Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis Approaches, Properties, Characterization and Applications.","authors":"C K Vishveshwaraiah, G B Kiran Kumar, M Harshitha, B K Madhu","doi":"10.2174/0122117385313643241010060814","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385313643241010060814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles are a significant topic due to their applications in various fields, including biology, optics, catalysis, pharmaceutics, health, agriculture, and industry, with biosynthesis processes being quick, easy, and environmentally friendly. Due to their applications across multiple industries, silver nanoparticles, or AgNPs, have become the most desired nanoparticles with the recent development of nanotechnology. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of AgNPs are being studied. These characteristics are crucial for limiting the hazards associated with silver nanoparticles while optimizing their potential applications in many fields. A higher degree of toxicity in both the environment and living things could arise from the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in the product. Silver nanoparticles find application in wound care, anti-infective therapy, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. As antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, antiinflammatory, and microbiological agents, silver nanoparticles are widely used. Not only must the particles be nanoscale in order for silver nanoparticles to be present, but their production must also be simple and inexpensive to achieve. This paper aims to review the different methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles, properties, characterization, and their applications. In specific, several chemical and green synthesis approaches for synthesising silver nanoparticles have been discussed. The morphology, size, thermal properties, toxicity properties, electrical properties, catalytic properties, and applications of silver nanoparticles are focused. The main focus is on the effective and efficient synthesis of pure silver nanoparticles and their potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Levomilnacipran Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Response Surface Methodology.","authors":"Parthiban Ramalingam, M Mothilal","doi":"10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) model to optimise the formulations of Levomilnacipran nanostructured lipid carriers (LEV-NLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilised a CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) with a three-factor factorial design and three levels. It examined the particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of LEV-NLC in relation to three independent variables: the ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), the ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and the concentration of surfactant (X3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that the most favourable composition could be achieved using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The most effective composition for LEV-NLC consisted of a 1:1 ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), a 1:7 ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and a surfactant concentration (X3) of 0.5%. Under the optimised conditions, the LEV-NLC formulation resulted in a particle size of 148 nm, a zeta potential of 36 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 88%. The optimised LEV-NLC was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which revealed the presence of spherical particles. The total percentage of Levomilnacipran released from the NLC was 77% at pH 7.4 and 76% at pH 6.0 over 24 hours, exhibiting a sustained release profile that could enhance the therapeutic benefits of the drug.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The optimised formulation demonstrated that RSM effectively predicts formulation variables and their interactions, leading to improved stability, high drug encapsulation, and sustained release suitable for enhanced therapeutic performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the effective application of RSM-CCRD for modelling LEVNLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"582-595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano Milling Application of Mutamba (West Indian Elm) Leaves Extract to Enhance its <i>In Vitro</i> Bioactivity.","authors":"Yuda Prasetya Nugraha, Juniar Kalpika Resmi, Muhammad Luthfi Shidik, Rachmat Mauludin, Muhamad Insanu, Sophi Damayanti, Benny Permana, Siti Farah Rahmawati, Neng Fisheri Kurniati, Nizar Happyana, Ade Danova, Heni Rachmawati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385338502250417020845","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385338502250417020845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guazuma ulmifolia or mutamba has been traditionally used for many years as a slimming agent. Various studies reported the antihyperlipidemic activity of mutamba leaves extract due to its flavonoid content.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research was conducted to improve the bioactivity of mutamba leaves extract by applying ball-milling technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unground dried mutamba leaves were extracted in ethanol 40%. The resulting extract (ME) was nano-milled and characterized for its physicochemical parameters. The ball milling process was optimized by performing in various durations, ball and powder ratios, and rotation speed.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The optimized process of ball milling produced nano-extract (NanoME) with a particle size of 492,57±55,96 nm confirmed with particle size and SEM. Compared with ME, the crystallinity and thermal behavior of NanoME did not change by particle size reduction. The reduction of particle size also did not improve the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor activity. ME and NanoME showed a comparable activity compared to Pravastatin. However, the bioactivities of NanoME including DPPH antioxidant activities improved 8-fold compared to ME. These findings showed that the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity was not inherently correlated to its antioxidant activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The improvement of these activities was attributed to the increase in their flavonoid content. This study emphasizes the role of particle size reduction or nano-extract preparation in increasing the biological activity of plant extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Development, and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablets Containing Tapentadol Hydrochloride.","authors":"Chandrashekar Thalluri, Mallikarjun Vasam, Rajkumar Jampala, Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy, Anubhav Dubey, Amit Lather, Tanuj Hooda","doi":"10.2174/0122117385350217241122151638","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385350217241122151638","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Tapentadol hydrochloride is a potent analgesic commonly used to manage moderate to severe pain. Rapidly dissolving tablets of Tapentadol offer a significant advantage in enhancing patient compliance by providing quick pain relief. The development of fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) requires careful consideration of formulation parameters to achieve optimal disintegration and dissolution profiles. In this study, the aim was to fabricate Tapentadol FDTs by selecting suitable super disintegrating agents such as croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone, which serve as two independent variables. The direct compression method was employed to formulate nine different Tapentadol hydrochloride formulations (TH1 to TH9).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study utilized Design-Expert® software version 13.0 and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the optimization of Tapentadol FDTs. The formulations were prepared using the direct compression method with varying concentrations of the super disintegrants, croscarmellose sodium, and crospovidone. The primary response variables considered in this optimization study included disintegration time (Y1), percentage drug release at 15 minutes (Q15, Y2), and percentage drug release at 30 minutes (Q30, Y3). All pre-compressional and postcompressional parameters were evaluated for each formulation, along with in vitro dissolution studies. Furthermore, DD Solver, a statistical tool, was employed to determine the kinetics of drug release and the release order mechanism based on regression coefficient value (r²), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Model Selection Criteria (MSC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The evaluation studies indicated that the TH5 formulation exhibited the most rapid disintegration time and the highest drug release percentage within the specified time frame. The super disintegrants used demonstrated a significant impact on the response variables, notably enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of Tapentadol hydrochloride. Based on the exponent release (n) value, the study concluded that the TH5 formulation followed a first-order release kinetics and Fickian diffusion mechanism for drug release. Stability studies were performed following the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines to assess the shelf-life of the optimized formulation. The ANOVA data revealed that the p-value was greater than 0.05, indicating no significant differences during the storage period. Additionally, a similarity factor (f2) analysis was conducted to compare the optimized formulation with the marketed formulation (Tydol 100 mg).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings highlight the crucial role of super disintegrants in fast-dissolving tablet formulation, significantly impacting disintegration time and dissolution profile. The TH5 formulation excelled in rapid disintegration and drug release, optimized using RSM and Design-Expert software, ","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"426-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biodegradable and Biocompatible Dental Hemostatic Gelatin Sponge Containing Aloe Vera Nanoparticles; Investigation in Rat Animal Model.","authors":"Ali Zaheri Khosroshahi, Mohammad Ali Ghavimi, Simin Sharifi, Samin Baghban Vazirabadi, Tara Deljavanghodrati, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj","doi":"10.2174/0122117385337841241031104420","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385337841241031104420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A variety of hemostatic materials have been provided to accelerate the blood clotting process in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of a hemostatic dental sponge containing aloe vera nanoparticles in rat animal models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve adult Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 ± 30 grams and the same age range were randomly divided into two groups of test and control, and each group was divided into three subgroups of 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. For implantation of the sponge, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine, and a piece of the sponge was implanted under the skin at the cut site. In the control group of rats, only the skin was cut and sutured. After the specified number of days, the rats were anesthetized, and in addition to blood sampling, a tissue sample was taken from the animal's surgical site and fixed in 10% formalin. Then the samples were examined in macroscopic and microscopic conditions and finally, the obtained data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained in the present study indicated that the hemostat sponge had no side effects (biocompatible). In addition, it was completely absorbed during the 14 days of the study (biodegradable).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradability, the studied sponge can be used to control bleeding during dental surgeries or tooth extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"460-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System for Modern Therapeutics.","authors":"Shivani Gandhi, Divyesh Harshadkumar Shastri","doi":"10.2174/0122117385337379240916053259","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385337379240916053259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of lipid-based nanoparticulate systems has significantly reshaped the landscape of drug delivery. This review aims to encapsulate the advancements, challenges, and potential of lipid-based nanoparticulate drug delivery in modern therapeutics. Lipid-based nanoparticles, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles, harness the biocompatibility and biodegradability of lipids to encapsulate and deliver a diverse range of therapeutic agents. This platform offers solutions to various drug delivery challenges, such as enhancing drug solubility and bio- availability, achieving controlled and sustained release, targeted delivery, and co-delivery of multi-agents. These nanoparticles have demonstrated potential in overcoming biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, mucosal barriers, and cellular barriers, enabling the delivery of drugs to previously inaccessible sites. Biocompatibility and reduced toxicity are intrinsic attributes of lipid-based nanoparticles, minimizing immune responses and systemic toxicity while promoting personalized medicine possibilities. However, challenges in formulation, stability, and regulatory approval underscore the need for ongoing research and innovation in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorating Paraquat-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Protective Effects of Nanocurcumin on Renal Histology and Molecular Pathways.","authors":"Davood Ahmadi Moghaddam, Mehdi Rahimi, Nejat Kheiripour, Zohre Sadeghian, Sara Soleymani Asl, Zahra Azizi, Akram Ranjbar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385361582250112083125","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385361582250112083125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paraquat (PQ) is a common herbicide, and its mortality results from injury to several organs, including the kidneys. Nanocurcumin and curcumin have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, but their involvement in PQ-induced kidney damage is unclear. Therefore, the goal of our study was to compare nanocurcumin and curcumin in male rats whose kidneys were damaged by PQ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>42 eight-week male albino Wistar rats were put into six groups at random as control, control + curcumin, control + nanocurcumin, PQ, PQ + curcumin, PQ + nanocurcumin for 7 days. The kidney tissues and serum were collected at the end of this period. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol Molecule (TTM), urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were assessed. The histopathological evaluation of kidney damage was performed at the end of our study. Moreover, the gene expression was assessed by biochemical and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Curcumin and nanocurcumin administration alleviated PQ-induced renal injury, as evidenced by reduced serum creatinine and BUN levels. The levels of antioxidant markers, like TAC and TTM, increased and decreased the levels of oxidative stress indexes like LPO. Furthermore, our result shows up-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P) H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and down-regulating the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in renal tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Niosomal curcumin was more advantageous than ordinary curcumin in lowering oxidative stress and renal tissue damage induced by paraquat intoxication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"570-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Second Hyper-Zagreb Index and Coindex of Chemical Nano-structures in Drugs.","authors":"Mohammed Alsharafi, Yusuf Zeren, Haifa Ahmed, Abdu Alameri","doi":"10.2174/0122117385307798240830072353","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385307798240830072353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Various dendrimer nanoparticles have properties like multivalency, controlled size, and surface functionality that make them promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery and other applications in pharmaceutical sciences. The precise tunability of dendrimers is an advantage over other nanoparticles. The topological descriptors can be used to predict the physicochemical properties of dendrimers and optimize their branching pattern for specific applications. The second hyper-Zagreb index and co-index are computed for various chemical structures, including dendrimers, to facilitate the correlation between their structure and biological activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the second Hyper-Zagreb index and second Hyper-Zagreb polynomials were calculated for various chemical structures, such as the molecular graph of poly(propyl) ether imine dendrimer PETIM, nanostar dendrimer (D₃[p]), polypropylenimine octaamine dendrimer (NS₁[p]) and (NS₂[p]), polymer dendrimer (NS₃[p]) and NS₅[p]), fullerene dendrimer (NS₄[p]), and other classes of dendrimers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By computing formulae and analyzing data and figures, we obtained new insights into the features of structure-property connections for these types of compounds of nanostar dendrimers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results can be used to optimize the properties of dendrimers for specific applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"122-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Glycosaminoglycan Delivery: Transforming Joint Health Therapies.","authors":"Mahkesha Nisha, Mohammad Adnan, Kalyani Sakure, Ajaz Uddin, Parag Jain","doi":"10.2174/0122117385329819241212040246","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385329819241212040246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This thorough analysis looks critically at how glycosaminoglycan (GAG) supports joint health. It emphasizes the importance of GAG in particular, clarifies the underlying processes linked to joint pain, and assesses the shortcomings of traditional therapy modalities. Additionally, the research delves into several traditional approaches, such as injectable GAG therapy and oral supplements, carefully evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of each. The study then explores novel GAG drug delivery technologies, acknowledging the urgent need for better treatment approaches. The article highlights the potential of hydrogel-based systems, liposomal/micellar carriers, and nanoparticles in addressing current challenges in GAG delivery. These challenges include achieving sustained release, improving bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery, and reducing safety concerns related to biocompatibility. Examining these elements closely and critically, the review seeks to provide a thorough grasp of the developments, difficulties, and possible breakthroughs in GAG delivery systems. In the end, this thorough investigation will greatly aid in the improvement of joint pain therapies. The results imply that by shielding articular joints from erosive effects, early use of GAG therapy-particularly hyaluronic acid-can reduce joint deterioration associated with arthritis. Even though GAG-based therapies have shown promise in lowering inflammation and increasing joint flexibility, further study is required to improve their effectiveness in treating joint pain, particularly in diseases like osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"377-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moringa Peregrina-derived Selenium Nanoparticles: Potent Inhibitor of Key Inflammatory Pathways in Aluminum-exposed Rats.","authors":"Toka R Mohei Eldeen, Mohammed A Hussein, Nasser Y Mostafa, Sally M F Abdelsalam","doi":"10.2174/0122117385338859241227172523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385338859241227172523","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Human exposure to aluminium, due to its high availability, can lead to nephrotoxicity. This exposure generates reactive oxygen species and triggers apoptosis, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Moringa peregrina, a plant valued for its traditional, nutritional, industrial, and medicinal properties, has been studied for its pharmacological benefits. Selenium nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts have garnered attention for their potential medicinal importance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to investigate the nephroprotective effects of Moringa peregrinaselenium nanoparticles (MPE-SeNPs) on aluminium-induced renal injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Dried powdered seeds of M. peregrina (100 g) were extracted in distilled water to evaluate total phenolics and flavonoids and prepare the targeted MPE-SeNPs. These nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR. The LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of MPE-SeNPs was estimated to prepare 1/50 and 1/20 LD50 doses for evaluating renal protective activity against renal fibrosis in rats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The phenolic and flavonoid content of Moringa peregrina was approximately 76.42 mg of GAE/g DE and 15.55 mg of QE/g DE, respectively. TEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles had a size of around 64.5 ± 5.5 nm with a zeta potential value of 28.57 mV. The UV-Vis profile of the nanoparticles showed two specific peaks at 268 and 277 nm. At the same time, FTIR spectral data revealed the presence of OH, CH-arom., CH-aliph., and C=O groups, characterizing phenolics and flavonoids. The LD50 of the nanoparticles was 773 mg/kg b.w. Oral administration of M. peregrina extract (150 mg) and MPE-SeNPs (15.46 and 38.65 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 7 days significantly improved blood selenium levels as well as plasma levels of urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and phospholipids, as well as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in aluminium-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, M. peregrina and its selenium nanoparticles downregulated renal transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in aluminium-exposed rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in rats treated with MPE-SeNPs was more pronounced than in those treated with M. peregrina extract alone. Histopathological results indicated that MPE-SeNPs improved renal tissue by enhancing antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), suppressing pro-inflammatory IL-2, and scavenging free radicals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The seeds of M. peregrina are rich in phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinola","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":"14 4","pages":"555-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}