Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.566027
Xin-Yue Liu, Chun-Jie Yang, Jun-Hong An
{"title":"Quantum surface effects on quantum emitters coupled to surface plasmon polariton.","authors":"Xin-Yue Liu, Chun-Jie Yang, Jun-Hong An","doi":"10.1364/OE.566027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.566027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an ideal platform for exploring strong quantized light-matter interactions, surface plasmon polariton (SPP) has inspired many applications in quantum technologies. Recent experiments discovered that quantum surface effects (QSEs) of the metal, including nonlocal optical response, electron spill-out, and Landau damping, invalidate the classical electromagnetic theory and contribute additional loss sources to the SPP in the nanoscale. This hinders its applications. Going beyond the widely used classical local response approximation, we use the Feibelman <i>d</i>-parameter method to investigate the QSE-modified non-Markovian dynamics of quantum emitters (QEs) coupled to a SPP in a planar metal-dielectric nanostructure. A mechanism to overcome the dissipation of the QEs caused by the lossy SPP with the QSEs is discovered. We find that, as long as the QE-SPP bound states are formed, a dissipationless entanglement among the far-separated QEs is created. Compared with the local-response approximate results, the QSEs play a constructive role in establishing such a coherent correlation. The result lays a foundation for understanding the light-matter interactions in absorptive media and paves the way for the application of SPP in quantum network.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"31858-31874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.568010
Christopher J Grunbok, Boris S Leonov, Richard B Miles
{"title":"250-kHz UV/IR sodium planar laser-induced fluorescence and application to 3D imaging of a flame.","authors":"Christopher J Grunbok, Boris S Leonov, Richard B Miles","doi":"10.1364/OE.568010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.568010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we introduce high-repetition-rate planar laser-induced fluorescence of sodium using a UV/IR scheme in which the 3s-4p transition at 330 nm is excited, followed by detecting fluorescence from the 3d-3p intermediate transition at 819 nm for qualitative imaging of flame structure. This approach avoids background interference from strong sodium emission from the flame at 589 nm by using strong long-pass filters. A flame was rendered in three dimensions (3D) by sweeping the laser sheet across it, highlighting the utility of the UV/IR excitation/detection scheme in resolving complex structures. The ethanol-based flame was mixed with water, and NaCl salt was dissolved to provide the atomic sodium necessary for the flame fto be excited by the laser. The success of filtering for background removal assisted the production of high-resolution 3D renderings of a \"frozen\" flame, which were possible due to the 250 kHz repetition rate of the laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"30933-30947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.568464
Simon Rossel, Wentao Zhang, Hassan A Hafez, Savio Fabretti, Dmitry Turchinovich
{"title":"Plasmonic mode coupling in three-dimensional metallic wire terahertz metamaterials.","authors":"Simon Rossel, Wentao Zhang, Hassan A Hafez, Savio Fabretti, Dmitry Turchinovich","doi":"10.1364/OE.568464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.568464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we numerically investigate the plasmonic properties of three-dimensional metallic wire-based terahertz (THz) metamaterials, with the aim of elucidating the plasmonic mode coupling within these structures. Two structures are examined: a metallic bent wire array and a woven wire mesh composed of two interwoven metallic wire arrays. Despite being composed of simple metallic wires, both systems exhibit intricate plasmonic behavior arising from the coupling of THz surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on the individual wires. In the bent wire array, the SPP coupling gives rise to a bound state in the continuum, and under strong coupling conditions, the system transitions to localized plasmonic modes with field enhancement factors approaching ∼10<sup>3</sup>. In the woven wire mesh, the plasmonic coupling extends to the orthogonally oriented wires, enabling effective cross-guide directional coupling of wire SPPs. These results highlight the versatility of wire-based structures for applications such as THz plasmonic waveguiding, frequency filtering, and field enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32320-32332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust volcano-shaped gold-coated holographic gratings for dual-grating spectral beam combining of mid-infrared OPO lasers.","authors":"Wuguang Cui, Yuxin Han, Yibing Zhang, Hongchao Cao, Fanyu Kong, Xiao Li, Yunxia Jin, Jianda Shao","doi":"10.1364/OE.568636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.568636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Power scaling of mid-infrared (MIR) lasers through spectral beam combining (SBC) has been limited by the performance of SBC gratings for over two decades. This study demonstrates a breakthrough by developing a volcano-shaped gold-coated holographic SBC grating optimized for the 3-4 <i>μ</i>m range, achieving a maximum diffraction efficiency of 96.92% with an average efficiency exceeding 95% across a 1.5 <i>μ</i>m spectral bandwidth. The self-developed 50 mm × 50 mm large-aperture grating demonstrates an excellent wavefront as low as 0.18 waves. Moreover, the engineered grating exhibited high robustness under laser irradiation exceeding 1000 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, 4 times that of the nominal commercial MIR-ruled gratings. Furthermore, this work analyzed the fundamental relationship in SBC architecture between the diffraction characteristics of MIR gratings and the linewidth properties of MIR lasers. Dual-grating SBC based on those high-performance gratings demonstrated a 92.5% combined efficiency for OPO lasers operating at 3.16 <i>μ</i>m and 3.89 <i>μ</i>m while maintaining nearly identical beam quality, showing 54% higher efficiency than the conventional single-ruled grating SBC scheme. The demonstrated technological breakthroughs provide transformative solutions for advanced high-power MIR laser systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"31307-31318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refined analysis and representation of atomic polarization in NMOR atomic magnetometers.","authors":"Yanchao Chai, Liwei Jiang, Jiali Liu, Mengnan Tian, Xin Zhao, Zhenglong Lu, Zhuo Wang, Xusheng Lei","doi":"10.1364/OE.565257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.565257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometer is a highly sensitive total-field device with significant applications in fundamental physics, geophysics, and biomedical monitoring. The atomic polarization, which is optically induced through resonant light pumping, plays a pivotal role in determining the sensitivity and stability of the magnetometer. In this paper, refined analysis and representation of atomic polarization in NMOR atomic magnetometers are presented through the establishment of a three-dimensional polarization distribution model based on the rate equation. The polarization characteristics of the single-beam pump and repump modes are compared, and the scale factors of both modes are experimentally measured. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately captures the spatial distribution of optically induced polarization, which is essential for improving the performance and extending the application potential of NMOR magnetometers in high-sensitivity optical sensing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32663-32674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.563494
Andrey V Gorbach
{"title":"Geometric parametric instabilities induced by beatings of two modes.","authors":"Andrey V Gorbach","doi":"10.1364/OE.563494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.563494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phenomenon of geometric parametric instabilities (GPI) has been initially introduced and studied within the context of multiple modes' beating dynamics in graded-index fibers. The large numbers of participating modes, supported by the specific structure of graded-index fibers, enhance the amplitude of the resulting modulation, and therefore lead to pronounced instabilities. However, this is not a necessary condition for the emergence of GPI. Furthermore, the complex multi-mode nonlinear dynamics hinder theoretical analysis of GPI. In this work, we demonstrate that even two modes beating is sufficient to trigger GPI. As such, the phenomenon of GPI is generic and can be observed in a large class of optical systems. We provide a detailed theoretical analysis of GPI induced by two modes' beatings and derive the generalized phase-matching conditions, which reveal the fundamental physical mechanisms behind the multi-peak structure of such parametric resonances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32406-32416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.570528
Xiyue Zhang, Yuchen Wang, Weibo Wu, Pinghua Tang, Jintai Fan, Ting Yu, Gianluca Galzerano, Paolo Laporta, Benxue Jiang, Long Zhang
{"title":"Harnessing Fick's distribution in thermally diffused polycrystals for in-situ optimization of laser efficiency.","authors":"Xiyue Zhang, Yuchen Wang, Weibo Wu, Pinghua Tang, Jintai Fan, Ting Yu, Gianluca Galzerano, Paolo Laporta, Benxue Jiang, Long Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.570528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.570528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transition-metal (TM) doped II-VI ceramics like Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnS/ZnSe have garnered significant attention as mid-infrared (MIR) laser gain media due to their broad emission spectrum and power scalability. Here, we report the doping profile engineering for laser ceramics via an empirical revision of Fick's diffusion model for Cr:ZnS, and its application to in-situ laser performance optimization. Using a 30<i>%</i> output coupler, the system achieved a maximum laser output power of 5.8 W and a maximum slope efficiency of 53.5<i>%</i>, reaching 81<i>%</i> of the intrinsic Stokes limit. The output power is further amplified to nearly 10 W with an optimized trade-off between gain and thermal management, as previously noted, which again enabled the ion concentration selection in a single-pass master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration. This approach is broadly applicable to thermally diffused gain media, paving the way for advancing high-efficiency and high-performance MIR laser sources for both fundamental research and industrial/medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32890-32902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.559370
Manuel Gallego, Sara Kacmoli, Yezhezi Zhang, Michael A Klatt, Claire F Gmachl
{"title":"Hole-based stealthy hyperuniform semiconductor computational metamaterials for the mid-infrared.","authors":"Manuel Gallego, Sara Kacmoli, Yezhezi Zhang, Michael A Klatt, Claire F Gmachl","doi":"10.1364/OE.559370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.559370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stealthy-hyperuniform heterostructures are metamaterials with the potential for optical image processing at angles away from normal incidence. They show analogous properties to photonic crystals while circumventing the spatial anisotropy which often hinders the latter's use. In this paper, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a hole-based stealthy-hyperuniform structure on a quantum cascade layer substrate. The infrared spectral data reveal a sizable gap-midgap ratio of 10.4% for a photonic band gap around ~12.0 <i>μm</i> in the form of an enhanced reflection region for increasing incidence angles. The stealthy hyperuniform metamaterial also showed spatial isotropy by its unchanging reflection spectrum for all in-plane rotational angle measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"31701-31712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid-mechanism metasurface-based wideband low-scattering antenna array.","authors":"Zeqian Yang, Yuchen Gao, Peng Liu, Jiashuo Zhang, Tao Hong, Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1364/OE.566451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.566451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a direct scattering suppression method based on the hybrid radar cross section (RCS) reduction mechanism is applied to the design of a metasurface-based wideband low-RCS antenna array. The metasurface-based radiating patches are designed and optimized to exhibit a stable reflection phase gradient (RPG) under cross-polarized (cr-pol) incidence. For co-polarized (co-pol) incidence, extra metal strips are introduced to generate the 180° reflection phase difference in the low-frequency band for the scattering field cancellation and the uneven reflection phase distribution in the high-frequency band for scattered energy diffusion. Hence, the wideband low-scattering property can be ensured for both polarizations by appropriately arranging the aforementioned metasurface-based antenna units. A prototype of the proposed antenna array is fabricated and measured to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Measured results show that over 6 dB RCS reductions are achieved from 7.3-16.6 GHz and 6.7-16 GHz under co-pol and cr-pol normal incidence. Compared with reported linearly polarized antenna arrays without any additional RCS reduction structure, the proposed design realizes a significant enhancement of the RCS reduction bandwidth due to the integrated utilization of the hybrid RCS reduction mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32247-32261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1364/OE.562463
Junru Du, Hui Shao, Xingyun Li, Yuwei Chen, Hui Dai, Tao Hong, Long Sun
{"title":"Hyperspectral LiDAR saturated signal waveform recovery for ranging based on neural networks.","authors":"Junru Du, Hui Shao, Xingyun Li, Yuwei Chen, Hui Dai, Tao Hong, Long Sun","doi":"10.1364/OE.562463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.562463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is an advanced active detection system that can simultaneously acquire the three-dimensional information and spectral information of a range of targets. However, high-reflectivity targets often encounter to signal saturation, which introduces errors in both time-of-flight (ToF) ranging and hyperspectral reflectance calculation. Such saturation is a joint result of the spectrum of the supercontinuum laser source and the spectral response of the photodetector, and it causes an unbalanced detection performance of different spectral channels of the HSL. This paper proposed a neural network-based waveform recovery framework that addresses saturation-induced distortions in HSL systems to achieve precision ranging. What we believe to be a newly constructed fitting function was designed to simulate saturated waveforms through signal amplification, amplitude truncation, and temporal broadening. Subsequently, A dataset combining simulated and experimental data was built for training. Finally, we implemented a comparative evaluation of three neural network architectures-convolutional neural networks (CNN), radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN), and generalized regression neural networks (GRNN)-were evaluated for waveform recovery and ranging accuracy. RBFNN achieved the best balance between performance and efficiency. The results show that our method can obtain accuracy ranging for high-reflectivity targets with an average mean squared error of 60.623, an average coefficient of determination of 0.9935, and an average correlation coefficient of 0.9991. These results demonstrate that our method can solve the saturation recovery problem for HSL ranging in high-reflectivity signal acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 15","pages":"32155-32174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}