{"title":"Aliasing suppression of GaN-based homogeneous circular polarizer monolithically compatible with surface-emitting lasers.","authors":"Yong-Wei Lai, Li-Sheng Hu, Cheng-Yi Tsai, Tien-Chiu Chen, Wen-Hsuan Hsieh, Tien-Chang Lu, Chia-Yen Huang","doi":"10.1364/OE.561046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.561046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single layer homogeneous circular polarizer (HCP) metasurface, which is insensitive to the incident linear polarization angle, is designed and fabricated with GaN epitaxy. The right circularly polarized component of the linearly polarized beam is converted to left circularly polarized light and retained on the optical axis. In contrast, the left circularly polarized component is deflected away with a large angle of 75° after passing through the metasurface. The prominent aliasing effect due to the short wavelength and large deflection angle is suppressed by setting the phase gradient along a high-index reciprocal vector. In the simulation, the average degree of circular polarization out of the HCP is 0.95 from all linear polarization, while that from the experiment is 0.88. The average power efficiency is 50% in the simulation and 40% in the experiment. The insensitivity to the incident linear polarization angle makes the metasurface a strong candidate for the monolithically integrated circular polarizer on the backside of surface-emitting lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23692-23701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.559905
Ekin Gunes Ozaktas, Sreyas Chintapalli, Eliza O'Reilly, Susanna M Thon
{"title":"Aperiodicity and disorder as systematic spectral tuning mechanisms for plasmonic nanostructures.","authors":"Ekin Gunes Ozaktas, Sreyas Chintapalli, Eliza O'Reilly, Susanna M Thon","doi":"10.1364/OE.559905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.559905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate how aperiodicity and disorder can be used as quantifiable mechanisms for tuning the spectral response of plasmonic nanostructure arrays. We tune the extinction spectra of these arrays using deterministically aperiodic (quasicrystal), perturbed lattice (Bernoulli point process, frozen phonon disorder, long-range frozen phonon disorder), negatively correlated (Strauss point process), and positively correlated (Log Gaussian Cox point process) assemblies. We quantify this tuning by considering the local variance of the extinction spectra, demonstrating two orders of magnitude of tunability. Our structures have potential applications in plasmonic or waveguide-based optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaics and photosensing, where spectral tuning is critical to performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23227-23243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate detection of multiple small targets in a wide field of view based on the compound-eye imaging system.","authors":"Yiming Liu, Huangrong Xu, Xiao Yang, Yuxiang Li, Xiangbo Ren, Hang Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Weixing Yu","doi":"10.1364/OE.564273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.564273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The compound-eye imaging system emulates the key characteristics of natural compound eyes, including an expansive field of view (FOV) and exceptional sensitivity to moving targets. These inherent properties confer distinct advantages for unmanned reconnaissance applications, facilitating both large-scale monitoring and dynamic object detection tasks. In this work, we present an innovative wide-FOV small object detection method based on the compound-eye imaging system. A convolutional attention super-resolution fusion network (CASFNet) was designed to perform super-resolution upsampling on small target features in images and adaptively fuse multi-layer features, enabling accurate identification of multiple categories of small targets in compound-eye images. In addition, we established what we believe to be a novel compound-eye sub-image (CESI) dataset that utilizes the inherent FOV-overlap among ommatidia to achieve hardware-level data enhancement, providing a robust foundation for model development and validation. Moreover, we introduced a confidence-weighted fusion strategy that exploits system-specific imaging parameters to optimize confidence scores for identical targets across different sub-images. The proposed strategy generates spatially mapped detection results with unified confidence metrics on the reconstructed full-FOV image. Experimental validation demonstrates that the method achieves outstanding performance in multi-category small object detection with a measured precision of 96.2% and mAP of 94.2%, while significantly enhancing the overall reliability of object detection based on the compound-eye imaging system. This advancement paves the way for object detection in wide-area surveillance and intelligent transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"24006-24017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimize progressive addition lens by Zernike polynomials.","authors":"Yuechen Shen, Yunhai Tang, Quanying Wu, Fei Wang, Xiaoyi Chen, Haomo Yu","doi":"10.1364/OE.561091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.561091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research indicates that modeling progressive addition lens (PAL) surfaces with high precision requires 231 Zernike polynomials, presenting substantial optimization challenges. This study introduces an innovative method for optimizing PALs by utilizing Zernike polynomial coefficients within commercial optical design software, thereby significantly enhancing computational efficiency. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to allocate weights within the merit function. Furthermore, a novel technique is introduced to minimize the number of optimization variables, thereby boosting optimization efficiency. In comparison to traditional methods, our approach achieves a 79.6% reduction in computation time. Tests conducted on manufactured lens samples revealed a 17.2% increase in the width of the distance zone and a 15.9% increase in the width of the near zone. Our method offers an effective strategy for optimizing PALs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23322-23333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PEARL: projection-estimation accelerated Richardson-Lucy deconvolution for rapid volumetric imaging.","authors":"Shunan Wu, Wenhao Liu, Xuanwen Hua, Jiajia Luo, Xunbin Wei, Shu Jia","doi":"10.1364/OE.559124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.559124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional imaging of biological specimens requires high spatiotemporal resolution, but the intensive computational demands of processing continuously recorded images hinder the real-time reconstruction of millisecond cellular events. Here, we introduce projection-estimation accelerated Richardson-Lucy (PEARL) Deconvolution, an accelerated 3D reconstruction technique that significantly reduces iteration requirements for image reconstruction based on Richardson-Lucy deconvolution. We validate PEARL's capabilities by imaging immuno-stained mitochondria, GFP-labeled peroxisomes, and human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids, demonstrating enhanced reconstruction speed and accuracy across diverse biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22685-22698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.560095
Lan Luo, Tong Li, Tianchen Li, Bo Liu, Yu He, Zhiyou Zhang
{"title":"Complex signal measurement based on weak measurements.","authors":"Lan Luo, Tong Li, Tianchen Li, Bo Liu, Yu He, Zhiyou Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.560095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.560095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the application of weak measurements, such as the estimation of magnetic parameters, the purely real weak coupling of standard weak measurement (SWM) does not correspond to the true physical parameters. To accommodate more complex application scenarios, we further explore three different weak measurement models in which both complex weak coupling and complex weak values coexist. This paper theoretically analyzes pointer variations and applicable ranges in SWM, double pointer weak measurement (DPWM), and almost-balanced weak measurement (ABWM) under specific conditions. Notably, only ABWM can successfully distinguish the real and imaginary components of weak values under complex weak-coupling conditions. While SWM and DPWM can also solve for weak values, they fail to obtain a unique and correct test value. The ABWM technique provides a higher sensitivity than SWM when measuring extremely small parameters. Furthermore, we apply ABWM to the magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement of a Ni-Fe film. This research deepens the understanding of weak measurement techniques and introduces new methods for multiparameter measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22511-22523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.560626
Sethuraj K R, Trevor Ollis, Nick Vamivakas
{"title":"Degree of unpolarization (DoUP): a single metric for all possible unpolarized beams.","authors":"Sethuraj K R, Trevor Ollis, Nick Vamivakas","doi":"10.1364/OE.560626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.560626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unpolarized light is foundational in many optical technologies, yet current metrics fail to fully capture its complexity, especially when considering hidden or nonuniform polarization states. To overcome this, we introduce the degree of unpolarization (DoUP), a single, comprehensive metric that quantifies unpolarized beams across various sources. The DoUP is developed within a newly conceptualized normalized polarization probability space, termed <i>J</i>-space. This framework allows for precise comparisons of unpolarized beams and standardizes their quantification. Our findings reveal that fully unpolarized beams achieve a DoUP value of unity, while other beams deviate from this ideal, offering critical insights into their polarization behavior. By resolving these nuances, the DoUP metric opens up new avenues for optical technologies, from advanced photonic systems to quantum information science. This advancement promises a deeper understanding of polarization and broader applications in fields that rely on the precise manipulation of light.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22524-22533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.564129
Zijian Yin, Lingjie Wang, Xin Zhang, Xuefeng Zeng, Yang Liu, Jingaowa Hu
{"title":"Design of customized freeform progressive addition lens based on localized precision optimization.","authors":"Zijian Yin, Lingjie Wang, Xin Zhang, Xuefeng Zeng, Yang Liu, Jingaowa Hu","doi":"10.1364/OE.564129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.564129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rigid zonal design and inadequate precision control in primary visual zones are the current problems of progressive addition lenses (PALs). To address these limitations, this paper proposed a customized PAL design method with localized precision optimization. The approach systematically defined the objective function for optimization through customizable surface parameters while incorporating precise constraints on optical power and astigmatism in primary visual zones, and ultimately derived optimal surface data via optimization algorithms. To validate the design feasibility, two sets of PALs parameters were customized in this study. The results show that both PALs achieve accurate optical power and astigmatism distributions within specified zones. Notably, the optical power deviations between actual and theoretical values remain within ±0.06D around distance and near reference points, with astigmatism controlled below 0.12D in corresponding zones, thereby achieving localized precision control. This method integrates customized zonal distribution with localized accuracy in optical power and astigmatism, providing a design idea for future customized PALs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23036-23052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.562556
Wenxin Wang, Ralph Döhrmann, Stephan Botta, Anders Madsen, Christian G Schroer, Frank Seiboth
{"title":"Diamond X-ray lens cubes with integrated aberration compensation.","authors":"Wenxin Wang, Ralph Döhrmann, Stephan Botta, Anders Madsen, Christian G Schroer, Frank Seiboth","doi":"10.1364/OE.562556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.562556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diamond is a highly suited material for radiation-resistant X-ray optics, particularly for 4th-generation synchrotron radiation sources with high brightness and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities operating at high pulse energies. For various imaging applications, critical factors such as spatial resolution, bandwidth flexibility, and compact integration must be addressed in the design of focusing optics. However, the manufacturing process by laser ablation of diamond lenses often leads to residual aberrations and limitations in achievable spot sizes, posing challenges for high-resolution imaging applications. This work introduces an innovative concept of aberration-compensated X-ray lens cubes, composed of bi-concave, two-dimensional diamond lens plates with a 25 µm radius of curvature, fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation. A focal spot size of 52 nm × 51 nm was achieved at 14 keV, with wavefront errors strongly reduced across a wide photon energy range of 14 keV to 20 keV using multiple corrective phase plates. These results demonstrate the strong potential of our approach for nanoimaging applications, advancing high-resolution X-ray focusing capabilities for 4th-generation synchrotron radiation facilities and XFELs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22349-22359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.564033
Jing Zhang, Yan-Song Li, Zhuo-Hang Liang, Mei-Xin Deng, Zi-Ao Zhang, Jun Liu
{"title":"Dual-polarization layered magneto-optic sensor with spatiotemporal thermal-magnetic interference decoupling.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Yan-Song Li, Zhuo-Hang Liang, Mei-Xin Deng, Zi-Ao Zhang, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1364/OE.564033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.564033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the technical challenges of stray magnetic field interference and temperature drift in straight-through MOCS, this study proposes a layered dual-polarization-state receiving magneto-optic current sensor. The device could achieve synchronous compensation for external spatial magnetic field vector interference and temperature gradient effects. COMSOL multiphysics simulations demonstrated that under various interference conditions, the steady-state relative error of the layered MOCS remained below 0.2%, whereas the transient relative error remained below 1%. Experimental validation demonstrated that the proposed sensor maintained a measurement accuracy below 0.2% under simultaneous interference conditions of 2800 µT external magnetic fields and thermal cycling from -40 °C to +40 °C. This research provides a novel paradigm for addressing the multiphysics coupling problems of optical sensors in complex environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"24156-24177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}