Optics express最新文献

{"title":"Double-freeform lens design for angular-spatial control of light fields.","authors":"Yuou Sun, Bailin Deng, Juyong Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.591084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.591084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise simultaneous control of both angular and spatial light-field distributions remains a longstanding challenge in optical design, often requiring complex multi-element configurations. In this work, we propose a compact single-lens solution that achieves unified angular-spatial modulation through the co-optimization of double freeform surfaces. The problem is formulated as an extended caustic design that enforces prescribed irradiance patterns on two distinct receptive planes, where the dual-plane constraint implicitly defines the directional characteristics of the light field while preserving spatial accuracy. This framework eliminates the need for auxiliary optical components while delivering performance comparable to that of conventional multi-lens systems. Comprehensive numerical simulations verify the method's effectiveness, demonstrating accurate and stable control of both angular and spatial light-field properties. The proposed approach establishes a practical foundation for compact, high-performance optical systems and provides a promising route toward integrated angular-spatial light-field engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14027-14043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced in-situ growth of luminescent ETTA-BTD covalent organic frameworks.","authors":"Ziyu Liu, Xin Wen, Chenqi Yi, Zongsong Gan","doi":"10.1364/OE.588263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.588263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess highly tailorable optical properties and hold significant potential for photonic applications. However, their fabrication typically relies on high-temperature and long-duration reactions, which limit spatially controlled growth at the microscale. Here, we report a purely light-driven in situ growth strategy based on a focused 473 nm continuous wave laser. Localized photothermal fields generated at the solid-liquid interface induce rapid crystallization inside an ETTA-BTD precursor, leading to the formation of micron and nanoscale COF structures with strong blue photoluminescence within seconds. This process proceeds without global heating or chemical activation. By tuning the laser power and scanning trajectories, high-precision fluorescent micropatterns can be directly scribed. This approach provides a simple and efficient optical fabrication route for applications of COFs in optical encoding, integrated photonic devices, and anti-counterfeiting technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14763-14771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on deformation mechanism and filling behavior in precision glass molding of D-K9 microlens arrays.","authors":"Haotong Ai, Changxi Xue, Haoxu Li, Yue Liu","doi":"10.1364/OE.589399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.589399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision glass molding (PGM) is a promising method for mass-producing planar microlens arrays (MLAs). However, it faces key challenges in achieving uniform sub-lens filling and minimizing residual stress, which significantly limit optical performance and manufacturing yield. This study employs a finite element simulation to optimize process parameters and reveal the mechanisms behind uneven material deformation. We found that a double convex preform is better than a cylindrical one, as its initial point contact promotes coordinated shear deformation, resolving the insufficient edge filling. Parametric optimization shows that combining \"higher temperature and lower velocity\" during processing effectively reduces initial stress, ensuring stable lens profile accuracy. This approach explicitly improves uniformity and minimizes localized shear stress at the array edge. Additionally, stress relaxation and viscoelastic retraction are key mechanisms during the hold stage, with significant profile changes occurring within the first 25 seconds. Precision glass molding of the designed equi-double convex preform was performed using optimized parameters. The resulting microlens array exhibited filling rate higher than 91% and a surface roughness of less than 4 nm, effectively validating the accuracy of the simulation model. These findings clarify meaningful mechanistic relationships and provide manufacturers with a practical framework for large-scale production of high-uniformity MLAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15326-15346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of partially transparent thick metallic sodium in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range: reply.","authors":"Hiroyuki Daido, Tetsuya Kawachi","doi":"10.1364/OE.591523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.591523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We thank the paper by Gottfried et al. [Opt. Express34, 15812 (2026)10.1364/OE.560729] for the comments on our paper, Daido et al. [Opt. Express21, 28182 (2013)10.1364/OE.21.028182]. We performed the experiment more than a decade ago. At that time, we observed \"anomalous\" transmission of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light through a sodium sample as described in our original paper. If we had obtained opaque sodium in the VUV spectral range using a few-mm-thick sodium samples, we would never have submitted a paper on this matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15822-15825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the anomalous ridge width effect in GaN-based blue-violet laser diodes caused by carbon contamination.","authors":"Yufei Hou, Luyi Yan, Zongshun Liu, Jing Yang, Feng Liang, Yuheng Zhang, Degang Zhao","doi":"10.1364/OE.592830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.592830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the anomalous ridge width effect and its underlying physical mechanisms in GaN-based blue-violet laser diodes (LDs), four LDs with ridge widths of 4 µm, 6 µm, 8 µm, and 10 µm are fabricated. The power-current-voltage (P-I-V) characteristics show that the output power of the 6 µm-wide ridge LD is significantly higher than that of the 10 µm-wide ridge LD, contradicting the empirical expectation that increasing ridge width may enhance power output. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirm the presence of a carbon-rich protrusion beneath the ridge on the front cavity surface of the 10 µm-wide ridge LD, thereby significantly reducing the output power. Combined with process flow analysis, this carbon contamination is attributed to the cleaving and sputter deposition processes on the cavity facets. Due to the high optical absorption of carbon, the increased optical loss leads to the anomalous reduction in output power. This study reveals the microscopic physical mechanism underlying the abnormal ridge width effect, providing critical insights for process optimization in high-power LDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"13744-13751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfabricated optical interference microphone for high signal-to-noise ratio up to 70.2 dB.","authors":"Xin Luo, Yuqiang Hu, Xiao Peng, Qihui Liu, Yongquan Su, Yichen Liu, Jiachen Han, Lingtao Huang, Dalong Chen, Yang Wang, Lihao Wang, Zhenyu Wu, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1364/OE.588482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.588482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical transduction-enabled acoustic sensing stands out as a promising substitute for conventional capacitive sensing in MEMS microphones, especially for ultra-low-noise applications. Here, we demonstrate a prototype optical MEMS microphone sensor with optimized photonic-mechanical coupling. The sensor is fabricated through a standard micro-manufacturing process, wherein the diaphragm is made of polysilicon material with low bending stiffness and compatibility with the MEMS process. The sensor enables measurement within a frequency bandwidth of 200 Hz to 6.1 kHz. A sensitivity of 89.2 mV/Pa is obtained within the sound pressure measurement range of 0.1 to 1 Pa with a maximum nonlinearity error of 2.97% and a repetitive error of 1.11%. The signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor is 70.2 dB based on the balanced differential method. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion of the sensor is 0.08% within the pressure range. The sensor demonstrates significant application potential in high-performance acoustic detection, such as medical auscultation and machine condition monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14887-14899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for large antenna deformation measurement based on fusion of visual imaging and laser ranging.","authors":"Hongshun Zhang, Peng Sun, Wei Zhuang, Kuai Yu, Bixi Yan, Jun Wang, Mingli Dong","doi":"10.1364/OE.592437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.592437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the need for measuring high-precision full-field deformation of large planar array synthetic aperture radar antennas in orbit, this paper proposes a measurement method that integrates visual imaging and laser ranging. First, a coordinate system involving the camera, a two-axis turntable, and a laser rangefinder is established for the measurement system, and a three-dimensional (3D) coordinate calculation model is developed based on the triangulation principle. Subsequently, using the world coordinate system as a unified reference, a calibration model is constructed to characterize the non-orthogonal and non-intersecting spatial relationship between the two rotational axes of the turntable and the laser beam. On this basis, the external parameters of the camera relative to the world coordinate system are determined via the collinearity equation. The world coordinate system then serves as an intermediary to achieve high-precision extrinsic calibration between the camera and the laser rangefinder through coordinate transformation. Furthermore, a nonlinear mapping model between the image coordinates of a target point and the rotation angles of the turntable is established. It is demonstrated that this mapping exhibits a local one-to-one correspondence under aiming conditions. Through a strict convexity analysis, an effective operational domain is identified to ensure the stability of the inverse solution. Building on this, an autonomous laser beam aiming model is developed, incorporating coarse, secondary, and fine aiming strategies to guarantee precise convergence of the laser beam and the camera's line of sight at the target point. Experimental results show that the root mean square errors of the coordinate measurements in the X, Y, and Z directions are 0.28 mm, 0.34 mm, and 0.59 mm, respectively. This performance meets the accuracy requirements for in-orbit high-precision deformation monitoring of space-borne antennas, thereby providing a feasible technical solution for their on-orbit measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14733-14752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-wave infrared detection based on difference-frequency generation up-conversion.","authors":"Rui Wang, Jiyong Yao, Qian Wang, Bingrui Wang, Jiaze Sun, Wei Li, Jianfeng Cui, Feng Qi","doi":"10.1364/OE.592067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.592067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-wave infrared (LWIR) band holds critical value in applications such as industrial monitoring, biomedical imaging, and spectral analysis. However, frequency conversion for wavelengths above 5 μm, which covers the core LWIR spectral range, remains challenging due to the limited effective nonlinear coefficients of most optical crystals and severe absorption losses in the mid-infrared to LWIR region, restricting the efficiency of upconversion processes. Meanwhile, mainstream commercial mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detectors typically require cryogenic operation to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), coupled with high fabrication costs, which severely hinders their widespread deployment under room-temperature conditions. This paper presents a room-temperature LWIR detection device based on frequency upconversion technology, which enables high-sensitivity detection across a broad spectral range (7.5-9 μm) without the need for cooling. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves a minimum detectable energy at the fJ level under nanosecond-pulse operation, along with excellent wavelength stability and high responsivity. Compared with typical commercial HgCdTe detectors, the proposed device exhibits a sensitivity improvement of up to approximately 2.4 orders of magnitude at room temperature, significantly enhancing detection accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio for LWIR signals under room temperature conditions. This work provides an effective technical pathway toward the development of room-temperature, low-cost, and high-performance LWIR detection systems, showing promising potential for applications in real-time monitoring, portable sensing, and spectroscopic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15376-15386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast laser-induced transient evolution mechanism of ablation and shock wave in titanium alloys.","authors":"Wenhe Wang, Shaopeng Meng, Peng He, Yushuo Zhang, Yizhao Meng, Xinlei Pan, Rui Qin, Feng Chen, Qiang Chen, Liucheng Zhou","doi":"10.1364/OE.591675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.591675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding ultrafast laser interactions with titanium alloys is critical for applications like precision machining and laser shock peening. Using a pump - probe shadowgraphy, we track the transient evolution of ablation and shock waves over delay times from 0.5 to 1600 ps. Three stages are identified: energy relaxation (0.5-1 ps), rapid material ejection (3-300 ps), and the formation of a stable ring structure after 500 ps. Ablation morphology depends strongly on laser parameters: pulse energy controls ablation diameter, while pulse duration and impact time govern depth. Shock wave expansion, propagation velocity, and pressure distribution also vary with laser settings, with the initial mechanical shock pressure up to 130.3 GPa. These results clarify ultrafast laser-matter dynamics and support optimization of laser processing parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14266-14287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-nanoprinted fiber-integrated microlenses enhanced with an aspherical surface for spot size minimization.","authors":"Jan Kośnic, Monika Halendy, Jan Pindor, Wanting Ji, Quandong Huang, Xinyong Dong, Tomasz R Woliński, Sławomir Ertman","doi":"10.1364/OE.587997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.587997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microoptics plays a pivotal role in photonics due to its significant potential for system miniaturization. Consequently, ongoing efforts aim to improve the performance and functionality of these components. Microlenses represent one of the key technologies under development and are already employed in applications such as sensing and beam-scaling systems. However, their performance can be further improved to broaden their applicability across more demanding scenarios. The optimization of complex microlens designs typically involves analytical or numerical tools, with a wide variety of such tools available. These tools often yield discrepancies between their results. In this work, we compare an analytical method with a numerical one and evaluate the performance of a microlens fabricated using a high-precision nanoscale 3D-printing technique, enabling the fabrication of complex surfaces. We optimized both spherical and aspherical surfaces in terms of their spot size - a parameter whose optimization is crucial for many applications, such as fiber-coupling setups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14860-14874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}