Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on Oral Healthcare in Patients Wearing Removable Orthodontic Appliances.","authors":"Zhuqing Yu, Xiaoteng Shen","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.c_1801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.c_1801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the alterations in oral healthcare indicators subsequent to the administration of cetylpyridinium chloride.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, clinical data of 58 patients who received orthodontic treatment using removable appliances at our medical facility were collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they used cetylpyridinium chloride during orthodontic treatment: the combined group (n = 31, received 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride gargle in addition to periodontal cleaning during the use of orthodontic appliances, with gargling applied three times daily for at least 1 min after meals) and the cleaning group (n = 27, received only periodontal cleaning). Data on oral healthcare were collected and analysed at 1, 3, and 6 months into the treatment regimen. The indices evaluated were gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subsequent evaluations revealed that, at 3 and 6 months post-intervention, patients in the intervention group exhibited statistically lower scores in GI, SBI, and PLI when compared to the control group. Similarly, the PD measurements showed more statistically significant reductions at each follow-up interval - 1, 3, and 6 months - in the intervention group. IL-10 levels were notably higher in the intervention group at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating cetylpyridinium chloride into the oral healthcare regimen for patients using removable orthodontic appliances has been shown to statistically significantly improve oral health, enhance periodontal functions, and reduce inflammatory responses in the gingival sulcus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"23 ","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-implantitis, Risk of Recurrence and Implant Loss in Soldiers with Stage III/IV Periodontitis during 20-30 Years of Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT).","authors":"Felix Wörner, Thomas Eger, Adrian Kasaj, Benjamin Ehmke","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5884987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.b5884987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To help fill the knowledge gaps regarding the long-term effectiveness of peri-implantitis therapy, this retrospective study of soldiers with treated severe periodontitis (stage III gen. / IV) who had been undergoing adherent SPT for at least 20 years aimed to determine the frequency of peri-implantitis and patient-related risk factors for this, as well as the 10-year survival rates of dental implants under peri-implantitis therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The observation period was between 1993 and 2023. All patients were referred by their military dentists for specialist dental training and underwent systematic periodontal therapy. A multi-stage peri-implantitis treatment concept was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 86 (31%) of 276 patients (total treatment time 23.6 ± 2.8 years, 53.1 ± 20.4 SPT sessions), 296 implant restorations were performed to close gaps or lengthen rows of teeth. In 29 (33%) of the implant patients, peri-implantitis developed on 25% of the implants. As a result, 11% of all implants were lost within 10 years due to peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis led to implant loss in 59% of affected patients and 45% of implants. The survival time of implants lost later was 8.4 ± 6.2 years. Peri-implantitis and implant loss rates increased statistically significantly in stage IV periodontitis as well as in heavy smokers. Patients with implant loss and peri-implantitis had received systemic antibiotics due to periodontitis recurrence statistically significantly more frequently than patients without peri-implantitis and without implants during the ≥ 20-year SPT (p 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the present results, the early extraction of teeth during SPT in patients with treated generalised periodontitis stage III and stage IV plus replacement with implants is not advantageous.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"695-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay Between the In-Vitro Cleaning Performance and Wear of Manual Toothbrushes in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.","authors":"Florance A Lasance, Andrea Gubler, Thomas Attin, Florian J Wegehaupt","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5883989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.b5883989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the impact of manual toothbrush usage duration and associated wear on cleaning performance in a tooth model with fixed orthodontic appliances.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Black resin teeth with attached brackets were coated with a white layer of titanium dioxide and subjected to brushing using a brushing machine. Two distinct brushing motions, horizontal and circular, were tested. Following each brushing session, the percentage of cleaned areas (total and adjacent to the bracket) was measured to determine the cleaning performance of the toothbrushes. Usage was simulated using a 3D-printed tooth relief with brackets and wire. Cleaning performance was re-evaluated after simulated 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of usage, and toothbrush wear was quantified respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cleaning performance of all investigated brushing motions and tooth areas improved during the test period, although statistical significance was only reached for horizontal brushing. Furthermore, horizontal brushing proved more effective regarding total tooth area and the area adjacent to the bracket compared to circular brushing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This in-vitro data shows that toothbrushes may feature sufficient or even improved cleaning performance on teeth with orthodontic appliances even after 24 months. However, direct transferability into the clinical setting is limited, as in-vivo toothbrush wear is complex and depends on individual patient habits, and other factors might necessitate an earlier toothbrush change. Nevertheless, this study suggests that cleaning performance and thus oral hygiene in patients with orthodontic appliances may not be critically dependent on usage duration and visual appearance of the toothbrush itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"681-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of the Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Pregnant Women in Ivory Coast: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Zocko Ange Désiré Pockpa, Gnaba Samson Mobio, Aboubacar Sidiki Thissé Kane, Nadin Thérèse Koffi-Coulibaly, Assem Soueidan, Camille Bechina, Xavier Struillou","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5883991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.b5883991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Several studies have established a significant association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia. Despite this, awareness among pregnant women, particularly in developing countries, remains insufficient, potentially impeding the adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women in Ivory Coast regarding the association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the Cocody University Hospital in Ivory Coast. A questionnaire was distributed to assess sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about the relationship between periodontal diseases and pregnancy complications. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test, with the level of significance set at p 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample included 338 pregnant women with an average age of 30.78 years (± 5.90). Of these, 24.26% were aware that periodontal disease could induce complications in pregnant women and newborns. The knowledge of pregnant women is correlated with their educational level (p = 0.023) and their profession (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge among pregnant women about the association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains insufficient in Ivory Coast. These results highlight the necessity for continuous improvement of educational programs targeting pregnant women and healthcare providers on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"689-694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease, Access to Dental Services and Perception of Oral Health in Adolescents and Adults from a Rural Community in Angola.","authors":"Marcial António Simão Songa, Tânia Adas Saliba, Nemre Adas Saliba, Fernando Yamamoto Chiba, Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5877397","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5877397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the epidemiological profile of dental caries and periodontal disease, access to dental services, and perception of oral health in adolescents and adults from a rural community in Angola.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, performed with 575 individuals aged between 12 and 40 years. The prevalence of caries and periodontal disease was assessed using the DMFT index and the Community Periodontal Index. Data on access to dental services, health and oral hygiene habits, and perception of oral health were collected through interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>42.8% never had a dental appointment; 85.1% had their last consultation in a public health service; 60.2% considered the service to be average/poor; 32.5% had their last consultation due to pain; 57.4% considered their oral health to be good/very good; 51.0% brushed their teeth twice a day; and 36.9% did not use toothpaste. The prevalence of untreated caries was 72.9% and only 1.7% of teeth affected by tooth decay were restored. A mean of 0.88 ± 1.44 sextants showed gingival bleeding; 1.46 ± 1.74 showed dental calculus; and 0.16 ± 0.58 showed periodontal pockets. The prevalence of sextants with periodontal pockets of 6 mm or more was 1.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of untreated caries was high, while periodontal disease does not represent a severe problem in this population. Access to dental services is poor and limited to extractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"665-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis Between Prognostic Nutritional Index Trajectory Categories and Radiotherapy-induced Severe Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy.","authors":"Meizi Liu, Fei Gao, Ran An, Zitong Wu, Wenfeng Chen","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5877400","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5877400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish the potential prognostic nutritional index (PNI) trajectory categories and examine the association between these PNI trajectory categories and severe radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a longitudinal retrospective observational study on 470 head and neck cancer inpatients who were to undergo radiotherapy from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Hunan Province between July 2022 and October 2023. The latent class growth model and growth mixed model were used to identify PNI trajectory categories. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between PNI trajectory categories and severe RIOM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three PNI trajectory categories were identified: 'PNI high-level group' (20.9%), 'PNI medium-level group' (61.3%) and 'PNI low-level group' (17.9%). The risk of severe RIOM was statistically significantly higher in the 'PNI medium-level group' and 'PNI low-level group' with OR 2.174 (95%CI 0.980-4.822) and OR 3.45 (95%CI 1.212-9.815), respectively. PNI trajectory categories and cancer type were independent risk factors for severe RIOM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNI can be used as a biomarker to predict severe RIOM. Patients with head and neck cancer who have a lower PNI are at higher risk of severe RIOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"671-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Association between Orthodontic Treatment, Retention Modality and the Prevalence of Gingival Recession.","authors":"Panagiotis Theodorelos, Martina Ferrillo, Nikolaos Pandis, Dimitrios Kloukos, Padhraig S Fleming, Christos Katsaros","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5871487","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5871487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The prevalence of gingival recession in orthodontically treated patients and the relative impact of retainer type on its occurrence remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between previous orthodontic treatment and retainer type on the long-term prevalence of gingival recession and to evaluate the role of other patient-related factors, such as gender, age, smoking and gingival phenotype.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We included subjects both with and without a history of previous orthodontics (at least 5 years post-treatment). The periodontal status assessment and the presence of gingival recession were recorded. A generalised estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression model was used to examine the effect of the mode of retention and tooth type on recession adjusted for age, smoking, gender and gingival phenotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 251 individuals (mean age of 32 ± 9.43 years) were included. Ninety-nine (39.4%) had a history of orthodontics with an observation period of 15.7 years. Those undergoing orthodontics followed by fixed retention had the highest prevalence and magnitude of recession; a history of orthodontics was statistically associated with the occurrence of recession (odds ratio: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.52; 3.82; P 0.001). Both age and the presence of a thin gingival phenotype were significant predictors for recession (P 0.001). The adjusted probabilities of recession per tooth indicated that the mandibular central incisors had the highest probability for recession, with either a fixed or removable retainer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on this observational study, the provision of orthodontic treatment followed by removable or fixed retention had a bearing on the occurrence of recession. The aetiology of gingival recession is multifactorial with a thin periodontal phenotype, age and smoking history being risk factors, while mandibular central incisors are particularly susceptible.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"647-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Enamel Matrix Derivatives with Bone Graft vs Bone Graft Alone in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony and Furcation Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ibrahim Fidan, Julien Labreuche, Olivier Huck, Kevimy Agossa","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5871494","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5871494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the clinical performance of the combination of enamel matrix derivatives and bone substitutes (EMD&#43;BG) with bone substitutes (BG) alone in the surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony and furcation defects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Electronic databases (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) were searched for randomised controlled trials in humans that investigated the combination of EMD&#43;BG vs BG alone in either intrabony or furcation defects with a minimal follow-up of 6 months. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted according to the type of defect (intrabony or furcation defects) and the follow-up time (6 or ≥ 12 months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 1583 entries, 9 randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were retrieved and included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. All of them were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis detected an additional clinical attachment level (CAL) gain in intrabony defects treated with EMD&#43;BG compared to BG alone in studies with ≥ 12-month follow-up (mean difference = 0.67 mm, 95% CI [0.44 ; 0.90], p 0.00001). No additional benefit was found in furcation defects in terms of CAL gain or probing depth (PD) reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of EMD may improve the clinical outcomes of intrabony defects treated with bone substitutes. These findings may support the use of this combined therapy, particularly in large and non-contained defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"655-664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of Dental Surgical Masks by Aerosols Generated During Different Dental Treatments.","authors":"Alexandra Stähli, Rui Fang Nhan, Janika Michelle Schäfer, Jean-Claude Imber, Andrea Roccuzzo, Anton Sculean, Martin Schimmel, Christian Tennert, Sigrun Eick","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5866891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.b5866891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic raised the question about the extent of microbial exposure encountered by dentists during dental therapy. The purpose of this study was to quantify microbial counts on surgical masks related to duration and type of dental therapy, as well as patient oral health variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sterile filter papers were fixed on surgical masks used during routine daily dental therapy. Thereafter, the filter papers were pressed onto blood agar plates for 1 min, before the agar plates were incubated with 10% CO2. After 48 h, the colony forming units (CFU) were counted and microorganisms were identified. The dependence of the CFU counts on treatment and patient-related variables was analysed using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Filter papers obtained from 322 dental treatments (429 masks) were included in the final analysis. On average, 5.41 ± 9.94 CFUs were counted. While mostly oral bacteria were detected, Staphylococcus aureus was also identified on 16 masks. Linear regression, incorporating patient-related and treatment characteristics through step-wise inclusion, revealed statistical significance (p 0.001) only with the variable 'assistance during therapy'. The type of dental treatment exhibited a trend, with fewer CFUs observed in caries treatment compared to periodontal or prosthodontic therapy. Furthermore, after analysing filter papers from masks used by dental assistants in 107 dental treatments, fewer CFUs were found on the masks compared to those used by dentists (p 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean number of CFUs observed consistently remained low, highlighting the efficacy of the implemented hygiene measures. Consequently, it is clinically recommended to support dental treatment with precise suction of the generated aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"631-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Probiotic Tablets in the Reduction of Halitosis: A Randomised, Single Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Guixia Huang, Nan Li","doi":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5866901","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.ohpd.b5866901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of a fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet on halitosis as an alternative to mouthwash.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Halitosis is the unpleasant and offensive odour emanating from the oral cavity (bad breath), which is linked to the presence of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). A randomised, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 102 volunteers who had oral complaints (range 18-60 years). Breath samples were taken and analysed for the level of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) and dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3). Sixty-one volunteers who met the halitosis criteria were enrolled and completed the clinical trial. Two groups were formed according to the test employed: the Immediate Effect Test (IET) (n = 31) and the Effective Duration Test (EDT) (n = 30). In the IET, subjects were divided into three subgroups: fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet (MT, n = 11), the fresh-breath lozenge tablet (LT, n = 10), and fresh-breath mouthwash (MW, n = 10). Halitosis was measured immediately after completely consuming the test tablet or gargling. In the EDT, subjects were also divided into three subgroups: fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet (MT, n = 10), probiotic powder (PP, n = 10) and probiotic tablet (PT, n = 10). Halitosis was measured at 0 h, 1 h, and 2 h after consuming the test substances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the IET group, a statistically significant reduction in VSCs was obtained in all three subgroups compared with baseline (VSCs of MT group, p 0.01, VSCs of LT subgroup, p 0.05, VSCs of MT group, p 0.01). The fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet subgroup showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in VSCs compared to the fresh-breath lozenge subgroup (p 0.01). No statistically significant differences in VSC reduction were found between the fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet subgroup and the mouthwash group (p = 0.38). In the EDT group, the VSC level of the fresh-breath mild effervescent tablet group was still statistically significantly lower than the baseline 2 h after consumption (p 0.01). The two control groups which used commercial fresh-breath probiotic products did not show any statistically significant difference compared to baseline. The VSC level of these two groups gradually returned to the baseline level 2 h after consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fresh-breath mild effervescent tablets have shown promising potential as an alternative, effective, and potentially safe choice for fresh breath in comparison to mouthwash.</p>","PeriodicalId":19696,"journal":{"name":"Oral health & preventive dentistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"639-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}