with diffuse frontal gliomas often present with post-operative apathy after tumour removal. However, the association between apathy and tumour removal of gliomas from the frontal lobe remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing post-operative apathy after tumour removal in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas. We compared the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with and without post-operative apathy in a cohort of 54 patients who underwent awake brain mapping for frontal gliomas. The frequency of clinical parameters such as left-sided involvement, high-grade tumour types (WHO grades III, IV), main tumour location in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) and/or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was significantly greater in the apathetic group compared to the non-apathetic group. The apathetic group scored significantly lower on neuropsychological assessments such as the Letter Fluency Test among the Word Fluency Tests than the non-pathetic group (<i>p</i> = .000). Moreover, the scores of Parts 3, and 3–1 of the Stroop test were significantly lower in the apathetic group than those in the non-apathetic group (<i>p</i> = .023, .027, respectively). Multivariate model analysis revealed that the appearance of post-operative apathy was significantly related to side of the of lesion [left vs. right, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–46.96, <i>p</i> = .021], location of the main tumour in the frontal lobe (ACC/DLPFC/OFC vs. others, HR = 7.99, 95% CI = 2.16–29.59, <i>p</i> = .002), and the Letter Fluency Test (HR = .37, 95% CI = .15–.90, <i>p</i> = .028). Post-operative apathy is significantly associated with ACC and/or DLPFC and OFC in the left hemisphere of diffuse frontal gliomas. Apathy in frontal gliomas is correlated with a decline in the Letter Fluency Test scores. Therefore, this instrument is a potential predictor of post-operative apathy in patients with diffuse frontal gliomas undergoing awake brain mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring longitudinal changes in implicit awareness of dementia: An investigation of the emotional Stroop effect in healthy ageing and mild dementia","authors":"Anthony Martyr,&nbsp;Sharon M. Nelis,&nbsp;Robin G. Morris,&nbsp;Ivana S. Marková,&nbsp;Ilona Roth,&nbsp;Robert T. Woods,&nbsp;Linda Clare","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the study was to investigate responses to dementia-relevant words in healthy older people and to investigate changes in response over 20-months in people with early-stage dementia. An emotional Stroop task, using colour-naming dementia-relevant words, was used as an indicator of implicit awareness of dementia. Overall, 24 people with dementia and 24 healthy older people completed an emotional Stroop task (T1). People with dementia completed the same task again after 12 (T2) and 20 (T3) months. For people with dementia emotional Stroop performance was contrasted with ratings of explicit awareness based on a detailed interview at T1 and at T2. For healthy older people and people with dementia response times to dementia-relevant words were significantly longer than those for neutral words. The effect was absent for people with dementia at T3. This decline in the emotional Stroop effect was not associated with cognitive decline as measured by the MMSE. Ratings of explicit awareness showed no significant change over time. There was no association between explicit awareness and implicit awareness. Implicit awareness of the condition is evident in early-stage dementia and can be elicited even where there is reduced explicit awareness. The emotional Stroop effect for dementia-relevant words in people with dementia appears to decline over time, independently of changes in MMSE score, suggesting that implicit awareness fades as time progresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults and persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Marije W. Derks-Dijkman,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Schaefer,&nbsp;Lisa Baan-Wessels,&nbsp;Ilse A. D. A. van Tilborg,&nbsp;Roy P. C. Kessels","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12342","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM) are negatively affected by healthy ageing, and additional memory impairment typically occurs in clinical ageing-related conditions such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Recent studies on musical mnemonics in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) showed promising results on EM performance. However, the effects of musical mnemonics on WM performance have not yet been studied in (a)MCI or AD. Particularly in (a)MCI the use of musical mnemonics may benefit the optimisation of (working) memory performance. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of musical presentation of digits consisting of pre-recorded rhythms, sung unfamiliar pitch sequences, and their combinations, as compared to spoken presentation. Furthermore, musical expertise was assessed with two perceptual tests and the Self-Report Inventory of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index. Thirty-two persons with aMCI and 32 cognitively unimpaired older adults (OA) participated in this study. Confirming and extending previous findings in research on ageing, our results show a facilitating effect of rhythm in both cognitively unimpaired OA and persons with aMCI (<i>p</i> = .001, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .158). Furthermore, pitch (<i>p</i> = .048, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .062) and melody (<i>p</i> = .012, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .098) negatively affected performance in both groups. Musical expertise increased this beneficial effect of musical mnemonics (<i>p</i> = .021, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>² = .090). Implications for the future design of music-based memorisation strategies in (a)MCI are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired facial emotion recognition in relation to social behaviours in de novo Parkinson's disease","authors":"Anne Carien Slomp,&nbsp;Sygrid van der Zee,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Boertien,&nbsp;Marleen J. J. Gerritsen,&nbsp;Teus van Laar,&nbsp;Jacoba M. Spikman","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12341","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a crucial component of social cognition and is essential in social-interpersonal behaviour regulation. Although FER impairment is well-established in advanced PD, data about FER at the time of diagnosis and its relationship with social behavioural problems in daily life are lacking. The aim was to examine FER at the time of PD diagnosis compared to a matched healthy control (HC) group and to associate FER with indices of social behavioural problems. In total, 142 de novo, treatment-naïve PD patients and 142 HC were included. FER was assessed by the Ekman 60 faces test (EFT). Behavioural problems in PD patients were assessed using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-self and DEX-proxy) and the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-self). PD patients had significantly lower EFT-total scores (<i>p</i> = .001) compared to HC, with worse recognition of Disgust (<i>p</i> = .001) and Sadness (<i>p</i> = .016). Correlational analyses yielded significant correlations between AES-self and both EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = .28) and Fear (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = .22). Significant negative correlations were found between DEX-proxy and both EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.28) and Anger (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.26). Analyses of DEX-subscales showed that proxy ratings were significantly higher than patient-ratings for the Social Conventions subscale (<i>p</i> = .047). This DEX-proxy subscale had the strongest correlation with EFT-total (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = −.29). Results show that de novo PD patients already show impaired FER compared to HC. In addition, lower FER is linked to self-reported apathy and proxy-reported social-behavioural problems, especially concerning social conventions. These findings validate the importance of the inclusion of social cognition measures in the neuropsychological assessment even in early PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9863073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs-fMRI case report","authors":"Luca Zigiotto,&nbsp;Gabriele Amorosino,&nbsp;Francesca Saviola,&nbsp;Jorge Jovicich,&nbsp;Luciano Annicchiarico,&nbsp;Umberto Rozzanigo,&nbsp;Emanuele Olivetti,&nbsp;Paolo Avesani,&nbsp;Silvio Sarubbo","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) are unable to explore or to report stimuli presented in the left personal and extra-personal space. USN is usually caused by lesion of the right parietal lobe: nowadays, it is also clear the key role of structural connections (the second and the third branch of the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, respectively, SLF II and III) and functional networks (Dorsal and Ventral Attention Network, respectively, DAN and VAN) in USN. In this multimodal case report, we have merged those structural and functional information derived from a patient with a right parietal lobe tumour and USN before surgery. Functional, structural and neuropsychological data were also collected 6 months after surgery, when the USN was spontaneously recovered. Diffusion metrics and Functional Connectivity (FC) of the right SLF and DAN, before and after surgery, were compared with the same data of a patient with a tumour in a similar location, but without USN, and with a control sample. Results indicate an impairment in the right SLF III and a reduction of FC of the right DAN in patients with USN before surgery compared to controls; after surgery, when USN was recovered, patient's diffusion metrics and FC showed no differences compared to the controls. This single case and its multimodal approach reinforce the crucial role of the right SLF III and DAN in the development and recovery of egocentric and allocentric extra-personal USN, highlighting the need to preserve these structural and functional areas during brain surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10125811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of distorted body images in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa: How is it different from major depressive disorder?","authors":"Yağmur Karakuş Aydos,&nbsp;Dicle Dövencioğlu,&nbsp;Kader Karlı Oğuz,&nbsp;Pınar Özdemir,&nbsp;Melis Pehlivantürk Kızılkan,&nbsp;Nuray Kanbur,&nbsp;Dilek Ünal,&nbsp;Kevser Nalbant,&nbsp;Füsun Çetin Çuhadaroğlu,&nbsp;Devrim Akdemir","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Body image disturbance is closely linked to eating disorders including anorexia nervosa (AN). Distorted body image perception, dissatisfaction and preoccupation with weight and shape are often key factors in the development and maintenance of these disorders. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of body image disorder is not yet fully understood, aberrant biological processes may interfere with perceptive, cognitive and emotional aspects of body image. This study focuses on the neurobiological aspects of body image disturbance. The sample consisted of 12 adolescent girls diagnosed with AN, nine girls with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 10 without psychiatric diagnoses (HC, the healthy control group). We applied a block-design task in functional magnetic resonance imaging using participants' original and distorted overweight and underweight images. After imaging, the participants scored the images for resemblance, satisfaction and anxiety levels. The findings of this study demonstrate that overweight images elicited dissatisfaction and increased occipitotemporal activations across all participants. However, no difference was found between the groups. Furthermore, the MDD and HC groups showed increased activations in the prefrontal cortex and insula in response to underweight images compared to their original counterparts, whereas the AN group exhibited increased activations in the parietal cortex, cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal cortex in response to the same stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation in high- and low-income countries","authors":"Anna Mazzucchi","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12338","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starting from her own personal experience, in the First Part of the article, the author reconstructs how the specialized sectors of cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation evolved in Western countries (Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia, in particular) during the second half of the last century and the first decades of this century. In the Second Part, she describes her personal experience in setting up a rehabilitation centre dedicated to traumatic brain-injured subjects and her commitment to international cooperation (Bolivia, Rwanda, Myanmar, Tanzania) in the field of cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation in favour of people with congenital and acquired cerebral pathology, especially in the paediatric age, since there is an almost total lack of diagnostic, but above all, rehabilitative procedures for cognitive functions in low-middle income countries. In the Third Part of the article, the author carries out an extensive review of the international literature on the differences in access to cognitive diagnostic evaluation and cognitive rehabilitation in middle- and low-income countries – but not only – underlining the urgent need to launch a major international collaborative effort to reduce and eliminate these discrepancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10141025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of face recognition abilities after left or right anterior temporal lobectomy","authors":"Angélique Volfart,&nbsp;Bruno Rossion,&nbsp;Hélène Brissart,&nbsp;Thomas Busigny,&nbsp;Sophie Colnat-Coulbois,&nbsp;Louis Maillard,&nbsp;Jacques Jonas","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12337","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with anterior temporal lobe (ATL) resection due to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) have difficulties at identifying familiar faces and explicitly remembering newly learned faces but their ability to individuate unfamiliar faces remains largely unknown. Moreover, the extent to which their difficulties with familiar face identity recognition and learning is truly due to the ATL resection remains unknown. Here, we report a study of 24 MTLE patients and matched healthy controls tested with an extensive set of seven face and visual object recognition tasks (including three tasks evaluating unfamiliar face individuation) before and about 6 months after unilateral (nine left, 15 right) ATL resection. We found that ATL resection has little or no effect on the patients' preserved pre-surgical ability to perform unfamiliar face individuation, both at the group and individual levels. More surprisingly, ATL resection also has little effect on the patients' performance at recognizing and naming famous faces as well as at learning new faces. A substantial proportion of right MTLE patients (33%) even improved their response times on several tasks, which may indicate a functional release of visuo-spatial processing after resection in the right ATL. Altogether this study shows that face recognition abilities are mainly unaffected by ATL resection in MTLE, either because the critical regions for face recognition are spared or because performance at some tasks is already lower than normal preoperatively. Overall, these findings urge caution when interpreting the causal effect of brain lesions on face recognition ability in patients with ATL resection due to MTLE. They also illustrate the complexity of predicting cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery because of the influence of many different intertwined factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10086625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance on complex memory tests is associated with β-amyloid in individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Pernille Louise Kjeldsen,&nbsp;Malene Flensborg Damholdt,&nbsp;Lasse Stensvig Madsen,&nbsp;Peter Henrik Nissen,&nbsp;Joel Fredrik Astrup Aanerud,&nbsp;Peter Parbo,&nbsp;Rola Ismail,&nbsp;Malene Kaasing,&nbsp;Simon Fristed Eskildsen,&nbsp;Leif Østergaard,&nbsp;David James Brooks","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pathophysiological development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins in the brain years before the onset of clinical symptoms. The accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) is thought to be the first cortical pathology to occur. Carrying one apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) ε4 allele increases the risk of developing AD at least 2–3 times and is associated with earlier Aβ accumulation. Although it is difficult to identify Aβ-related cognitive impairment in early AD with standard cognitive tests, more sensitive memory tests may be able to do this. We sought to examine associations between Aβ and performance on three tests within three subdomains of memory, verbal, visual, and associative memory, to elucidate which of these tests were sensitive to Aβ-related cognitive impairment in at-risk subjects. 55 <i>APOE</i> ε4 carriers underwent MRI, ¹¹C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET, and cognitive testing. A composite cortical PiB SUVR cut-off score of 1.5 was used to categorise subjects as either <i>APOE</i> ε4 Aβ+ or <i>APOE</i> ε4 Aβ−. Correlations were carried out using cortical surface analysis. In the whole <i>APOE</i> ε4 group, we found significant correlations between Aβ load and performance on verbal, visual, and associative memory tests in widespread cortical areas, the strongest association being with performance on associative memory tests. In the <i>APOE</i> ε4 Aβ+ group, we found significant correlations between Aβ load and performance of verbal and associative, but not visual, memory in localised cortical areas. Performance on verbal and associative memory tests provides sensitive markers of early Aβ-related cognitive impairment in at-risk subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jnp.12332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9699069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying subgroups of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the psychopathological and neuropsychological profiles","authors":"Shan-hong Zhang,&nbsp;Tian-xiao Yang,&nbsp;Zhao-min Wu,&nbsp;Yu-feng Wang,&nbsp;Simon S. Y. Lui,&nbsp;Bin-rang Yang,&nbsp;Raymond C. K. Chan","doi":"10.1111/jnp.12334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jnp.12334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) advocates the dimensional approach in characterizing mental disorders. We followed RDoC to characterize children with ADHD using profiling based on the cognitive and psychopathological domains. We aimed to identify and validate ADHD subtypes with different clinical characteristics and functional impairments. We recruited 362 drug-naïve children with ADHD and 103 typically developing controls. The cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The subgroups' clinical characteristics and functional impairments were assessed using the WEISS Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P) and the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The cluster analysis yielded four subgroups: (1) ADHD with severe impairment in psychopathology and executive functions (EF), (2) ADHD with mild executive dysfunctions and normal-level psychopathology, (3) ADHD with severe externalizing problems and (4) ADHD with severe executive dysfunctions. These subgroups showed different clinical characteristics and degrees of functional impairment. The EF impairment group displayed more serious learning problems and worse life skills than the externalizing group. The two groups with externalizing problems (<i>i.e.</i> the severe impairment group and the externalizing group) both exhibited higher rates of the combined subtype of ADHD and higher rates of comorbid ODD. Different subtypes of ADHD displayed different profiles of internalizing and externalizing problems and levels of executive dysfunctions. In particular, the subtype with severe impairment in EF exhibited more learning problems and worse life skills, suggesting EF is a critical target for intervention in children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9693425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}