Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Oral Health Disparities among Illicit Drug Users in the US: Secondary Analysis using Data from NHANES 2017-2018.","authors":"Nada Farsi, Heba Ashi, Abdulraheem Alwafi, Layla Abuljadayel, Meyassara Samman, Mohamed Bamashmous, Dalia Meisha, Dania Sabbahi","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2420","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between the use of four illicit drugs (cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine) and the dental caries experience among adults in the US using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from NHANES 2017-2018, a cross-sectional study that included adults aged 18-69 years, was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data related to drug use, and a calibrated dental examination was performed to diagnose caries. The associations among the illicit drug use, DMFT score, and score of each component were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marijuana was the most commonly used drug among the participants (60.9%). In adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial models, current heroin was associated with fewer missing teeth (IRR= 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25 - 0.82) and former heroin use with fewer decayed teeth (IRR= 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41 - 0.97). The associations for marijuana and cocaine were not statistically significant after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Illicit drug use shows heterogenous associations with the development of caries; however, the impact differs according to the type of drug. The findings of this study emphasize the requirement for comprehensive dental management and integration of substance-abuse screening within oral healthcare services.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Ozone, Diode Laser, and Photodynamic Therapy Against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans: An In-Vitro Study.","authors":"Cagdas Ozkan, Sera Simsek Derelioglu, Hayrunisa Hanci, Nazli Nur Aslan Ince, Fatih Sengul, Elif Buse Elif Kaplan, Peris Celikel","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2454","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Persistent bacterial contamination of the root canal system, particularly by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), remains a major obstacle in endodontic therapy. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely recognized as the gold-standard irrigant due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, its cytotoxicity has prompted the exploration of alternative or adjunctive disinfection methods, including ozone therapy, diode lasers, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl, ozone, diode laser, and PDT-used alone or in combination with NaOCl-against E. faecalis and S. mutans in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Standard strains (E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. mutans ATCC 25175) were inoculated into 96-well microplates and exposed to the designated treatments following standardized protocols. In the combination groups, NaOCl was applied first, followed immediately by the secondary modality without rinsing. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified by plating on Brain Heart Infusion agar and incubating under appropriate conditions. Statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc pairwise comparisons (p 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NaOCl, both alone and in combination, completely eradicated both bacterial species. Among the alternative methods, ozone gas and PDT statistically significantly reduced S. mutans counts but were less effective against E. faecalis. Diode laser and ozonated water exhibited minimal antimicrobial activity. No synergistic enhancement was observed in the combination groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NaOCl remains the most effective agent for root canal disinfection. Although ozone and PDT showed moderate efficacy-particularly against S. mutans-they may serve as adjunctive options when NaOCl use is limited. Further research is warranted to optimize these alternative approaches for clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12817893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection Among Females with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Defeng Liang, Yixun Wang, Yanfen Li, Zhiying Chen, Qing Zeng, Shanshan Ha, Xincai Zhou, Donglei Wu","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2446","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the association between periodontitis and oral HPV infection, while exploring the role of oral bacterial microbiota diversity.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Data from 4,685 adults in the NHANES 2009-2012 cycles were analysed. Periodontitis was defined based on clinical examination, and oral HPV infection was identified using PCR from oral rinse samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, daily dental flossing, and history of systemic diseases. Subgroup analyses were stratified by age, sex, and education. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate whether the oral microbiome acts as a mediator in the relationship between periodontitis and oral HPV infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant overall association was found between periodontitis and oral HPV infection (P > 0.05). However, females with moderate to severe periodontitis exhibited increased odds of oral HPV infection (P 0.05). Oral HPV infection was associated with greater microbial diversity (higher operational taxonomic units [OTUs]). No significant mediating effect of the oral microbiome was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate to severe periodontitis appears to be associated with higher odds of oral HPV infection in females. These findings highlight the potential relationship between oral health, microbial diversity, and oral HPV infection.</p><p><strong>Clinical implication: </strong>In the general population, periodontitis does not appear to be a major risk factor for oral HPV; however, female with moderate to severe periodontitis and individuals with higher educati-on showed increased odds of oral HPV infection, suggesting that maintaining periodontal health may be particularly important for HPV related risk management in these subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis to Follow-Up: Practice Variability and Evidence-Based Gaps In Vital Pulp Therapy Among Saudi Dentists.","authors":"Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui, Osama S Alothmani, Amna Yusuf Siddiqui, Ibrahem T Almaktoom, Asrar Helal F Alanazi, Khalid Maziad Alzabni, Haifa Ali Almutairi, Hmoud Ali Algarni, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2444","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a minimally invasive approach aimed at preserving pulp vitality in cases of caries or trauma. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools and bioactive materials, clinical practices vary significantly. This study explored the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative practices of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding VPT, with a focus on diagnostic tools, rubber dam isolation, and material selection. The aim was to identify practice variability and evidence-based gaps and propose strategies to standardise care.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 dental professionals using a validated online questionnaire. Data collection spanned December 2024 to early March 2025. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were employed to compare practices across groups, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of good knowledge (≥70%). A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative practices highlighted frequent use of pulp sensibility testing (79.1%) and periapical radiographs (50%), with cold testing as the preferred method (52.6%). However, advanced tools like CBCT were underutilised. Intraoperatively, 67.2% consistently used rubber dam isolation, while calcium hydroxide (22.5%) was the most commonly used pulp capping material, despite increasing adoption of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine. Postoperatively, 46% adhered to a 3-6 month follow-up interval, relying on cold testing and percussion for assessment. Logistic regression revealed postgraduate education, specialisation, and frequency of VPT procedures as significant predictors of evidence-based practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight significant variability in VPT practices among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia, emphasising the need for targeted training programmes and standardised guidelines to bridge evidence-based gaps, improve clinical consistency, and optimise patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"887-898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12720020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Survey of Dentists on Antibiotic Prescribing and Allergy Management in Oral Surgery.","authors":"Paniz Golchini, Sayna Behkar, Ömer Faruk Kocamaz, Serpil Altundoğan","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2391","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescribing habits, guideline awareness, and allergy management practices among dentists performing oral surgical procedures in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 263 dentists between January and March 2025. A 25-item questionnaire collected data on demographics, prescribing criteria, prophylactic use, guideline adherence, allergy/hypersensitivity management, and educational needs. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry Ethics Committee (Decision No: 7/1). The data were analysed via descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests (P 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Penicillin-based antibiotics were most preferred (95.4%). Only 18.3% of the patients consistently followed clinical guidelines, and 16.0% referred patients for allergy testing. While 58.6% chose alternative antibiotics in suspected allergy cases, only 35.4% always informed patients about potential side effects. Awareness of national antibiotic guidelines was reported by 69.6%, but only 33.1% applied them. Statistically significant associations were found between professional title and both guideline adherence (P = 0.015) and monthly prescribing frequency (P = 0.018). Most dentists (77.9%) disagreed with stopping antibiotics when symptoms improved, preferring full courses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dentists in Türkiye frequently rely on empirical antibiotic prescribing in oral surgical procedures, with limited adherence to available clinical guidelines and insufficient attention to allergy management. Although awareness of antimicrobial resistance is relatively high, its translation into evidence-based practice remains inadequate. These findings emphasise the need for clearer national protocols, incorporation of antibiotic stewardship into dental education, and enhanced clinical training in allergy recognition to promote safer and more rational antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"805-813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145763507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Two Public Hospitals in Peru: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Mariafernanda Villar-Rivera, Patricia Esther Asian-Suarez, Javier Bernardo Cruz-Colca, Julissa Amparo Dulanto-Vargas","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2406","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the frequency and factors associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Peruvian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study (2013 to 2022) included data from clinical records of 416 patients from the Head-and-Neck and Oncology Services in two public hospitals in Lima. The primary variable included the presence, location, and degree of differentiation of OSCC with a confirmatory diagnosis from anatomy pathology. Secondary variables included demographic and health data. Comparisons were analyzed using prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and statistical significance set at p 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OSCC was identified in 169 cases (40.6%; 95% CI: 35.9‒45.4). Localization was frequently on the tongue (lateral border 34.5%, mobile 9.5% and base 7.1%), with a well- or moderately differentiated grade (97.4%). The presence of OSCC was similar in both sexes (1.2:1 ratio), was more prevalent in individuals aged 51 to 80 years (66.9%), retired (40.1%), born on the coast (66.7%) and diagnosed in 2018 and 2019 (30.8%). The PRs of OSCC were statistically significantly higher in men (palate: PR 2.77), patients >50 years (presence PR 1.54, lip: 5.28, moderately and well-differentiated: PR 1.11), retired persons (lip: PR 5.52), and those born in the highlands (lip: PR 2.4) (p ≤ 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSCC was frequent in cases of suspected oral cancer, and more frequently affected the tongue, was well- or moderately differentiated, and associated with the demographic factors of sex, age, occupation, and region of birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"875-885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamins in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Molecular Mechanism and Network Pharmacological Analysis.","authors":"Lu-Ran Wang, Dong-Xu Liu, Lei Yu, Li Gao","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2384","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2384","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Periodontitis manifests as a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by pathogenic microbial colonisation, and its pathogenesis involves the interaction of multiple factors such as oxidative stress, immune imbalance and abnormal bone metabolism. In recent years, the role of nutritional factors, especially vitamins, in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and bone regeneration has gradually attracted attention, but their specific mechanisms and clinical application potential still need to be systematically explored. We hypothesised that vitamins A, C, D, E, and K confer protection against periodontitis by synergistically modulating a shared network of targets central to inflammatory and bone metabolic pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study is a review that includes computer simulation analysis. The objective of this research is to analyse the role of vitamins (D, C, E, A, and K) in the prevention and management of periodontitis, and to reveal their potential molecular targets through network pharmacological analysis, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of vitamins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies have shown that vitamins affect periodontal health in a number of ways: anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; vitamin C and E reduce oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors; vitamin D regulates immune cell function and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Regulation of bone metabolism: vitamins D, K, and A can improve alveolar bone resorption by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast activity. Network pharmacology analysis further screened out the core targets and verified their association with inflammation and bone metabolism pathways through molecular docking. Clinical studies have shown that vitamin supplementation can significantly improve periodontal probing depth, loss of attachment, and bleeding index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Vitamins have multiple potentials in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bone regeneration, but their clinical application needs to consider individual differences, bioavailability and synergistic effects. Vitamins D and C emerge as the most critically supported micronutrients for adjunctive periodontitis management. For clinical practitioners, ensuring patients' adequacy in vitamin D is paramount for its immunomodulatory and bone-stabilising benefits, while vitamin C supplementation is strongly indicated for its antioxidant capacity and role in collagen synthesis. While vitamins K, A, and E show promising mechanistic roles, their routine supplementation requires more targeted evidence. Clinical application must consider individual nutritional status, bioavailability, and synergistic effects within a precision nutrition strategy. In the future,","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"815-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of Amalgam and Safe Removal Techniques Among Dentists in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Cansu Yikici Çöl, Sema Yazici Akbiyik, Feridun Hürmüzlü","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2416","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Mercury toxicity from amalgam restorations is discussed as both a physician-patient issue and an environmental concern. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to evaluate the awareness of dentists in Turkey regarding safe amalgam removal protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A 42-question online survey addressing sociodemographic characteristics, educational background, and knowledge of amalgam, removal procedures and their alternatives was conducted between May and September 2024, reaching a sample size of 269 participants. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows, and a P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported a 97.2% rate of undergraduate amalgam training, including both theoretical and clinical components; however, only 23.6% were currently using amalgam in practice. Additionally, 39.7% stated their knowledge about safe removal was insufficient or uncertain, and just 45.6% expressed concern about mercury's environmental impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Governments and professional organisations should actively promote environmentally responsible practices through strategies focused on education, awareness, and sustainability to protect public health and natural resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"853-861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12704172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Single and Multiple Vitamins and the Risk of Dental Caries: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study and Mendelian Randomisation Analysis.","authors":"Qingwen He, Hongyan Xu, Mali Liu, Qiuxia Yu, Mengyuan Lin","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2393","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between the multivitamins with dental caries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our study investigated the association between eight vitamins (including vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, K and E) with dental caries in the NHANES. The mixed effects of multiple vitamins on dental caries were assessed using weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of inflammatory indicators in vitamin deficiency-induced dental caries. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was utilised to determine the potential causal relationship between multivitamins and dental caries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the 5,145 individuals enrolled in our study, finally 1,715 were diagnosed with dental caries. The result of Model 3 after adjusting for all vitamins and covariates indicated that only vitamin B12 was negatively associated with dental caries in other three quartiles compared with the lowest quartile. Moreover, the dental caries risk decreased with increased concentration levels of multiple vitamins in the BKMR model. Vitamin B12 was confirmed as the main contributor to the association in WQS analysis. Mediation analysis indicated that four inflammatory indicators were the potential effects of vitamin B12 on dental caries. During MR analysis, a causality between vitamin B12 deficiency and dental caries was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cross-sectional study discovered a negative association between vitamin mixtures exposure and dental caries prevalence, with vitamin B12 as the main contributor. MR analysis also supported a causality between vitamin B12 deficiency and dental caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"827-844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Halitosis Among University Students in Guangxi, Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Haishan Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Xingguo Fu, Honglin Qin, Xiaochun Chen, Xiaojuan Zeng","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2326","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of halitosis and explore associated factors among university students in Guangxi, Southern China.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students aged 18-25 from 10 universities in Guangxi using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Face-to-face, paper-based questionnaires were administered to collect participants' general information and data on self-reported halitosis. Organoleptic testing (OLT) was used as the clinical reference standard for diagnosing organoleptic halitosis. Standardised oral examinations were also conducted to evaluate participants' oral health status. A bidirectional stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with self-reported and organoleptic halitosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,377 participants, 34.9% self-reported halitosis, and 33.9% were diagnosed with organoleptic halitosis by the OLT. The agreement rate between the two methods was 65.4%, with a Cohen's κ coefficient of 0.23, indicating fair concordance. In the final multivariate regression analysis, self-reported halitosis was significantly associated with self-perceived stress, dry mouth, food impaction, gingival bleeding, and respiratory tract diseases. In contrast, organoleptic halitosis was significantly associated with smoking, infrequent water intake, lack of daily tongue cleaning, and poor oral hygiene. The absence of regular dental scaling and a tongue coating score (TCS) ≥5 were common correlates of both self-reported and organoleptic halitosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of halitosis in this population based on the OLT was 33.9%. Early identification and patient education may help reduce the burden of halitosis and improve overall oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"863-874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12704173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}