Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Performance of Large Language Models in Oral Cancer Patient Education: An Evaluation of Reliability, Readability, and Patient Communication Quality.","authors":"Bo Zhang, Weiwei Shi, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2786","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As society is increasingly depending on large language models (LLMs) for health-related questions, it is essential to objectively evaluate the quality and accessibility of the oral cancer information they provide. Although LLMs occupy a growing space in digital health communication, it remains unknown whether the information they generate is both reliable and easy to read.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and readability, respectively, of the responses generated by four mainstream LLMs (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, and DeepSeek) to questions related to oral cancer. Specifically, the present authors aimed to evaluate the reliability of responses to common oral cancer questions and assess whether the readability of responses meets established expectations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two commonly asked, patient-orientated oral cancer-related questions were developed through two predefined phases: Google Trends analysis and expert consultation with specialists in oral oncology. Each question was entered as an independent single-turn prompt into four LLMs: ChatGPT-5, Gemini 2.5, Perplexity Pro, and DeepSeek v3.2. The primary outcome was information reliability and quality, assessed using four standardized instruments: the DISCERN questionnaire, the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). The secondary outcome was readability, assessed using six established indices: the Automated Readability Index, Flesch Reading Ease Score, Gunning Fog Index, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman-Liau Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among the four LLMs in DISCERN, EQIP, and JAMA scores (all P 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found in GQS scores (P = 0.440). Perplexity Pro achieved the highest mean DISCERN score (46.36 ± 4.70), EQIP score (85.00 ± 0.00), GQS score (4.05 ± 0.58), and JAMA score (1.00 ± 0.00). However, all models produced responses above the recommended sixth-grade readability level. The mean FKGL scores ranged from 12.65 ± 3.07 for ChatGPT-5 to 15.65 ± 3.36 for Perplexity Pro, and the mean FRES scores ranged from 37.50 ± 14.27 for Perplexity Pro to 52.59 ± 12.47 for Gemini 2.5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current LLMs may support oral cancer patient education, but their use remains limited by variable information quality, insufficient transparency, and poor readability. Although Perplexity Pro performed better on several reliability-related metrics, no model showed consistently high performance across all dimensions or met recommended readability standards. Future LLM-based patient education tools should prioritise verifiable sourcing, guideline-based accuracy, risk communication, and plain-language adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"659-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Water Intake and Periodontitis in Korean Adults: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey.","authors":"Hyo-Jin Lee, Hyun-Jae Cho","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2784","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the association between total water intake (TWI) and periodontitis among Korean adults and examined whether this relationship differed according to dietary sodium intake.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nationally representative data from adults aged ≥19 years (n = 9547) who participated in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2016-2018) were analyzed. Total water intake, representing overall hydration exposure from foods, beverages, and drinking water, was estimated using a 24-h dietary recall. Periodontitis was defined as a Community Periodontal Index score ≥3. Dietary sodium intake was categorized as ≤2000 or >2000 mg/day according to World Health Organization recommendations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses accounting for the complex survey design were performed, with sequential adjustment for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and systemic conditions. Stratified analyses were conducted by sodium intake level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower total water intake was consistently associated with higher odds of periodontitis. After full adjustment, individuals with the lowest TWI (≤500 ml/day) had significantly greater odds of periodontitis compared with those with higher intake (≥1500 ml/day; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.76). This association was evident primarily among participants with high dietary sodium intake (>2000 mg/day; OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09-1.84), whereas no statistically significant association was observed in the low-sodium group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower total water intake is associated with increased odds of periodontitis in Korean adults, particularly among individuals consuming high levels of dietary sodium. These findings are hypothesis-generating and suggest that promoting adequate daily water intake warrants further investigation as a potential modifiable strategy for periodontal health, particularly in populations with high sodium consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"719-725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Oral Cavity Cancer and Lymphoma: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Yayan Deng, Min Kang","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2780","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between oral cavity cancer (OCC) and lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate whether this association reflects a causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was utilized to screen genetic instrumental variables (IVs) obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OCC and lymphoma, applied various MR methods (inverse variance weighted [IVW] as the main method) to assess the causal relationship between the two malignancies, and performed sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropic tests to evaluate reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No bidirectional causal association between OCC and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was found. Subgroup analysis also showed that no noteworthy bidirectional causal relationship between OCC and NHL subtypes. However, we identified a statistically significant inverse correlation between mature T/NK-cell lymphoma and OCC (IVW: odds ratio [OR] 0.985, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.820-0.978, p=0.013). Patients initially diagnosed with mature T/NK-cell lymphoma would have a decreased risk of OCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This MR study ruled out the causal relationship between OCC and lymphoma. Future multiethnic studies with substantial sample sizes are need to replicate our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"649-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Effects of 'Nigella sativa' and 'Vitis vinifera' on Intraoral Wound Healing.","authors":"İsmail Tekbaş, Metin Çalişir, Ebru Annaç, İbrahim Bozgeyik, Ziynet Çinar","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2793","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of Nigella sativa and Vitis vinifera oils on intraoral wound healing in rats through biochemical, histopathological, and histomorphometric evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Sixty male Wistar albino rats (4-6 months old) were divided into four groups: Control (C, n = 6), Saline (S, n = 18), Nigella sativa (Ns, n = 18), and Vitis vinifera (Vv, n = 18). A full-thickness circular wound of 3.5 mm was created in the palate. Treatments were administered daily via oral gavage until the day of sacrifice. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured from collected blood samples using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Full-thickness tissue samples (1 × 1 cm, including healthy tissue) underwent routine histological processing. The resulting intraoral photographs were used for digital wound area measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the experimental groups, cytokine levels in blood samples collected during the first week differed significantly compared with the control group. Significant differences in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were observed among the subgroups on days 7, 14, and 21 (p 0.05). Histological evaluation showed a significant reduction in intraepithelial ulceration in the Ns and Vv groups (p 0.05), along with increased re-epithelialisation. Wound area measurements revealed significant differences between the Ns and Vv groups and the S group (p 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nigella sativa and Vitis vinifera support intraoral wound healing through modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first experimental comparison of these two phytochemicals in an intraoral wound healing model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"695-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tongue Lesions Among Children Attending a University Dental Hospital in the Western Mediterranean Region of Türkiye.","authors":"Derya Ceyhan, Gökçe Özcan Altınsoy","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2775","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tongue lesions in children are often overlooked during routine dental examinations despite their clinical relevance. This study evaluated the prevalence of tongue lesions among children attending a university dental hospital from the Western Mediterranean Region of Türkiye and explored their associations with demographic variables, systemic conditions, and oral hygiene-related factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional, clinic-based study, a total of 1097 children aged 2-13 years attending a pediatric dental clinic were included. Participants were categorized into two age groups (2-5 and 6-13 years). Tongue lesions were assessed through standardized oral examinations, and data on demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and oral hygiene practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. Associations between tongue lesions and these variables were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tongue lesions were detected in 6.2% of participants, with geographic tongue representing the most common lesion. Fissured tongue was more frequent in males overall (p=0.019) and in older children, while geographic tongue predominated in younger children. No statistically significant differences in tongue lesions were observed according to age groups or sex within age groups (p>0.05). Fissured tongue was associated with allergies in older children (p=0.039), whereas tongue lesions were more common in younger children with asthma (p=0.034). A positive family history of tongue lesions was statistically significantly more common among older and younger children with fissured tongue (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively), as well as among those with geographic tongue in both age groups (p=0.001 for both groups). Although tongue brushing was more common among older children (p=0.016), moderate and severe levels of tongue plaque were also higher in this group (p=0.040 and p=0.002, respectively). Tongue lesions (older children: DMFS, p=0.004 and DMFT, p=0.009; younger children: dfs, p=0.044 and dft, p=0.012), and higher plaque levels (older children: DMFS, p=0.020 and DMFT, p=0.022) were associated with increased caries indices, whereas mouthwash use was associated with lower caries indices (older children: DMFS, p=0.009 and DMFT, p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tongue lesions may provide clinically relevant information regarding oral hygiene, caries experience, and systemic conditions, highlighting the importance of routine tongue examination in pediatric dental assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"727-735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Dental Caries Experience in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Çiğdem Güler, Emine Yurdakul Ertürk, Didem Odabaşı, Emre Serhan Alper","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2779","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and dental caries in children remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between current serum 25(OH)D levels and dental caries experience in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included children aged 3 to 15 years without systemic disease who presented to the Department of Pediatrics, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Ordu, Turkey, between November and December 2023. Serum 25(OH)D levels obtained from routine blood tests and intraoral examinations performed on the same day were evaluated retrospectively. Dental caries experience was assessed using dmft and DMFT indices according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and caries experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 326 children were included (172 girls, 52.8%; 154 boys, 47.2%). The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 50.08 ± 16.68 nmol/l, and the mean combined caries index (decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth [dmft] and decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth [DMFT]) was 3.66 ± 3.44. No statistically significant relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D levels and caries experience (P > 0.05). Girls had statistically significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels than boys (46.03 ± 15.21 nmol/l vs. 54.63 ± 17.10 nmol/l, P 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this cross-sectional study, no statistically significantly relationship was found between current serum 25(OH)D levels and dental caries experience in children. Further longitudinal studies with comprehensive assessment of potential confounding factors are needed to better clarify this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"643-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cardiologists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Calcium Channel Blocker-Induced Gingival Overgrowth.","authors":"Zeynep Akgül, Ahmet Çınar","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2777","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used in cardiovascular disease management; however, calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth remains an underrecognized adverse effect that may impair oral hygiene, exacerbate periodontal inflammation, cause functional and esthetic problems, and potentially affect adherence to cardiovascular therapy. This study aimed to evaluate cardiologists' knowledge, awareness, and clinical practices regarding DIGO and to explore factors influencing preventive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, survey-based study included 139 cardiologists in Türkiye. A structured 25-item questionnaire assessed demographics, oral health awareness, prescribing habits, and clinical practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of preventive counseling and oral-focused history taking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 cardiologists participated in the study. Of these, 74.8% were male, and the most common age group was 40-49 years (37.4%). Within the past year, 66.9% had undergone a dental examination, and 47.5% reported a history of periodontal treatment. Knowledge of DIGO pathogenesis was reported by 41.3% of participants, whereas 31.2% stated they had no knowledge. Only 22.3% of cardiologists reported providing preventive oral health advice, while 61.2% referred patients after complications developed. Multivariable analysis revealed that knowledge of DIGO mechanisms was inversely associated with preventive counseling (OR = 0.44, p = 0.004), whereas prior oral health training showed a non-significant but clinically relevant positive trend (OR = 2.24, p = 0.061). Similarly, knowledge-related variables were not positively associated with oral-focused anamnesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiologists' awareness of DIGO remains limited, and their preventive practices are inadequate. The findings reveal a critical knowledge-behavior gap, indicating that increased awareness does not necessarily translate into preventive clinical practice. Interventions targeting behavioral change and structured interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to improve early recognition and management of DIGO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Association Between Body Composition, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Periodontitis: Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress Markers.","authors":"Yike Yao, Jiahui Sun, Yanting Zou, Yuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Jiang, Jun Ji","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2770","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine, in a sex-stratified manner, the associations of fat mass index (FMI), muscle mass index (MMI), and the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) with oral health as represented by periodontitis (PD), and to quantify the mediating role of systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers in these associations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research drew on cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2014; n=3,553). Confounder-adjusted weighted logistic regression models determined sex-stratified associations. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression evaluated non-linear MFR-PD relationships. Mediation analysis quantified the contribution of OS markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among women, lower MFR was associated with a statistically significantly increased PD risk (OR=0.49, 95% CI:0.34-0.72, p=0.001). Higher FMI (OR=1.59, 95% CI:1.15-2.19, p=0.008) and MMI (OR=1.86, 95% CI:1.13-3.07, p=0.018) also conferred increased risk. No statistically significant associations were observed in men. Serum albumin mediated 15.1% (p= 0.040) of the association between MFR and PD, 27.9% (p= 0.040) of the association between MMI and PD, and 23.4% (p0.001) of the association between FMI and PD. Subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant interaction effects (all p> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In women, a lower MFR is independently associated with higher PD prevalence, while higher FMI and MMI are also associated with elevated PD prevalence. Serum albumin partly explains these associations, suggesting that oxidative stress may be one of the pathways linking body composition imbalance to compromised oral health. No comparable associations were observed in men. For clinicians, MFR together with serum albumin may serve as accessible and low-cost markers for identifying women, particularly those in the peri-menopausal period, who could benefit from early periodontal screening and targeted nutritional or lifestyle interventions. Prospective cohort studies and interventional trials are warranted to confirm causality and to evaluate whether improving body composition translates into measurable benefits for oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"599-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Analysis of the Oral Microbiome and Oral/Oropharyngeal/Tongue Cancers.","authors":"Leng Han, Xinxuan Wu, Beini Gong, Xun Li, Xiao Li, Zhifa Wang","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2778","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the potential causal relationships of the oral microbiome with the risks of oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and tongue cancer using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis, while distinguishing these from reverse causal effects of the cancers on microbial abundance.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance-weighted approach to evaluate the effects of the dorsal-tongue and salivary microbiomes on oral, oropharyngeal, and tongue cancers. Analyses were conducted with the R package TwoSampleMR, leveraging genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from CNGBdb, the FinnGen consortium, and other sources. Sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy assessments were performed. Additionally, reverse MR sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the possible causal influence of cancers on the oral microbiota.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significance threshold of p 5 × 10-6, our large-scale MR study revealed genetically supported causal relationships between microbial taxa derived from saliva and the tongue and the risk of oral, oropharyngeal, and tongue cancers. Integrating these results, we found that both 's Veillonella_rogosae_mgs_2008' and 's unclassified_mgs_1048' conferred a reduced risk of oropharyngeal and tongue cancers. Sensitivity analyses based on heterogeneity tests and pleiotropy evaluations further corroborated the robustness of our findings, lending additional credibility to the conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study leveraged large-scale publicly available genetic data and identified significant causal relationships between the oral microbiota and cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and tongue. Reverse MR analyses indicated that oral and tongue cancers may in turn alter the abundance of specific oral microbes, suggesting a potential bidirectional causal loop. Future work should integrate metagenomic data to further validate these microbiota-cancer associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"613-621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13469316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Enamel Matrix Derivative As Adjuncts to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Split-Mouth Randomised Clinical Trial.","authors":"Nathan E Estrin, Paras Ahmad, Savannah Laurey, Nima Farshidfar, Richard J Miron","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2750","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory condition resulting in the gradual breakdown of periodontal supporting structures. Although non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is the gold standard first therapeutic option, its effectiveness can be limited in moderate-to-severe cases, hence necessitating the application of adjunctive therapies. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) are among the most extensively utilised regenerative biomaterials; nevertheless, direct comparative evidence related to their adjunctive advantage in NSPT is scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This split-mouth randomised clinical trial compared the clinical effectiveness of EMD versus PRF as adjunct biological modalities to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the non-surgical management of Stage II/III and Grade A/B periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Fifteen participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included, with thirteen completing the trial. Each patient contributed two interproximal sites randomly allocated to either adjunctive EMD or PRF after full-mouth SRP. Before the placement of biomaterial, EMD sites were treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), whereas PRF was prepared utilising the standard horizontal centrifugation approach. Periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival margin (GM) position, clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both biomaterials yielded significant intra-group improvements. Mean PD scores were reduced by 1.1 ± 0.6 mm in the EMD group and 1.2 ± 0.7 mm in the PRF group. CAL gains were 1.1 ± 0.7 mm and 1.1 ± 0.8 mm for EMD and PRF, respectively. GM levels remained stable across groups, and BOP markedly decreased (EMD: 77% to 23%; PRF: 85% to 31%). Intergroup comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences for PD (p > 0.999), GM (P = 0.174), or CAL (P = 0.556). Moreover, frequency distribution analysis showed that 100% of deep sites (≥ 6 mm) in the EMD group and 90% in the PRF group were reduced to 6 mm at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both EMD and PRF showed comparable clinical outcomes as adjunctive regenerative biomaterials in NSPT to manage moderate periodontal pockets. These outcomes support the versatility of clinicians in selecting either biological option based on practitioner and patient preference, availability, and cost, while opening avenues for future studies investigating their application in more complex periodontal cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"24 ","pages":"623-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}