Optics express最新文献

Detailed study of laser diode array collimation based on a tolerancing analysis.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.542149

Marcus Baumgart, Andreas Hofbauer, Marcus Hennecke, Andreas Tortschanoff

{"title":"Detailed study of laser diode array collimation based on a tolerancing analysis.","authors":"Marcus Baumgart, Andreas Hofbauer, Marcus Hennecke, Andreas Tortschanoff","doi":"10.1364/OE.542149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.542149","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates how misalignments of collimation lenses affect two performance criteria: minimum throughput within an angular window and maximum beam height. Based on these criteria, we establish an alignment concept for the first section of a LiDAR emitter. The performance criteria are derived from the overall LiDAR system requirements and applied to an optical system consisting of a laser diode array source, a microlens array for slow-axis collimation, and an acylinder for fast-axis collimation. We use raytracing-simulations to model the collimation system and characterize its performance, emphasizing the calculation and significance of the performance criteria. Defined misalignments are introduced into the optical system to study their impact. Special attention is given to whether each misalignment requires passive or active alignment. Notably, the rotation of the acylinder around the optical axis is identified as the most sensitive parameter. Finally, we present an alignment procedure based on the results of the tolerancing analysis. This study not only identifies critical misalignment factors but also offers a practical alignment solution, potentially reducing manufacturing costs and improving the reliability of micro-optical systems.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"1791-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parallel six-mode-selective converter based on photonic crystal fiber without holes in the cladding.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.541251

Zejun Zhang, Shixiao Sun, Shiqi Pu, Jingbo Su, Yasuhide Tsuji, Yanlong Li, Jing Xu

{"title":"Parallel six-mode-selective converter based on photonic crystal fiber without holes in the cladding.","authors":"Zejun Zhang, Shixiao Sun, Shiqi Pu, Jingbo Su, Yasuhide Tsuji, Yanlong Li, Jing Xu","doi":"10.1364/OE.541251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.541251","url":null,"abstract":"Mode-selective converters (MSCs) play an indispensable role in mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems, and the commonly used cascaded waveguide-based MSCs not only have a relatively large size but also increase the insertion loss and mode crosstalk during the conversion process. In this paper, a parallel six-mode-selective converter (6-MSC) is proposed to enhance the integration of the device, which consists of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and six step-index fibers (SIFs). Here, a PCF without any holes in the cladding is proposed. Based on this structure, the distance between the PCF core and the SIF core can be arbitrarily adjusted, which greatly improves the design freedom of multi-core optical fiber devices. Simulation results show that at a wavelength of 1.55 µm, the proposed 6-MSC can achieve parallel conversion from the fundamental mode in each SIF to the corresponding modes (L P01x, L P01y, L P11a x, L P11a y, L P11b x and L P11b y) in the PCF at a device length of 800 µm. The maximum coupling efficiency is 96.22% and the crosstalk is below 3.45%. Moreover, the coupling efficiencies of all six mode pairs exceed 80% within the wavelength range of 1.538∼1.560 µm, and the 3-dB coupling efficiency bandwidth covers the entire C-band. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parallel conversion between six orthogonal fiber modes and fundamental modes based on PCF. The proposed 6-MSC holds promising prospects for future integrated high-capacity MDM systems.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2908-2923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth, structure, spectroscopic, and laser properties of Ho-doped yttrium gallium garnet crystal.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.540363

Sami Slimi, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, Christian Kränkel, Pavel Loiko, Rosa Maria Solé, Magdalena Aguiló, Francesc Díaz, Weidong Chen, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Xavier Mateos

{"title":"Growth, structure, spectroscopic, and laser properties of Ho-doped yttrium gallium garnet crystal.","authors":"Sami Slimi, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, Christian Kränkel, Pavel Loiko, Rosa Maria Solé, Magdalena Aguiló, Francesc Díaz, Weidong Chen, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Xavier Mateos","doi":"10.1364/OE.540363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.540363","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the growth of a 2.86 at.% Ho:YGG crystal using the optical floating zone technique in an oxygen-rich environment, followed by the study of its structure, optical spectroscopy and first demonstration of continuous-wave laser operation at 2.1 µm. The crystal structure refined through the Rietveld method reaffirms the cubic symmetry (sp. gr. Ia3¯d, a = 12.2796(9) Å). The absorption, stimulated-emission (SE), and gain cross-sections for the 5I8 ↔ 5I7 Ho3+ transition were determined from the spectroscopic studies. The SE cross-section, σ SE, amounts to 9.5 × 10-21 cm2 at 2084 nm, and the luminescence lifetime of the 5I7 state is 8.94 ms. Among the Ho-doped garnets, Ho:YGG is characterized by smoother gain cross sections and a long luminescence lifetime. Laser operation of the Ho:YGG crystal is showcased using a 1908 nm Tm-fiber laser as a pump source. The in-band pumped Ho:YGG laser delivers 976 mW at 2085 and 2109 nm with a slope efficiency of 50.1%.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2529-2541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Chern numbers in photonic crystals using generative adversarial network-based data augmentation.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.544553

Ao Sun, Haotian Wu, Jingxuan Guo, Cheng Zong, Zhong Huang, Jing Chen

{"title":"Predicting Chern numbers in photonic crystals using generative adversarial network-based data augmentation.","authors":"Ao Sun, Haotian Wu, Jingxuan Guo, Cheng Zong, Zhong Huang, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1364/OE.544553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.544553","url":null,"abstract":"The Chern number is the core of topological photonics, which is used to describe the topological properties of photonic crystals and other optical systems to realize the functional transmission and the control of photons within materials. However, the calculation process of Chern numbers is complex and time-consuming. To address this issue, we use the deep learning accompanied with Maxwell's equations to predict the Chern number of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a square lattice in this paper. We propose a numerical-to-image generative adversarial networks (GANs) augmentation method to solve the problem of insufficient training data. Our method demonstrates excellent predictive performance on the test dataset, achieving an average accuracy of 92.25%. Besides that, the proposed data augmentation method can significantly improve the accuracy of Chern number predictions by 7.95%, compared with the method that did not use this approach. This method offers what we believe to be a novel solution to the challenge of limited numerical data samples in deep learning applications like complex calculations of physical quantities. It may also have certain potential to improve deep learning algorithms in other fields of science and engineering.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3005-3012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extraction of power transmission parameters from PT-symmetric waveguides.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.549572

Chengnian Huang, Zhihao Lan, Menglin L N Chen, Wei E I Sha

{"title":"Extraction of power transmission parameters from PT-symmetric waveguides.","authors":"Chengnian Huang, Zhihao Lan, Menglin L N Chen, Wei E I Sha","doi":"10.1364/OE.549572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.549572","url":null,"abstract":"The PT-symmetric waveguides have been frequently discussed in the photonics community due to their extraordinary properties. Especially, the study of power transmission is significant for switching applications. The aim of this study is to extract the mode power transmission parameters based on the coupled mode equations and analyze the power properties of the PT-symmetric system. The equations relying on the coupled mode theory are constructed according to the two different orthogonality relations between the original and adjoint system. The results matching well with the finite difference simulations demonstrate the validity of our method, while the conventional coupled mode theory fails. The power properties in the PT-symmetric and PT-broken phases are also observed. Furthermore, a new integration is implemented from which the conserved quantity is defined and extracted, which reflects the Hamiltonian invariant of the system. Our method fully incorporates the properties of complex modes and allows the study of the power transmission properties based on the orthogonality relations, which is also applicable to other types of non-Hermitian optical systems. This work provides what we believe to be a new perspective for the power analysis of PT-symmetric waveguides and is helpful to design the switching devices.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"3162-3176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of tunable high-order vortex beams from a Hermite-Gaussian thin-disk laser.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.544326

Jingjie Hao, Kunjian Dai, Hongyu Liu, Heyan Liu, Hongshan Chen, Qing Wang, Lisong Yan, Jinwei Zhang

{"title":"Generation of tunable high-order vortex beams from a Hermite-Gaussian thin-disk laser.","authors":"Jingjie Hao, Kunjian Dai, Hongyu Liu, Heyan Liu, Hongshan Chen, Qing Wang, Lisong Yan, Jinwei Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.544326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.544326","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the generation of high-order, high-power vortex modes from a Hermite-Gaussian (HG) Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator, with tunable mode orders ranging continuously from one to ten. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest order of HG and vortex modes obtained using a thin-disk module. The output power for most of these modes reaches up to 10 W, setting a new benchmark for intracavity high-order HG mode generation. The mode tunability is demonstrated experimentally and supported by simulations, realized by adjusting the angle and position of the output coupler to manipulate the intracavity resonance conditions. A cylindrical-lens mode converter is employed to transform the generated HG modes into Laguerre-Gaussian vortex modes. The properties of the resulting vortex beams are measured using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phase retrieval algorithms. Our results demonstrate significant progress in generating high-order structured light with an extended tunable range and high-power operation within thin-disk laser systems, providing new opportunities for applications in light-matter interaction, remote sensing, and optical manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2631-2639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-power high-performance radio-over-fiber link for minimalist wireless base station.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.548042

Shengkun Chen, Zhiyao Zhang, Huan Tian, Yaowen Zhang, Weiqiang Lyu, Xinhai Zou, Lingjie Zhang, Zhen Zeng, Heping Li, Yong Liu

{"title":"High-power high-performance radio-over-fiber link for minimalist wireless base station.","authors":"Shengkun Chen, Zhiyao Zhang, Huan Tian, Yaowen Zhang, Weiqiang Lyu, Xinhai Zou, Lingjie Zhang, Zhen Zeng, Heping Li, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1364/OE.548042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.548042","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband minimalist wireless base stations without energy-consuming electrical power amplifiers are the rosy scenario of the next-generation wireless communication systems. High-power radio-over-fiber (RoF) links, which are featured by large operation bandwidths, are regarded as the supporting technology for realizing such a vision. Nevertheless, the severe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) deterioration induced by the second Brillouin scattering in high-power and long-distance RoF links must be first solved. Here, an approach to suppressing the secondary Brillouin scattering-induced SNR deterioration in high-power long-distance RoF links is proposed and demonstrated based on phase modulation driven by a sinusoidal signal. In the proof-of-concept experiment, the Brillouin threshold in a high-power RoF link involving a spool of single-mode fiber (SMF) with a length of 10 km is increased by more than 5 dB with the assistance of phase modulation. The SNR is improved by 31 dB when the optical power injected into the SMF is 22 dBm. In addition, the error vector magnitude (EVM) is optimized from 31.71% to 0.62% for transmitting a 256-QAM wireless communication signal with a center frequency of 5 GHz and a bandwidth of 6.75 MHz in this RoF link under the injected optical power of 22 dBm. Based on this high-power RoF link, a minimalist wireless base station utilizing a photodetector-direct-drive antenna is realized. This scheme is feasible for transmitting broadband wireless communication signals, where a 64-QAM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication signal with a center frequency of 10 GHz and a bandwidth of 400 MHz has achieved high-quality transmission in this high-power RoF link under an injected optical power of 22 dBm.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"1995-2007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incoherent light interferometer for single-shot, dual wavelength, areal topography measurements of a reflective surface.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.541192

Anna Michalska, David McKendrick, Nick Weston, Jonathan D Shephard

{"title":"Incoherent light interferometer for single-shot, dual wavelength, areal topography measurements of a reflective surface.","authors":"Anna Michalska, David McKendrick, Nick Weston, Jonathan D Shephard","doi":"10.1364/OE.541192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.541192","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an interferometer for single-shot areal quantitative phase imaging at two wavelengths simultaneously, suitable for use with low coherence sources. It operates in reflection geometry with on-axis illumination, so that it can be conveniently applied to surface texture measurements. The system consists of two identical 4f systems forming the reference and sample arm. The reference arm is terminated by an optical assembly consisting of a dichroic mirror and two diffraction gratings, providing two separate dispersed off-axis reference beams. Two sets of distinct, separable interference fringes allow the use of the synthetic wavelength technique to obtain an extended unambiguous range of measurement recorded in a single frame. The implementation presented here was operating with superluminescent diode (SLED) sources with central wavelengths of 757 nm and 841 nm, giving a theoretical unambiguous range of 3.79 µm. The system was experimentally tested by measuring a sample with a 1 µm deep groove in electroformed nickel. The result shows good agreement with a contact stylus profiler measurement, although further work is needed to limit the noise in the interference signals.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"1760-1771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated photonic crystal beam splitters based on thin film lithium niobate.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.541824

Siyuan Zhou, Guanyu Chen, Yu Wu, Jindong Lu, Wenqu Su, Yushan Liu, Ziyao Zhang, Hua Yu

引用次数: 0

Analysis of crosstalk drift and optimization of spatial light modulator based mode-selective multiplexers for multimode fibers.

IF 3.2 2区物理与天体物理

Optics express Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1364/OE.540756

Zun Htay, Fabio A Barbosa, Filipe M Ferreira

{"title":"Analysis of crosstalk drift and optimization of spatial light modulator based mode-selective multiplexers for multimode fibers.","authors":"Zun Htay, Fabio A Barbosa, Filipe M Ferreira","doi":"10.1364/OE.540756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.540756","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive mode-selective multiplexers offer the potential to control the modal content within multimode fibers for space division multiplexing (SDM). To such an end, spatial light modulators allow programmable control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of optical wavefronts. One of the major challenges is to precisely match the manipulated beam to the waveguide modes in the multimode fiber. Achieving precise alignment of optical components within the free space system is crucial for accurate mode multiplexing while active alignment may be necessary to overcome environment induced drift. In this paper, we investigate, through theory, simulations and experiments, the impact of misalignment errors in a free space telescopic Fourier system, including phase mask and lenses misposition and angular misalignment in fiber collimation. Mode multiplexing is achieved using phase holograms in the Fourier domain while mode demultiplexing is achieved through off-axis holography and Fourier domain processing. Furthermore, we analyze the crosstalk drift with time in SDM transmission over a 45 mode OM3 fiber. System stability is experimentally evaluated over a 9-hour transmission period.","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 2","pages":"2896-2907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0