Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Oral Lichen Planus in Patients Referred to the Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology in Ljubljana, Slovenia.","authors":"Eva Skaleric, Luka Lipar, Anea Mlinar, Nina Hropot Plesko","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2665","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence of oral lichen planus and its associated factors among the patients referred to the Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology in Ljubljana, Slovenia in the period 2022-2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Out of 1288 patients, 111 patients (8.6%) were diagnosed with oral lichen planus either clinically or by histopathology and/or with direct immunofluorescence assay and included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>79.3% were women and the average age was 63.05 ± 11.94 years. The buccal mucosa was affected most frequently (44.1%) and reticular lesions were the most prevalent (54.1%). Associated skin lesions were found in 5.4% of patients, and 13.5% of the patients also had periodontal disease. 63.1% of the patients reported having at least one systemic disease, 64.0% of the patients reported taking one or more medications. Most of the patients (87.0%) were non-smokers. 60.0% of the patients reported being symptomatic. In 36.0%, the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, and in 29.7% of the cases the diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study reveal that the prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients referred to the Department of Oral diseases and Periodontology in Ljubljana, Slovenia, is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nationwide Saudi Oral Health-related Quality of Life Appraisal by OHIP-14: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Diaa Almutairi","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2666","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) across Saudi Arabia and identify the most affected domains and regions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the Arabic-validated OHIP-14 questionnaire and sociodemographic data. OHIP-14 scores (0-56) indicate poorer OHRQoL at higher values. A total score ≥60% was defined as poor OHRQoL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 694 participants, 70.6% were female and 66.4% were aged 25-44. The prevalence of poor OHRQoL was 14.8%. Physical pain (26.8%) was the most frequently reported domain, followed by psychological discomfort (25.2%) and psychological disability (23.5%). The mean OHIP-14 total score was 15.8 ± 14.4; physical pain showed the highest mean domain score (3.3 ± 2.2). Poor OHRQoL was statistically significantly more common in males, older adults (>44 years), those with lower education, and smokers (all p 0.05). The Southern region had the highest median OHIP-14 score (27.0), followed by Northern (18.0) and Central (14.0), while the Eastern region had the lowest (6.0) (p 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral problems considerably affect the quality of life of Saudi adults, particularly in physical pain and psychological domains. Vulnerable groups include males, older individuals, smokers, and those with lower education, while the Southern and Northern regions show the highest impact. Targeted preventive and educational interventions are needed to address these disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"319-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Analysis of Associations Between Pulp Stones and Demographic and Tooth-Related Factors in a North China Population.","authors":"Qian Gao, Gege Li","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2667","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the associations between pulp stone occurrence and age, gender, dental arch, and tooth types in the North China population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>CBCT images were selected based on inclusion criteria: complete permanent dentition (28 intact teeth) and absence of systemic diseases. A total of 335 patients aged 20-40 years were included. Prevalence of pulp stones was compared across age, gender, dental arch, and tooth type. Associations with demographic and tooth-related variables were examined using generalised estimating equations (GEE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pulp stones were detected in 28.4% of patients and 6.2% of teeth. 92.6% of affected patients had multiple stones, and 53.4% exhibited complete bilateral symmetry. Prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males, and in the maxillary arch than in the mandibular arch (both P 0.05). Molars, particularly maxillary first molars, were most frequently involved (P 0.008). No significant left-right or age- related differences were observed (P > 0.05). GEE analysis indicated that the occurrence of pulp stones was 1.25 times higher in the maxillary arch than in the mandibular arch, 2.05 times higher in females than in males, 19.28 times higher in molars than in incisors, and 4.14 times higher in canines than incisors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulp stones were more frequently observed in females, maxillary teeth, and first molars, showing no significant association with age or arch side but a tendency for multiple and symmetric occurrence within individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"311-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes in the Non-Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis After Removing the Suprastructure Prior to Treatment - A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Ohlin G P Cremers, Dagmar Else Slot, Gert J Meijer, Mark F Timmerman","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2661","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To retrospectively explore the effect of suprastructure removal prior to non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis on clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The electronic patient health record (EHR) of a practice restricted to periodontology and implantology was searched to identify all subjects who had at least one implant with peri-implantitis and received non-surgical treatment after suprastructure removal. The implant was cleaned with both ultrasonic devices and metal manual instruments, and oral hygiene self-care instructions were given to the patient. The suprastructure was cleaned in the dental laboratory and temporarily replaced with a healing abutment. Clinical parameters at baseline and 3 months post-therapy were retrieved from the EHR. These included peri-implant pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on implant probing (BoIP), suppuration on probing (SUP), and recession (REC). Data at 3 months were compared to data from the baseline assessment. In addition, the photographs were evaluated with the gingival index (GI) and bone loss was estimated from the radiographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven patients with 15 implants were included in the study. After 3 months, a statistically significant reduction of mean PPD (from 6.1 mm to 3.3 mm) was observed (p = 0.001). The percentage of BoIP-positive sites was reduced from 94% to 28% (p = 0.001), and the percentage of SUP-positive sites was reduced from 29% to 2% (p = 0.011). REC did not show a statistically significant change (p = 0.398). The GI decreased from 0.93 to 0.40 (p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, including removal and laboratory cleaning of implant suprastructures combined with temporary replacement by a healing abutment, showed improvement of clinical peri-implant health parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Hygiene and Links to Oral Health of Patients Living in Lithuania and Abroad With an All-On-4 Restoration.","authors":"Evelina Daugėlienė, Rima Navickė, Šarūnė Barsevičienė, Monika Balčytienė","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2656","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tooth loss plays an important role in human health, causing functional, aesthetic, and social damage. In adults, tooth loss is an indicator of poor oral hygiene, mainly caused by dental caries and periodontal disease, or may result from congenital conditions, injury, or trauma. There is currently a rapidly growing interest in the All-on-4 restorations. The aim of the study was to assess oral hygiene and related oral health in the Lithuanian and European-based cohorts with All-on-4 restorations.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>An observational, cross-sectional survey study was chosen for the research. A questionnaire with 32 questions was applied. The number of research participants was 125. The inclusion criteria: patients aged 18 years and older; Lithuanians and non-Lithuanians with All-on-4 restorations; patients who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gingival retraction and bleeding were more prevalent in the Lithuanian cohort. A total of 58.5% of participants in the Lithuanian cohort and 60% in the European-based cohort reported having been informed about potential implant-related complications associated with poor oral hygiene. 46.2% of the Lithuanian cohort and 26.7% of the European-based cohort believed they possessed sufficient knowledge regarding the care of fixed prostheses on implants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More patients in the Lithuanian cohort were informed about the importance of oral hygiene, and they more often think they have sufficient knowledge about the care of fixed prostheses on implants than patients in the European-based cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth Anomalies, Caries, and Gingival Health in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ege Dogan, Bengisu Eskici, Ece Eden","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2595","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate tooth anomalies, caries status, and gingival health in individuals with different types of cleft lip and palate (CLP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Radiographic and photographic records of 116 patients with CLP were retrospectively examined. Standardized forms were completed in three age-based subgroups (3-5 years, 6-12 years, ≥13 years) and three cleft type groups (right UCLP, left UCLP, BCLP). The DMFT index in permanent teeth, dmft in deciduous teeth, tooth anomalies, and gingival health were recorded. Prevalence of decay and anomalies in the cleft region was evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests were used. A significance level of p 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean DMFT value was 3.96 ± 3.12, and the mean dmft value was 1.18 ± 2.59. In the anterior region, no filled permanent teeth were found in 109 individuals, no supernumerary teeth in 105, and no teeth with shape abnormalities in 97. Healthy gums were observed in 48 patients. The relationship between cleft type and maxillary anterior decay showed statistically significant differences (p 0.05), and DMFT values also differed statistically significantly among cleft groups (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients not only exhibit poor overall oral hygiene but also a higher prevalence of decay in the cleft region. Adoption of a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration with other healthcare professionals can further enhance overall health and quality of life for these individuals. This is among the first studies in Turkey to simultaneously evaluate anomalies, caries, and gingival health in CLP patients with an a priori power analysis. These findings underline the importance of early, targeted preventive dental strategies in individuals with cleft lip and palate, particularly in the cleft region where caries and dental anomalies are more prevalent. An integrated evaluation of dental anomalies, caries experience, and gingival health may support more effective preventive dentistry and improved long-term oral health outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"285-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perioperative Oral Care on the Length of Hospital Stay in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients.","authors":"Hiroshi Ishibashi, Yoshiharu Enomoto, Satoshi Fukuzawa, Keiji Tabuchi, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Toru Yanagawa","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2585","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared pre- and postoperative interventions on perioperative oral function management during cardiovascular surgery to clarify their effects on patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>243 consecutive patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery at a single-center facility between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Fever of 38°C or higher was analyzed by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses, and the length of hospital stay was analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who received preoperative oral function management were more likely to have a fever than those who received postoperative management. The log-rank test showed a shorter length of hospital stay by 5 days for the preoperative oral function management group; however, the length of hospital stay was not statistically significantly different between the group that underwent postoperative oral function management and the group that did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative oral management is important to reduce the length of hospital stay after cardiovascular surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"269-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Knowledge and Practice Related to Light-Curing and Resin-Based Composites Polymerization.","authors":"Afnan O Al-Zain, Haidar Alhaddad, Rozana A Al-Bukhary, Dalia E Meisha","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2629","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Delivering high-quality restorative care requires clinicians to possess a solid understanding of light-curing units (LCUs) and resin-based composite (RBC) polymerisation. Despite growing research highlighting knowledge gaps among dental professionals, a disconnect remains between evidence-based recommendations and clinical implementation. This study assessed knowledge gaps and clinical practices related to LCUs and RBC polymerisation among dental students, general dentists, specialists and consultants in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A validated, electronic questionnaire collected data on demographics, LCU and RBC selection criteria, knowledge of polymerisation, and related clinical practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 291 respondents, 63.9% of participants were unaware of their LCU irradiance, and 52.6% were not aware of the emission spectrum. Related clinical practices, maintenance routines, and infection control were suboptimal, with only 7.9% performed daily irradiance checks and 38.5% lacking a defined maintenance routine. Specialists demonstrated better knowledge than students and general dentists (P 0.05), yet knowledge gaps persisted across all groups. Notably, 81% of respondents expressed interest in continuing education on LCUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant deficiencies in LCU selection, photoinitiator compatibility awareness, and maintenance practices were identified across all practitioner categories. Integrating competency-based education and standardised protocols is essential to improve polymerisation quality, ensure long-term restorative success, and safeguard patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"253-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bristle Hardness of Manual Toothbrushes on the Cleaning Efficacy of Teeth with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.","authors":"Damian Wüthrich, Andrea Gubler, Thomas Attin, Florian J Wegehaupt","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2638","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the influence of bristle hardness (soft or medium) and simulated aging of manual toothbrushes on the cleaning efficacy in teeth with fixed orthodontic appliances.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Brackets were attached to black resin teeth coated with a layer of titanium dioxide and brushed using a soft and medium toothbrush. Two different brushing motions, horizontal and circular, were tested. After every brushing session, the percentage of cleaned areas was measured to evaluate the cleaning performance. Brushing with the respective toothbrushes on a 3D-printed typodont with brackets and wire was performed to simulate the aging of the brush. Cleaning performance was reassessed after simulated periods of two, four and six months. Statistical analysis was performed at baseline and after six months of simulated use, using beta regression and pairwise comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Toothbrushes with softer bristles consistently cleaned more effectively than harder ones, regardless of brushing motion (p 0.0001, respectively). At all timepoints, horizontal brushing was also more effective than circular brushing. The cleaning performance for all bristle types and brushing motions improved over the test period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Softer bristles consistently outperformed harder ones, indicating potential benefits for patients with orthodontic appliances. While horizontal brushing was more effective than circular motions, the direct application to clinical settings is limited due to the complexity of in-vivo toothbrush wear and individual brushing habits. Nonetheless, the choice of softer bristles and horizontal brushing techniques may increase the cleaning efficacy on orthodontic appliances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"277-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Conservative Approaches on the Physio-Mechanical Properties of Caries Lesions Remineralized with Silver Diamine Fluoride.","authors":"Sarah S Al-Angari, Ali Alrahlah","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2505","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a proven caries-arresting agent, but its clinical acceptance is limited by the black staining of treated lesions. This purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium iodide (KI), bleaching, microabrasion, and their combinations on the average surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of SDF-stained remineralized caries-like lesions (s-RCLs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Human enamel slabs were demineralized and randomized into six groups (n = 17): G1, no treatment; G2, treated with 38% SDF to create s-RCLs; G3, s-RCLs+KI; G4, s-RCLs+KI+bleaching; G5, s-RCLs+KI+microabrasion, and G6, s-RCLs+KI+microabrasion+bleaching. Ra and SBS were measured and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demineralization statistically significantly increased Ra (p ≤ 0.003). Post-treatment, G5 exhibited the highest Ra (p 0.001) and SBS (p ≤ 0.010), while G4 had the lowest SBS (p ≤ 0.018). G6 demonstrated Ra comparable to control groups and an average SBS, indicating a favorable balance between surface smoothness and bonding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the combined use of KI, microabrasion, and bleaching achieved the least statistically significant Ra while maintaining an average SBS, providing superior functional outcomes compared with bleaching or microabrasion alone, making it a promising conservative approach for managing SDF-treated lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}